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Carretta C, Parenti S, Bertesi M, Rontauroli S, Badii F, Tavernari L, Genovese E, Malerba M, Papa E, Sperduti S, Enzo E, Mirabile M, Pedrazzi F, Neroni A, Tombari C, Mora B, Maffioli M, Mondini M, Brociner M, Maccaferri M, Tenedini E, Martinelli S, Bartalucci N, Bianchi E, Casarini L, Potenza L, Luppi M, Tagliafico E, Guglielmelli P, Simoni M, Passamonti F, Norfo R, Vannucchi AM, Manfredini R. Chromosome 9p trisomy increases stem cells clonogenic potential and fosters T-cell exhaustion in JAK2-mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02373-w. [PMID: 39179669 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
JAK2V617F is the most recurrent genetic mutation in Philadelphia-negative chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs). Since the JAK2 locus is located on Chromosome 9, we hypothesized that Chromosome 9 copy number abnormalities may be a disease modifier in JAK2V617F-mutant MPN patients. In this study, we identified a subset of MPN patients with partial or complete Chromosome 9 trisomy (+9p patients), who differ from JAK2V617F-homozygous MPN patients as they carry three JAK2 alleles as well as three copies of all neighboring gene loci, including CD274, encoding immunosuppressive Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein. Investigation of the clonal hierarchy revealed that the JAK2V617F occurs first, followed by +9p. Functionally, CD34+ cells from +9p MPN patients demonstrated increased clonogenicity, generating a greater number of primitive colonies, due to high OCT4 and NANOG expression, with knock-down of these genes leading to a genotype-specific decrease in colony numbers. Moreover, our analysis revealed increased PD-L1 surface expression in malignant monocytes from +9p patients, while analysis of the T cell compartment unveiled elevated levels of exhausted cytotoxic T cells. Overall, here we identify a distinct novel subgroup of MPN patients, who feature a synergistic interplay between +9p and JAK2V617F that shapes immune escape characteristics and increased stemness in CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carretta
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sandra Parenti
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertesi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Rontauroli
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Badii
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lara Tavernari
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Genovese
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marica Malerba
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Papa
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Enzo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Margherita Mirabile
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedrazzi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anita Neroni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Camilla Tombari
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Maffioli
- S.C. Ematologia, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi-ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Mondini
- S.C. Ematologia, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi-ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Brociner
- S.C. Ematologia, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi-ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- CRIMM, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- CRIMM, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Ruggiero Norfo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maria Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Center Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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2
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Ng J, Marneth AE, Griffith A, Younger D, Ghanta S, Jiao A, Willis G, Han J, Imani J, Niu B, Keegan JW, Hancock B, Guo F, Shi Y, Perrella MA, Lederer JA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Facilitate Neutrophil-Trained Immunity by Reprogramming Hematopoietic Stem Cells. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:765-781. [PMID: 37797588 PMCID: PMC10622164 DOI: 10.1159/000533732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutics are urgently needed to prevent opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals undergoing cancer treatments or other immune-suppressive therapies. Trained immunity is a promising strategy to reduce this burden of disease. We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) preconditioned with a class A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, can augment emergency granulopoiesis in a murine model of neutropenic sepsis. Here, we used a chimeric mouse model to demonstrate that MSCs secrete paracrine factors that act on lineage-negative c-kit+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leaving them "poised" to enhance emergency granulopoiesis months after transplantation. Chimeric mice developed from HSCs exposed to conditioned media from MSCs and CpG-ODN-preconditioned MSCs showed significantly higher bacterial clearance and increased neutrophil granulopoiesis following lung infection than control mice. By Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) chromatin sequencing, we identified that MSC-conditioned media leaves H3K4me3 histone marks in HSCs at genes involved in myelopoiesis and in signaling persistence by the mTOR pathway. Both soluble factors and extracellular vesicles from MSCs mediated these effects on HSCs and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry revealed soluble calreticulin as a potential mediator. In summary, this study demonstrates that trained immunity can be mediated by paracrine factors from MSCs to induce neutrophil-trained immunity by reprogramming HSCs for long-lasting functional changes in neutrophil-mediated antimicrobial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna E. Marneth
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Younger
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sailaja Ghanta
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Jiao
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth Willis
