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Wang W, Atherton P, Kreft M, te Molder L, van der Poel S, Hoekman L, Celie P, Joosten RP, Fässler R, Perrakis A, Sonnenberg A. Caskin2 is a novel talin- and Abi1-binding protein that promotes cell motility. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262116. [PMID: 38587458 PMCID: PMC11166458 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring collectively to talin 1 and 2) couples the actomyosin cytoskeleton to integrins and transmits tension to the extracellular matrix. Talin also interacts with numerous additional proteins capable of modulating the actin-integrin linkage and thus downstream mechanosignaling cascades. Here, we demonstrate that the scaffold protein Caskin2 interacts directly with the R8 domain of talin through its C-terminal LD motif. Caskin2 also associates with the WAVE regulatory complex to promote cell migration in an Abi1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Caskin2-Abi1 interaction is regulated by growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Caskin2 on serine 878. In MCF7 and UACC893 cells, which contain an amplification of CASKIN2, Caskin2 localizes in plasma membrane-associated plaques and around focal adhesions in cortical microtubule stabilization complexes. Taken together, our results identify Caskin2 as a novel talin-binding protein that might not only connect integrin-mediated adhesion to actin polymerization but could also play a role in crosstalk between integrins and microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Atherton
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa te Molder
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van der Poel
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Celie
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Robbie P. Joosten
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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2
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van Hees EP, Morton LT, Remst DFG, Wouters AK, Van den Eynde A, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MH. Self-sufficient primary natural killer cells engineered to express T cell receptors and interleukin-15 exhibit improved effector function and persistence. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368290. [PMID: 38690288 PMCID: PMC11058644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background NK cells can be genetically engineered to express a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR). This approach offers an alternative strategy to target heterogenous tumors, as NK:TCR cells can eradicate both tumor cells with high expression of HLA class I and antigen of interest or HLA class I negative tumors. Expansion and survival of NK cells relies on the presence of IL-15. Therefore, autonomous production of IL-15 by NK:TCR cells might improve functional persistence of NK cells. Here we present an optimized NK:TCR product harnessed with a construct encoding for soluble IL-15 (NK:TCR/IL-15), to support their proliferation, persistence and cytotoxic capabilities. Methods Expression of tumor-specific TCRs in peripheral blood derived NK-cells was achieved following retroviral transduction. NK:TCR/IL-15 cells were compared with NK:TCR cells for autonomous cytokine production, proliferation and survival. NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells, expressing a HLA-B*07:02-restricted TCR against BOB1, a B-cell lineage specific transcription factor highly expressed in all B-cell malignancies, were compared with control NK:BOB1-TCR and NK:CMV-TCR/IL-15 cells for effector function against TCR antigen positive malignant B-cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Results Viral incorporation of the interleukin-15 gene into engineered NK:TCR cells was feasible and high expression of the TCR was maintained, resulting in pure NK:TCR/IL-15 cell products generated from peripheral blood of multiple donors. Self-sufficient secretion of IL-15 by NK:TCR cells enables engineered NK cells to proliferate in vitro without addition of extra cytokines. NK:TCR/IL-15 demonstrated a marked enhancement of TCR-mediated cytotoxicity as well as enhanced NK-mediated cytotoxicity resulting in improved persistence and performance of NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells in an orthotopic multiple myeloma mouse model. However, in contrast to prolonged anti-tumor reactivity by NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15, we observed in one of the experiments an accumulation of NK:BOB1-TCR/IL-15 cells in several organs of treated mice, leading to unexpected death 30 days post-NK infusion. Conclusion This study showed that NK:TCR/IL-15 cells secrete low levels of IL-15 and can proliferate in an environment lacking cytokines. Repeated in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the effectiveness and target specificity of our product, in which addition of IL-15 supports TCR- and NK-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els P. van Hees
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura T. Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis F. G. Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne K. Wouters
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Astrid Van den Eynde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Mirjam H.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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Khalighfard S, Khori V, Esmati E, Ahmadi F, Amiriani T, Poorkhani A, Sadani S, Khodayari S, Khodayari H, Kalhori MR, Keshavarz P, Alizadeh AM. Breast tumor metastasis following filgrastim administration due to the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 40:74. [PMID: 36609711 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Filgrastim, a recombinant type of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), has a high potential to manage chemotherapy-induced leukopenia. It can increase stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) which may stimulate C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) to migrate bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells to the bloodstream. Here, we aimed to investigate in vitro and in vivo effects of filgrastim on cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. A lentivirus vector of the anti-CXCR4 receptor was first used for the CXCR4 knockout. Effects of filgrastim on cell proliferation and migration were then investigated on 4T1 cells by Transwell migration and wound healing assay. At last, the effects of filgrastim on cell metastasis and the possible involved mechanisms have been investigated in a metastatic murine breast tumor. The knockout of the CXCR4 receptor could lead to a decrease in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the 4T1 cells. Filgrastim could directly target SDF-1 and upregulate the expression of the CXCR4 receptor. The knockout of the CXCR4 receptor reduced cell metastasis in an animal model of breast cancer. CXCR4 receptor stimulation by the filgrastim-affected pathways is a conserved evolutionary response that could increase cancer cell proliferation and consequent cell metastasis. Our results suggest that the activation of the CXCR4 receptor is a conserved evolutionary response that can increase cell proliferation, migration, and consequent metastasis. It seems that filgrastim may increase the chance of cancer cell metastasis in people continuously receiving it to increase the number of neutrophils. Filgrastim induces the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on tumor cell growth. SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 are vital targets for filgrastim. The CXCR4 can stimulate the PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. The SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway promotes cell chemotaxis and proliferation via MAPKs signaling. It also enhances cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, increasing tumor cell metastasis. The STAT3-mediated inflammation is essential for tumorigenesis processes, and Akt, Wnt, STAT3, and CXCR4 signaling pathways are all correlated. CXCR4 = C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, SDF-1 = stromal-derived-factor-1, MAPK = mitogen activated protein kinase; NF-κB = nuclear factor-κB, PI3K = phosphoinositide 3-kinase, JAK = Janus kinase, STAT = signal transducer and activator of transcription, PLC = phospholipase C, PKC = Protein kinase C, GRK = G protein-coupled receptor kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Khalighfard
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center on Developing Advanced Technologies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esmati
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnazsadat Ahmadi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Amiriani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Poorkhani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Sadani
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine (ICPM), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hamid Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine (ICPM), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- Department of Radiology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Kobayashi E, Ozawa T, Hamana H, Muraguchi A, Kishi H. Gene modified NK cell line as a powerful tool for evaluation of cloned TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Cell Immunol 2023; 383:104656. [PMID: 36521300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy is anticipated as a next generation-immunotherapy for cancer and recent advances of TCR isolation technology have enabled patient's T cells to express TCRs recognizing multiple combinations of specific peptides and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, evaluation processes for the TCR-induced cytotoxicity activity using primary T cells are laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we established a cell line that do not express endogenous TCRs, enabling to generate large numbers of homogeneous cells, and can measure the cytotoxic activity of the isolated TCRs. To this end, we transduced a Natural Killer (NK) cell line with human CD3 molecules and interleukin (IL)-2. The TCR expressing NK cells killed target cells as similarly to TCR-transduced primary T cells and secreted various cytokines/chemokines including IL-2. Thus, the gene-modified NK cell can be a powerful tool to rapidly and efficiently evaluate the functions of isolated TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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5
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Persyn E, Wahlen S, Kiekens L, Van Loocke W, Siwe H, Van Ammel E, De Vos Z, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Matthys P, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Van Vlierberghe P, Leclercq G. IRF2 is required for development and functional maturation of human NK cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038821. [PMID: 36544762 PMCID: PMC9762550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-producing lymphocytes that play an important role in the first line of defense against malignant or virus-infected cells. A better understanding of the transcriptional regulation of human NK cell differentiation is crucial to improve the efficacy of NK cell-mediated immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Here, we studied the role of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 2 in human NK cell differentiation by stable knockdown or overexpression in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells and investigated its effect on development and function of the NK cell progeny. IRF2 overexpression had limited effects in these processes, indicating that endogenous IRF2 expression levels are sufficient. However, IRF2 knockdown greatly reduced the cell numbers of all early differentiation stages, resulting in decimated NK cell numbers. This was not caused by increased apoptosis, but by decreased proliferation. Expression of IRF2 is also required for functional maturation of NK cells, as the remaining NK cells after silencing of IRF2 had a less mature phenotype and showed decreased cytotoxic potential, as well as a greatly reduced cytokine secretion. Thus, IRF2 plays an important role during development and functional maturation of human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Siwe
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Ammel
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenzi De Vos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Georges Leclercq,
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6
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Persyn E, Wahlen S, Kiekens L, Taveirne S, Van Loocke W, Van Ammel E, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Taghon T, Vandekerckhove B, Van Vlierberghe P, Leclercq G. TXNIP Promotes Human NK Cell Development but Is Dispensable for NK Cell Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911345. [PMID: 36232644 PMCID: PMC9570291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of natural killer (NK) cells to kill tumor cells without prior sensitization makes them a rising player in immunotherapy. Increased understanding of the development and functioning of NK cells will improve their clinical utilization. As opposed to murine NK cell development, human NK cell development is still less understood. Here, we studied the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in human NK cell differentiation by stable TXNIP knockdown or overexpression in cord blood hematopoietic stem cells, followed by in vitro NK cell differentiation. TXNIP overexpression only had marginal effects, indicating that endogenous TXNIP levels are sufficient in this process. TXNIP knockdown, however, reduced proliferation of early differentiation stages and greatly decreased NK cell numbers. Transcriptome analysis and experimental confirmation showed that reduced protein synthesis upon TXNIP knockdown likely caused this low proliferation. Contrary to its profound effects on the early differentiation stages, TXNIP knockdown led to limited alterations in NK cell phenotype, and it had no effect on NK cell cytotoxicity or cytokine production. Thus, TXNIP promotes human NK cell differentiation by affecting protein synthesis and proliferation of early NK cell differentiation stages, but it is redundant for functional NK cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Taveirne
