Meta-analysis of the NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 gene 609 C>T polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk

The NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene 609 C>T polymorphism is associated with gastric cancer risk: evidence from a case-control study and a meta-analysis

The association between the

NAD(P)H

quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene C609T polymorphism (rs1800566) and gastric cancer has been widely evaluated, but a definitive answer is so far lacking. We first conducted a case-control study to assess this association in a large Han Chinese population, and then performed a meta-analysis to further address this issue. Although our case-control association study indicated no significant difference in the genotype and allele distributions of C609T polymorphism between gastric cancer patients and controls, in the meta analysis involving 4,000 subjects, comparison of alleles 609T and 609C indicated a significantly increased risk (46%) for gastric cancer (95% confidence interval (95%CI) for odds ratio (OR)=1.20- 1.79) in individuals with the T allele. The tendency was similar to the homozygote (OR=1.81, 95%CI: 1.16-2.84), dominant models (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.12-1.79), as well as recessive model (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.06-2.35). Stratified analysis by study design demonstrated stronger associations in population-based than in hospital-based studies. And ethnicity-based analysis demonstrated a significant association in Asians. We conclude that the NQO1 gene C609T polymorphism increases the risk for gastric cancer, especially in Asian populations.

NQO1 C609T polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION

A FEW STUDIES HAVE REPORTED AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NADP(H): quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the results were inconsistent rather than conclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to examine this association in various populations.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Eligible articles were identified by a search of several databases up until June 30, 2013. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association.

RESULTS

Overall, 14 case-control studies with 4,461 cases and 5,474 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC susceptibility (summary ORs (95% CIs): 1.30 (1.07-1.59) for CT vs. CC, 1.64 (1.15-2.33) for TT vs. CC, 1.34 (1.10-1.64) for TT/CT vs. CC, and 1.43 (1.10-1.87) for TT vs. CT/CC). Subgroup analyses indicated that the T allele was significantly associated with CRC susceptibility in both Asians and Caucasians, and was also observed in high quality studies and hospital-based case-control studies. Specifically, we found a positive association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and CRC susceptibility in smokers, but not in non-smokers.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism significantly contributes to increased susceptibility to CRC in both Asians and Caucasians.

Genetic polymorphism 609C>T in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 enhances the risk of proximal colon cancer

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is responsible for the majority of deaths among all types of cancer. Lifestyle factors may not only be the main risk factor for GI cancer but reactive oxygen species (ROS) may also be involved. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 609C>T (rs1800566) and 465C>T (rs1131341) in the

NAD(P)H

quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) gene lead to a decline in NQO1 enzyme activity. NQO1 catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones, thereby preventing the formation of ROS. Such polymorphisms in NQO1 may increase the risk of GI cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the SNPs rs1800566 and rs1131341 in the NQO1 gene on the risk of GI cancer in the Netherlands. Real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques were conducted to determine the NQO1 genotypes of 1457 patients with GI cancer and 1457 age- and gender-matched controls in a case-control study. Binary logistic regression analyses showed no statistically significant difference in genotype distributions between patients and controls: odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for rs1800566 were 1.09 (0.93-1.28) and 1.17 (0.77-1.77) for the CT and TT genotypes, respectively. ORs for rs1131341 CT and TT genotypes were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) and 0.54 (0.05-5.94), respectively. For rs1800566, a significant association between the CT genotype and proximal colon cancer was detected (OR=1.60; 95% CI=1.09-2.35). The NQO1*2 T allele of SNP rs1800566 was found associated with an increased risk for proximal colorectal cancer, whereas SNP rs1131341 was rare in our Dutch population and was not associated with GI cancer.

