1
|
Owais S, Ospina MB, Ford C, Hill T, Savoy CD, Van Lieshout R. Screen Time and Socioemotional and Behavioural Difficulties Among Indigenous Children in Canada: Temps d'écran et difficultés socio-émotionnelles et comportementales chez les enfants autochtones du Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 69:337-346. [PMID: 38151919 PMCID: PMC11032090 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231223333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe screen time levels and determine their association with socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among preschool-aged First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children. METHOD Data were taken from the Aboriginal Children's Survey, a nationally representative survey of 2-5-year-old Indigenous children in Canada. Socioemotional and behavioural difficulties were defined using parent/guardian reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit participants, and statistically adjusted for child age, child sex, and parent/guardian education. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Of these 2-5-year-old children (mean [M] = 3.57 years) 3,085 were First Nations (53.5%), 2,430 Métis (39.2%), and 990 Inuit (7.3%). Screen time exposure was high among First Nations (M = 2 h and 58 min/day, standard deviation [SD] = 1.89), Métis (M = 2 h and 50 min [SD = 1.83]), and Inuit children (M = 3 h and 25 min [SD = 2.20]), with 79.7% exceeding recommended guidelines (>1 h/day). After adjusting for confounders, screen time was associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations (total difficulties β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.19]) and Métis (β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.20]) but not Inuit children (β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.23]). CONCLUSIONS Screen time exposure is high among Indigenous children in Canada, and is associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations and Métis children. Contributing factors could include enduring colonialism that resulted in family dissolution, lack of positive parental role models, and disproportionate socioeconomic disadvantage. Predictors of poor well-being should continue to be identified to develop targets for intervention to optimize the health and development of Indigenous children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria B. Ospina
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Camron Ford
- Bachelor of Medical Sciences Program, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Troy Hill
- McMaster Alumni Association, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Calan D. Savoy
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ryan Van Lieshout
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao L, Freedman DS, Blanck HM, Park S. Trends in Severe Obesity Among Children Aged 2 to 4 Years in WIC: 2010 to 2020. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023062461. [PMID: 38105679 PMCID: PMC10863498 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence and trends in severe obesity among 16.6 million children aged 2 to 4 years enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) from 2010 to 2020. METHODS Severe obesity was defined as a sex-specific BMI for age ≥120% of the 95th percentile on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts or BMI ≥35 kg/m2. Joinpoint regression was used to identify when changes occurred in the overall trend. Logistic regression was used to compute the adjusted prevalence differences between years controlling for sex, age, and race and ethnicity. RESULTS The prevalence of severe obesity significantly decreased from 2.1% in 2010 to 1.8% in 2016 and then increased to 2.0% in 2020. From 2010 to 2016, the prevalence decreased significantly among all sociodemographic subgroups except for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children. The largest decreases were among 4-year-olds, Asian/Pacific Islander and Hispanic children, and children from higher-income households. However, from 2016 to 2020, the prevalence increased significantly overall and among sociodemographic subgroups, except for AI/AN and non-Hispanic white children. The largest increases occurred in 4-year-olds and Hispanic children. Among 56 WIC agencies, the prevalence significantly declined in 17 agencies, and 1 agency (Mississippi) showed a significant increase from 2010 to 2016. In contrast, 21 agencies had significant increases, and only Alaska had a significant decrease from 2016 to 2020. CONCLUSIONS Although severe obesity prevalence in toddlers declined from 2010 to 2016, recent trends are upward. Early identification and access to evidence-based family healthy weight programs for at-risk children can support families and child health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhao
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David S Freedman
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heidi M Blanck
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sng QW, Chong FFM, Chan D, Tan KH, He HG. Evaluating the influence of low birth weight on food parenting practices in preschool children. Appetite 2023; 190:107031. [PMID: 37690619 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Food parenting practices, especially Autonomy Support practices and Structure practices, have not been comprehensively studied among parents of children born with low birth weight in Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate food parenting practices among parents of preschoolers who were born with low (<2500 g) and normal birth weight (≥2500 g) in Singapore. We recruited 197 parents of pre-school children (aged 3-5 years) who completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the HomeSTEAD questionnaire, which examined food parenting practices. Among parents, 98 (49.8%) and 99 (50.2%) had children who were normal (NBW) and low birth weight (LBW) respectively. Parents of children with LBW had lower scores in one Autonomy Support practice (Encouragement) and three Structure practices (Meal setting, Planning and preparation of healthy meals, Rules and limits around unhealthy foods), after controlling for ethnicity and parental education. Parents of children with LBW also scored higher in one Autonomy Support practice (Guided choices: when food is given). There were no significant differences in Coercive Control practices between parents of both groups. Healthcare professionals could use this information to assess parental needs when facilitating parents' positive food parenting practices, especially among children with low birth weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen Sng
- Department of Advancing Nursing Education, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Foong-Fong Mary Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Daniel Chan
- Endocrinology Service, Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899, Singapore
