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Pandey VK, Srivastava S, Ashish, Dash KK, Singh R, Dar AH, Singh T, Farooqui A, Shaikh AM, Kovacs B. Bioactive properties of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil nanoemulsion: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22437. [PMID: 38163240 PMCID: PMC10755278 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum, commonly called clove, is a culinary spice with medical uses. Clove is utilized in cosmetics, medicine, gastronomy, and agriculture due to its abundance of bioactive components such as gallic acid, flavonoids, eugenol acetate, and eugenol. Clove essential oil has been revealed to have antibacterial, antinociceptive, antibacterial activities, antifungal, and anticancerous qualities. Anti-inflammatory chemicals, including eugenol and flavonoids, are found in clove that help decrease inflammation and alleviate pain. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic qualities of clove oil have made it a popular natural cure for toothaches and gum discomfort. Due to its therapeutic potential, it has been used as a bioactive ingredient in coating fresh fruits and vegetables. This review article outlines the potential food processing applications of clove essential oil. The chemical structures of components, bioactive properties, and medicinal potential of clove essential oil, including phytochemical importance in food, have also been thoroughly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Srivastava
- Department of Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshirod Kumar Dash
- Department of Food Processing Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology (GKCIET), Malda, West Bengal, 732141, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaz Mukkaram Shaikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Bela Kovacs
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Xue Q, Xiang Z, Wang S, Cong Z, Gao P, Liu X. Recent advances in nutritional composition, phytochemistry, bioactive, and potential applications of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002147. [PMID: 36313111 PMCID: PMC9614275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium aromaticum is an aromatic plant native to Indonesia, and introduced to tropical regions worldwide. As an ingredient in perfumes, lotions, and food preservation, it is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. Also, it is used to treat toothache, ulcers, type 2 diabetes, etc. A variety of nutrients such as amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, and vitamins are found in S. aromaticum. In addition to eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol acetate, β-caryophyllene and α-humulene are the main chemical constituents. The chemical constituents of S. aromaticum exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, analgesic, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, antiulcer, etc. This review aims to comprehend the information on its taxonomy and botany, nutritional composition, chemical composition, bioactivities and their mechanisms, toxicity, and potential applications. This review will be a comprehensive scientific resource for those interested in pursuing further research to explore its value in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatmen, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,Peng Gao,
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Xiaonan Liu,
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Peng C, Sang S, Shen X, Zhang W, Yan J, Chen P, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Zhu W, Yao M. In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Syzygium aromaticum and the preliminary mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114995. [PMID: 35032584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M Perry (S. aromaticum) (Myrtaceae), also known as clove, was used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to aid gastrointestinal function and treat stomach disorders including vomiting, flatulence and nausea. And it is a food homology medicine which is a promising candidate for H. pylori treatment. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the human population worldwide, which is closely related to multiple gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. However, there are still no sufficient studies on the anti-H. pylori activity of S. aromaticum, especially for the mechanism of action. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to study the antibacterial activities of S. aromaticum extracts on both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant H. pylori strains, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The S. aromaticum extracts were obtained by heat reflux extraction and lyophilized to powder form. The phytochemical analyses were performed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In vitro anti-H. pylori activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method. Mechanism of action studies included morphological observation using electron microscopy, determination of expression of virulence genes by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), genes expression profile identification by transcriptomic analysis, and exploration of anti-H. pylori infection mechanisms by network pharmacology analysis and western blotting validation. RESULTS The S. aromaticum extracts, aqueous extract (AE) and 75% hydroalcoholic extract (HE), exerted significant antibacterial activities against both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant H. pylori strains with MICs of 160∼320 μg/ml, without developing drug resistance. Among them, AE was bactericide to all the tested strains with MBCs of less than 4MIC, while HE was merely bacteriostatic to most of the tested strains with MBCs of 2MIC∼16MIC. Besides, they showed no antagonistic effects in combination with clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin. Additionally, these extracts altered the morphology and ultrastructure and down-regulated the virulence genes expression of H. pylori. And transcriptomic analysis showed that they regulated genes expression of multiple H. pylori biological processes, including tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC) and pyruvate metabolic pathways. Furthermore, these extracts combated the abnormal activation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways caused by H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present study firstly analyzed the chemical compositions of S. aromaticum extracts, and then confirmed their activities on both antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant H. pylori strains. In addition, the mechanisms of action of S. aromaticum extracts against H. pylori were found to be destroying the bacterial structure, down-regulating the expression of virulence genes, and interfering TAC and pyruvate metabolic pathways. Finally, S. aromaticum extracts were found to combated the abnormal activation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways to treat H. pylori infection. This study should accelerate further research and application of S. aromaticum against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Shuyi Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Xue Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiahui Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Pengting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Yuemei Yuan
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, China.