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junwen Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jewel Imani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bailin Niu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua W. Keegan
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon Hancock
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark A. Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James A. Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Seetharam SM, Liu Y, Wu J, Fechter L, Murugesan K, Maecker H, Gotlib J, Zehnder J, Paulmurugan R, Krishnan A. Enkurin: a novel marker for myeloproliferative neoplasms from platelet, megakaryocyte, and whole blood specimens. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5433-5445. [PMID: 37315179 PMCID: PMC10509670 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired protein homeostasis, though well established in age-related disorders, has been recently linked with the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). However, little is known about MPN-specific modulators of proteostasis, thus impeding our ability for increased mechanistic understanding and discovery of additional therapeutic targets. Loss of proteostasis, in itself, is traced to dysregulated mechanisms in protein folding and intracellular calcium signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, using ex vivo and in vitro systems (including CD34+ cultures from patient bone marrow and healthy cord/peripheral blood specimens), we extend our prior data from platelet RNA sequencing in patients with MPN and discover select proteostasis-associated markers at RNA and/or protein levels in each of platelet, parent megakaryocyte, and whole blood specimens. Importantly, we identify a novel role in MPNs for enkurin (ENKUR), a calcium mediator protein originally implicated only in spermatogenesis. Our data reveal consistent ENKUR downregulation at both RNA and protein levels across specimens from patients with MPN and experimental models (including upon treatment with thapsigargin, an agent that causes protein misfolding in the ER by selective loss of calcium), with a concomitant upregulation of a cell cycle marker, CDC20. Silencing of ENKUR using short hairpin RNA in CD34+-derived megakaryocytes further confirms this association with CDC20 at both RNA and protein levels and indicates a likely role for the PI3K/Akt pathway. Together, our work sheds light on enkurin as a novel marker of MPN pathogenesis and indicates further mechanistic investigation into a role for dysregulated calcium homeostasis and ER and protein folding stress in MPN transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason Wu
- High-Throughput Bioscience Center and Stanford Genomics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lenn Fechter
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - James Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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4
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Sawaya AP, Vecin NM, Burgess JL, Ojeh N, DiBartolomeo G, Stone RC, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Calreticulin: a multifunctional protein with potential therapeutic applications for chronic wounds. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207538. [PMID: 37692787 PMCID: PMC10484228 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is recognized as a multifunctional protein that serves an essential role in diverse biological processes that include wound healing, modification and folding of proteins, regulation of the secretory pathway, cell motility, cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, regulation of gene expression, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Although the role of calreticulin as an endoplasmic reticulum-chaperone protein has been well described, several studies have demonstrated calreticulin to be a highly versatile protein with an essential role during wound healing. These features make it an ideal molecule for treating a complex, multifactorial diseases that require fine tuning, such as chronic wounds. Indeed, topical application of recombinant calreticulin to wounds in multiple models of wound healing has demonstrated remarkable pro-healing effects. Among them include enhanced keratinocyte and fibroblast migration and proliferation, induction of extracellular matrix proteins, recruitment of macrophages along with increased granulation tissue formation, all of which are important functions in promoting wound healing that are deregulated in chronic wounds. Given the high degree of diverse functions and pro-healing effects, application of exogenous calreticulin warrants further investigation as a potential novel therapeutic option for chronic wound patients. Here, we review and highlight the significant effects of topical application of calreticulin on enhancing wound healing and its potential as a novel therapeutic option to shift chronic wounds into healing, acute-like wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Sawaya
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nicole M. Vecin
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jamie L. Burgess
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Gabrielle DiBartolomeo
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rivka C. Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Tsai YC, Kuo MC, Hung WW, Wu PH, Chang WA, Wu LY, Lee SC, Hsu YL. Proximal tubule-derived exosomes contribute to mesangial cell injury in diabetic nephropathy via miR-92a-1-5p transfer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:10. [PMID: 36639674 PMCID: PMC9838003 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an increasing threat to human health and regarded to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Exosomes delivery may play a key role in cross-talk among kidney cells and the progression of DN. However, the mechanisms underlying exosomes in DN remain unclear. METHODS The cross-disciplinary study, including in vivo, in vitro, and human studies was conducted to explore the cross-talk between proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) and mesangial cells (MCs) in DN. We purified exosome from PTECs treated with high glucose and db/db mice and assessed their influences in the pathologic change of MCs and downstream signal pathway. Healthy individuals and