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Ammel
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-37-34
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7
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Kobayashi E, Jin A, Hamana H, Shitaoka K, Tajiri K, Kusano S, Yokoyama S, Ozawa T, Obata T, Muraguchi A, Kishi H. Rapid cloning of antigen-specific T-cell receptors by leveraging the cis activation of T cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:806-818. [PMID: 35393565 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly understood that T cells are activated via trans interactions between antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and antigenic peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen-presenting cells. By analysing a large number of T cells at the single-cell level on a microwell array, we show that T-cell activation can occur via cis interactions (where TCRs on the T cell interact with the antigenic peptides presented on MHC class-I molecules on the same cell), and that such cis activation can be used to detect antigen-specific T cells and clone their TCR within 4 d. We used the detection-and-cloning system to clone a tumour-antigen-specific TCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. TCR cloning by leveraging the cis activation of T cells may facilitate the development of TCR-engineered T cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Shitaoka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kusano
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Obata
- Toyama Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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8
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Cao Q, Tartaglia G, Alexander M, Park PH, Poojan S, Farshchian M, Fuentes I, Chen M, McGrath JA, Palisson F, Salas-Alanis J, South AP. A role for Collagen VII in matrix protein secretion. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:226-244. [PMID: 35779741 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lack of type VII collagen (C7) disrupts cellular proteostasis yet the mechanism remains undescribed. By studying the relationship between C7 and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), type XII collagen (C12) and tissue transglutaminase (TGM2) in primary human dermal fibroblasts from multiple donors with or without the genetic disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) (n=31), we demonstrate that secretion of each of these proteins is increased in the presence of C7. In dermal fibroblasts isolated from patients with RDEB, where C7 is absent or defective, association with the COPII outer coat protein SEC31 and ultimately secretion of each of these ECM-associated proteins is reduced and intracellular levels are increased. In RDEB fibroblasts, overall collagen secretion (as determined by the levels of hydroxyproline in the media) is unchanged while traffic from the ER to Golgi of TSP1, C12 and TGM2 occurs in a type I collagen (C1) dependent manner. In normal fibroblasts association of TSP1, C12 and TGM2 with the ER exit site transmembrane protein Transport ANd Golgi Organization-1 (TANGO1) as determined by proximity ligation assays, requires C7. In the absence of wild-type C7, or when ECM-associated proteins are overexpressed, C1 proximity and intracellular levels increase resulting in elevated cellular stress responses and elevated TGFβ signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for C7 in loading COPII vesicle cargo and provides a mechanism for disrupted proteostasis, elevated cellular stress and increased TGFβ signaling in patients with RDEB. Furthermore, our data point to a threshold of cargo loading that can be exceeded with increased protein levels leading to pathological outcomes in otherwise normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Grace Tartaglia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pyung Hung Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shiv Poojan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mehdi Farshchian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ignacia Fuentes
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John A McGrath
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), UK
| | - Francis Palisson
- DEBRA Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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9
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Tsai KK, Huang SS, Northey JJ, Liao WY, Hsu CC, Cheng LH, Werner ME, Chuu CP, Chatterjee C, Lakins JN, Weaver VM. Screening of organoids derived from patients with breast cancer implicates the repressor NCOR2 in cytotoxic stress response and antitumor immunity. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:734-752. [PMID: 35618935 PMCID: PMC9246917 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antitumor treatment contributes to patient mortality. Functional proteomic screening of organoids derived from chemotherapy-treated patients with breast cancer identified nuclear receptor corepressor 2 (NCOR2) histone deacetylase as an inhibitor of cytotoxic stress response and antitumor immunity. High NCOR2 in the tumors of patients with breast cancer predicted chemotherapy refractoriness, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. Molecular studies revealed that NCOR2 inhibits antitumor treatment by regulating histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) to repress interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1)-dependent gene expression and interferon (IFN) signaling. Reducing NCOR2 or impeding its epigenetic activity by modifying its interaction with HDAC3 enhanced chemotherapy responsiveness and restored antitumor immunity. An adeno-associated viral NCOR2-HDAC3 competitor potentiated chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy in culture and in vivo by permitting transcription of IRF-1-regulated proapoptosis and inflammatory genes to increase IFN-γ signaling. The findings illustrate the utility of patient-derived organoids for drug discovery and suggest that targeting stress and inflammatory-repressor complexes such as NCOR2-HDAC3 could overcome treatment resistance and improve the outcome of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K Tsai
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shenq-Shyang Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hsu
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Cheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael E Werner
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chandrima Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon N Lakins
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery and Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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RIF1 acts in DNA repair through phosphopeptide recognition of 53BP1. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1359-1371.e9. [PMID: 35216668 PMCID: PMC8995355 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin-binding protein 53BP1 promotes DNA repair by orchestrating the recruitment of downstream effectors including PTIP, RIF1, and shieldin to DNA double-strand break sites. While we know how PTIP recognizes 53BP1, the molecular details of RIF1 recruitment to DNA-damage sites remains undefined. Here, we report that RIF1 is a phosphopeptide-binding protein that directly interacts with three phosphorylated 53BP1 epitopes. The RIF1-binding sites on 53BP1 share an essential LxL motif followed by two closely apposed phosphorylated residues. Simultaneous mutation of these sites on 53BP1 abrogates RIF1 accumulation into ionizing-radiation-induced foci, but surprisingly, only fully compromises 53BP1-dependent DNA repair when an alternative mode of shieldin recruitment to DNA-damage sites is also disabled. Intriguingly, this alternative mode of recruitment still depends on RIF1 but does not require its interaction with 53BP1. RIF1 therefore employs phosphopeptide recognition to promote DNA repair but also modifies shieldin action independently of 53BP1 binding.
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11
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Kiekens L, Van Loocke W, Taveirne S, Wahlen S, Persyn E, Van Ammel E, De Vos Z, Matthys P, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Taghon T, Van Vlierberghe P, Vandekerckhove B, Leclercq G. T-BET and EOMES Accelerate and Enhance Functional Differentiation of Human Natural Killer Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732511. [PMID: 34630413 PMCID: PMC8497824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-bet and Eomes are transcription factors that are known to be important in maturation and function of murine natural killer (NK) cells. Reduced T-BET and EOMES expression results in dysfunctional NK cells and failure to control tumor growth. In contrast to mice, the current knowledge on the role of T-BET and EOMES in human NK cells is rudimentary. Here, we ectopically expressed either T-BET or EOMES in human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Combined transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and protein expression analyses revealed that T-BET or EOMES epigenetically represses hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and non-NK lineage differentiation genes, while activating an NK cell-specific transcriptome and thereby drastically accelerating NK cell differentiation. In this model, the effects of T-BET and EOMES are largely overlapping, yet EOMES shows a superior role in early NK cell maturation and induces faster NK receptor and enhanced CD16 expression. T-BET particularly controls transcription of terminal maturation markers and epigenetically controls strong induction of KIR expression. Finally, NK cells generated upon T-BET or EOMES overexpression display improved functionality, including increased IFN-γ production and killing, and especially EOMES overexpression NK cells have enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Our findings reveal novel insights on the regulatory role of T-BET and EOMES in human NK cell maturation and function, which is essential to further understand human NK cell biology and to optimize adoptive NK cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kiekens
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Taveirne
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Persyn
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Ammel
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zenzi De Vos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Ramovs V, Krotenberg Garcia A, Kreft M, Sonnenberg A. Integrin α3β1 Is a Key Regulator of Several Protumorigenic Pathways during Skin Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:732-741.e6. [PMID: 32805217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α3β1 plays a crucial role in tumor formation in the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model (DMBA and TPA treatment). However, the mechanisms whereby the expression of α3β1 influences key oncogenic drivers of this established model are not known yet. Using an in vivo mouse model with epidermal deletion of α3β1 and in vitro Matrigel cultures of transformed keratinocytes, we demonstrate the central role of α3β1 in promoting the activation of several protumorigenic signaling pathways during the initiation of DMBA/TPA‒driven tumorigenesis. In transformed keratinocytes, α3β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase/Src activation leads to in vitro growth of spheroids and to strong Akt and STAT 3 activation when the α3β1-binding partner tetraspanin CD151 is present to stabilize cell‒cell adhesion and promote Smad2 phosphorylation. Remarkably, α3β1 and CD151 can support Akt and STAT 3 activity independently of α3β1 ligation by laminin-332 and as such control the essential survival signals required for suprabasal keratin-10 expression during keratinocyte differentiation. These data demonstrate that α3β1 together with CD151 regulate the signaling pathways that control the survival of differentiating keratinocytes and provide a mechanistic understanding of the essential role of α3β1 in early stages of skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ramovs