| | - Meicun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Francini F, Schinella GR, Ríos JL. Activation of AMPK by Medicinal Plants and Natural Products: Its Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:880-901. [PMID: 30484403 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666181128120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by permanent hyperglycemia, whose development can be prevented or delayed by using therapeutic agents and implementing lifestyle changes. Some therapeutic alternatives include regulation of glycemia through modulation of different mediators and enzymes, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly relevant cellular energy sensor for metabolic homeostasis regulation, with particular relevance in the modulation of liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. This makes it a potential therapeutic target for antidiabetic drugs. In fact, some of them are standard drugs used for treatment of T2D, such as biguanides and thiazolidindiones. In this review, we compile the principal natural products that are activators of AMPK and their effect on glucose metabolism, which could make them candidates as future antidiabetic agents. Phenolics such as flavonoids and resveratrol, alkaloids such as berberine, and some saponins are potential natural activators of AMPK with a potential future as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Francini
- Centro de Endocrinologia Experimental y Aplicada, (CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP FCM, CEAS CICPBA), Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra de Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Experimental evaluation of a polyherbal formulation (Tetraherbs): antidiabetic efficacy in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ladurner A, Zehl M, Grienke U, Hofstadler C, Faur N, Pereira FC, Berry D, Dirsch VM, Rollinger JM. Allspice and Clove As Source of Triterpene Acids Activating the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:468. [PMID: 28769799 PMCID: PMC5511840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions. A major regulator of metabolic processes that gained interest in recent years is the bile acid receptor TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). This G protein-coupled membrane receptor can be found predominantly in the intestine, where it is mainly responsible for the secretion of the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). The aim of this study was (i) to identify plant extracts with TGR5-activating potential, (ii) to narrow down their activity to the responsible constituents, and (iii) to assess whether the intestinal microbiota produces transformed metabolites with a different activity profile. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) served as positive control for both, the applied cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay for TGR5 activity and the biotransformation assay using mouse fecal slurry. The suitability of the workflow was demonstrated by the biotransformation of CDCA to lithocholic acid resulting in a distinct increase in TGR5 activity. Based on a traditional Tibetan formula, 19 plant extracts were selected and investigated for TGR5 activation. Extracts from the commonly used spices Syzygium aromaticum (SaroE, clove), Pimenta dioica (PdioE, allspice), and Kaempferia galanga (KgalE, aromatic ginger) significantly increased TGR5 activity. After biotransformation, only KgalE showed significant differences in its metabolite profile, which, however, did not alter its TGR5 activity compared to non-transformed KgalE. UHPLC-HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrometry) analysis revealed triterpene acids (TTAs) as the main constituents of the extracts SaroE and PdioE. Identification and quantification of TTAs in these two extracts as well as comparison of their TGR5 activity with reconstituted TTA mixtures allowed the attribution of the TGR5 activity to TTAs. EC50s were determined for the main TTAs, i.e., oleanolic acid (2.2 ± 1.6 μM), ursolic acid (1.1 ± 0.2 μM), as well as for the hitherto unknown TGR5 activators corosolic acid (0.5 ± 1.0 μM) and maslinic acid (3.7 ± 0.7 μM). In conclusion, extracts of clove, allspice, and aromatic ginger activate TGR5, which might play a pivotal role in their therapeutic use for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Moreover, the TGR5 activation of SaroE and PdioE could be pinpointed solely to TTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hofstadler
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nadina Faur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Fátima C. Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Ghaffar S, Afridi SK, Aftab MF, Murtaza M, Hafizur RM, Sara S, Begum S, Waraich RS. Clove and Its Active Compound Attenuate Free Fatty Acid-Mediated Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Cells and in Mice. J Med Food 2017; 20:335-344. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Safina Ghaffar
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Meha Fatima Aftab
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Murtaza
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rahman M. Hafizur
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sara Sara
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rizwana Sanaullah Waraich
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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