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Adzdzakiy MM, Sutarno S, Asyifa IZ, Sativa AR, Fiqri AR, Fibriani A, Ristandi RB, Ningrum RA, Iryanto SB, Prasetyoputri A, Dharmayanthi AB, Saputra S. SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation and bacterial communities of naso-oropharyngeal samples in middle-aged and elderly COVID-19 patients in West Java, Indonesia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:70-81. [PMID: 37868100 PMCID: PMC10589881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia reflects the disease severity and rapid dissemination. In response to the mounting threat, SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and the investigation of naso-oropharyngeal bacterial communities in West Java were conducted, as dysbiosis of the upper respiratory tract microbiota might adversely affect the clinical condition of patients. Methods We utilized the Oxford Nanopore sequencing platform to analyze genetic variation of 43 samples of SARS-CoV-2 and 11 selected samples for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, using samples collected from May to August 2021. Results The prevalence of AY.23 (>82%) predominated among five virus lineages in the populations (AY.23, AY.24, AY.26, AY.42, B.1.1.7). The region in the SARS-CoV-2 genome found to have the highest number of mutations was the spike (S) protein (>20%). There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 lineages, mutation frequency, patient profile, and COVID-19 rapid spread-categorized cases. There was no association of bacterial relative abundance, alpha-beta diversity, and linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis with patient profile and rapid spread cases. MetagenomeSeq analysis showed eight differential abundance species in individual patient profiles, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Conclusions The data demonstrated relevant AY.23 dominance (the Delta variant) in West Java during that period supporting the importance of surveillance program in monitoring disease progression. The inconsistent results of the bacterial communities suggest that a complex multifactor process may contribute to the progression of bacterial-induced disease in each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M. Adzdzakiy
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutarno Sutarno
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Isnaini Z. Asyifa
- Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alvira R. Sativa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad R.A. Fiqri
- Master Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azzania Fibriani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ryan B. Ristandi
- West Java Health Laboratory, Jl. Sederhana No. 3-5, Pasteur, Sukajadi, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ratih A. Ningrum
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Syam B. Iryanto
- Research Center for Computation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anggia Prasetyoputri
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anik B. Dharmayanthi
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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Shahali A, Soltani R, Akbari V. Probiotic Lactobacillus and the potential risk of spreading antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:468-477. [PMID: 37842520 PMCID: PMC10568962 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.383703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Lactobacillus, the most popular probiotic, has recently gained more attention because it is a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance. This review summarized and discussed the phenotypic-genotypic characteristics of antibiotic resistance. Experimental approach Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to February 2022. The inclusion criteria were all studies testing antibiotic resistance of probiotic Lactobacillus strains present in human food supplementation and all human/animal model studies in which transferring antibiotic-resistant genes from Lactobacillus strains to another bacterium were investigated. Findings/Results Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Lactobacillus probiotics showed that the most antibiotic resistance was against protein synthesis inhibitors (fourteen studies, 87.5%) and cell wall synthesis inhibitors (ten studies, 62.5%). Nine of these studies reported the transfer of antibiotic resistance from Lactobacillus probiotic as donor species to pathogenic bacteria and mostly used in vitro methods for resistance gene transfer. Conclusion and implications The transferability of resistance genes such as tet and erm in Lactobacillus increases the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance. Further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the potential spread of antibiotic resistance traits via probiotics, especially in elderly people and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rasool Soltani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Limosilactobacillus reuteri Regulating Intestinal Function: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have extensive use in daily life, due to the function of the changing intestinal metabolism and material conversion processes, wherein they remodel the intestinal microbiota, regulate the intestinal function and affect the organism’s health. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), originally discovered in breast milk and currently reported to be present within the gut of almost all vertebrates and mammals, is an intestinal probiotic with prebiotic efficacy. Most L. reuteri have good intestinal colonization and bacteriocin secretion abilities, which can increase the expression of the mucin (mucoprotein) genes 2 MUC2 and MUC13, which in turn promote the development and maturation of intestinal organoids, and augment mucin secretion. In enteritis patients, L. reuteri downregulates α Tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-12 expression to attenuate inflammation. It also induces the host’s production of immunoglobulin A (IGA), which manipulates the intestinal microbial community, inhibiting the growth of pathogens. L. reuteri has been widely used in daily life. with in-depth studies having been conducted on the prebiotic effects of L. reuteri. However, the complexity of its application in a clinical setting is still unclear because the pathogenesis of various diseases still requires a large amount of data and theoretical support.