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 117597, Singapore; National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vandyousefi S, Messito MJ, Scott MA, Gross RS. Do Appetite Traits Mediate the Link Between Birth Weight and Later Child Weight in Low-Income Hispanic Families? Child Obes 2023; 19:489-497. [PMID: 36255444 PMCID: PMC10541931 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Birth weight and appetite traits (ATs) are important early life determinants of child weight and obesity. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine whether (1) birth weight-for-gestational age z-scores (BWGAzs) were associated with ATs at child age 2 years and (2) ATs mediated the link between BWGAzs and weight-for-age z-scores (WFAzs) at child ages 3 and 4 years among Hispanic children. Methods: We conducted a secondary longitudinal analysis of data from the Starting Early Program of low-income, Hispanic mother-child pairs. ATs were assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire at age 2 years. Child birth weight was obtained from medical records. Birth weight, sex, and gestational age were used to generate BWGAzs with Fenton growth curves. WFAz was calculated based on the CDC 2000 growth charts. Regression and mediation analyses were used to explore associations between BWGAzs, ATs, and WFAzs. Results: Infants with higher BWGAzs had significantly lower Satiety Responsiveness (B = -0.10) and Food Fussiness (B = -0.13) scores at age 2 years and higher WFAzs at ages 3 (B = 0.44) and 4 (B = 0.34) years. Lower Satiety Responsiveness at age 2 years was associated with higher WFAzs at ages 3 (B = -0.11) and 4 (B = -0.34; all p < 0.01) years. Lower Satiety Responsiveness partially mediated the positive relationship between birth weight and child WFAzs at ages 3 and 4 years. Conclusions: Children with higher birth weight and lower Satiety Responsiveness scores may be at higher risk of developing obesity in childhood. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which birth weight influences child appetite. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01541761.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Vandyousefi
- Department of Medicine and New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Scott
- Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen T, Wang J, Fu Y. Exploring the relationship between home environmental characteristics and restorative effect through neural activities. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1201559. [PMID: 37799189 PMCID: PMC10548391 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1201559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As society and the economy have advanced, the focus of architectural and interior environment design has shifted from practicality to eliciting emotional responses, such as stimulating environments and innovative inclusive designs. Of particular interest is the home environment, as it is best suited for achieving restorative effects, leading to a debate between interior qualities and restorative impact. This study explored the relationships between home characteristics, restorative potential, and neural activities using the Neu-VR. The results of the regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between interior properties and restorative potential. We examined each potential characteristic of the home environment that could have a restorative impact and elucidated the environmental characteristics that should be emphasized in residential interior design. These findings contribute evidence-based knowledge for designing therapeutic indoor environments. And combining different restorative potential environments with neural activity, discussed new neuro activities which may predict restorativeness, decoded the new indicators of neuro activity for environmental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - JunYao Wang
- Academy of Art and Design, GongQing Institute of Science and Technology, Gongqing City, China
- Integrated Design Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Yingfan Fu
- School of Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
- Arts College, Wuyi University, Nanping, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bryant K, Sandhu J, Nguyen J, Asonye E, Thompson D, Sisley S. Isolation in a Sea of "Experts": Identifying the Parental Struggles Caring for Children With Early-Onset Obesity. Child Obes 2023; 19:408-416. [PMID: 36112365 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Severe early-onset childhood obesity is diagnosed by having a BMI >120% of the 95th percentile before age 5 years. Treatment for early-onset obesity is frequently unsuccessful. Prior studies have shown parents of children with obesity often face stigmatization and those who experience weight bias also experience poorer medical care. Home environment influences many risk factors, and parents are crucial for intervention. Research on the parental perspective of care is lacking and greater understanding could increase the effectiveness of treatment. We sought to understand the common stressors and obstacles parents encounter caring for a child with early-onset severe obesity. Methods: Parents of children with early-onset severe obesity participated in semistructured interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using hybrid thematic analysis. Results: We identified a global theme of "Isolation in a sea of 'experts'," supported by three organizing themes: (i) Facing barriers at every turn; (ii) Carrying all the burdens; and (iii) Struggling to get their child seen as an individual. Within each organizing theme, subthemes emerged that highlighted the struggles that parents encountered. These included significant conflict with others when attempting to implement dietary changes (e.g., spouses, other children, and extended family), protecting their child's self-esteem, perceived weight bias from medical staff, lack of experienced obesity clinicians, lack of access to weight management services, and judgment from others (e.g., family, friends, and strangers). Conclusions: This study highlighted that many parents of children with early-onset severe obesity felt significant struggles, both internal and external. Understanding the barriers parents face when caring for their children is critical to improving relationships and medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Bryant
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jagnoor Sandhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Asonye
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Sisley
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monteiro LM, Barbosa CF, Lichtenecker DCK, Argeri R, Gomes GN. Sex modifies the renal consequences of high fructose consumption introduced after weaning. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1090090. [PMID: 37008005 PMCID: PMC10050681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
After lactation, many children consume fructose-rich processed foods. However, overconsumption of these foods can predispose individuals to non-communicable chronic diseases, which can have different repercussions depending on the sex. Thus, we evaluated the effects of fructose overload introduced after weaning on the renal function of young rats of both sexes.Methods: After weaning, male and female offspring of Wistar rats were assigned to drink water (the male/water and female/water groups) or 20% D-fructose solution (male/fructose and female/fructose groups). Food and water or fructose solution was offered ad libitum. Rats were evaluated at 4 months. Parameters analyzed: blood pressure, body weight, triglyceride levels, glomerular filtration rate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium excretion, macrophage infiltration, and eNOS and 8OHdG expression in renal tissue. CEUA-UNIFESP: 2757270117.Results: Fructose intake affected the blood pressure, body weight, and plasma triglyceride in all rats. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly reduced in males that received fructose when compared to that of the control group. Sodium and potassium excretion decreased in all fructose-treated rats; however, the excreted load of these ions was significantly higher in females than in males. In the female control group, calcium excretion was higher than that of the male control group. Fructose overload increased magnesium excretion in females, and also increased macrophage infiltration and reduced eNOS expression in both males and females.Conclusion: Fructose overload introduced after weaning caused metabolic and renal changes in rats. Renal function was more affected in males; however, several significant alterations were also observed in the female-fructose group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Maria Monteiro
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celine Farias Barbosa
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Argeri