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Simpson CL, Tokito MK, Uppala R, Sarkar MK, Gudjonsson JE, Holzbaur ELF. NIX initiates mitochondrial fragmentation via DRP1 to drive epidermal differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108689. [PMID: 33535046 PMCID: PMC7888979 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis regenerates continually to maintain a protective barrier at the body’s surface composed of differentiating keratinocytes. Maturation of this stratified tissue requires that keratinocytes undergo wholesale organelle degradation upon reaching the outermost tissue layers to form compacted, anucleate cells. Through live imaging of organotypic cultures of human epidermis, we find that regulated breakdown of mitochondria is critical for epidermal development. Keratinocytes in the upper layers initiate mitochondrial fragmentation, depolarization, and acidification upon upregulating the mitochondrion-tethered autophagy receptor NIX. Depleting NIX compromises epidermal maturation and impairs mitochondrial elimination, whereas ectopic NIX expression accelerates keratinocyte differentiation and induces premature mitochondrial fragmentation via the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) DRP1. We further demonstrate that inhibiting DRP1 blocks NIX-mediated mitochondrial breakdown and disrupts epidermal development. Our findings establish mitochondrial degradation as a key step in terminal keratinocyte differentiation and define a pathway operating via the mitophagy receptor NIX in concert with DRP1 to drive epidermal morphogenesis. Using live microscopy of human organotypic epidermis, Simpson et al. demonstrate how keratinocytes degrade their mitochondria in the upper tissue layers during their final stage of differentiation. By upregulating expression of the mitophagy receptor NIX, keratinocytes initiate DRP1- dependent mitochondrial fragmentation, a process critical for epidermal tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariko K Tokito
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Patel KR, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Lorenz WW, Mace EM, Barb AW. Fc γ receptor IIIa/CD16a processing correlates with the expression of glycan-related genes in human natural killer cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100183. [PMID: 33310702 PMCID: PMC7948478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies require binding to Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) for full effect and increasing the binding affinity increases efficacy. Preeminent among the five activating human FcγRs is FcγRIIIa/CD16a expressed by natural killer (NK) cells. CD16a is heavily processed, and recent reports indicate that the composition of the five CD16a asparagine(N)-linked carbohydrates (glycans) impacts affinity. These observations indicate that specific manipulation of CD16a N-glycan composition in CD16a-expressing effector cells including NK cells may improve treatment efficacy. However, it is unclear if modifying the expression of select genes that encode processing enzymes in CD16a-expressing effector cells is sufficient to affect N-glycan composition. We identified substantial processing differences using a glycoproteomics approach by comparing CD16a isolated from two NK cell lines, NK92 and YTS, with CD16a expressed by HEK293F cells and previous reports of CD16a from primary NK cells. Gene expression profiling by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR revealed expression levels for glycan-modifying genes that correlated with CD16a glycan composition. These results identified a high degree of variability between the processing of the same human protein by different human cell types. N-glycan processing correlated with the expression of glycan-modifying genes and thus explained the substantial differences in CD16a processing by NK cells of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap R Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - W Walter Lorenz
- Georgia Genomics and Bioinformatics Core and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam W Barb
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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15
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Cohen AS, Geng L, Zhao P, Fu A, Schulte ML, Graves-Deal R, Washington MK, Berlin J, Coffey RJ, Manning HC. Combined blockade of EGFR and glutamine metabolism in preclinical models of colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100828. [PMID: 32652471 PMCID: PMC7348062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies in patients with advanced wild-type (WT) RAS colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an unmet need. In this preclinical work, we evaluated a new therapeutic combination aimed at enhancing efficacy by targeting cancer cell metabolism in concert with EGFR. We hypothesized that combined blockade of glutamine metabolism and EGFR represents a promising treatment approach by targeting both the "fuel" and "signaling" components that these tumors need to survive. To explore this hypothesis, we combined CB-839, an inhibitor of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for catalyzing conversion of glutamine to glutamate, with cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody in preclinical models of CRC. 2D and 3D in vitro assays were executed following treatment with either single agent or combination therapy. The combination of cetuximab with CB-839 resulted in reduced cell viability and demonstrated synergism in several cell lines. In vivo efficacy experiments were performed in cell-line xenograft models propagated in athymic nude mice. Tumor volumes were measured followed by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of proliferation (Ki67), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling (pS6), and multiple mechanisms of cell death to annotate molecular determinants of response. In vivo, a significant reduction in tumor growth and reduced Ki67 and pS6 IHC staining were observed with combination therapy, which was accompanied by increased apoptosis and/or necrosis. The combination showed efficacy in cetuximab-sensitive as well as resistant models. In conclusion, this therapeutic combination represents a promising new precision medicine approach for patients with refractory metastatic WT RAS CRC.
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Key Words
- cac, citric acid cycle
- crc, colorectal cancer
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor
- gln, glutamine
- gls1, glutaminase 1
- glu, glutamate
- h&e, hematoxylin and eosin
- ihc, immunohistochemical
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- mapk, mitogen activated protein kinase
- nsclc, non-small cell lung cancer
- sd, standard deviation
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Cohen
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ling Geng
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ping Zhao
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Allie Fu
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Michael L Schulte
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Ramona Graves-Deal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, U3218 MRB III, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, C-3322, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jordan Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, U3218 MRB III, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Health Administration, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
| | - H Charles Manning
- Vanderbilt Center for Molecular Probes, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, R0102, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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16
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Song S, Nguyen V, Schrank T, Mulvaney K, Walter V, Wei D, Orvis T, Desai N, Zhang J, Hayes DN, Zheng Y, Major MB, Weissman BE. Loss of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Alters NRF2 Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1777-1788. [PMID: 32855269 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (referred to as NRF2) transcription factor binds antioxidant responsive elements within the promoters of cytoprotective genes to induce their expression. Next-generation sequencing studies in lung cancer have shown a significant number of activating mutations within the NRF2 signaling pathway. Mutations in components of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, a general regulator of transcription using either BRG1 or BRM as the catalytic subunit, also frequently occur in lung cancers. Importantly, low BRG1 expression levels in primary human NSCLC correlated with increased NRF2-target gene expression. Here, we show that loss of SWI/SNF complex function activated a subset of NRF2-mediated transcriptional targets. Using a series of isogenic NSCLC lines with reduced or depleted BRG1 and/or BRM expression, we observed significantly increased expression of the NRF2-target genes HMOX1 and GSTM4. In contrast, expression of the NRF2 target genes NQO1 and GCLM modestly increased following BRM reduction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that BRG1 knockdown led to increased NRF2 binding at its respective ARE sites in the HMOX1 promoter but not in NQO1 and GCLM. Our data demonstrate that loss of BRG1 or BRM in lung cancer results in activation of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and HMOX1 expression. Therefore, we provide an additional molecular explanation for why patients harboring BRG1 or BRM mutations show poor prognoses. A better understanding of this mechanism may yield novel insights into the design of targeted treatment modalities. IMPLICATIONS: Our study identifies a novel mechanism for how mutations in the SMARCA4 gene may drive progression of human lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Song
- Oncology Center, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Travis Schrank
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Mulvaney
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Darmood Wei
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tess Orvis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nisarg Desai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Oncology Center, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- Oncology Center, ZhuJiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Michael B Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bernard E Weissman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Murine Cytomegalovirus Protein pM49 Interacts with pM95 and Is Critical for Viral Late Gene Expression. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01956-19. [PMID: 31896598 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01956-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Late gene expression of betaherpesviruses and gammaherpesviruses is tightly controlled by virus-encoded transactivation factors (vTFs). We recently proved that the 6 vTFs of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) form a complex to regulate late gene transcription. pM49, one of the vTFs that has not been studied before, was identified to be a component of the complex that interacts with pM95. In this study, we began to investigate the potential role of pM49 in viral late gene expression. A recombinant MCMV expressing C-terminal FLAG-tagged pM49 was constructed to study the expression kinetics and localization of pM49. pM49 was expressed at the late time of virus infection. Inhibition of viral DNA synthesis by phosphonate sodium phosphonic acid (PAA) abolished pM49 expression, indicating that it is a late protein. pM49 colocalized with pM44 at the viral replication compartment, similarly to other viral vTFs that have been reported. Mutant virus lacking full-length pM49 expression failed to express viral late genes, leading to nonproductive infection. The expression of immediate early and early genes was not affected, and viral DNA synthesis was only minimally affected during pM49-deficient virus infection. All of these data support the role of pM49 in viral late gene expression. After a series of mutagenesis analyses, two key residues, K325 and C326, were identified as required for pM49-pM95 interaction. Cells expressing pM49 with either single mutation of these two residues failed to rescue the late gene expression and support the replication of pM49-deficient virus. Our results indicated that pM49-pM95 interaction is essential for viral late gene expression.IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections result in morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, and the virus is also a major cause of birth defects in newborns. Currently, because of the unavailability of vaccines against this virus and restricted antiviral therapies with low toxicity, as well as the emergency of resistant strain of this virus, the understanding of viral late gene regulation may provide clues to study new antiviral drugs or vaccines. In this study, we report that MCMV protein pM49 is critical for viral late gene transcription, based on its interaction with pM95. This finding reveals the important role of pM49-pM95 interaction in the regulation of viral late gene expression and that it could be a future potential target for therapeutic intervention in CMV diseases.
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18
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A Quantitative Genetic Interaction Map of HIV Infection. Mol Cell 2020; 78:197-209.e7. [PMID: 32084337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a platform for quantitative genetic interaction mapping using viral infectivity as a functional readout and constructed a viral host-dependency epistasis map (vE-MAP) of 356 human genes linked to HIV function, comprising >63,000 pairwise genetic perturbations. The vE-MAP provides an expansive view of the genetic dependencies underlying HIV infection and can be used to identify drug targets and study viral mutations. We found that the RNA deadenylase complex, CNOT, is a central player in the vE-MAP and show that knockout of CNOT1, 10, and 11 suppressed HIV infection in primary T cells by upregulating innate immunity pathways. This phenotype was rescued by deletion of IRF7, a transcription factor regulating interferon-stimulated genes, revealing a previously unrecognized host signaling pathway involved in HIV infection. The vE-MAP represents a generic platform that can be used to study the global effects of how different pathogens hijack and rewire the host during infection.
