1
|
Nolt M, Connor J. Implications of Iron in Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis as Potential Players in TBI Morbidity and Mortality. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2394352. [PMID: 39249102 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2394352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical transition metal required to sustain a healthy central nervous system. Iron is involved in metabolic reactions, enzymatic activity, myelinogenesis, and oxygen transport. However, in several pathological conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and neurotrauma iron becomes elevated. Excessive iron can have deleterious effects leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Iron-derived ROS are known to drive several mechanisms such as cell death pathways including ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Excessive iron present in the post-traumatic brain could trigger these harmful pathways potentiating the high rates of morbidity and mortality. In the present review, we will discuss how iron plays an intricate role in initiating ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, examine their potential link to traumatic brain injury morbidity and mortality, and suggest therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie Nolt
- Neurosurgery Department, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Connor
- Neurosurgery Department, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin Z, Wan B, Gong G, Yin J. ROS: Executioner of regulating cell death in spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330678. [PMID: 38322262 PMCID: PMC10844444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The damage to the central nervous system and dysfunction of the body caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) are extremely severe. The pathological process of SCI is accompanied by inflammation and injury to nerve cells. Current evidence suggests that oxidative stress, resulting from an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in its clearance, plays a significant role in the secondary damage during SCI. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a crucial regulatory molecule for cellular redox. This review summarizes recent advancements in the regulation of ROS-Nrf2 signaling and focuses on the interaction between ROS and the regulation of different modes of neuronal cell death after SCI, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, we highlight the pathways through which materials science, including exosomes, hydrogels, and nanomaterials, can alleviate SCI by modulating ROS production and clearance. This review provides valuable insights and directions for reducing neuronal cell death and alleviating SCI through the regulation of ROS and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University/Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangning Clinical Teaching Hospitals of Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei Z, Yu H, Zhao H, Wei M, Xing H, Pei J, Yang Y, Ren K. Broadening horizons: ferroptosis as a new target for traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad051. [PMID: 38250705 PMCID: PMC10799763 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ~50 million people experiencing TBI each year. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron ion-catalyzed and reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation, has been identified as a potential contributor to traumatic central nervous system conditions, suggesting its involvement in the pathogenesis of TBI. Alterations in iron metabolism play a crucial role in secondary injury following TBI. This study aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in TBI, focusing on iron metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders and the regulatory axis of system Xc-/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 in TBI. Additionally, we examined the involvement of ferroptosis in the chronic TBI stage. Based on these findings, we discuss potential therapeutic interventions targeting ferroptosis after TBI. In conclusion, this review provides novel insights into the pathology of TBI and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Longhu Middle Ring Road, Jinshui District, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingze Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Harbin Medical University, No. 263, Kaiyuan Avenue, Luolong District, Harbin, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Henan province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 198, Funiu Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juan SMA, Daglas M, Truong PH, Mawal C, Adlard PA. Alterations in iron content, iron-regulatory proteins and behaviour without tau pathology at one year following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:118. [PMID: 37464280 PMCID: PMC10353227 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) has increasingly become recognised as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are characterised by tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and behavioural impairments. We aimed to characterise the status of tau and the involvement of iron dyshomeostasis in repetitive controlled cortical impact injury (5 impacts, 48 h apart) in 3-month-old C57Bl6 mice at the chronic (12-month) time point. We performed a battery of behavioural tests, characterised the status of neurodegeneration-associated proteins (tau and tau-regulatory proteins, amyloid precursor protein and iron-regulatory proteins) via western blot; and metal levels using bulk inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We report significant changes in various ipsilateral iron-regulatory proteins following five but not a single injury, and significant increases in contralateral iron, zinc and copper levels following five impacts. There was no evidence of tau pathology or changes in tau-regulatory proteins following five impacts, although some changes were observed following a single injury. Five impacts resulted in significant gait deficits, mild anhedonia and mild cognitive deficits at 9-12 months post-injury, effects not seen following a single injury. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to describe chronic changes in metals and iron-regulatory proteins in a mouse model of r-mTBI, providing a strong indication towards an overall increase in brain iron levels (and other metals) in the chronic phase following r-mTBI. These results bring to question the relevance of tau and highlight the involvement of iron dysregulation in the development and/or progression of neurodegeneration following injury, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Daglas
