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Tikhonov AS, Mintaev RR, Glazkova DV, Bogoslovskaya EV, Shipulin GA. HIV Restriction Factor APOBEC3G and Prospects for Its Use in Gene Therapy for HIV. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Shilova ON, Tsyba DL, Shilov ES. Mutagenic Activity of AID/APOBEC Deaminases in Antiviral Defense and Carcinogenesis. Mol Biol 2022; 56:46-58. [PMID: 35194245 PMCID: PMC8852905 DOI: 10.1134/s002689332201006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the AID/APOBEC family are capable of cytidine deamination in nucleic acids forming uracil. These enzymes are involved in mRNA editing, protection against viruses, the introduction of point mutations into DNA during somatic hypermutation, and antibody isotype switching. Since these deaminases, especially AID, are potent mutagens, their expression, activity, and specificity are regulated by several intracellular mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of impaired expression and activation of AID/APOBEC proteins in human tumors and their role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Also, the diagnostic and potential therapeutic value of increased expression of AID/APOBEC in different types of tumors is analyzed. We assume that in the case of solid tumors, increased expression of endogenous deaminases can serve as a marker of response to immunotherapy since multiple point mutations in host DNA could lead to amino acid substitutions in tumor proteins and thereby increase the frequency of neoepitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. N. Shilova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - D. L. Tsyba
- Pavlov First State Medical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - E. S. Shilov
- Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Delviks-Frankenberry KA, Ackerman D, Timberlake ND, Hamscher M, Nikolaitchik OA, Hu WS, Torbett BE, Pathak VK. Development of Lentiviral Vectors for HIV-1 Gene Therapy with Vif-Resistant APOBEC3G. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:1023-1038. [PMID: 31778955 PMCID: PMC6889484 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to control HIV-1 replication without antiviral therapy are needed to achieve a functional cure. To exploit the innate antiviral function of restriction factor cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G), we developed self-activating lentiviral vectors that efficiently deliver HIV-1 Vif-resistant mutant A3G-D128K to target cells. To circumvent APOBEC3 expression in virus-producing cells, which diminishes virus infectivity, a vector containing two overlapping fragments of A3G-D128K was designed that maintained the gene in an inactive form in the virus-producer cells. However, during transduction of target cells, retroviral recombination between the direct repeats reconstituted an active A3G-D128K in 89%-98% of transduced cells. Lentiviral vectors that expressed A3G-D128K transduced CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with a high efficiency (>30%). A3G-D128K expression in T cell lines CEM, CEMSS, and PM1 potently inhibited spreading infection of several HIV-1 subtypes by C-to-U deamination leading to lethal G-to-A hypermutation and inhibition of reverse transcription. SIVmac239 and HIV-2 were not inhibited, since their Vifs degraded A3G-D128K. A3G-D128K expression in CEM cells potently suppressed HIV-1 replication for >3.5 months without detectable resistant virus, suggesting a high genetic barrier for the emergence of A3G-D128K resistance. Because of this, A3G-D128K expression in HIV-1 target cells is a potential anti-HIV gene therapy approach that could be combined with other therapies for the treatment and functional cure of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Delviks-Frankenberry
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel Ackerman
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Maria Hamscher
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Olga A Nikolaitchik
- Viral Recombination Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Wei-Shau Hu
- Viral Recombination Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Vinay K Pathak
- Viral Mutation Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Abstract
As the HIV pandemic rapidly spread worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s, a new approach to treat cancer, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases was also emerging. Cell and gene therapy strategies are connected with human pathologies at a fundamental level, by delivering DNA and RNA molecules that could correct and/or ameliorate the underlying genetic factors of any illness. The history of HIV gene therapy is especially intriguing, in that the virus that was targeted was soon co-opted to become part of the targeting strategy. Today, HIV-based lentiviral vectors, along with many other gene delivery strategies, have been used to evaluate HIV cure approaches in cell culture, small and large animal models, and in patients. Here, we trace HIV cell and gene therapy from the earliest clinical trials, using genetically unmodified cell products from the patient or from matched donors, through current state-of-the-art strategies. These include engineering HIV-specific immunity in T-cells, gene editing approaches to render all blood cells in the body HIV-resistant, and most importantly, combination therapies that draw from both of these respective "offensive" and "defensive" approaches. It is widely agreed upon that combinatorial approaches are the most promising route to functional cure/remission of HIV infection. This chapter outlines cell and gene therapy strategies that are poised to play an essential role in eradicating HIV-infected cells in vivo.