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19
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Wang W, Zuidema A, te Molder L, Nahidiazar L, Hoekman L, Schmidt T, Coppola S, Sonnenberg A. Hemidesmosomes modulate force generation via focal adhesions. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201904137. [PMID: 31914171 PMCID: PMC7041674 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes are specialized cell-matrix adhesion structures that are associated with the keratin cytoskeleton. Although the adhesion function of hemidesmosomes has been extensively studied, their role in mechanosignaling and transduction remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that keratinocytes lacking hemidesmosomal integrin α6β4 exhibit increased focal adhesion formation, cell spreading, and traction-force generation. Moreover, disruption of the interaction between α6β4 and intermediate filaments or laminin-332 results in similar phenotypical changes. We further demonstrate that integrin α6β4 regulates the activity of the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulator YAP through inhibition of Rho-ROCK-MLC- and FAK-PI3K-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, increased tension caused by impaired hemidesmosome assembly leads to a redistribution of integrin αVβ5 from clathrin lattices to focal adhesions. Our results reveal a novel role for hemidesmosomes as regulators of cellular mechanical forces and establish the existence of a mechanical coupling between adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alba Zuidema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa te Molder
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nahidiazar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Coppola
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Legrand N, Bretscher CL, Zielke S, Wilke B, Daude M, Fritz B, Diederich WE, Adhikary T. PPARβ/δ recruits NCOR and regulates transcription reinitiation of ANGPTL4. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9573-9591. [PMID: 31428774 PMCID: PMC6765110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of ligands, the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ recruits the NCOR and SMRT corepressors, which form complexes with HDAC3, to canonical target genes. Agonistic ligands cause dissociation of corepressors and enable enhanced transcription. Vice versa, synthetic inverse agonists augment corepressor recruitment and repression. Both basal repression of the target gene ANGPTL4 and reinforced repression elicited by inverse agonists are partially insensitive to HDAC inhibition. This raises the question how PPARβ/δ represses transcription mechanistically. We show that the PPARβ/δ inverse agonist PT-S264 impairs transcription initiation by decreasing recruitment of activating Mediator subunits, RNA polymerase II, and TFIIB, but not of TFIIA, to the ANGPTL4 promoter. Mass spectrometry identifies NCOR as the main PT-S264-dependent interactor of PPARβ/δ. Reconstitution of knockout cells with PPARβ/δ mutants deficient in basal repression results in diminished recruitment of NCOR, SMRT, and HDAC3 to PPAR target genes, while occupancy by RNA polymerase II is increased. PT-S264 restores binding of NCOR, SMRT, and HDAC3 to the mutants, resulting in reduced polymerase II occupancy. Our findings corroborate deacetylase-dependent and -independent repressive functions of HDAC3-containing complexes, which act in parallel to downregulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Legrand
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Clemens L Bretscher
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wilke
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Daude
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Fritz
- Centre for Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Core Facility Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumour Research, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Centre for Tumour Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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21
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Pazina T, James AM, Colby KB, Yang Y, Gale A, Jhatakia A, Kearney AY, Graziano RF, Bezman NA, Robbins MD, Cohen AD, Campbell KS. Enhanced SLAMF7 Homotypic Interactions by Elotuzumab Improves NK Cell Killing of Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1633-1646. [PMID: 31431433 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. By engaging with FcγRIIIA (CD16), Elo promotes potent NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) toward SLAMF7+ MM tumor cells. Relapsed/refractory MM patients treated with the combination of Elo, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone have improved progression-free survival. We previously showed that Elo enhances NK cell activity via a costimulation mechanism, independent of CD16 binding. Here, we further studied the effect of Elo on cytotoxicity of CD16-negative NK-92 cells. Elo, but not other SLAMF7 antibodies, uniquely enhanced cytotoxicity mediated by CD16-negative NK-92 cells toward SLAMF7+ target cells. Furthermore, this CD16-independent enhancement of cytotoxicity required expression of SLAMF7 containing the full cytoplasmic domain in the NK cells, implicating costimulatory signaling. The CD16-independent costimulation by Elo was associated with increased expression of NKG2D, ICAM-1, and activated LFA-1 on NK cells, and enhanced cytotoxicity was partially reduced by NKG2D blocking antibodies. In addition, an Fc mutant form of Elo that cannot bind CD16 promoted cytotoxicity of SLAMF7+ target cells by NK cells from most healthy donors, especially if previously cultured in IL2. We conclude that in addition to promoting NK cell-mediated ADCC (CD16-dependent) responses, Elo promoted SLAMF7-SLAMF7 interactions in a CD16-independent manner to enhance NK cytotoxicity toward MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pazina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,FSBSI "Institute of Experimental Medicine," St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashley M James
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly B Colby
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Gale
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam D Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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22
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Manso JA, Gómez-Hernández M, Carabias A, Alonso-García N, García-Rubio I, Kreft M, Sonnenberg A, de Pereda JM. Integrin α6β4 Recognition of a Linear Motif of Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen BP230 Controls Its Recruitment to Hemidesmosomes. Structure 2019; 27:952-964.e6. [PMID: 31006587 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stability of epithelia requires firm attachment to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes. Dysfunction of hemidesmosomal proteins causes severe skin-blistering diseases. Two plakins, plectin and BP230 (BPAG1e), link the integrin α6β4 to intermediate filaments in epidermal hemidesmosomes. Here, we show that a linear sequence within the isoform-specific N-terminal region of BP230 binds to the third and fourth FnIII domains of β4. The crystal structure of the complex and mutagenesis analysis revealed that BP230 binds between the two domains of β4. BP230 induces closing of the two FnIII domains that are locked in place by an interdomain ionic clasp required for binding. Disruption of BP230-β4 binding prevents recruitment of BP230 to hemidesmosomes in human keratinocytes, revealing a key role of this interaction for hemidesmosome assembly. Phosphomimetic substitutions in β4 and BP230 destabilize the complex. Thus, our study provides insights into the architecture of hemidesmosomes and potential mechanisms of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Manso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arturo Carabias
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noelia Alonso-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inés García-Rubio
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Ctra. Huesca s/n, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M de Pereda
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - University of Salamanca, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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23
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Murine Cytomegalovirus Protein pM91 Interacts with pM79 and Is Critical for Viral Late Gene Expression. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00675-18. [PMID: 29997217 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00675-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral gene expression is tightly regulated during cytomegalovirus (CMV) lytic replication, but the detailed mechanism of late gene transcription remains to be fully understood. Previous studies reported that six viral proteins (named viral transactivation factors [vTFs]) supporting late gene expression were conserved in beta- and gammaherpesviruses but not in alphaherpesviruses. Here, we performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments to elucidate the organization of these six proteins in murine CMV. Our results showed that these proteins formed a complex by both direct and indirect interactions. Specifically, pM91 strongly bound to pM79 even in the absence of other vTFs. Similar to pM79, pM91 exhibited early-late expression kinetics and localized within nuclear viral replication compartments during infection. Functional analysis was also performed using the pM91-deficient virus. Real-time PCR results revealed that abrogation of M91 expression markedly reduced viral late gene expression and progeny virus production without affecting viral DNA synthesis. Using mutagenesis, we found that residues E61, D62, D89, and D96 in pM91 were required for the pM91-pM79 interaction. Disruption of the interaction via E61A/D62A or D89A/D96A double mutation in the context of virus infection inhibited progeny virus production. Our data indicate that pM91 is a component of the viral late gene transcription factor complex and that the pM91-pM79 interaction is essential for viral late gene expression.IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading cause of birth defects and causes morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The regulation of viral late gene transcription is not well elucidated, and understanding of this process benefits the development of novel therapeutics against CMV infection. This study (i) identified that six viral transactivation factors encoded by murine CMV form a complex, (ii) demonstrated that pM91 interacts with pM79 and that pM91 and pM79 colocalize in the nuclear viral replication compartments, (iii) confirmed that pM91 is critical for viral late gene expression but dispensable for viral DNA replication, and (iv) revealed that the pM91-pM79 interaction is required for progeny virus production. These findings give an explanation of how CMV regulates late gene expression and have important implications for the design of antiviral strategies.