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Phan H Truong
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Celeste Mawal
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia YJ, Li QS. Ferroptosis: a critical player and potential therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:506-512. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
6
|
Smith AN, Shaughness M, Collier S, Hopkins D, Byrnes KR. Therapeutic targeting of microglia mediated oxidative stress after neurotrauma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1034692. [PMID: 36405593 PMCID: PMC9671221 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1034692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a primary component of the central nervous system injury response. Traumatic brain and spinal cord injury are characterized by a pronounced microglial response to damage, including alterations in microglial morphology and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The acute activity of microglia may be beneficial to recovery, but continued inflammation and ROS production is deleterious to the health and function of other cells. Microglial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX), mitochondria, and changes in iron levels are three of the most common sources of ROS. All three play a significant role in post-traumatic brain and spinal cord injury ROS production and the resultant oxidative stress. This review will evaluate the current state of therapeutics used to target these avenues of microglia-mediated oxidative stress after injury and suggest avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin N. Smith
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sean Collier
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deanna Hopkins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly R. Byrnes
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ji Y, Zheng K, Li S, Ren C, Shen Y, Tian L, Zhu H, Zhou Z, Jiang Y. Insight into the potential role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1005182. [PMID: 36385946 PMCID: PMC9647641 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1005182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered way of programmed cell death, mainly caused by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides in cells, which is morphologically, biochemically and genetically different from the previously reported apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Studies have found that ferroptosis plays a key role in the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia, which suggest that ferroptosis may be involved in regulating the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. At present, on the underlying mechanism of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases is still unclear, and relevant research is urgently needed to clarify the regulatory mechanism and provide the possibility for the development of agents targeting ferroptosis. This review focused on the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its various effects in neurodegenerative diseases, in order to provide reference for the research on ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ji
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiming Li
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Caili Ren
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Tian
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Haohao Zhu
| | - Zhenhe Zhou
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Zhenhe Zhou
| | - Ying Jiang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
- Ying Jiang
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu C, Du M, Yu R, Cheng Y, Wu B, Fu J, Tan W, Zhou Q, Balawi E, Liao ZB. A novel mechanism linking ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the circPtpn14/miR-351-5p/5-LOX signaling in melatonin-mediated treatment of traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:271-294. [PMID: 34883251 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to disability or devastating consequences with few established treatments. Although ferroptosis has been shown to be involved in TBI, the underlying mechanism was rarely known. Melatonin has been indicated to exhibit neuroprotective activities. However, the anti-ferroptotic effects of melatonin on TBI have not yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis was induced in humans after TBI and whether ferroptosis inhibition by melatonin could protect against blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after TBI in vivo and in vitro. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the brain. For the first time, differentially expressed circRNA after melatonin treatment for TBI were detected by RNA sequencing. We found that lipid peroxidation was induced in humans after TBI, while melatonin significantly improved brain function of mice after TBI and alleviated ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in vivo and in vitro. A total of 1826 differentially expressed circRNAs were found (fold change >2, Q < 0.01), including 921 down-regulated and 905 up-regulated circRNAs in the injured brain tissues of TBI mice receiving melatonin treatment. Mechanistically, melatonin administration reduced the level of circPtpn14 (mmu_circ_0000130), which functioned by acting as a miR-351-5p sponge to positively regulate the expression of the ferroptosis-related 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Moreover, circPtpn14 overexpression partly abolished the inhibitory effects of melatonin on ferroptosis. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that melatonin could exert anti-ferroptotic and anti-ER stress effects in brain injury by alleviating lipid peroxidation via the circPtpn14/miR-351-5p/5-LOX signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Biying Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weilin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Z B Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adel RM, Lotfy RA, Darwish AS, Amer AS. Destructive effect of iron overload in brain tissue of albino rats: Ameliorative role of silver immobilized organo-modified casein nanocomposite as co-treating agent with Deferasirox. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126794. [PMID: 34052583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) is one of the most essential trace elements in the body that play crucial role in organisms' survival, however, excess deposition of it puts patients at higher risk of iron overload and tissue injury through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation of oxidative stress, development of endocrine disorders among which hypogonadism, and increased incidence of cells damage in vital organs. As deferasirox (DFX) is an approved Fe chelator drug, its inability to cross blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a definite obstacle against its use as Fe chelator in the brain. Lately, attention to nanoparticles usage in researches has been widely grown since their role in improving drug therapeutic effects and scavenging free radicals make them good candidates as chelating and antioxidant agents. AIMS Herein, after induction of iron overload, organo-modified casein immobilized silver nanocomposite (Ag@Tr-CA) was designed and explored as combined therapy with DFX drug to develop its penetrating efficiency toward BBB and its Fe chelating affinity. Moreover, to distinguish the advanced antioxidant character as well as the beneficial impact of it on lowering brain's oxidative stress. Meanwhile, its capability in regulating serum pituitary hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone (T), ameliorating DNA damage, and improving brain's histopathological alterations was also assessed. METHODS The physicochemical characteristics of Ag@Tr-CA was carried out using X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analyses. Effect of iron overload and subsequent treatment with DFX + Ag@Tr-CA on brain of adult male albino rats were evaluated using colorimetric methods to determine brain Fe concentration and brain oxidative stress biomarkers. Assessment of serum Fe indices and serum pituitary hormones (FSH, LH, PRL) and T were estimated by ELISA technique. Determination of DNA damage in cerebral cortex cells was accomplished using the alkaline version of comet assay, while detection of brain's histopathological alterations was performed by examination of H&E sections under light microscope. RESULTS The physicochemical characteristics of Ag@Tr-CA showing the proficiency of Ag nanoparticles (∼35 nm) in creating highly-ordered negatively charged micro-sized casein particles (∼450 μm). After induction of iron overload, DFX + Ag@Tr-CA combination efficiently down brain Fe concentration, brain oxidative stress markers, and DNA damage in cerebral cortex cells linked with improvements in brain histopathological alterations. Comparing DFX therapeutic action alone to its combination to whether Ag@Tr-CA or Tr-CA (organo-modified cross-linked casein nanoparticles) as co-treating agents revealed no significant effect on serum Fe indices, FSH, LH, PRL, and T against iron overload disease. CONCLUSION The present results showed that combination of Ag@Tr-CA nanocomposite with DFX makes it a promising co-treating agent against iron overload through improving the physiological, molecular, and histological structure of the brain in iron overloaded rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania A Lotfy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Atef S Darwish
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany S Amer
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, 11757, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gaur K, Pérez Otero SC, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Rodríguez I, Loza-Rosas SA, Vázquez Salgado AM, Akam EA, Hernández-Matias L, Sharma RK, Alicea N, Kowaleff M, Washington AV, Astashkin AV, Tomat E, Tinoco AD. Iron Chelator Transmetalative Approach to Inhibit Human Ribonucleotide Reductase. JACS AU 2021; 1:865-878. [PMID: 34240081 PMCID: PMC8243325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Efforts directed at curtailing the bioavailability of intracellular iron could lead to the development of broad-spectrum anticancer drugs given the metal's role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. Human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the key enzyme responsible for synthesizing the building blocks of DNA replication and repair, depends on Fe binding at its R2 subunit to activate the catalytic R1 subunit. This work explores an intracellular iron chelator transmetalative approach to inhibit RNR using the titanium(IV) chemical transferrin mimetic (cTfm) compounds Ti(HBED) and Ti(Deferasirox)2. Whole-cell EPR studies reveal that the compounds can effectively attenuate RNR activity though seemingly causing different changes to the labile iron pool that may account for differences in their potency against cells. Studies of Ti(IV) interactions with the adenosine nucleotide family at pH 7.4 reveal strong metal binding and extensive phosphate hydrolysis, which suggest the capacity of the metal to disturb the nucleotide substrate pool of the RNR enzyme. By decreasing intracellular Fe bioavailability and altering the nucleotide substrate pool, the Ti cTfm compounds could inhibit the activity of the R1 and R2 subunits of RNR. The compounds arrest the cell cycle in the S phase, indicating suppressed DNA replication, and induce apoptotic cell death. Cotreatment cell viability studies with cisplatin and Ti(Deferasirox)2 reveal a promising synergism between the compounds that is likely owed to their distinct but complementary effect on DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sofia C. Pérez Otero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | | | - Eman A. Akam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Liz Hernández-Matias
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Nahiara Alicea
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Martin Kowaleff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Anthony V. Washington
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Andrei V. Astashkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geng Z, Guo Z, Guo R, Ye R, Zhu W, Yan B. Ferroptosis and traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:212-219. [PMID: 33932492 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health problem contributing to significant economic burden. TBI is difficult to treat partly due to incomplete understanding of pathophysiology. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death which has gained increasing attention due to its possible role in TBI. Current studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis is related to the pathology of TBI, and inhibition of ferroptosis may improve long term outcomes of TBI. Therefore, clarification of the exact association between ferroptosis and traumatic brain injury is necessary and may provide new targets for treatment. This review describes (1) the ferroptosis pathways following traumatic brain injury, (2) the role of ferroptosis during the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury, and (3) potential therapies targeting the ferroptosis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Geng
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Ruibing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China.