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guiomar Nascimento Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Guiomar Nascimento Gomes,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osei Bonsu E, Addo IY. Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067522. [PMID: 36589948 PMCID: PMC9795067 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that Egypt, a country in North Africa, has a significant number of children at serious risk of excess body weight. Yet, there is a dearth of studies on overweight and obesity among children under 5 years in the country. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt. Methods Data were retrieved from the latest (2008 and 2014) Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). A total of 42,568 children under 5 years were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was described using proportions whereas the factors associated with the prevalence were examined using logistic regression. Results Of the 42,568 children under 5 years, about one in every six (17%) were overweight or obese. Children aged 19-37 months, those with birth weights >4 kg, those given large portions of protein foods (eggs and meat), and those whose mothers were in the rich wealth quintile had significant risks of overweight or obesity. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among children under 5 years in Egypt. Interventions developed to address these two overnutrition indicators in Egypt need to consider variations in risk factors across age, birth weight, food types and portions, and maternal wealth status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Osei Bonsu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,*Correspondence: Emmanuel Osei Bonsu ;
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Koester BD, Sloane S, Chusid S, Simon J. Informing State-Wide Coalition Efforts to Implement and Integrate Nutrition Best Practices in Early Care and Education: Focus Group Insights from Child Care Providers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10025. [PMID: 36011660 PMCID: PMC9408123 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A healthy diet in early childhood is an important contributor to ensuring lifelong health and in reducing risk for obesity. The child care environment is critical to supporting nutrition as a majority of young children less than 5 years of age are enrolled in out-of-home care. In order to better understand barriers to implementing and integrating nutrition best practices, we conduced focus groups with child care providers (n = 25) in Illinois. Providers from low-income communities, rural communities, and communities of color were prioritized. Focus group participants reported several challenges including the high cost of nutritious food, picky eating, and their perception that parents did not set good examples at home. Many providers identified the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) as a critical resource in helping them implement best practices. Providers discussed needing and wanting more training, more money for food, and more parental support. These results indicate support for additional resources and sustained training and technical assistance to address perceived challenges. The evidence of the importance of CACFP in helping providers engage in nutrition best practices indicates support for expansion and strengthening of the program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Koester
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Communication, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie Sloane
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sarah Chusid
- Illinois Public Health Institute, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Janna Simon
- Illinois Public Health Institute, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Risica PM, Karpowicz JM, von Ash T, Gans KM, Stowers KC, Tovar A. Feeding and Activity Environments for Infants and Toddlers in Childcare Centers and Family Childcare Homes in Southeastern New England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159702. [PMID: 35955058 PMCID: PMC9367851 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have documented the food and physical activity (PA) environments of childcare settings caring for children <24 months of age, although they may be key contributors to developing child PA and diet patterns. We used an adapted Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation tool to assess the food and activity environments for infants and toddlers in childcare centers (n = 21) and family childcare homes (FCCH) (n = 20) and explored differences by childcare type. Many similarities were found between childcare site types; however, centers used more recommended feeding practices than FCCH (e.g., 100% of center providers talked with toddlers about feelings of hunger or fullness compared to 18% of family childcare providers (FCCP), p < 0.01). Differences in non-recommended feeding practices (e.g., spoon feeding, bottle propping and encouraging unhealthy foods) were mixed between childcare types. Toddlers in centers spent more time playing at higher PA levels than those in FCCH (61 vs. 13 min, p < 0.001). Screen time was observed in FCCH, but not in centers. Differences between childcare types may indicate differential influences on infant and toddler feeding and PA behaviors, which could predict disparate obesity risk. Future research should further observe these behaviors in a larger sample of centers and FCCH to inform childcare interventions and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Markham Risica
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Tayla von Ash
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Kim M. Gans
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Collaboration in Health, Interventions and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kristen Cooksey Stowers
- Institute for Collaboration in Health, Interventions and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwansa AL, Akparibo R, Cecil JE, Infield Solar G, Caton SJ. Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity within the Home Environment of Preschool Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091706. [PMID: 35565675 PMCID: PMC9100775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is experiencing an increasing prevalence of young children being overweight and obese. Many feeding and physical activity-related behaviours are established at home during preschool years, yet the precise factors that contribute to preschool overweight and obesity have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to identify factors in the home environment associated with overweight and or obesity in preschool children in SSA. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and the African Index Medicus databases were systematically searched for qualitative and quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2021. Eleven studies (ten quantitative, one qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the results highlight the paucity of studies exploring factors in the home environment associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The home food environment and maternal BMI appear to be important factors associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children; however, the information for all other factors explored remains unclear due to the lack of evidence. For successful obesity prevention and treatment interventions to be developed, more research in this area is required to understand how different aspects of the home environment contribute to overweight and obesity in preschool Sub-Saharan African children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert L. Kwansa
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Robert Akparibo
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.L.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Joanne E. Cecil
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK;
| | | | - Samantha J. Caton