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24
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Rosskopf S, Leitner J, Paster W, Morton LT, Hagedoorn RS, Steinberger P, Heemskerk MHM. A Jurkat 76 based triple parameter reporter system to evaluate TCR functions and adoptive T cell strategies. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17608-17619. [PMID: 29707134 PMCID: PMC5915142 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy using TCR transgenic autologous T cells has shown great potential for the treatment of tumor patients. Thorough characterization of genetically reprogrammed T cells is necessary to optimize treatment success. Here, we describe the generation of triple parameter reporter T cells based on the Jurkat 76 T cell line for the evaluation of TCR and chimeric antigen receptor functions as well as adoptive T cell strategies. This Jurkat subline is devoid of endogenous TCR alpha and TCR beta chains, thereby circumventing the problem of TCR miss-pairing and unexpected specificities. The resultant reporter cells allow simultaneous determination of the activity of the transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT and AP-1 that play key roles in T cell activation. Human TCRs directed against tumor and virus antigens were introduced and reporter responses were determined using tumor cell lines endogenously expressing the antigens of interest or via addition of antigenic peptides. Finally, we demonstrate that coexpression of adhesion molecules like CD2 and CD226 as well as CD28 chimeric receptors represents an effective strategy to augment the response of TCR-transgenic reporters to cells presenting cognate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rosskopf
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura T Morton
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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PRC1 Prevents Replication Stress during Chondrogenic Transit Amplification. EPIGENOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes1030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Nagasawa M, Germar K, Blom B, Spits H. Human CD5 + Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Functionally Immature and Their Development from CD34 + Progenitor Cells Is Regulated by Id2. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1047. [PMID: 28912776 PMCID: PMC5583608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as a key cell type involved in surveillance and maintenance of mucosal tissues. Mouse ILCs rely on the transcriptional regulator Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (Id2) for their development. Here, we show that Id2 also drives development of human ILC because forced expression of Id2 in human thymic progenitors blocked T cell commitment, upregulated CD161 and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), and maintained CD127 expression, markers that are characteristic for human ILCs. Surprisingly CD5 was also expressed on these in vitro generated ILCs. This was not an in vitro artifact because CD5 was also found on ex vivo isolated ILCs from thymus and from umbilical cord blood. CD5 was also expressed on small proportions of ILC2 and ILC3. CD5+ ILCs were functionally immature, but could further differentiate into mature CD5− cytokine-secreting ILCs. Our data show that Id2 governs human ILC development from thymic progenitor cells toward immature CD5+ ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Nagasawa
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristine Germar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Differential Requirement of Human Cytomegalovirus UL112-113 Protein Isoforms for Viral Replication. J Virol 2017. [PMID: 28637762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00254-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The UL112-113 gene is one of the few alternatively spliced genes of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). It codes for four phosphoproteins, p34, p43, p50, and p84, all of which are expressed with early kinetics and accumulate at sites of viral DNA replication within the host cell nucleus. Although these proteins are known to play important, possibly essential, roles in the viral replication cycle, little is known about the contribution of individual UL112-113 protein products. Here we used splice site mutagenesis, intron deletion and substitution, and nonsense mutagenesis to prevent the individual expression of each UL112-113 protein isoform and to investigate the importance of each isoform for viral replication. We show that HCMV mutants lacking p34 or p50 expression replicated to high titers in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells, indicating that these proteins are nonessential for viral replication, while mutant viruses carrying a stop mutation within the p84 coding sequence were severely growth impaired. Viral replication could not be detected upon the inactivation of p43 expression, indicating that this UL112-113 protein is essential for viral replication. We also analyzed the ability of UL112-113 proteins to recruit other viral proteins to intranuclear prereplication compartments. While UL112-113 expression was sufficient to recruit the UL44-encoded viral DNA polymerase processivity factor, it was not sufficient for the recruitment of the viral UL84 and UL117 proteins. Remarkably, both the p43 and p84 isoforms were required for the efficient recruitment of pUL44, which is consistent with their critical role in the viral life cycle.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus requires gene products from 11 genetic loci for the lytic replication of its genome. One of these loci, UL112-113, encodes four proteins with common N termini by alternative splicing. In this study, we inactivated the expression of each of the four UL112-113 proteins individually and determined their requirement for HCMV replication. We found that two of the UL112-113 gene products were dispensable for viral replication in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In contrast, viral replication was severely reduced or absent when one of the other two gene products was inactivated, indicating that they are of crucial importance for the viral replication cycle. We further showed that the latter two gene products are involved in the recruitment of pUL44, an essential cofactor of the viral DNA polymerase, to specific sites within the cell nucleus that are thought to serve as starting points for viral DNA replication.
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28
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Oh HR, Kim J, Kim J. Critical roles of Cyclin D1 in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell reprogramming. FEBS J 2016; 283:4549-4568. [PMID: 27790870 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the fields of human disease modeling and regenerative medicine, the molecular basis of Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM)-induced cellular reprogramming remains unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in cellular reprogramming, we studied the immediate effects of expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in this study. Induction of the OSKM reprogramming factors significantly altered primary MEF growth properties. Although MEFs not expressing the reprogramming factors underwent replicative senescence within 9-12 days in culture, MEFs expressing the four reprogramming factors proliferated continuously throughout the duration of the experiment, suggesting that the expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors inhibits or delays replicative senescence. Cell cycle progression by the reprogramming factors was accompanied by the accumulation of Cyclin D1 through the early stages of reprogramming in MEFs, leading us to hypothesize that it might play a positive role in cellular reprogramming. Consistent with this hypothesis, forced Cyclin D1 expression enhanced reprogramming if administered concomitant with expression of the OSKM reprogramming factors. Most importantly, unlike wild-type MEFs expressing reprogramming factors, the number of emerging alkaline phosphatase-positive cyclin D1-null colonies was significantly reduced and cyclin D1-null MEFs were unable to initiate mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. Our studies demonstrate that cyclin D1 is an essential gene in the reprogramming process and that activation of cyclin D1 by reprogramming factors is an important process for somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Oh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Merkle R, Steiert B, Salopiata F, Depner S, Raue A, Iwamoto N, Schelker M, Hass H, Wäsch M, Böhm ME, Mücke O, Lipka DB, Plass C, Lehmann WD, Kreutz C, Timmer J, Schilling M, Klingmüller U. Identification of Cell Type-Specific Differences in Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling in Primary Erythroid and Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005049. [PMID: 27494133 PMCID: PMC4975441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, with its most prevalent form non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and is commonly treated with chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin. Lung cancer patients frequently suffer from chemotherapy-induced anemia, which can be treated with erythropoietin (EPO). However, studies have indicated that EPO not only promotes erythropoiesis in hematopoietic cells, but may also enhance survival of NSCLC cells. Here, we verified that the NSCLC cell line H838 expresses functional erythropoietin receptors (EPOR) and that treatment with EPO reduces cisplatin-induced apoptosis. To pinpoint differences in EPO-induced survival signaling in erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E, colony forming unit-erythroid) and H838 cells, we combined mathematical modeling with a method for feature selection, the L1 regularization. Utilizing an example model and simulated data, we demonstrated that this approach enables the accurate identification and quantification of cell type-specific parameters. We applied our strategy to quantitative time-resolved data of EPO-induced JAK/STAT signaling generated by quantitative immunoblotting, mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in CFU-E and H838 cells as well as H838 cells overexpressing human EPOR (H838-HA-hEPOR). The established parsimonious mathematical model was able to simultaneously describe the data sets of CFU-E, H838 and H838-HA-hEPOR cells. Seven cell type-specific parameters were identified that included for example parameters for nuclear translocation of STAT5 and target gene induction. Cell type-specific differences in target gene induction were experimentally validated by qRT-PCR experiments. The systematic identification of pathway differences and sensitivities of EPOR signaling in CFU-E and H838 cells revealed potential targets for intervention to selectively inhibit EPO-induced signaling in the tumor cells but leave the responses in erythroid progenitor cells unaffected. Thus, the proposed modeling strategy can be employed as a general procedure to identify cell type-specific parameters and to recommend treatment strategies for the selective targeting of specific cell types. A major challenge in the development of therapeutic interventions is the selective inhibition of a signal transduction pathway in one cell type such as a cancer cell leaving the other cell type such as a healthy cell as unaffected as possible. Here, we propose a new approach that combines mathematical modeling based on quantitative experimental data with statistical methods. We demonstrate based on simulated data that our approach can determine which parameters are the same and which parameters differ in two exemplary cell types. We compare a lung cancer cell line to the precursor cells of red blood cells. We show that the same signal transduction network induced by erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that is frequently employed to treat anemia in cancer patients, regulates survival of both cell types. Based on our experimental data in combination with our computational approach, we identify seven cell type-specific differences in this signaling pathway. Our strategy allows predicting therapeutic targets that could be inhibited to interfere with survival of lung cancer cells while leaving production of red blood cells unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Merkle
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Steiert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Salopiata
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sofia Depner
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Raue
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nao Iwamoto
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Schelker
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Hass
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Wäsch
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin E. Böhm
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mücke
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Lipka
- Regulation of Cellular Differentiation Group, Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolf D. Lehmann
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Germany & BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JT); (MS); (UK)
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JT); (MS); (UK)
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JT); (MS); (UK)
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30
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Zhu X, Dahlmans V, Thali R, Preisinger C, Viollet B, Voncken JW, Neumann D. AMP-activated Protein Kinase Up-regulates Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase-interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase 1a-dependent Phosphorylation of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17020-7. [PMID: 27413184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.740498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a molecular energy sensor that acts to sustain cellular energy balance. Although AMPK is implicated in the regulation of a multitude of ATP-dependent cellular processes, exactly how these processes are controlled by AMPK as well as the identity of AMPK targets and pathways continues to evolve. Here we identify MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1a (MNK1a) as a novel AMPK target. Specifically, we show AMPK-dependent Ser(353) phosphorylation of the human MNK1a isoform in cell-free and cellular systems. We show that AMPK and MNK1a physically interact and that in vivo MNK1a-Ser(353) phosphorylation requires T-loop phosphorylation, in good agreement with a recently proposed structural regulatory model of MNK1a. Our data suggest a physiological role for MNK1a-Ser(353) phosphorylation in regulation of the MNK1a kinase, which correlates with increased eIF4E phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Zhu
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases and
| | - Vivian Dahlmans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Thali
- the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Preisinger
- the Proteomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Benoit Viollet
- the INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, 75014 Paris, France, the CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France, and the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - J Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,
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31
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The infectious BAC genomic DNA expression library: a high capacity vector system for functional genomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28644. [PMID: 27353647 PMCID: PMC4926088 DOI: 10.1038/srep28644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene dosage plays a critical role in a range of cellular phenotypes, yet most cellular expression systems use heterologous cDNA-based vectors which express proteins well above physiological levels. In contrast, genomic DNA expression vectors generate physiologically-relevant levels of gene expression by carrying the whole genomic DNA locus of a gene including its regulatory elements. Here we describe the first genomic DNA expression library generated using the high-capacity herpes simplex virus-1 amplicon technology to deliver bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) into cells by viral transduction. The infectious BAC (iBAC) library contains 184,320 clones with an average insert size of 134.5 kb. We show in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) disease model cell line and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that this library can be used for genetic rescue studies in a range of contexts including the physiological restoration of Ldlr deficiency, and viral receptor expression. The iBAC library represents an important new genetic analysis tool openly available to the research community.