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Yarahmadi N, Halimi S, Moradi P, Zamanian MH, Rezaei A, Vaziri S, Akya A, Alvandi A, Yazdani S, Ghadimi D, Moradi J. Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Lactobacilli in Sepsis Patients with Long-Term Antibiotic Therapy. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:318. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Moradi J, Fathollahi M, Halimi S, Alvandi A, Abiri R, Vaziri S, Rezaei A. Characterization of resistome in Lactobacillus genomic sequences from the human gut. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:451-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in lactobacilli: something to carefully consider. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Nunziata L, Brasca M, Morandi S, Silvetti T. Antibiotic resistance in wild and commercial non-enterococcal Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria strains of dairy origin: An update. Food Microbiol 2022; 104:103999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Fusco V, Fanelli F, Chieffi D. Authenticity of probiotic foods and dietary supplements: A pivotal issue to address. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6854-6871. [PMID: 33819118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The market of probiotic foods and supplements is growing rapidly but frequently the commercialized products are not compliant with their labels in terms of claimed probiotic strain(s) and labeled number of viable probiotic cells, thus mining the authenticity of these probiotic products.In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of: (i) the current regulatory aspects, (ii) the consistency of probiotic foods and supplements with their labels, (iii) the implications of mislabeling on the quality, safety and functionality of these products and (iv) the available and most promising methods to assess the authenticity of these products, taking into account the need to discriminate among the different physiological states probiotics might be in the carrier matrices. It arises that authenticity of probiotic foods and supplements is an urgent issue, of industrial and legislation relevance, that need to be addressed. A plethora of methods are available to reach this goal, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Protocols that combine the use of propidium monoazide (PMA) with metagenomics or polyphasic approaches including the PMA real time PCR or flow cytometry (for the viability assessment) and the whole genome sequence analysis (for the identification and typing of the probiotic strain) are the most promising that should be standardized and used by producers and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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9
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Lazarenko L, Bubnov R, Babenko L, Melnykova O, Spivak M. Methodical approaches of estimation of probiotics` quality and rational principles of their usage in clinical practice. SCIENCERISE: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15587/2519-8025.2020.202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Oliveira Coelho B, Magalhães Júnior AI, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2060-2076. [PMID: 30266342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
International competition within the dairy market and increasing public awareness about the importance of functional food consumption are providing new challenges for innovation in the probiotic sector. In this context, countless references are currently dedicated to the selection and characterization of new species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria. In general, these studies adopt basic selection criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO), including host-associated stress resistance, epithelium adhesion ability, and antimicrobial activity. These aspects are applied to ensure that the candidate probiotic could withstand the stressful conditions of the human digestive system and exert functional proprieties. However, it cannot be assumed that these novel microbial strains are capable of offering several biological benefits attributed to probiotics. Additionally, safety-associated selection criteria, such as plasmid-associated antibiotic resistance spreading and enterotoxin production, are often neglected. This article reviews the recent developments in the processes, strategies, and methods, such as anticarcinogenic, antidepression, antianxiety, antiobesity, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, and cholesterol-lowering assessments, to select probiotic strains with the ultimate objective of assisting future probiotic microbe evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Coelho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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11
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Probiotics and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: A review and new evidence on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during and after antibiotic treatment. Pharmacol Res 2018; 128:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Imperial ICVJ, Ibana JA. Addressing the Antibiotic Resistance Problem with Probiotics: Reducing the Risk of Its Double-Edged Sword Effect. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1983. [PMID: 28018315 PMCID: PMC5156686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem that requires our attention. Indiscriminate antibiotic use is a major contributor in the introduction of selective pressures in our natural environments that have significantly contributed in the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. The use of probiotics in lieu of antibiotic therapy to address certain health conditions in both animals and humans may alleviate these antibiotic-mediated selective pressures. Probiotic use is defined as the actual application of live beneficial microbes to obtain a desired outcome by preventing diseased state or improving general health. Multiple studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of probiotic use in the health of both livestock and humans. As such, probiotics consumption is gaining popularity worldwide. However, concerns have been raised in the use of some probiotics strains that carry antibiotic resistance genes themselves, as they have the potential to pass the antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, with the current public health concern on antibiotic resistance globally, in this review, we underscore the need to screen probiotic strains that are used in both livestock and human applications to assure their safety and mitigate their potential in significantly contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in our natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C V J Imperial