The NQO1 C609T polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk

NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzyme plays a crucial role in the protection against oxidative stress. The polymorphism of NQO1 C609T has been implicated in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the findings were inconsistent due to different ethnicity, sample size, and source of controls in individual studies. To better estimate the association of NQO1 C609T polymorphism with HCC risk, we performed a meta-analysis of all currently available studies on the susceptibility to HCC. The meta-analysis included three independent studies with a total of 1, 595 subjects. The association was assessed under five different gene models. The overall analysis suggested that the variant allele and genotypes were significantly related to increased risk of HCC (ORT vs. C = 1.47, 95 % CI 1.07-2.00, P OR = 0.016; ORTT vs. CC = 2.06, 95 % CI 1.06-3.98, P OR = 0.032; ORTC vs. CC = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.06-1.67, P OR = 0.012; ORTT + TC vs. CC = 1.46, 95 % CI 1.19-1.81, P OR < 0.001; ORTT vs. CC + TC = 1.62, 95 % CI 1.25-2.09, P OR < 0.001). Stratified analyses in Asians and hospital-based case-control studies further demonstrated the significant correlation. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of these findings. Our study firstly shows that individuals carrying the NQO1 C609T variant allele and genotypes are more susceptible to HCC, particularly for Asians.

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphism association with digestive tract cancer: a meta-analysis

NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T gene polymorphisms have been reported to influence the risk for digestive tract cancer (DTC) in many studies; however, the results remain controversial and ambiguous. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis of published case-control studies to derive a more precise estimation of any associations. Electronic searches were conducted on links between this variant and DTC in several databases through April 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of associations in fixed or random effect models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. A total of 21 case-control studies were identified, including 6,198 cases and 7,583 controls. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and DTC risk (TT vs. CC: OR=1.224, 95%CI=1.055-1.421; TT/CT vs. CC: OR=1.195, 95%CI=1.073-1.330; TT vs. CT/CC: OR=1.183, 95%CI=1.029-1.359; T vs. C: OR=1.180, 95%CI=1.080-1.290). When stratified for tumor location, the results based on all studies showed the variant allele 609T might have a significantly increased risk of upper digest tract cancer (UGIC), but not colorectal cancer. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we observed a significantly risk for DTC in Caucasians. For esophageal and gastric cancer, a significantly risk was found in both populations, and for colorectal, a weak risk was observed in Caucasians, but not Asians. This meta-analysis suggested that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism may increase the risk of DTC, especially in the upper gastric tract.

NQO1 C609T polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis

Background

Many studies have been carried out to test the hypothesis that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism might be associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. However, the results are poorly consistent, partly due to genetic or other sources of heterogeneity. To investigate the association between this polymorphism and the risk of esophageal cancer, a meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of association. The frequency of the putative risk allele in the controls was estimated by the inverse-variance method. Cochran’s Q statistic and the inconsistency index (I²) were used to check heterogeneity. Egger’s test and an inverted funnel plot were used to assess the publication bias.

Results

Our study included eight published case-control studies about the NQO1 C609T polymorphism and esophageal cancer, including a total of 1,217 esophageal cancer patients and 1,560 controls. Overall, a significant association was found between the NQO1 C609T variant and esophageal cancer under a recessive model (OR = 1.647; 95% CI = 1.233-2.200). Regarding histological type, more significant evidence was found for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.29-3.19) than esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.01-2.56) under a recessive model.

Conclusions

The meta-analysis suggests that the NQO1 C609T polymorphism considerably increases the risk of esophageal cancer.

Cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism is a risk factor for esophageal cancer among Asians

Investigations concerning the association of Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A polymorphism with esophageal cancer risk have generated conflicting results. Thus, meta-analyses were conducted. The overall data suggest that CCND1 G870A variation might have an association with increased esophageal cancer susceptibility. In subgroup analyses on ethnicity, homozygous AA alleles might elevate esophageal cancer risk among Asians but not Caucasians. In subgroup analysis on histological types, no association was found in either the adenocarcinoma or the squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Collectively, results suggest that CCND1 G870A polymorphism might be a low-penetrant risk factor for esophageal carcinoma, particularly among Asians.