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (A.L.K.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hunter KE, Johnson BJ, Askie L, Golley RK, Baur LA, Marschner IC, Taylor RW, Wolfenden L, Wood CT, Mihrshahi S, Hayes AJ, Rissel C, Robledo KP, O'Connor DA, Espinoza D, Staub LP, Chadwick P, Taki S, Barba A, Libesman S, Aberoumand M, Smith WA, Sue-See M, Hesketh KD, Thomson JL, Bryant M, Paul IM, Verbestel V, Stough CO, Wen LM, Larsen JK, O'Reilly SL, Wasser HM, Savage JS, Ong KK, Salvy SJ, Messito MJ, Gross RS, Karssen LT, Rasmussen FE, Campbell K, Linares AM, Øverby NC, Palacios C, Joshipura KJ, González Acero C, Lakshman R, Thompson AL, Maffeis C, Oken E, Ghaderi A, Campos Rivera M, Pérez-Expósito AB, Banna JC, de la Haye K, Goran M, Røed M, Anzman-Frasca S, Taylor BJ, Seidler AL. Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration: protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e048166. [PMID: 35058256 PMCID: PMC8783820 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioural interventions in early life appear to show some effect in reducing childhood overweight and obesity. However, uncertainty remains regarding their overall effectiveness, and whether effectiveness differs among key subgroups. These evidence gaps have prompted an increase in very early childhood obesity prevention trials worldwide. Combining the individual participant data (IPD) from these trials will enhance statistical power to determine overall effectiveness and enable examination of individual and trial-level subgroups. We present a protocol for a systematic review with IPD meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions commencing antenatally or in the first year after birth, and to explore whether there are differential effects among key subgroups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Systematic searches of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo and trial registries for all ongoing and completed randomised controlled trials evaluating behavioural interventions for the prevention of early childhood obesity have been completed up to March 2021 and will be updated annually to include additional trials. Eligible trialists will be asked to share their IPD; if unavailable, aggregate data will be used where possible. An IPD meta-analysis and a nested prospective meta-analysis will be performed using methodologies recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The primary outcome will be body mass index z-score at age 24±6 months using WHO Growth Standards, and effect differences will be explored among prespecified individual and trial-level subgroups. Secondary outcomes include other child weight-related measures, infant feeding, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, sleep, parenting measures and adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approved by The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/273) and Flinders University Social and Behavioural Research Ethics Committee (HREC CIA2133-1). Results will be relevant to clinicians, child health services, researchers, policy-makers and families, and will be disseminated via publications, presentations and media releases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020177408.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E Hunter
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brittany J Johnson
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Askie
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Golley
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian C Marschner
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles T Wood
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison J Hayes
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristy P Robledo
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denise A O'Connor
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lukas P Staub
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Chadwick
- Centre For Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Taki
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angie Barba
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sol Libesman
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mason Aberoumand
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy A Smith
- Canterbury Community Health Centre, Sydney Local Health District, Campsie, New South Wales, Australia
- Consumer Representative, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Maria Bryant
- Department of Health Sciences and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian M Paul
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vera Verbestel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Li Ming Wen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junilla K Larsen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sharleen L O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heather M Wasser
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Salvy
- Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Levie T Karssen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Finn E Rasmussen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Maria Linares
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nina Cecilie Øverby
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder, Norway
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kaumudi J Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Carolina González Acero
- Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Santo Domingo, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ata Ghaderi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ana B Pérez-Expósito
- Social Protection and Health Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jinan C Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kayla de la Haye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margrethe Røed
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder, Norway
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barry J Taylor
- Better Start National Science Challenge, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna Lene Seidler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kristo AS, Çinar N, Kucuknil SL, Sikalidis AK. Technological Devices and Their Effect on Preschool Children's Eating Habits in Communities of Mixed Socioeconomic Status in Istanbul; a Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11110157. [PMID: 34821618 PMCID: PMC8614987 DOI: 10.3390/bs11110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of technological devices is increasing in all age groups, especially in preschool-aged children. However, there is a limiting number of studies investigating the relationship between the use of technological devices, eating behavior, and weight status in preschool children. The aim of this study was (1) to describe total usage of technological devices, (2) to evaluate level of exclusive use of such devices by children, (3) to investigate children’s eating behaviors and diet in relation to screen time and type. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 children aged 2–5 years in Küçükçekmece and Bakırköy, Istanbul. Data collection consisted of a validated parental questionnaire on demographics and the child’s use of technology and eating behavior, while associations in children were examined using logistic regression analysis. The analysis of the obtained data uncovered a strong association between children’s TV and tablet/smart phone use and the foods consumed by children when using these devices (p = 0.0001; p = 0.012). Also, there was a significant association between children’s eating habits and TV, and tablet/smart phone durations of use (p = 0.015; p = 0.025), but not with computer duration of use (p > 0.05). Obesity and associated health problems can arise as results of suboptimal eating behavior, such as the ones observed in our study, which are also intensified with an increased duration of use of technological devices. The attitude of families towards prudent use of technological equipment is of great importance in impacting present and future health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Kristo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nur Çinar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Yilanli Ayazma Yolu No 26, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (N.Ç.); (S.L.K.)