type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled to examine the role of exosomes in clinical applications. RESULTS High glucose stimulated PTECs to secrete exosomal miR-92a-1-5p, which was taken-up by glomerular MCs, inducing myofibroblast transdifferentiation (MFT) in vitro and in vivo. PTEC-released exosomal 92a-1-5p decreased reticulocalbin-3 expression, leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by downregulating genes essential for ER homeostasis including calreticulin and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor. Treatment with miR-92a-1-5p inhibitor ameliorated kidney damage in db/db mice with DN. Urinary miR-92a-1-5p could predict kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS PTEC-derived exosomal miR-92a-1-5p modulated the kidney microenvironment in vivo and in vitro models, which altered ER stress and MFT in MCs resulting in DN progression. Further blocking miR-92a-1-5p epigenetic regulatory network could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of DN. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Tsai
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Hung
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-An Chang
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chu Lee
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan ,grid.412019.f0000 0000 9476 5696Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 TzYou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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6
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Mosale Seetharam S, Liu Y, Wu J, Fechter L, Murugesan K, Maecker H, Gotlib J, Zehnder J, Paulmurugan R, Krishnan A. Enkurin: A novel marker for myeloproliferative neoplasms from platelet, megakaryocyte, and whole blood specimens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.07.523111. [PMID: 36712071 PMCID: PMC9881897 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.07.523111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impaired protein homeostasis, though well established in age-related disorders, has been linked in recent research with the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). As yet, however, little is known about MPN-specific modulators of proteostasis, thus impeding our ability for increased mechanistic understanding and discovery of additional therapeutic targets. Loss of proteostasis, in itself, is traced to dysregulated mechanisms in protein folding and intracellular calcium signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, using ex vivo and in vitro systems (including CD34 + cultures from patient bone marrow, and healthy cord/peripheral blood specimens), we extend our prior data from MPN patient platelet RNA sequencing, and discover select proteostasis-associated markers at RNA and/or protein levels in each of platelets, parent megakaryocytes, and whole blood specimens. Importantly, we identify a novel role in MPNs for enkurin ( ENKUR ), a calcium mediator protein, implicated originally only in spermatogenesis. Our data reveal consistent ENKUR downregulation at both RNA and protein levels across MPN patient specimens and experimental models, with a concomitant upregulation of a cell cycle marker, CDC20 . Silencing of ENKUR by shRNA in CD34 + derived megakaryocytes further confirm this association with CDC20 at both RNA and protein levels; and indicate a likely role for the PI3K/Akt pathway. The inverse association of ENKUR and CDC20 expression was further confirmed upon treatment with thapsigargin (an agent that causes protein misfolding in the ER by selective loss of calcium) in both megakaryocyte and platelet fractions at RNA and protein levels. Together, our work sheds light on enkurin as a novel marker of MPN pathogenesis beyond the genetic alterations; and indicates further mechanistic investigation into a role for dysregulated calcium homeostasis, and ER and protein folding stress in MPN transformation. VISUAL ABSTRACT Key Points Enkurin, a calcium adaptor protein, is identified as a novel marker of pathogenesis in MPNs.MPN megakaryocyte and platelet expression of enkurin at RNA and protein levels is inversely associated with a cell differentiation cycle gene, CDC20.Likely role for dysregulated calcium homeostasis, and ER and protein folding stress in MPN transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason Wu
- High-Throughput Bioscience Center (HTBC), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Lenn Fechter
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - James Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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7
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Novel Molecular Insights into Leukemic Evolution of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Single Cell Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315256. [PMID: 36499582 PMCID: PMC9740017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders originated by the serial acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The major clinical entities are represented by polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), that are caused by driver mutations affecting JAK2, MPL or CALR. Disease progression is related to molecular and clonal evolution. PV and ET can progress to secondary myelofibrosis (sMF) but can also evolve to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). PMF is associated with the highest frequency of leukemic transformation, which represents the main cause of death. sAML is associated with a dismal prognosis and clinical features that differ from those of de novo AML. The molecular landscape distinguishes sAML from de novo AML, since the most frequent hits involve TP53, epigenetic regulators, spliceosome modulators or signal transduction genes. Single cell genomic studies provide novel and accurate information about clonal architecture and mutation acquisition order, allowing the reconstruction of clonal dynamics and molecular events that accompany leukemic transformation. In this review, we examine our current understanding of the genomic heterogeneity in MPNs and how it affects disease progression and leukemic transformation. We focus on molecular events elicited by somatic mutations acquisition and discuss the emerging findings coming from single cell studies.