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32
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Marwitz S, Depner S, Dvornikov D, Merkle R, Szczygieł M, Müller-Decker K, Lucarelli P, Wäsch M, Mairbäurl H, Rabe KF, Kugler C, Vollmer E, Reck M, Scheufele S, Kröger M, Ammerpohl O, Siebert R, Goldmann T, Klingmüller U. Downregulation of the TGFβ Pseudoreceptor BAMBI in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Enhances TGFβ Signaling and Invasion. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3785-801. [PMID: 27197161 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by early metastasis and has the highest mortality rate among all solid tumors, with the majority of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage where curative therapeutic options are lacking. In this study, we identify a targetable mechanism involving TGFβ elevation that orchestrates tumor progression in this disease. Substantial activation of this pathway was detected in human lung cancer tissues with concomitant downregulation of BAMBI, a negative regulator of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Alterations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression were observed in lung cancer samples compared with tumor-free tissues. Distinct alterations in the DNA methylation of the gene regions encoding TGFβ pathway components were detected in NSCLC samples compared with tumor-free lung tissues. In particular, epigenetic silencing of BAMBI was identified as a hallmark of NSCLC. Reconstitution of BAMBI expression in NSCLC cells resulted in a marked reduction of TGFβ-induced EMT, migration, and invasion in vitro, along with reduced tumor burden and tumor growth in vivo In conclusion, our results demonstrate how BAMBI downregulation drives the invasiveness of NSCLC, highlighting TGFβ signaling as a candidate therapeutic target in this setting. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3785-801. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Marwitz
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Depner
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmytro Dvornikov
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Merkle
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Szczygieł
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Wäsch
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany. Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kugler
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Vollmer
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Swetlana Scheufele
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Kröger
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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33
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The interaction between AMPKβ2 and the PP1-targeting subunit R6 is dynamically regulated by intracellular glycogen content. Biochem J 2016; 473:937-47. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20151035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breakdown of intracellular glycogen enhances interaction of the AMPKβ2 subunit and the R6 glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1), which occurs in conjunction with increased β2-Thr-148 phosphorylation.
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34
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Pourreyron C, Chen M, McGrath JA, Salas-Alanis JC, South AP, Leigh IM. High levels of type VII collagen expression in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma keratinocytes increases PI3K and MAPK signalling, cell migration and invasion. Br J Dermatol 2016; 170:1256-65. [PMID: 24641191 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of inherited skin fragility diseases varying in severity from mild scarring to infant mortality. Great efforts are being undertaken to develop therapeutic strategies to treat the more pernicious forms of this disease, particularly those associated with recessive, loss-of-function mutations. In such cases significant effort is directed toward delivering recombinant protein at levels sufficient to demonstrate clinical benefit. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) predisposes patients to a high incidence of life-threatening cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, COL7A1, are the sole cause of this disease and conflicting reports concerning type VII collagen and COL7A1 in carcinogenesis exist. OBJECTIVES To investigate potential oncogenic effects of expressing recombinant type VII collagen in patient cells. METHODS We used retroviral transduction to introduce type VII collagen into keratinocytes derived from patients with and without RDEB. RESULTS Retroviral expression of type VII collagen in cSCC keratinocytes established from patients with RDEB resulted in increased cell adhesion, migration and invasion coupled with a concurrent increase in PI3K and MAPK signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest caution when formulating strategies where delivery of type VII collagen is likely to exceed levels seen under normal physiological conditions in a patient group with a higher inherent risk of developing skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pourreyron
- Division of Cancer Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, U.K
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35
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Ratliff ML, Mishra M, Frank MB, Guthridge JM, Webb CF. The Transcription Factor ARID3a Is Important for In Vitro Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:614-23. [PMID: 26685208 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that the transcription factor ARID3a is expressed in a subset of human hematopoietic progenitor stem cells in both healthy individuals and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Numbers of ARID3a(+) lupus hematopoietic stem progenitor cells were associated with increased production of autoreactive Abs when those cells were introduced into humanized mouse models. Although ARID3a/Bright knockout mice died in utero, they exhibited decreased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and erythrocytes, indicating that ARID3a is functionally important for hematopoiesis in mice. To explore the requirement for ARID3a for normal human hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell progenitors from human cord blood were subjected to both inhibition and overexpression of ARID3a in vitro. Inhibition of ARID3a resulted in decreased B lineage cell production accompanied by increases in cells with myeloid lineage markers. Overexpression of ARID3a inhibited both myeloid and erythroid differentiation. Additionally, inhibition of ARID3a in hematopoietic stem cells resulted in altered expression of transcription factors associated with hematopoietic lineage decisions. These results suggest that appropriate regulation of ARID3a is critical for normal development of both myeloid and B lineage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenu Mishra
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Mark B Frank
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | | | - Carol F Webb
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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36
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Choi S, Jung JE, Yang YR, Kim ES, Jang HJ, Kim EK, Kim IS, Lee JY, Kim JK, Seo JK, Kim JM, Park J, Suh PG, Choi JH. Novel phosphorylation of PPARγ ameliorates obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2488-95. [PMID: 26385316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is highly associated with insulin resistance. Herein, we demonstrate that a novel modification of PPARγ is strongly associated with inflammatory responses in adipose tissue. c-Src kinase directly phosphorylated PPARγ at Tyr78, and this process was reversed by protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B). In adipocytes, phosphorylation of PPARγ suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes as well as the secretion of chemokines and cytokines, thus reducing macrophage migration. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src kinase aggravated insulin resistance in obese mice with a concomitant increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in adipose tissue. These data strongly suggest that PPARγ phosphorylation is the key regulatory mechanism of the inflammatory response in adipose tissue, which is highly associated with glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, these data increase our understanding of the mechanical aspects of developing novel anti-diabetic drugs targeting PPARγ phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunsil Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Eung-Kyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Il Shin Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Joong Kwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jang Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea.
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37
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Tschan MP, Federzoni EA, Haimovici A, Britschgi C, Moser BA, Jin J, Reddy VA, Sheeter DA, Fischer KM, Sun P, Torbett BE. Human DMTF1β antagonizes DMTF1α regulation of the p14(ARF) tumor suppressor and promotes cellular proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:1198-208. [PMID: 26187004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The human DMTF1 (DMP1) transcription factor, a DNA binding protein that interacts with cyclin D, is a positive regulator of the p14ARF (ARF) tumor suppressor. Our earlier studies have shown that three differentially spliced human DMP1 mRNAs, α, β and γ, arise from the human gene. We now show that DMP1α, β and γ isoforms differentially regulate ARF expression and promote distinct cellular functions. In contrast to DMP1α, DMP1β and γ did not activate the ARF promoter, whereas only β resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of DMP1α-induced transactivation of the ARF promoter. Ectopic expression of DMP1β reduced endogenous ARF mRNA levels in human fibroblasts. The DMP1β- and γ-isoforms share domains necessary for the inhibitory function of the β-isoform. That DMP1β may interact with DMP1α to antagonize its function was shown in DNA binding assays and in cells by the close proximity of DMP1α/β in the nucleus. Cells stably expressing DMP1β, as well as shRNA targeting all DMP1 isoforms, disrupted cellular growth arrest induced by serum deprivation or in PMA-derived macrophages in the presence or absence of cellular p53. DMP1 mRNA levels in acute myeloid leukemia samples, as compared to granulocytes, were reduced. Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia patient samples with all-trans retinoic acid promoted differentiation to granulocytes and restored DMP1 transcripts to normal granulocyte levels. Our findings imply that DMP1α- and β-ratios are tightly regulated in hematopoietic cells and DMP1β antagonizes DMP1α transcriptional regulation of ARF resulting in the alteration of cellular control with a gain in proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario P Tschan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Federzoni
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aladin Haimovici
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | | | - Bettina A Moser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | | | - Dennis A Sheeter
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Peiqing Sun
- Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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38
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Goodings C, Smith E, Mathias E, Elliott N, Cleveland SM, Tripathi RM, Layer JH, Chen X, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Hamid R, Du Y, Davé UP. Hhex is Required at Multiple Stages of Adult Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2628-41. [PMID: 25968920 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hhex encodes a homeodomain transcription factor that is widely expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. Its enforced expression induces T-cell leukemia and we have implicated it as an important oncogene in early T-cell precursor leukemias where it is immediately downstream of an LMO2-associated protein complex. Conventional Hhex knockouts cause embryonic lethality precluding analysis of adult hematopoiesis. Thus, we induced highly efficient conditional knockout (cKO) using vav-Cre transgenic mice. Hhex cKO mice were viable and born at normal litter sizes. At steady state, we observed a defect in B-cell development that we localized to the earliest B-cell precursor, the pro-B-cell stage. Most remarkably, bone marrow transplantation using Hhex cKO donor cells revealed a more profound defect in all hematopoietic lineages. In contrast, sublethal irradiation resulted in normal myeloid cell repopulation of the bone marrow but markedly impaired repopulation of T- and B-cell compartments. We noted that Hhex cKO stem and progenitor cell populations were skewed in their distribution and showed enhanced proliferation compared to WT cells. Our results implicate Hhex in the maintenance of LT-HSCs and in lineage allocation from multipotent progenitors especially in stress hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalina Elliott
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Quantitative Sciences
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Quantitative Sciences
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Quantitative Sciences
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Utpal P Davé
- Department of Cancer Biology.,Division of Hematology/Oncology.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville VA, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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MK3 modulation affects BMI1-dependent and independent cell cycle check-points. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118840. [PMID: 25853770 PMCID: PMC4390245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the MK3 gene was originally found deleted in some cancers, it is highly expressed in others. The relevance of MK3 for oncogenesis is currently not clear. We recently reported that MK3 controls ERK activity via a negative feedback mechanism. This prompted us to investigate a potential role for MK3 in cell proliferation. We here show that overexpression of MK3 induces a proliferative arrest in normal diploid human fibroblasts, characterized by enhanced expression of replication stress- and senescence-associated markers. Surprisingly, MK3 depletion evokes similar senescence characteristics in the fibroblast model. We previously identified MK3 as a binding partner of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) proteins. In the current study we show that MK3 overexpression results in reduced cellular EZH2 levels and concomitant loss of epigenetic H3K27me3-marking and PRC1/chromatin-occupation at the CDKN2A/INK4A locus. In agreement with this, the PRC1 oncoprotein BMI1, but not the PCR2 protein EZH2, bypasses MK3-induced senescence in fibroblasts and suppresses P16INK4A expression. In contrast, BMI1 does not rescue the MK3 loss-of-function phenotype, suggesting the involvement of multiple different checkpoints in gain and loss of MK3 function. Notably, MK3 ablation enhances proliferation in two different cancer cells. Finally, the fibroblast model was used to evaluate the effect of potential tumorigenic MK3 driver-mutations on cell proliferation and M/SAPK signaling imbalance. Taken together, our findings support a role for MK3 in control of proliferation and replicative life-span, in part through concerted action with BMI1, and suggest that the effect of MK3 modulation or mutation on M/SAPK signaling and, ultimately, proliferation, is cell context-dependent.