| | - Stefanos L. Kucuknil
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Yilanli Ayazma Yolu No 26, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (N.Ç.); (S.L.K.)
- Balıklı Greek Hospital, Physiotherapy Clinic, Belgrad Kapi Yolu No 2, Istanbul 34020, Turkey
| | - Angelos K. Sikalidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahabee-Gittens EM, Ding L, Merianos AL, Khoury JC, Gordon JS. Examination of the '5-2-1-0' Recommendations in Racially Diverse Young Children Exposed to Tobacco Smoke. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:966-972. [PMID: 33641482 PMCID: PMC8349823 DOI: 10.1177/0890117121995772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The '5-2-1-0' guidelines recommend that children: eat ≥5 servings of fruits/vegetables ('5'), have ≤2 hours of screen-time ('2'), have ≥1 hour of activity ('1'), and drink 0 sugar-sweetened beverages ('0') daily. The pediatric emergency department (PED) treats children at risk for obesity and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). We examined body mass index (BMI), overweight, obesity, TSE, and '5-2-1-0' rates in children with TSE in the PED. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of PED children. SETTING The PED of a children's hospital. SAMPLE Children with TSE >6 months-5 years old (N = 401). MEASURES Sociodemographics, '5-2-1-0' behaviors, BMI, and cotinine-confirmed TSE. ANALYSIS Associations between '5-2-1-0' and sociodemographics were examined with logistic regression. RESULTS Mean (SD) age = 2.4 (1.6) years; 53.1% were Black; 65.8% had low-income; and 93.4% had TSE. Of 2-5-year-olds, mean (SD) BMI percentile was 66.2 (30.1), 16.1% were overweight and 20.6% were obese. In total, 10.5% attained '5', 72.6% attained '2', 57.8% of 2-5-year-olds attained '1', and 9.8% attained '0'. Compared to White children, "other" race children were more likely to meet '5' (aOR(95% CI):4.67(1.41, 5.45)); 2-5-years-olds (aOR(95%CI):0.60(0.38, 0.95)) and Black children (aOR(95%CI):0.36(0.21, 0.60)) were at decreased odds to meet '2' compared to younger or White children, respectively. Compared to younger children, 2-5-year-olds were at decreased odds to meet '0' (aOR(95%CI):0.08(0.02, 0.26)). CONCLUSION Racially diverse, low-income children with TSE had low '5-2-1-0' attainment. Interventions are needed to improve lifestyle habits in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lili Ding
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jane C. Khoury
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malihi Z, Portch R, Hashemi L, Schlichting D, Wake M, Morton S, Fa'alili-Fidow J, Mensah F, Olds T, Atatoa Carr P, Kingi TK, Grant CC, Denny S. Modifiable Early Childhood Risk Factors for Obesity at Age Four Years. Child Obes 2021; 17:196-208. [PMID: 33595354 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of adult obesity and related chronic disease. Our aim was to identify modifiable exposures that are independently associated with obesity in the preschool age group. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 5734 children in New Zealand with anthropometric measurements was completed at age 4.5 years. The modifiable exposures of interest, measured at age 9 months and 2 years, were: food security during infancy; and, at age 2 years, screen time; sleep duration; and takeaway food and soft drink intake. The risk of obesity independently associated with each exposure was determined using Binomial and Poisson regression and described using adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), after controlling for confounding variables including gender, ethnicity, birth weight, and mother's age. The probability of obesity given cumulative exposures to the four risk factors and the population attributable fraction (PAF) were estimated. Results: Lower food security during infancy (<mean study sample score; RR = 1.32; 95% CI : 1.06-1.64) and, at age 2 years, more screen time (>1 hour/day; RR = 1.22; 95% CI : 1.01-1.48), shorter sleep duration (≤11.5 hours/day; RR = 1.30; 95% CI : 1.05-1.61), and weekly to daily consumption of takeaway/soft drink (RR = 1.25, 95% CI : 1.00-1.57) were independently associated with an increased risk of obesity at age 4.5 years. The cumulative PAF for childhood obesity was 42.9%, under an ideal scenario where all risk factors were eliminated. Conclusion: Exposure to modifiable factors by age 2 years is associated with obesity at age 4.5 years. Interventions to prevent childhood obesity need to be effective during infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarintaj Malihi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child, and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Portch
- Department of Paediatrics, Child, and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ladan Hashemi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child, and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Schlichting
- Department of Paediatrics, Child, and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Wake
- Prevention and Innovation Group, Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan Morton
- Growing Up in New Zealand, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacinta Fa'alili-Fidow
- Growing Up in New Zealand, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Polly Atatoa Carr
- Department of Paediatrics, Waikato District Health Board and National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Te Kani Kingi
- Research and Innovation, Te Whare Wananga o Awanuiarangi, Whakatane, New Zealand
| | - Cameron C Grant
- Department of Paediatrics, Child, and Youth Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,General Paediatrics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Denny
- Mater Young Adult Health Centre, Level 5 Potter Link, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Associations between Home Environment, Children's and Parents' Characteristics and Children's TV Screen Time Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041589. [PMID: 33567527 PMCID: PMC7914694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In Ireland, television (TV) screen time is a highly prevalent sedentary behavior among children aged less than five years. Little is known about the influence of parental rules and policies or screen time availability and accessibility within the home on children’s TV screen time behaviors. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the extent to which parents’ sociodemographic and sedentary behaviors are associated with children’s TV screen time; and to determine the associations between parents’ rules and practices, home physical environment and children’s daily TV viewing. Three hundred and thirty-two children aged 3–5 years and their parents participated in the study. Children’s TV screen time and home environmental characteristics (parents’ rules and practices and the physical environment) were assessed using questions from standardized and validated questionnaires. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Within the different sedentary behaviors evaluated, parents’ TV viewing was positively associated with children’s TV screen time (OR 1.65, 95%CI 1.09–2.50, p = 0.018). Leaving the TV on, whether or not it was being watched, was associated with a 38% increased probability of children watching ≥ 1 h TV daily. Children whose parents restricted their outdoor activity were more likely to watch ≥ 1 h TV daily (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.04–3.88, p = 0.036). Findings from the study demonstrated that parents’ own screen time behaviors, leaving the TV on whether it was being watched or not and restricting outdoor play were associated with higher children’s TV viewing in the home environment. This knowledge is essential to inform future interventions aimed to address the increase in screen time among young children.