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8
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Fabarius A, Samra V, Drews O, Mörz H, Bierbaum M, Darwich A, Weiss C, Brendel S, Kleiner H, Seifarth W, Greffrath W, Hofmann WK, Schmitt CA, Popp HD. Evidence for Recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI as Mediators of Genetic Instability in Human CD34+ Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2883. [PMID: 35740549 PMCID: PMC9221337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble factors released from irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may induce genetic instability in human CD34+ cells, potentially mediating hematologic disorders. Recently, we identified four key proteins in the secretome of X-ray-irradiated MSC, among them three endoplasmic reticulum proteins, the 78 kDa glucose-related protein (GRP78), calreticulin (CALR), and protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3), as well as the glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). Here, we demonstrate that exposition of CD34+ cells to recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI induces substantial genetic instability. Increased numbers of γH2AX foci (p < 0.0001), centrosome anomalies (p = 0.1000) and aberrant metaphases (p = 0.0022) were detected in CD34+ cells upon incubation with these factors. Specifically, γH2AX foci were found to be induced 4−5-fold in response to any individual of the four factors, and centrosome anomalies by 3−4 fold compared to control medium, which contained none of the recombinant proteins. Aberrant metaphases, not seen in the context of control medium, were detected to a similar extent than centrosome anomalies across the four factors. Notably, the strongest effects were observed when all four factors were collectively provided. In summary, our data suggest that specific components of the secretome from irradiated MSC act as mediators of genetic instability in CD34+ cells, thereby possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced hematologic disorders beyond direct radiation-evoked DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fabarius
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Vanessa Samra
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Oliver Drews
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Center for Medical Research, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
| | - Handan Mörz
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (H.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Miriam Bierbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Ali Darwich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Christel Weiss
- Department of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Susanne Brendel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Helga Kleiner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Seifarth
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Greffrath
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (H.M.); (W.G.)
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.F.); (V.S.); (S.B.); (H.K.); (W.S.); (W.-K.H.)
| | - Clemens A. Schmitt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning D. Popp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria;
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Shide K. Calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:179-226. [PMID: 34756244 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone present in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in the quality control of N-glycosylated proteins and storage of calcium ions. In 2013, the C-terminal mutation in CALR was identified in half of the patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis who did not have a JAK2 or MPL mutation. The results of 8 years of intensive research are changing the clinical practice associated with treating myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The presence or absence of CALR mutations and their mutation types already provide important information for diagnosis and treatment decision making. In addition, the interaction with the thrombopoietin receptor MPL, which is the main mechanism of transformation by CALR mutation, and the expression of the mutant protein on the cell surface have a great potential as targets for molecular-targeted drugs and immunotherapy. This chapter presents recent findings on the clinical significance of the CALR mutation and the molecular basis by which this mutation drives MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Division of Haematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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10
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Nakada EM, Sun R, Fujii U, Martin JG. The Impact of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Modifications, Folding and Degradation on Lung Structure and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665622. [PMID: 34122136 PMCID: PMC8188853 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and other mechanisms to restore ER homeostasis, including translational shutdown, increased targeting of mRNAs for degradation by the IRE1-dependent decay pathway, selective translation of proteins that contribute to the protein folding capacity of the ER, and activation of the ER-associated degradation machinery. When ER stress is excessive or prolonged and these mechanisms fail to restore proteostasis, the UPR triggers the cell to undergo apoptosis. This review also examines the overlooked role of post-translational modifications and their roles in protein processing and effects on ER stress and the UPR. Finally, these effects are examined in the context of lung structure, function, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nakada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Utako Fujii
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Parenti S, Rontauroli S, Carretta C, Mallia S, Genovese E, Chiereghin C, Peano C, Tavernari L, Bianchi E, Fantini S, Sartini S, Romano O, Bicciato S, Tagliafico E, Della Porta M, Manfredini R. Mutated clones driving leukemic transformation are already detectable at the single-cell level in CD34-positive cells in the chronic phase of primary myelofibrosis. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:4. [PMID: 33542466 PMCID: PMC7862275 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease progression of myeloproliferative neoplasms is the result of increased genomic complexity. Since the ability to predict disease evolution is crucial for clinical decisions, we studied single-cell genomics and transcriptomics of CD34-positive cells from a primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patient who progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) while receiving Ruxolitinib. Single-cell genomics allowed the reconstruction of clonal hierarchy and demonstrated that TET2 was the first mutated gene while FLT3 was the last one. Disease evolution was accompanied by increased clonal heterogeneity and mutational rate, but clones carrying TP53 and FLT3 mutations were already present in the chronic phase. Single-cell transcriptomics unraveled repression of interferon signaling suggesting an immunosuppressive effect exerted by Ruxolitinib. Moreover, AML transformation was associated with a differentiative block and immune escape. These results suggest that single-cell analysis can unmask tumor heterogeneity and provide meaningful insights about PMF progression that might guide personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Parenti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Rontauroli
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Carretta