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Ao Z, Huang J, Tan X, Wang X, Tian T, Zhang X, Ouyang Q, Yao X. Characterization of the single cycle replication of HIV-1 expressing Gaussia luciferase in human PBMCs, macrophages, and in CD4+ T cell-grafted nude mouse. J Virol Methods 2016; 228:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang X, Ao Z, Bello A, Ran X, Liu S, Wigle J, Kobinger G, Yao X. Characterization of the inhibitory effect of an extract of Prunella vulgaris on Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP)-mediated virus entry and infection. Antiviral Res 2016; 127:20-31. [PMID: 26778707 PMCID: PMC7113790 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no approved antiviral therapeutic is available for treatment or prevention of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. In this study, we characterized an EBOV-glycoprotein (GP) pseudotyped HIV-1-based vector system in different cell cultures, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human macrophages, for the screening of anti-EBOV-GP agent(s). Based on this system, we demonstrated that an aqueous extract (CHPV) from the Chinese herb Prunella vulgaris displayed a potent inhibitory effect on EBOV-GP pseudotyped virus (EBOV-GP-V)-mediated infection in various cell lines, including HUVEC and macrophage. In addition, our results indicated that CHPV was able to block an eGFP-expressing Zaire ebola virus (eGFP-ZEBOV) infection in VeroE6 cells. The anti-EBOV activity of CHPV was exhibited in a dose-dependent manner. At a 12.5 μg/ml concentration, the CHPV showed a greater than 80% inhibition of EBOV-GP-V and eGFP-EBOV infections. Likewise, our studies suggested that the inhibitory effect of CHPV occurred by binding directly to EBOV-GP-Vs and blocking the early viral events. Interestingly, our results have shown that CHPV was able to enhance the anti-EBOV activity of the monoclonal antibody MAb 2G4 against EBOV-GP. Overall, this study provides evidence that CHPV has anti-EBOV activity and may be developed as a novel antiviral approach against EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Alexander Bello
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
| | - Xiaozhuo Ran
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Jeffrey Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China.
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Katuwal M, Wang Y, Schmitt K, Guo K, Halemano K, Santiago ML, Stephens EB. Cellular HIV-1 inhibition by truncated old world primate APOBEC3A proteins lacking a complete deaminase domain. Virology 2014; 468-470:532-544. [PMID: 25262471 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The APOBEC3 (A3) deaminases are retrovirus restriction factors that were proposed as inhibitory components of HIV-1 gene therapy vectors. However, A3 mutational activity may induce undesired genomic damage and enable HIV-1 to evade drugs and immune responses. Here, we show that A3A protein from Colobus guereza (colA3A) can restrict HIV-1 replication in producer cells in a deaminase-independent manner without inducing DNA damage. Neither HIV-1 reverse transcription nor integration were significantly affected by colA3A, but capsid protein synthesis was inhibited. The determinants for colA3A restriction mapped to the N-terminal region. These properties extend to A3A from mandrills and De Brazza's monkeys. Surprisingly, truncated colA3A proteins expressing only the N-terminal 100 amino acids effectively exclude critical catalytic regions but retained potent cellular restriction activity. These highlight a unique mechanism of cellular HIV-1 restriction by several Old World monkey A3A proteins that may be exploited for functional HIV-1 cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Katuwal
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kimberly Schmitt
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kejun Guo
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kalani Halemano
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward B Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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8
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Badley AD. "Much ado to achieve nothing: prospects for curing HIV infection". MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:9. [PMID: 26056578 PMCID: PMC4452067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is significant scientific effort being directed at developing ways to create either a sterilizing cure, or functional cure for HIV infection. Multiple approaches are being evaluated under the broad headings of gene therapy, immune based interventions, and treatments which depend upon HIV reactivation from latency to cause the death of cells which harbor the virus. Molecular and Cellular Therapies (MCT) welcomes all manuscripts devoted to increasing our understanding of determinants of affecting a cure for HIV and mechanistic studies determine the cellular and viral interventions necessary for achieving HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Badley
- />Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
- />Division of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