Collapse
|
17
|
Martoccio TL, Senehi N, Brophy-Herb HE, Miller AL, Contreras D, Horodynski MA, Peterson KE, Lumeng JC. Temperament, socioeconomic adversity, and perinatal risk as related to preschoolers' BMI. Health Psychol 2021; 40:135-144. [PMID: 33315417 PMCID: PMC8363046 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disparities in childhood obesity necessitate identification of risk-protective and risk- augmenting factors for young children experiencing socioeconomic adversity born with perinatal risk. Temperamental reactivity is a biological marker of susceptibility to environmental characteristics. This study tested whether temperamental reactivity moderated the relation between socioeconomic risk and children's body mass index (BMI). METHOD This study examined 100 Head Start preschoolers (Mage = 4.07 years, SD = 0.56) with perinatal risk, defined as preterm birth (PT, <37 weeks gestation) or low birth weight (LBW, <2500g). Anthropometric measurements were collected from children and parents. Parents completed questionnaires on family level demographics and household food insecurity to create a cumulative socioeconomic risk variable. Parents also completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire to assess preschoolers' temperamental reactivity. RESULTS Results supported a differential susceptibility hypothesis such that preschoolers' temperamental reactivity significantly moderated the relation between socioeconomic risk and child BMI z-score (BMIz). Higher BMIz was observed in highly reactive children exposed to higher socioeconomic risk. Alternatively, lower exposure to socioeconomic risk was related to lower BMIz for highly reactive children. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that highly reactive PT/LBW preschoolers are differentially susceptible to early socioeconomic adversity in a for better or for worse manner regarding BMIz. Thus, consideration of temperament as a marker of biological sensitivity to context may be necessary to inform obesity prevention for PT/LBW preschoolers from low-income families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L. Martoccio
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland College Park
| | - Neda Senehi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Alison L. Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Karen E. Peterson
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
de Lannoy L, Rhodes RE, Moore SA, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS. Regional differences in access to the outdoors and outdoor play of Canadian children and youth during the COVID-19 outbreak. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2020; 111:988-994. [PMID: 33057923 PMCID: PMC7556599 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the spread of COVID-19, public health authorities across the country have recommended that Canadians keep their distance, wash their hands, and stay home. To enforce these measures, restrictions on outdoor behaviour have been implemented, limiting access to parks and recreational outdoor spaces. New evidence shows that COVID-19 restrictions are associated with an overall lower amount of time spent in outdoor play among Canadian children and youth. This is concerning, as outdoor play is important for children's physical and mental health and helps provide them with a sense of control during times of uncertainty and stress. As policies on access to the outdoors during the COVID-19 outbreak vary by province, it is possible that policy differences have led to regional differences in changes in outdoor play among children and youth. In this commentary, we examine regional differences in outdoor play among children and youth across Canada, and the association between provincial policies related to COVID-19 and outdoor play. We argue that through the recovery process, in the event of a second wave of infections, and in preparing for future public health challenges, policy decisions should consider ways to preserve outdoor play for Canadian children and youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise de Lannoy
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
| | - Sarah A. Moore
- Department of Therapeutic Recreation, Faculty of Child, Family, and Community Studies, Douglas College, 1250 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, BC V3B 7X3 Canada
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Early consumption of ultra-processed foods among children under 2 years old in Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:3341-3351. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To evaluate the complementary food consumption according to the extent and purpose of food processing based on NOVA classification among children aged 6–24 months of Federal District, Brazil.Design:We performed a cross-sectional study using a 24-h recall to estimate the daily energy intake and nutrients according to NOVA classification. We conducted a linear regression to assess the association between the processed and ultra-processed foods (UPF) energy intake and the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugars and daily intake of sodium.Setting:Federal District, Brazil.Participants:Five hundred and thirty-eight children aged between 6 and 24 months attended at Primary Health Care Units from March 2017 to March 2018.Results:On average, children aged from 6 to 12 and from 12 to 24 months consumed 2393 and 4054 kJ/d, respectively, and processed and UPF represented one-third of dietary energy intake. Group 2 (processed and UPF) was higher carbohydrate contributors, and lower protein, fibre and most micronutrient contributors, when compared with Group 1 (unprocessed, minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients). In addition, the higher the energy intake from processed and UPF, the higher was the daily energy intake from saturated fat, daily energy intake from total sugar and daily intake of sodium.Conclusion:Children are being exposed early to processed and UPF and their share affect the diet’s nutritional quality.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu E, Grimm KJ, Berkel C, Smith JD. Parenting and social-ecological correlates with children's health behaviours: A latent profile analysis. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12721. [PMID: 32869513 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric obesity poses dangers to children's short and long-term health. Multi-level ecological models posit how children's health behaviours are influenced by interpersonal relationships. OBJECTIVES To identify profiles of individual and interpersonal health behaviours and parenting skills among caregivers and their children with elevated BMI. METHODS Participants were 240 children (63.7% Latino) ages 5 to 12 years with body mass index ≥85th percentile and their caregivers in a paediatric weight management intervention trial. A latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles among caregiver report of parenting skills; child physical activity, eating behaviours, and food and beverage choices; family mealtime, media and sleep routines; and parent health behaviours, and associations with food and housing insecurity. RESULTS A three-class model was chosen based on conceptual interpretation and model fit. Profiles were differentiated by parenting skills, child food choices, child physical activity habits, family mealtime, media, and sleep routines, and parent health behaviours. Food and housing insecurity were associated with class membership while child and caregiver anthropometrics were not. CONCLUSIONS Distinct profiles existed among this low-income, racially/ethnically diverse sample of children with elevated BMI. Such findings emphasize the importance of assessing individual and interpersonal influences and contextual factors on childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin J Grimm
- REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Cady Berkel
- Palliative Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Department of Integrated Behavioral Health Services, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Justin D Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Branscum P, Lora K, Hernandez DC. Examining Determinants and Co-associations Between Fruit and Vegetable and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Monitoring Practices Among a Sample of Low-Income Hispanic Mothers. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:650-659. [PMID: 31916191 PMCID: PMC7338240 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00695-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of obesity is complex, and a growing body of research suggests that changing two or more behaviors at the same time will likely have a stronger impact than changing one behavior in isolation. A lack of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and high sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption are two behaviors related to childhood obesity in the Hispanic community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate theory-based determinants of monitoring practices of FV and SSB among Hispanic mothers with young children using the reasoned action approach. The study also examined the co-associations among the theoretical antecedents for both behaviors. Surveys were distributed in several community settings to urban Hispanic mothers (n = 238) of 2-5-year-old children. Surveys assessed FV and SSB monitoring practices, attitudes, perceived norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions. Two models were evaluated using structural equation modeling: attitudes, perceived norms, and PBC of both behaviors were associated with intentions for both behaviors, and PBC and intentions were associated with monitoring practices of FV and SSB. Both models had adequate fit (FV (CFI = 0.973; GFI = 0.980; RMSEA = 0.121); SSB (CFI = 0.994; GFI = 0.993; RMSEA = 0.066)). PBC for both FV and SSB monitoring was significantly associated with SSB monitoring, whereas FV intentions was only significantly associated with FV monitoring. Results from this study gives evidence that among Hispanic mothers, FV and SSB monitoring behaviors are interrelated. To promote SSB monitoring, more implementation strategies (i.e., skills-based interventions) are warranted, whereas to promote FV monitoring, motivational strategies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Branscum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, 420 S. Oak Street, Phillips Hall 202P, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