- Immunopharmacology Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Joyce A Ibana
- Immunopharmacology Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
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13
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A Novel Selective Medium for Isolation of Bacteroides fragilis from Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:384-390. [PMID: 27852672 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01988-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel Bacteroides fragilis selective (BFS) medium, consisting of a brain heart infusion agar base supplemented with yeast extract, cysteine hydrochloride, bile salts, vitamin K, hemin, glucose, esculin, ferric ammonium citrate, bromothymol blue, gentamicin, kanamycin, and novobiocin, was evaluated. When BFS agar was tested with a collection of 303 bacteria of different genera, it allowed the growth of B. fragilis as large yellow colonies, with blackening of the medium after 48 h of anaerobic incubation, while the growth of most other anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, and aerobes was inhibited. In a prospective comparison of BFS agar with a routinely used medium (neomycin blood agar) in 1,209 clinical specimens, 60 B. fragilis bacteria were detected on BFS agar while 46 were detected on the routine agar (McNemar's test, P = 0.008). In conclusion, this novel medium may be added to improve the recovery of B. fragilis in clinical specimens and to facilitate surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant strains.
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14
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González-Ferrero C, Sáiz-Abajo MJ. Characterization and stability studies of bioactive compounds and food matrices as evidence in support of health claims. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 66 Suppl 1:S4-S12. [PMID: 26241010 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1042843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The characterization and stability evaluation of food and food constituents (chemical active ingredient/microorganism) for which nutrition or health claims want to be requested are essential for the success of an application to EFSA. This work reviews the requirements that must be fulfilled for a full characterization of the active substance, comprising origin, elaboration, or extraction method, and chemical/microbiological composition, using validated analytical methods. The review focuses not only on establishing the specifications of the final active ingredient or food but also on ensuring homogeneity between batches. In addition, the article discusses the methodologies and conditions of the stability studies that need to be performed on food and food constituents to verify that the relevant compounds--chemical and microbiological active ingredients--will get to the consumer in the intended state and concentration to accomplish the claimed health effect over shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina González-Ferrero
- Centro Nacional de Tecnología y Seguridad Alimentaria - CNTA , Food Ingredients - R&D&I, San Adrián , Spain
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15
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Abriouel H, Casado Muñoz MDC, Lavilla Lerma L, Pérez Montoro B, Bockelmann W, Pichner R, Kabisch J, Cho GS, Franz CMAP, Gálvez A, Benomar N. New insights in antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus species from fermented foods. Food Res Int 2015; 78:465-481. [PMID: 28433315 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Casado Muñoz
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Leyre Lavilla Lerma
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez Montoro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bockelmann
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rohtraud Pichner
- Hochschule Fulda, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany
| | - Jan Kabisch
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gyu-Sung Cho
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Charles M A P Franz
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071-Jaén, Spain
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van den Nieuwboer M, Brummer RJ, Guarner F, Morelli L, Cabana M, Claassen E. Safety of probiotics and synbiotics in children under 18 years of age. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:615-30. [PMID: 25809217 DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically evaluate safety of probiotics and synbiotics in children ageing 0-18 years. This study is the third and final part in a safety trilogy and an update is provided using the most recent available clinical data (2008-2013) by means of the Common Terminology Clinical Adverse Events (CTCAE version 4.0) classification. Safety aspects are represented and related to number of participants per probiotic strain/culture, study duration, dosage, clinical condition and selected afflictions. Analysis of 74 clinical studies indicated that probiotic and/or synbiotic administration in children is safe with regard to the specific evaluated strains, dosages and duration. The population of children include healthy, immune compromised and obese subjects, as well as subjects with intestinal disorders, infections and inflammatory disorders. This study revealed no major safety concerns, as the adverse events (AEs) were unrelated, or not suspected to be related, to the probiotic or synbiotic product. In general the study products were well tolerated. Overall, AEs occurred more frequent in the control arm compared to children receiving probiotics and/or synbiotics. Furthermore, the results indicate inadequate reporting and classification of AEs in the majority of the studies. In addition, generalizability of conclusions are greatly limited by the inconsistent, imprecise and potentially incomplete reporting as well as the variation in probiotic strains, dosages, administration regimes, study populations and reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van den Nieuwboer