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40
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Oligschlaeger Y, Miglianico M, Chanda D, Scholz R, Thali RF, Tuerk R, Stapleton DI, Gooley PR, Neumann D. The recruitment of AMP-activated protein kinase to glycogen is regulated by autophosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11715-28. [PMID: 25792737 PMCID: PMC4416872 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an obligatory αβγ heterotrimeric complex carrying a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) in the β-subunit (AMPKβ) capable of attaching AMPK to glycogen. Nonetheless, AMPK localizes at many different cellular compartments, implying the existence of mechanisms that prevent AMPK from glycogen binding. Cell-free carbohydrate binding assays revealed that AMPK autophosphorylation abolished its carbohydrate-binding capacity. X-ray structural data of the CBM displays the central positioning of threonine 148 within the binding pocket. Substitution of Thr-148 for a phospho-mimicking aspartate (T148D) prevents AMPK from binding to carbohydrate. Overexpression of isolated CBM or β1-containing AMPK in cellular models revealed that wild type (WT) localizes to glycogen particles, whereas T148D shows a diffuse pattern. Pharmacological AMPK activation and glycogen degradation by glucose deprivation but not forskolin enhanced cellular Thr-148 phosphorylation. Cellular glycogen content was higher if pharmacological AMPK activation was combined with overexpression of T148D mutant relative to WT AMPK. In summary, these data show that glycogen-binding capacity of AMPKβ is regulated by Thr-148 autophosphorylation with likely implications in the regulation of glycogen turnover. The findings further raise the possibility of regulated carbohydrate-binding function in a wider variety of CBM-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Miglianico
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Scholz
- the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and
| | - Ramon F Thali
- the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and
| | - Roland Tuerk
- the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and
| | | | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, the Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland, and
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Gillespie MA, Gold ES, Ramsey SA, Podolsky I, Aderem A, Ranish JA. An LXR-NCOA5 gene regulatory complex directs inflammatory crosstalk-dependent repression of macrophage cholesterol efflux. EMBO J 2015; 34:1244-58. [PMID: 25755249 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LXR-cofactor complexes activate the gene expression program responsible for cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Inflammation antagonizes this program, resulting in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this antagonism remain to be fully elucidated. We use promoter enrichment-quantitative mass spectrometry (PE-QMS) to characterize the composition of gene regulatory complexes assembled at the promoter of the lipid transporter Abca1 following downregulation of its expression. We identify a subset of proteins that show LXR ligand- and binding-dependent association with the Abca1 promoter and demonstrate they differentially control Abca1 expression. We determine that NCOA5 is linked to inflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and establish that NCOA5 functions as an LXR corepressor to attenuate Abca1 expression. Importantly, TLR3-LXR signal crosstalk promotes recruitment of NCOA5 to the Abca1 promoter together with loss of RNA polymerase II and reduced cholesterol efflux. Together, these data significantly expand our knowledge of regulatory inputs impinging on the Abca1 promoter and indicate a central role for NCOA5 in mediating crosstalk between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways that results in repression of macrophage cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Cheung L, Yu DM, Neiron Z, Failes TW, Arndt GM, Fletcher JI. Identification of new MRP4 inhibitors from a library of FDA approved drugs using a high-throughput bioluminescence screen. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:380-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Goodings C, Tripathi R, Cleveland SM, Elliott N, Guo Y, Shyr Y, Davé UP. Enforced expression of E47 has differential effects on Lmo2-induced T-cell leukemias. Leuk Res 2014; 39:100-9. [PMID: 25499232 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
LIM domain only-2 (LMO2) overexpression in T cells induces leukemia but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, Lmo2 is part of a protein complex comprised of class II basic helix loop helix proteins, Tal1and Lyl1. The latter transcription factors heterodimerize with E2A proteins like E47 and Heb to bind E boxes. LMO2 and TAL1 or LYL1 cooperate to induce T-ALL in mouse models, and are concordantly expressed in human T-ALL. Furthermore, LMO2 cooperates with the loss of E2A suggesting that LMO2 functions by creating a deficiency of E2A. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in Lmo2-induced T-ALL cell lines. We transduced these lines with an E47/estrogen receptor fusion construct that could be forced to homodimerize with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We discovered that forced homodimerization induced growth arrest in 2 of the 4 lines tested. The lines sensitive to E47 homodimerization accumulated in G1 and had reduced S phase entry. We analyzed the transcriptome of a resistant and a sensitive line to discern the E47 targets responsible for the cellular effects. Our results suggest that E47 has diverse effects in T-ALL but that functional deficiency of E47 is not a universal feature of Lmo2-induced T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnise Goodings
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rati Tripathi
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Susan M Cleveland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Utpal P Davé
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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RANKL inhibition blocks osteolytic lesions and reduces skeletal tumor burden in models of non-small-cell lung cancer bone metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:345-54. [PMID: 24496001 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone metastasis is a serious complication in patients with lung cancer, occurring in up to 40% of patients. Tumor cell-mediated osteolysis occurs ultimately through induction of RANK ligand (RANKL) within the bone stroma although this hypothesis has not been tested extensively in the setting of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By using two novel NSCLC bone metastasis mouse models, we examined the effects of RANKL inhibition on osteolysis and tumor progression. METHODS We treated mice bearing skeletal NSCLC tumors with osteoprotegerin-Fc (OPG-Fc) to assess whether osteoclast inhibition through RANKL inhibition would affect bone metastases at early or late stages of bone colonization. Progression of skeletal tumor was determined by radiography, longitudinal bioluminescent imaging, and histological analyses. RESULTS OPG-Fc reduced development and progression of radiographically evident osteolytic lesions and also significantly reduced skeletal tumor progression in both NSCLC bone metastasis models. In the H1299 human NSCLC bone metastasis model, OPG-Fc plus docetaxel in combination resulted in significantly greater inhibition of skeletal tumor growth compared with either single agent alone. The observed ability of RANKL inhibition to reduce NSCLC osteolytic bone destruction or skeletal tumor burden was associated with decreases in tumor-associated osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that RANKL is required for the development of tumor-induced osteolytic bone destruction caused by NSCLC cells in vivo. RANKL inhibition also reduced skeletal tumor burden, presumably through the indirect mechanism of blocking tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis and resultant production of growth factors and calcium from the bone microenvironment. RANKL inhibition also provided an additive benefit to docetaxel treatment by augmenting the reduction of tumor burden.