| | - Karina Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daphne C Hernandez
- Cizik School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bendor CD, Bardugo A, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Afek A, Twig G. Cardiovascular morbidity, diabetes and cancer risk among children and adolescents with severe obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:79. [PMID: 32534575 PMCID: PMC7293793 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe obesity among children and adolescents is a significant global public health concern. The prevalence has markedly increased over the last decades, becoming common in many countries. Overwhelming rates of obesity among youth have prompted efforts to identify an evidence-based immediate- and long-term cardiometabolic risk factor profile in childhood-onset severe obesity, and to highlight gaps that require further investigation. The PubMed database was systematically searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded 831 results, of which 60 fulfilled stringent criteria and were summarized in this review. The definition of severe obesity was variable, with only one half the publications using the definition BMI > 120% of the 95th percentile. Point estimates of the prevalence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor in children with severe obesity reportedly range from 67 to 86%. Cross-sectional studies indicate that children and adolescents with severe obesity are at greater risk than those with mild obesity for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia, already at childhood and adolescence. Robust epidemiological data on the long-term risk and actual point estimates in adulthood are lacking for these diseases as well as for other diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease and cancer). Recent longitudinal studies indicate an increased risk for cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in adulthood for adolescents with severe obesity compared to those with mild obesity. Given the alarming increase in the prevalence of severe obesity, the persistence of adiposity from childhood to adulthood and the precarious course of young adults with chronic comorbidities, the economic and clinical services burden on the healthcare system is expected to rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole D Bendor
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Academy and Research Division, Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aya Bardugo
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Academy and Research Division, Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Academy and Research Division, Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Institute of Endocrinology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Haycraft E, Witcomb GL, Farrow C. The Child Feeding Guide: A digital health intervention for reducing controlling child feeding practices and maternal anxiety over time. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - G. L. Witcomb
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - C. Farrow
- School of Life and Health Sciences Aston University Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zachurzok A, Ranke MB, Flehmig B, Jakubek-Kipa K, Marcinkiewicz K, Mazur A, Petriczko E, Pridzun L, von Schnurbein J, Walczak M, Malecka-Tendera E, Wabitsch M, Brandt S. Relative leptin deficiency in children with severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) - results of the Early-onset Obesity and Leptin - German-Polish Study (EOL-GPS). J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:255-263. [PMID: 31927523 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) in children is a common feature of monogenic obesity. Gene defects of the leptin-melanocortin pathway can be analysed biochemically and genetically. The aim of this study was to search for children with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in a cohort of children with SEOO and to study associations between leptin parameters and anthropometric data. Methods The cohort included n = 50 children with SEOO (22 boys) who were recruited at one of four study centres (Germany: Ulm; Poland: Katowice, Szczecin, Rzeszow) between October 2015 and October 2017. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured, Tanner stage was obtained and a fasting serum blood sample was taken. Serum levels of total leptin (LEP, ng/mL), biologically active leptin (bioLEP, ng/mL) and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR, ng/mL) were measured. The body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]), BMI z-score (World Health Organization [WHO]), quotient of bioLEP/LEP and leptin-standard deviation score (LEP-SDS) (Tanner stage, BMI and sex-adjusted) were calculated. Results We did not find any child with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in our cohort. The serum LEP and bioLEP levels were strongly correlated with age (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001). Girls had higher LEP and bioLEP levels (49.7 ± 35.9 vs. 37.1 ± 25.5 ng/mL, p > 0.05) as well as lower LEP-SDS than boys (-1.77 ± 2.61 vs. -1.40 ± 2.60, p > 0.05). sLEPR levels were negatively correlated with BMI values (r = -0.44; p < 0.05), LEP (r = -0.39; p < 0.05) and bioLEP levels (r = -0.37; p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a strong inverse relationship between LEP-SDS and BMI (r = -0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions In this cohort with SEOO, we identified no new cases of children with leptin deficiency or bioinactive leptin. A strong negative correlation between the LEP-SDS and BMI values could be interpreted as relative leptin deficiency in children with SEOO. In case this hypothesis can be confirmed, these children would benefit from a substitution therapy with methionyl human leptin (metreleptin™).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Katarzyna Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- University of Rzeszow, Department of Pediatrics, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Petriczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Disorders and Cardiology of Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mieczyslaw Walczak
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Malecka-Tendera
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Z, Liew J, Yeh YC, Perez M. Appetitive Traits and Weight in Children: Evidence for Parents' Controlling Feeding Practices as Mediating Mechanisms. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2019; 181:1-13. [PMID: 31684838 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2019.1682506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Children's food approach and food avoidance are appetitive traits with genetic or biological bases. Nonetheless, parents play a critical role in children's dietary intake through parenting and feeding practices. The present study tested parents' controlling feeding practices (i.e., restriction and pressure to eat) as mediating mechanisms between child appetitive traits and child BMI in an economically and ethnically diverse sample. Participants were 139 children aged 4 to 6 years (51.8% males, M = 4.77 years, SD = 0.84) and their parents. Results showed that restriction and pressure to eat mediated the relation between child food approach or food avoidance and child BMI. Mediation effects did not differ across poverty status or racial/ethnic groups. Also, the type of controlling feeding that parents exert related to children's weight status in diametrically different or opposite ways. Thus, food-related parenting appears to be a promising point of entry for childhood obesity prevention programs. Findings are consistent with a biopsychosocial model of the development of eating and weight in childhood which takes into account both parent and child behavior and characteristics and links child biology and behavior with psychosocial processes and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhou
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Yeh
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Glover M, Wong SF, Fa'alili-Fidow J, Derraik JGB, Taylor RW, Morton SMB, Tautolo ES, Cutfield WS. Ranked Importance of Childhood Obesity Determinants: Parents' Views across Ethnicities in New Zealand. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092145. [PMID: 31500336 PMCID: PMC6769712 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Māori, Pacific, Indian, and New Zealand European pre-school children’s caregivers’ views on determinants of childhood obesity are needed to inform strategies that will reduce disparities in prevalence. Nineteen focus groups were conducted to explore the relative influence of factors contributing to body weight in children. Predetermined and participant-suggested factors were ranked. Discussion data were inductively analysed. The cost of healthy foods was the highest ranked factor across all groups. Ranked similarly were ease of access to takeaways and lack of time for food preparation. Cultural factors followed by screen time induced sedentariness in children and lack of time to ensure children exercised was next. Participant-raised factors included lack of familial, social, and health promotion support, and others’ behaviour and attitudes negatively impacting what children ate. All groups rejected stereotyping that blamed culture for higher obesity rates. Compared to the Māori and NZ European groups, the Pacific Island and Indian participants spoke of losing culture, missing extended family support, and not having access to culturally appropriate nutrition education or social support and services. Public health policies need to mitigate the negative effects of economic deprivation on food insecurity. Complementary interventions that increase access to healthier meal choices more often are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marewa Glover
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Sally F Wong
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Jacinta Fa'alili-Fidow
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- TAHA Well Pacific Mother and Infant Service, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - José G B Derraik
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Susan M B Morton
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Centre for Longitudinal Research-He Ara ki Mua, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland 1743, New Zealand.