- 1 VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J Brummer
- 2 School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - F Guarner
- 3 Digestive System Research Unit, CIBERehd, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Morelli
- 4 Istituto di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica S.C., Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - M Cabana
- 5 University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 3333 California Street, #245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - E Claassen
- 1 VU University Amsterdam, Athena Institute, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,6 Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Viroscience, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Water-Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2014; 6:141-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-014-9166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Blanch AR, Méndez J, Castel S, Reina M. Comparison of procedures for the extraction of supernatants and cytotoxicity tests in Vero cells, applied to assess the toxigenic potential of Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp., intended for use as probiotic strains. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 103:64-9. [PMID: 24938520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interest in using Bacillus strains as probiotic components of animal feeds has grown in recent years. However, some of these strains, especially those taxonomically related to the Bacillus cereus group, may have enterotoxigenic activity. Assessment of their toxigenic potential by well-established and robust protocols is required before authorizing their use in animal nutrition. Three methods of extraction and concentration of supernatants of Bacillus and Lactobacillus strains (methanol extraction, ammonium sulphate and ultrafiltration concentration) and three cytotoxic tests in Vero cells (WST-1, LDH and protein synthesis inhibition assays) for the assessment of the cytotoxicity activity of Lactobacillus strains (as probiotic strains in human and animal nutrition) and Bacillus toyonensis BCT-7112(T) (as animal probiotic strain in animal nutrition-Toyocerin®-) were evaluated in this study. Methanol extraction was not useful under any circumstances. The other two concentration methods (ammonium sulphate and ultrafiltration) were feasible, with slightly greater sensitivity achieved by ultrafiltration. The probiotic strain B. toyonensis BCT-7112(T) proved to be a non-cytotoxic strain in all the protocols tested. However, some Lactobacillus strains showed cytotoxicity activity, regardless of the protocols applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Javier Méndez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Susana Castel
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Reina
- Celltec-UB, Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Aazami N, Salehi Jouzani G, Khodaei Z, Meimandipour A, Safari M, Goudarzvand M. Characterization of some potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from Iranian native chickens. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2014; 60:215-21. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.60.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Aazami
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
- Microbial Biotechnology & Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)
| | - Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
- Microbial Biotechnology & Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)
| | - Zohreh Khodaei
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences
| | - Amir Meimandipour
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB)
| | - Mohammad Safari
- Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Technological characterisation, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of wild-type Leuconostoc strains isolated from North Italian traditional cheeses. J DAIRY RES 2013; 80:457-66. [PMID: 24067095 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029913000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genotypic and technological properties, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of 35 Leuconostoc strains, isolated from different Italian raw milk cheeses, were investigated. RAPD-PCR was used to study genetic variability and to distinguish closely related strains. The results showed a high degree of heterogeneity among isolates. All the strains had weak acidifying activity and showed low proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Reduction activity, was generally low. All the Leuconostoc were susceptible to ampicillin, mupirocin, erythromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline. Many strains were classified as resistant to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantonin, while all isolates were found resistant to vancomycin. PCR-based detection did not identify any of the common genetic determinants for vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2, vanC3, vanD, vanE, vanG) or erythromycin (ermB and ermC). Tetracycline resistance genes were detected in 25 tetracycline susceptible strains, the most frequent one being tetM. One strain, belonging to Ln. pseudomesenteroides species, was positive for the presence of the int gene of the Tn916/Tn1545 trasposon family. This is the first time the conjugative transposon Tn916 has been detected inside the Leuconostoc species. All strains showed antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Ent. faecium. The presence of genes encoding amino-acid decarboxylases (hdc and tdc) was not detected. Some strains are interesting in view of their use in cheese production as starter and non starter cultures.