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Wang X, Ao Z, Danappa Jayappa K, Shi B, Kobinger G, Yao X. R88-APOBEC3Gm Inhibits the Replication of Both Drug-resistant Strains of HIV-1 and Viruses Produced From Latently Infected Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e151. [PMID: 24594845 PMCID: PMC4027983 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance and the latent reservoir are the two major obstacles to effectively controlling and curing HIV-1 infection. Therefore, it is critical to develop therapeutic strategies specifically targeting these two obstacles. Recently, we described a novel anti-HIV approach based on a modified human intrinsic restriction factor, R88-APOBEC3G (R88-A3G). In this study, we further characterized the antiviral potential of R88-A3GD128K (R88-A3Gm) against drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 and viruses produced from latently infected cells. We delivered R88-A3Gm into target cells using a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible lentiviral vector and demonstrated that its expression and antiviral activity were highly regulated by Dox. In the presence of Dox, R88-A3Gm–transduced T cells were resistant to infection caused by wild-type and various drug-resistant strains of HIV-1. Moreover, when the R88-A3Gm–expressing vector was transduced into the HIV-1 latently infected ACH-2 cell line or human CD4+ T cells, on activation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or phytohemaglutinin, R88-A3Gm was able to curtail the replication of progeny viruses. Altogether, these data clearly indicate that R88-A3Gm is a highly potent HIV-1 inhibitor, and R88-A3Gm–based anti-HIV gene therapy is capable of targeting both active and latent HIV-1–infected cells to prevent subsequent viral replication and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kallesh Danappa Jayappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bei Shi
- Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Chan E, Towers GJ, Qasim W. Gene therapy strategies to exploit TRIM derived restriction factors against HIV-1. Viruses 2014; 6:243-63. [PMID: 24424502 PMCID: PMC3917441 DOI: 10.3390/v6010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction factors are a collection of antiviral proteins that form an important aspect of the innate immune system. Their constitutive expression allows immediate response to viral infection, ahead of other innate or adaptive immune responses. We review the molecular mechanism of restriction for four categories of restriction factors; TRIM5, tetherin, APOBEC3G and SAMHD1 and go on to consider how the TRIM5 and TRIMCyp proteins in particular, show promise for exploitation using gene therapy strategies. Such approaches could form an important alternative to current anti-HIV-1 drug regimens, especially if combined with strategies to eradicate HIV reservoirs. Autologous CD4+ T cells or their haematopoietic stem cell precursors engineered to express TRIMCyp restriction factors, and provided in a single therapeutic intervention could then be used to restore functional immunity with a pool of cells protected against HIV. We consider the challenges ahead and consider how early clinical phase testing may best be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Chan
- Centre for Gene Therapy, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Greg J Towers
- Centre for Gene Therapy, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Waseem Qasim
- Centre for Gene Therapy, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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11
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Badley AD. "Much ado to achieve nothing: prospects for curing HIV infection". MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:9. [PMID: 26056578 PMCID: PMC4452067 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is significant scientific effort being directed at developing ways to create either a sterilizing cure, or functional cure for HIV infection. Multiple approaches are being evaluated under the broad headings of gene therapy, immune based interventions, and treatments which depend upon HIV reactivation from latency to cause the death of cells which harbor the virus. Molecular and Cellular Therapies (MCT) welcomes all manuscripts devoted to increasing our understanding of determinants of affecting a cure for HIV and mechanistic studies determine the cellular and viral interventions necessary for achieving HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA ; Division of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota USA
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12
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A naturally occurring Vif mutant (I107T) attenuates anti-APOBEC3G activity and HIV-1 replication. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2840-52. [PMID: 23707381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein counteracts the antiviral activity of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family of proteins by targeting the proteins for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Previous mutagenic studies have shown that multiple domains of Vif are required for interacting with APOBEC3G proteins and the proteasome pathway. However, very few mutagenesis and functional analyses of patient-derived Vif proteins have been conducted. In this study, we amplified and cloned the HIV-1 vif genes from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of five HIV-1-infected individuals in Nairobi and further tested the impact of the genes on anti-A3G activity and HIV-1 replication. The gene sequence analysis revealed high genetic variation of vif genes from different HIV-1-infected individuals. Interestingly, the Vif proteins derived from two of the three long-term survivors (LTSs) displayed a significantly impaired ability to mediate the degradation of A3G. In particular, a single amino acid change (I107T) in one of the non-functional LTS Vif variants, which has not been previously identified in the Los Alamos databases of vif sequences, was found to be responsible for the lack of anti-A3G activity. Further study demonstrated that HIV-1 carrying an I107T Vif mutation displayed significantly reduced fitness in A3G(+) T cells and PBMCs. Moreover, co-infecting A3G(+) T cells with both the wild-type and I107T Vif viruses resulted in decreased viral replication. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the HIV-1 Vif residue I107 is important for its anti-APOBEC3G activity and viral replication, which may have implications for viral fitness in vivo.