| | - El Shadan Tautolo
- Centre for Pacific Health & Development Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Wayne S Cutfield
- A Better Start-National Science Challenge, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fávaro TR, Ferreira AA, Cunha GMD, Coimbra CEA. [Excess weight in Xukuru indigenous children in Ororubá, Pernambuco State, Brazil: magnitude and associated factors]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35Suppl 3:e00056619. [PMID: 31433030 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00056619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The few studies on health and nutrition in indigenous peoples in Northeast Brazil point to some differences with indigenous peoples in the North and Central of the country. This study estimated the prevalence rates and risk of overweight and excess weight in Xukuru children in the village of Ororubá, Pernambuco State, and assessed the socioeconomic and demographic factors potentially associated with these conditions. This cross-sectional study analyzed the associations between adequate weight, excess weight (overweight and obesity), and risk of overweight according to the indices and cutoff points of the World Health Organization for children and the explanatory variables, using multinomial logistic regression. Prevalence of excess weight was 7.7% and risk of overweight was 24.2%. The odds of risk of overweight and excess weight were higher in children < 2 years. Children of obese mothers showed higher odds of excess weight. Prevalence of risk of overweight was 97% higher when compared to households with fixed income. The findings suggest that the Xukuru are experiencing an accelerated nutritional transition, with a paradoxical situation to which other indigenous peoples in Brazil are also exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Alves Ferreira
- Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos E A Coimbra
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
East P, Delker E, Blanco E, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Home and Family Environment Related to Development of Obesity: A 21-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Obes 2019; 15:156-166. [PMID: 30676769 PMCID: PMC6442262 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life conditions are important for the development of obesity. We hypothesized that home and family characteristics reflective of less supportive environments during childhood will be associated with higher adult BMI and faster BMI growth between ages 5 and 21 years. We also examined the timing and acceleration of BMI increase by adult weight status (normal weight, overweight, obese, and extremely obese) to discern how BMI increase differs across group and across time. METHODS BMI was assessed in 1000 Chilean youth (52% female) at ages 5, 10, 15, and 21 years. Latent growth curve analysis modeled BMI trajectories from 5 to 21 years. Observer and maternal ratings assessed children's home and family environments and parenting at 1 and 10 years. RESULTS The four weight groups differed in acceleration of BMI increase starting at age 5, with bigger children getting bigger faster. Higher 21-year BMI related to family stress, father absence, maternal depression, frequent child confinement (in playpen), an unclean home environment at 1 year, and low provision for active stimulation and few stimulating experiences at 10 years. Accelerated BMI increase related to lower learning stimulation in the home at 1 year and less parental warmth and acceptance at child age 10. CONCLUSIONS Home and family characteristics that reflect an absence of support for children's development were associated with overweight/obesity in young adulthood and accelerated BMI growth. Findings identify several home and family characteristics that can serve as preventive or intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia East
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Erin Delker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Estela Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center of Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Center of Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
El Halal CDS, Nunes ML. Sleep and weight-height development. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95 Suppl 1:2-9. [PMID: 30528567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the association between sleep duration and weight-height development in children and adolescents. SOURCE OF DATA A non-systematic search in the MEDLINE database was performed using the terms anthropometry, body composition, overweight, obesity, body mass index, growth, length, short stature, sleep, children, and infants and adolescents, limited to the last 5 years. The references cited in the revised articles were also reviewed, when relevant. SYNTHESIS OF DATA Sleep disorders are prevalent in the pediatric population. Among them, insomnia, which leads to a reduction in total sleep time, is the most prevalent disorder. Evidence found in the current literature allows the conclusion that sleep time reduction has a role in the current pandemic of overweight and obesity. Studies associating sleep deprivation and deficit in height growth are still insufficient. CONCLUSIONS The association between shorter sleep duration and risk of overweight and obesity is well established for all pediatric age groups. However, more evidence is needed to establish an association between insufficient sleep duration and height growth deficit. Pediatricians should include the encouragement of healthy sleep habits in their routine guidelines as an adjuvant in the prevention and management of excess weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magda Lahorgue Nunes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Neurociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (InsCer), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Woolford SJ, Hassink S, Eneli I. The Young Child with Severe Obesity: Commentary on the Characteristics of a Vulnerable Population and a Framework for Treatment. Child Obes 2018; 14:441-442. [PMID: 30240287 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Woolford
- 1 Child Health and Evaluation Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sandra Hassink
- 2 American Academy of Pediatrics Institute on Healthy Childhood Weight , Elk Grove Village, IL
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- 3 Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|