| | - Bernard Yan
- Department of Neurology, Neurointervention Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Melbourne Brain Centre @ RMH, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Deng S, Lei Q, He Q, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Nie J, Lu W. miR-7-5p Affects Brain Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Its Possible Mechanism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598020. [PMID: 33392188 PMCID: PMC7772315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between miR-7-5p and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage and the role of butylphthalide (NBP) in brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Method: Routine blood testing, C-reactive protein results, and computed tomography data were collected 1, 7, and 14 days after intracerebral hemorrhage in six patients. Levels of MMP-9, ZO-1, occludin, IL-6, TNF-α, and miR-7-5p were detected in each patient's serum. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, intracerebral hemorrhage, and NBP treatment groups. Dry-wet weight was used to assess brain edema, and Evans blue staining was used to assess the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, ZO-1 and occludin, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, AQP4, and miR-7-5p were analyzed in the rat brains. Result: The blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on day 1 was associated with the area of brain edema on day 7. The expression of miR-7-5p decreased after intracerebral hemorrhage, and as a result, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway was weakened. The decreased inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway resulted in an increase in AQP4 expression, which further aggravated brain edema. NBP can upregulate the expression of miR-7-5p, affecting these pathways to reduce brain edema. Conclusion: After intracerebral hemorrhage, miR-7-5p expression in brain tissue is reduced, which may increase the expression of AQP4 by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. NBP can inhibit this process and reduce brain edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijun Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiliu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100389. [PMID: 33003373 PMCID: PMC7601301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tang S, Gao P, Chen H, Zhou X, Ou Y, He Y. The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590789. [PMID: 33100976 PMCID: PMC7545318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments. Iron overload and ferroptosis highly involved in the pathophysiological process of secondary brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death, as increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in cellular and neuronal damage. For this reason, eliminating factors like iron deposition and inhibiting lipid peroxidation may be a promising therapy. Iron chelators can be used to eliminate excess iron and to alleviate some of the clinical manifestations of TBI. In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of iron and ferroptosis involving the manifestations of TBI, broaden our understanding of the use of iron chelators for TBI. Through this review, we were able to better find novel clinical therapeutic directions for further TBI study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen L, Lin D, Li X, Wu H, Lenahan C, Pan Y, Xu W, Chen Y, Shao A, Zhang J. Ferroptosis in Acute Central Nervous System Injuries: The Future Direction? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594. [PMID: 32760721 PMCID: PMC7373735 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI) present a grave health care challenge worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality, as well as limited clinical therapeutic strategies. Established literature has shown that oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis play important roles in the pathophysiological processes of acute CNS injuries. Recently, there have been many studies on the topic of ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Some studies have revealed an emerging connection between acute CNS injuries and ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, induced by the abnormal metabolism of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and iron, can accelerate acute CNS injuries. However, pharmaceutical agents, such as iron chelators, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), can inhibit ferroptosis and may have neuroprotective effects after acute CNS injuries. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this connection has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this paper, we discuss the general mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in stroke, TBI, and SCI. We also summarize ferroptosis-related drugs and highlight the potential therapeutic strategies in treating various acute CNS injuries. Additionally, this paper suggests a testable hypothesis that ferroptosis may be a novel direction for further research of acute CNS injuries by providing corresponding evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-CT Center, The Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Weilin Xu
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zandalinas SI, Song L, Sengupta S, McInturf SA, Grant DG, Marjault HB, Castro-Guerrero NA, Burks D, Azad RK, Mendoza-Cozatl DG, Nechushtai R, Mittler R. Expression of a dominant-negative AtNEET-H89C protein disrupts iron-sulfur metabolism and iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1152-1169. [PMID: 31642128 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters play an essential role in plants as protein cofactors mediating diverse electron transfer reactions. Because they can react with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflict cellular damage, the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is highly regulated. A recently discovered group of 2Fe-2S proteins, termed NEET proteins, was proposed to coordinate Fe-S, Fe and ROS homeostasis in mammalian cells. Here we report that disrupting the function of AtNEET, the sole member of the NEET protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana, triggers leaf-associated Fe-S- and Fe-deficiency responses, elevated Fe content in chloroplasts (1.2-1.5-fold), chlorosis, structural damage to chloroplasts and a high seedling mortality rate. Our findings suggest that disrupting AtNEET function disrupts the transfer of 2Fe-2S clusters from the chloroplastic 2Fe-2S biogenesis pathway to different cytosolic and chloroplastic Fe-S proteins, as well as to the cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis system, and that uncoupling this process triggers leaf-associated Fe-S- and Fe-deficiency responses that result in Fe over-accumulation in chloroplasts and enhanced ROS accumulation. We further show that AtNEET transfers its 2Fe-2S clusters to DRE2, a key protein of the cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis system, and propose that the availability of 2Fe-2S clusters in the chloroplast and cytosol is linked to Fe homeostasis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Luhua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Samuel A McInturf