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Characterization of antiviral activity of benzamide derivative AH0109 against HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3547-54. [PMID: 23669388 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00100-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of an effective vaccine against HIV-1 infection, anti-HIV-1 strategies play a major role in disease control. However, the rapid emergence of drug resistance against all currently used anti-HIV-1 molecules necessitates the development of new antiviral molecules and/or strategies against HIV-1 infection. In this study, we have identified a benzamide derivative named AH0109 that exhibits potent anti-HIV-1 activity at an 50% effective concentration of 0.7 μM in HIV-1-susceptible CD4(+) C8166 T cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed that AH0109 significantly inhibits both HIV-1 reverse transcription and viral cDNA nuclear import. Furthermore, our infection experiments indicated that AH0109 is capable of disrupting the replication of HIV-1 strains that are resistant to the routinely used anti-HIV-1 drugs zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, and raltegravir. Together, these findings provide evidence for a newly identified antiviral molecule that can potentially be developed as an anti-HIV-1 agent.
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Münk C, Jensen BEO, Zielonka J, Häussinger D, Kamp C. Running loose or getting lost: how HIV-1 counters and capitalizes on APOBEC3-induced mutagenesis through its Vif protein. Viruses 2012; 4:3132-61. [PMID: 23202519 PMCID: PMC3509687 DOI: 10.3390/v4113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) dynamics reflect an intricate balance within the viruses’ host. The virus relies on host replication factors, but must escape or counter its host’s antiviral restriction factors. The interaction between the HIV-1 protein Vif and many cellular restriction factors from the APOBEC3 protein family is a prominent example of this evolutionary arms race. The viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein largely neutralizes APOBEC3 proteins, which can induce in vivo hypermutations in HIV-1 to the extent of lethal mutagenesis, and ensures the production of viable virus particles. HIV-1 also uses the APOBEC3-Vif interaction to modulate its own mutation rate in harsh or variable environments, and it is a model of adaptation in a coevolutionary setting. Both experimental evidence and the substantiation of the underlying dynamics through coevolutionary models are presented as complementary views of a coevolutionary arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Münk
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.M.); (B.-E.O.J.); (J.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Björn-Erik O. Jensen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.M.); (B.-E.O.J.); (J.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Jörg Zielonka
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.M.); (B.-E.O.J.); (J.Z.); (D.H.)
- Roche Glycart AG, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.M.); (B.-E.O.J.); (J.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Christel Kamp
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
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15
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Burnett JC, Zaia JA, Rossi JJ. Creating genetic resistance to HIV. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:625-32. [PMID: 22985479 PMCID: PMC3478429 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS remains a chronic and incurable disease, in spite of the notable successes of combination antiretroviral therapy. Gene therapy offers the prospect of creating genetic resistance to HIV that supplants the need for antiviral drugs. In sight of this goal, a variety of anti-HIV genes have reached clinical testing, including gene-editing enzymes, protein-based inhibitors, and RNA-based therapeutics. Combinations of therapeutic genes against viral and host targets are designed to improve the overall antiviral potency and reduce the likelihood of viral resistance. In cell-based therapies, therapeutic genes are expressed in gene modified T lymphocytes or in hematopoietic stem cells that generate an HIV-resistant immune system. Such strategies must promote the selective proliferation of the transplanted cells and the prolonged expression of therapeutic genes. This review focuses on the current advances and limitations in genetic therapies against HIV, including the status of several recent and ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Burnett
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John A. Zaia
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John J. Rossi
- Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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16
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Ao Z, Jayappa KD, Wang B, Zheng Y, Wang X, Peng J, Yao X. Contribution of host nucleoporin 62 in HIV-1 integrase chromatin association and viral DNA integration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:10544-10555. [PMID: 22308026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.317057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integration is promoted by viral integrase (IN) and its cellular cofactors. The lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75), an IN interacting cellular cofactor, has been shown to play an important role in HIV-1 chromatin targeting and integration. However, whether other cellular cofactors are also involved in viral replication steps is still elusive. Here, we show that nucleoporin 62 (Nup62) is a chromatin-bound protein and can specifically interact with HIV-1 IN in both soluble nuclear extract and chromatin-bound fractions. The knockdown of Nup62 by shRNA reduced the association of IN with host chromatin and significantly impaired viral integration and replication in HIV-1-susceptible cells. Furthermore, the expression of the IN-binding region of Nup62 in CD4(+) T cells significantly inhibited HIV-1 infection. Taken together, these results indicate that the cellular Nup62 is specifically recruited by HIV-1 IN and contribute to an efficient viral DNA integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kallesh Danappa Jayappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Binchen Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Jinyu Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.
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