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Lactobacillus fermentum, a pathogen in documented cholecystitis. Int J Surg Case Rep 2013; 4:662-4. [PMID: 23792476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lactobacillus species are probiotics proven to exhibit various preventative as well as therapeutic properties. While lactobacillus species have been implicated in the formation of dental caries, endocarditis and bacteremia, their role as pathogens in cholecystitis has not been reported. We present a rare case of Lactobacillus fermentum working as a pathogen in cholecystitis. PRESENTATION OF CASE An 81-year old male was admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. His signs, symptoms, laboratory values and imaging were consistent with a diagnosis of cholecystitis with ascending cholangitis. In view of his co-morbidity and severe sepsis, the patient was treated non-operatively with antibiotics and cholecystostomy. L. fermentum, which was vancomycin resistant, was identified from the cholecystostomy aspirate and from anaerobic blood culture. The patient went into septic shock, developed multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and eventually died. DISCUSSION Commensal bacteria such as L. fermentum are known to modulate immunity, reduce the pathogenicity of gastrointestinal organisms and play a therapeutic role in various disease processes. We isolated L. fermentum as a pathogen in a documented case of cholecystitis with ascending cholangitis. CONCLUSION While the routine use lactobacillus species as a probiotic is supported in the literature, understanding its potential role as a pathogen may allow more judicious use of these bacteria and encourage research to elucidate the pathogenicity of lactobacillus species.
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Romani Vestman N, Hasslöf P, Keller MK, Granström E, Roos S, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C. Lactobacillus reuteri influences regrowth of mutans streptococci after full-mouth disinfection: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Caries Res 2013; 47:338-45. [PMID: 23486236 DOI: 10.1159/000347233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed whether the persistence of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 in saliva could delay the regrowth of mutans streptococci (MS) after a full-mouth disinfection with chlorhexidine (CHX). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a 6-week intervention period and 3- and 6-month follow-up was performed. 62 healthy subjects with moderate to high counts of MS were randomly assigned to a test group (n = 32) or a placebo group (n = 30). Before onset of the intervention, subjects received two sessions of professional cleaning, flossing, and application of CHX varnish and rinsed their mouth with a CHX solution between the sessions (2 days). Thereafter, the test group used probiotic lozenges (2/day) containing L. reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289; 1 × 10(8) CFU of each strain), and the placebo group used identical lozenges lacking the lactobacilli. Saliva samples were collected and cultured onto selective media, and isolates of L. reuteri as well as DNA directly extracted from saliva were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. Presence of salivary MS was analysed with a chair-side test. L. reuteri was frequently detected by culture during the intervention period but in only 3 test group subjects at follow-ups. Regrowth of MS statistically significantly differed depending on the presence or absence of L. reuteri DSM 17938 detected by PCR. We conclude that cultivable L. reuteri strains may only sporadically be confirmed after termination of the intervention, but subjects with PCR-detected L. reuteri demonstrated slower regrowth of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Romani Vestman
- Section of Cariology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE–901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2012 update). EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2011 update). EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Klein G. Molecular characterization of the probiotic strain Bacillus cereus var. toyoi NCIMB 40112 and differentiation from food poisoning strains. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1189-93. [PMID: 21740723 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus var. toyoi strain NCIMB 40112 (Toyocerin), a probiotic authorized in the European Union as feed additive for swine, bovines, poultry, and rabbits, was characterized by DNA fingerprinting applying pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and was compared with reference strains (of clinical and environmental origins). The probiotic strain was clearly characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzymes Apa I and Sma I resulting in unique DNA patterns. The comparison to the clinical reference strain B. cereus DSM 4312 was done with the same restriction enzymes, and again a clear differentiation of the two strains was possible by the resulting DNA patterns. The use of the restriction enzymes Apa I and Sma I is recommended for further studies. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed a sequence type (ST 111) that was different from all known STs of B. cereus strains from food poisoning incidents. Thus, a strain characterization and differentiation from food poisoning strains for the probiotic strain was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in maintaining the normal function of the human gastrointestinal tract. Many probiotics are derived from human gut flora, and have been confirmed to be valuable in the management of gastrointestinal diseases. Probiotic effects are strain-specific, they do not act through the same mechanisms, and nor are all probiotics good for health. Nevertheless, they do have several common characters in that they exert anti-inflammatory effects, they employ different strategies to antagonize competing microorganisms, and they induce cytoprotective changes in the host either through enhancement of barrier function, or through up-regulation of the expression of cytoprotective host proteins. In this review we focus on several probiotics: a Gram-negative probiotic (Escherichia coli Nissle1917), a Gram-positive probiotic bacterium (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG, LGG), a bacterial mixture (VSL#3), and a yeast probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii).
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