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - DeAna G Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, W136 Veterinary Medicine Building 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Norma A Castro-Guerrero
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David Burks
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - David G Mendoza-Cozatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Management of Iron Overload in Resource Poor Nations: A Systematic Review of Phlebotomy and Natural Chelators. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:4084538. [PMID: 32399029 PMCID: PMC7204175 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4084538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element and the most abundant trace metal in the body involved in oxygen transport and oxygen sensing, electron transfer, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Excess labile and unchelated iron can catalyze the formation of tissue-damaging radicals and induce oxidative stress. English abstracts were identified in PubMed and Google Scholar using multiple and various search terms based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full-length articles were selected for systematic review, and secondary and tertiary references were developed. Although bloodletting or phlebotomy remains the gold standard in the management of iron overload, this systematic review is an updated account of the pitfalls of phlebotomy and classical synthetic chelators with scientific justification for the use of natural iron chelators of dietary origin in resource-poor nations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Robicsek SA, Bhattacharya A, Rabai F, Shukla K, Doré S. Blood-Related Toxicity after Traumatic Brain Injury: Potential Targets for Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:159-178. [PMID: 31617072 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergency visits, hospitalizations, and deaths due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) have increased significantly over the past few decades. While the primary early brain trauma is highly deleterious to the brain, the secondary injury post-TBI is postulated to significantly impact mortality. The presence of blood, particularly hemoglobin, and its breakdown products and key binding proteins and receptors modulating their clearance may contribute significantly to toxicity. Heme, hemin, and iron, for example, cause membrane lipid peroxidation, generate reactive oxygen species, and sensitize cells to noxious stimuli resulting in edema, cell death, and increased morbidity and mortality. A wide range of other mechanisms such as the immune system play pivotal roles in mediating secondary injury. Effective scavenging of all of these pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory metabolites as well as controlling maladaptive immune responses is essential for limiting toxicity and secondary injury. Hemoglobin metabolism is mediated by key molecules such as haptoglobin, heme oxygenase, hemopexin, and ferritin. Genetic variability and dysfunction affecting these pathways (e.g., haptoglobin and heme oxygenase expression) have been implicated in the difference in susceptibility of individual patients to toxicity and may be target pathways for potential therapeutic interventions in TBI. Ongoing collaborative efforts are required to decipher the complexities of blood-related toxicity in TBI with an overarching goal of providing effective treatment options to all patients with TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Robicsek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ayon Bhattacharya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, KPC Medical College, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ferenc Rabai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Krunal Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomed Sci J493, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, Pharmaceutics and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daglas M, Adlard PA. The Involvement of Iron in Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:981. [PMID: 30618597 PMCID: PMC6306469 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of acute and long-term pathophysiological sequelae that ultimately lead to cognitive and motor function deficits, with age being a critical risk factor for poorer prognosis. TBI has been recently linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases later in life including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and multiple sclerosis. The accumulation of iron in the brain has been documented in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and also in normal aging, and can contribute to neurotoxicity through a variety of mechanisms including the production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and by promoting inflammatory reactions. A growing body of evidence similarly supports a deleterious role of iron in the pathogenesis of TBI. Iron deposition in the injured brain can occur via hemorrhage/microhemorrhages (heme-bound iron) or independently as labile iron (non-heme bound), which is considered to be more damaging to the brain. This review focusses on the role of iron in potentiating neurodegeneration in TBI, with insight into the intersection with neurodegenerative conditions. An important implication of this work is the potential for therapeutic approaches that target iron to attenuate the neuropathology/phenotype related to TBI and to also reduce the associated risk of developing neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daglas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|