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45
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Skårn M, Noordhuis P, Wang MY, Veuger M, Kresse SH, Egeland EV, Micci F, Namløs HM, Håkelien AM, Olafsrud SM, Lorenz S, Haraldsen G, Kvalheim G, Meza-Zepeda LA, Myklebost O. Generation and characterization of an immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cell line. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2377-89. [PMID: 24857590 PMCID: PMC4172386 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) show great potential for clinical and experimental use due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages. However, disadvantages of primary cultures of hMSCs are the limited in vitro lifespan, and the variable properties of cells from different donors and over time in culture. In this article, we describe the generation of a telomerase-immortalized nontumorigenic human bone marrow-derived stromal mesenchymal cell line, and its detailed characterization after long-term culturing (up to 155 population doublings). The resulting cell line, iMSC#3, maintained a fibroblast-like phenotype comparable to early passages of primary hMSCs, and showed no major differences from hMSCs regarding surface marker expression. Furthermore, iMSC#3 had a normal karyotype, and high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization confirmed normal copy numbers. The gene expression profiles of immortalized and primary hMSCs were also similar, whereas the corresponding DNA methylation profiles were more diverse. The cells also had proliferation characteristics comparable to primary hMSCs and maintained the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. A detailed characterization of the mRNA and microRNA transcriptomes during adipocyte differentiation also showed that the iMSC#3 recapitulates this process at the molecular level. In summary, the immortalized mesenchymal cells represent a valuable model system that can be used for studies of candidate genes and their role in differentiation or oncogenic transformation, and basic studies of mesenchymal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne Skårn
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Noordhuis
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marjan Veuger
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Henrichson Kresse
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Valen Egeland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Maria Namløs
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Mari Håkelien
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Mjelstad Olafsrud
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Lorenz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Section of Vascular Endothelial Cells, Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo Andrés Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Jain N, Tan JH, Feng S, George B, Thanabalu T. X-linked thrombocytopenia causing mutations in WASP (L46P and A47D) impair T cell chemotaxis. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:91. [PMID: 25200405 PMCID: PMC4266975 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Protein (WASP) causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) and X-linked congenital neutropenia (XLN). The majority of missense mutations causing WAS and XLT are found in the WH1 (WASP Homology) domain of WASP, known to mediate interaction with WIP (WASP Interacting Protein) and CIB1 (Calcium and Integrin Binding). Results We analyzed two WASP missense mutants (L46P and A47D) causing XLT for their effects on T cell chemotaxis. Both mutants, WASPRL46P and WASPRA47D (S1-WASP shRNA resistant) expressed well in JurkatWASP-KD T cells (WASP knockdown), however expression of these two mutants did not rescue the chemotaxis defect of JurkatWASP-KD T cells towards SDF-1α. In addition JurkatWASP-KD T cells expressing these two WASP mutants were found to be defective in T cell polarization when stimulated with SDF-1α. WASP exists in a closed conformation in the presence of WIP, however both the mutants (WASPRL46P and WASPRA47D) were found to be in an open conformation as determined in the bi-molecular complementation assay. WASP protein undergoes proteolysis upon phosphorylation and this turnover of WASP is critical for T cell migration. Both the WASP mutants were found to be stable and have reduced tyrosine phosphorylation after stimulation with SDF-1α. Conclusion Thus our data suggest that missense mutations WASPRL46P or WASPRA47D affect the activity of WASP in T cell chemotaxis probably by affecting the turnover of the protein. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0091-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thirumaran Thanabalu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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47
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Kilic Eren M, Tabor V. The role of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in bypassing oncogene-induced senescence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101064. [PMID: 24984035 PMCID: PMC4077769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene induced senescence (OIS) is a sustained anti-proliferative response acutely induced in primary cells via activation of mitogenic oncogenes such as Ras/BRAF. This mechanism acts as an initial barrier preventing normal cells transformation into malignant cell. Besides oncogenic activation and DNA damage response (DDR), senescence is modulated by a plethora of other factors, and one of the most important one is oxygen tension of the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of hypoxia on RasV12-induced senescence in human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). We showed here that hypoxia prevents execution of oncogene induced senescence (OIS), through a strong down-regulation of senescence hallmarks, such as SA- β-galactosidase, H3K9me3, HP1γ, p53, p21CIP1 and p16INK4a in association with induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). In addition, hypoxia also decreased marks of H-RasV12-induced DDR in both cell lines through down-regulation of ATM/ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylation as well as decreased γ-H2AX positivity. Utilizing shRNA system targeting HIF-1α we show that HIF-1α is directly involved in down regulation of p53 and its target p21CIP1 but not p16INK4a. In line with this finding we found that knock down of HIF-1α leads to a strong induction of apoptotic response, but not restoration of senescence in Ras expressing HDFs in hypoxia. This indicates that HIF-1α is an important player in early steps of tumorigenesis, leading to suppression of senescence through its negative regulation of p53 and p21CIP1. In our work we describe a mechanism through which hypoxia and specifically HIF-1α preclude cells from maintaining senescence-driven anti proliferative response. These findings indicate the possible mechanism through which hypoxic environment helps premalignant cells to evade impingement of cellular failsafe pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Kilic Eren
- Department of Medical Biology, Adnan Menderes University Medical School and ADU-BILTEM, Aydin, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Vedrana Tabor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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van den Akker GGH, Surtel DAM, Cremers A, Rodrigues-Pinto R, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM, Voncken JW. Novel immortal human cell lines reveal subpopulations in the nucleus pulposus. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R135. [PMID: 24972717 PMCID: PMC4227062 DOI: 10.1186/ar4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Relatively little is known about cellular subpopulations in the mature nucleus pulposus (NP). Detailed understanding of the ontogenetic, cellular and molecular characteristics of functional intervertebral disc (IVD) cell populations is pivotal to the successful development of cell replacement therapies and IVD regeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether phenotypically distinct clonal cell lines representing different subpopulations in the human NP could be generated using immortalization strategies. Methods Nondegenerate healthy disc material (age range, 8 to 15 years) was obtained as surplus surgical material. Early passage NP monolayer cell cultures were initially characterized using a recently established NP marker set. NP cells were immortalized by simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LTag) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression. Immortalized cells were clonally expanded and characterized based on collagen type I, collagen type II, α1 (COL2A1), and SRY-box 9 (SOX9) protein expression profiles, as well as on expression of a subset of established in vivo NP cell lineage markers. Results A total of 54 immortal clones were generated. Profiling of a set of novel NP markers (CD24, CA12, PAX1, PTN, FOXF1 and KRT19 mRNA) in a representative set of subclones substantiated successful immortalization of multiple cellular subpopulations from primary isolates and confirmed their NP origin and/or phenotype. We were able to identify two predominant clonal NP subtypes based on their morphological characteristics and their ability to induce SOX9 and COL2A1 under conventional differentiation conditions. In addition, cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24)–negative NP responder clones formed spheroid structures in various culture systems, suggesting the preservation of a more immature phenotype compared to CD24-positive nonresponder clones. Conclusions Here we report the generation of clonal NP cell lines from nondegenerate human IVD tissue and present a detailed characterization of NP cellular subpopulations. Differential cell surface marker expression and divergent responses to differentiation conditions suggest that the NP subtypes may correspond to distinct maturation stages and represent distinct NP cell subpopulations. Hence, we provide evidence that the immortalization strategy that we applied is capable of detecting cell heterogeneity in the NP. Our cell lines yield novel insights into NP biology and provide promising new tools for studies of IVD development, cell function and disease.
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49
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Cheung L, Flemming CL, Watt F, Masada N, Yu DMT, Huynh T, Conseil G, Tivnan A, Polinsky A, Gudkov AV, Munoz MA, Vishvanath A, Cooper DMF, Henderson MJ, Cole SPC, Fletcher JI, Haber M, Norris MD. High-throughput screening identifies Ceefourin 1 and Ceefourin 2 as highly selective inhibitors of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4). Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:97-108. [PMID: 24973542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily, is an organic anion transporter capable of effluxing a wide range of physiologically important signalling molecules and drugs. MRP4 has been proposed to contribute to numerous functions in both health and disease; however, in most cases these links remain to be unequivocally established. A major limitation to understanding the physiological and pharmacological roles of MRP4 has been the absence of specific small molecule inhibitors, with the majority of established inhibitors also targeting other ABC transporter family members, or inhibiting the production, function or degradation of important MRP4 substrates. We therefore set out to identify more selective and well tolerated inhibitors of MRP4 that might be used to study the many proposed functions of this transporter. Using high-throughput screening, we identified two chemically distinct small molecules, Ceefourin 1 and Ceefourin 2, that inhibit transport of a broad range of MRP4 substrates, yet are highly selective for MRP4 over other ABC transporters, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), ABCG2 (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein; BCRP) and MRP1 (multidrug resistance protein 1; ABCC1). Both compounds are more potent MRP4 inhibitors in cellular assays than the most widely used inhibitor, MK-571, requiring lower concentrations to effect a comparable level of inhibition. Furthermore, Ceefourin 1 and Ceefourin 2 have low cellular toxicity, and high microsomal and acid stability. These newly identified inhibitors should be of great value for efforts to better understand the biological roles of MRP4, and may represent classes of compounds with therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Claudia L Flemming
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fujiko Watt
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nanako Masada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Denise M T Yu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tony Huynh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gwenaëlle Conseil
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Amanda Tivnan
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Marcia A Munoz
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anasuya Vishvanath
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Michelle J Henderson
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, PO Box 81, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia.
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50
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Watanabe M, Kudo Y, Kawano M, Nakayama M, Nakamura K, Kameda M, Ebara M, Sato T, Nakamura M, Omine K, Kametani Y, Suzuki R, Ogasawara K. NKG2D functions as an activating receptor on natural killer cells in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Int Immunol 2014; 26:597-606. [PMID: 24860119 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural killer group 2 membrane D (NKG2D) receptor is an NK-activating receptor that plays an important role in host defense against tumors and viral infections. Although the marmoset is an important and reliable animal model, especially for the study of human-specific viral infections, functional characterization of NKG2D on marmoset NK cells has not previously been conducted. In the present study, we investigated a subpopulation of marmoset NK cells that express NKG2D and exhibit cytolytic potential. On the basis of their CD16 and CD56 expression patterns, marmoset NK cells can be classified into three subpopulations: CD16(+) CD56(-), CD16(-) CD56(+) and CD16(-) CD56(-) cells. NKG2D expression on marmoset CD16(+) CD56(-) and CD16(-) CD56(+) splenocytes was confirmed using an NKG2D ligand composed of an MHC class I chain-related molecule A (MICA)-Fc fusion protein. When marmoset splenocytes were cultured with IL-2 for 4 days, NKG2D expression was retained on CD16(+) CD56(-) and CD16(-) CD56(+). In addition, CD16(+) CD56(+) cells within the marmoset NK population appeared which expressed NKG2D after IL-2 stimulation. IL-2-activated marmoset NK cells showed strong cytolytic activity against K562 target cells and target cells stably expressing MICA. Further, the cytolytic activity of marmoset splenocytes was significantly reduced after addition of MICA-Fc fusion protein. Thus, NKG2D functions as an activating receptor on marmoset NK cells that possesses cytotoxic potential, and phenotypic profiles of marmoset NK cell subpopulations are similar to those seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yohei Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kawano
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakayama
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mai Kameda
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masamune Ebara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeki Sato
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Marina Nakamura
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kaito Omine
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara 252-0315, Japan
| | - Kouetsu Ogasawara
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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