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Selene Mallia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Genovese
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiereghin
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Tavernari
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Fantini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Oriana Romano
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine "S. Ferrari", Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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12
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Shide K, Kameda T, Kamiunten A, Ozono Y, Tahira Y, Yokomizo-Nakano T, Kubota S, Ono M, Ikeda K, Sekine M, Akizuki K, Nakamura K, Hidaka T, Kubuki Y, Iwakiri H, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Sashida G, Shimoda K. Calreticulin haploinsufficiency augments stem cell activity and is required for onset of myeloproliferative neoplasms in mice. Blood 2020; 136:106-118. [PMID: 32219445 PMCID: PMC7332892 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in JAK2, myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPL), or calreticulin (CALR) occur in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and are detected in more than 80% of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). They are thought to play a driver role in MPN pathogenesis via autosomal activation of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Mutant CALR binds to MPL, activates downstream MPL signaling cascades, and induces essential thrombocythemia in mice. However, embryonic lethality of Calr-deficient mice precludes determination of a role for CALR in hematopoiesis. To clarify the role of CALR in normal hematopoiesis and MPN pathogenesis, we generated hematopoietic cell-specific Calr-deficient mice. CALR deficiency had little effect on the leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, or platelet count in peripheral blood. However, Calr-deficient mice showed some hematopoietic properties of MPN, including decreased erythropoiesis and increased myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Transplantation experiments revealed that Calr haploinsufficiency promoted the self-renewal capacity of HSCs. We generated CALRdel52 mutant transgenic mice with Calr haploinsufficiency as a model that mimics human MPN patients and found that Calr haploinsufficiency restored the self-renewal capacity of HSCs damaged by CALR mutations. Only recipient mice transplanted with Lineage-Sca1+c-kit+ cells harboring both CALR mutation and Calr haploinsufficiency developed MPN in competitive conditions, showing that CALR haploinsufficiency was necessary for the onset of CALR-mutated MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Takuro Kameda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Ayako Kamiunten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ozono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yuki Tahira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Division of Chemotherapy and Clinical Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeda
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sekine
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Keiichi Akizuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Tomonori Hidaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yoko Kubuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Satoru Hasuike
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki Japan
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13
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SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Myelofibrosis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:191-199. [PMID: 30987952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a mutation in the Janus Kinase 2 gene in 2005 spurred significant progress in the field of myeloproliferative neoplasms. A comprehensive description of genomic factors at play in the malignant clone in myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly myelofibrosis (MF), have recently led to more precise, personalized prognostic tools. Despite this, understanding of the disease pathogenesis remains relatively limited. We continue to lack a detailed description of the interaction between the hematopoietic stem cell clone, abnormal bone marrow niche cells, and circulating signaling molecules and an understanding of how they cooperate to promote cell proliferation, fibrogenesis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Despite our knowledge gaps, recent research in MF has led to promising clinical translation. In this article, we summarize recent insights into MF pathophysiology, progress in the development of novel therapeutics, and opportunities for further advancement of the field.
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14
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Merlinsky TR, Levine RL, Pronier E. Unfolding the Role of Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Pathogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2956-2962. [PMID: 30655313 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, two seminal studies identified gain-of-function mutations in the Calreticulin (CALR) gene in a subset of JAK2/MPL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. CALR is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein that normally binds misfolded proteins in the ER and prevents their export to the Golgi and had never previously been reported mutated in cancer or to be associated with hematologic disorders. Further investigation determined that mutated CALR is able to achieve oncogenic transformation primarily through constitutive activation of the MPL-JAK-STAT signaling axis. Here we review our current understanding of the role of CALR mutations in MPN pathogenesis and how these insights can lead to innovative therapeutics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Merlinsky
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elodie Pronier
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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15
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Mózes R, Gángó A, Sulák A, Vida L, Reiniger L, Timár B, Krenács T, Alizadeh H, Masszi T, Gaál-Weisinger J, Demeter J, Csomor J, Matolcsy A, Kajtár B, Bödör C. Calreticulin mutation specific CAL2 immunohistochemistry accurately identifies rare calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Pathology 2018; 51:301-307. [PMID: 30606612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the multifunctional protein calreticulin (CALR) are recognised as one of the main driver alterations involved in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPN) and also represent a major diagnostic criterion in the most recent World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms. Nowadays, quantitative assessment of the driver mutations is gaining importance, as recent studies demonstrated the clinical relevance of the mutation load reflecting the size of the mutant clone. Here, we performed for the first time a manual and automated quantitative assessment of the CALR mutation load at protein level using CAL2, a recently developed CALR mutation specific monoclonal antibody, on a cohort of 117 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and compared the CALR protein mutation loads with the CALR mutation load values established by a molecular assay. Eighteen different CALR mutations were detected in the cohort of the 91 CALR mutant cases. Mutation loads of the CALR mutations were between 13% and 94% with mean value in PMF cases significantly higher than ET cases (49.94 vs 41.09; t-test, p=0.004). Cases without CALR mutation (n=26) showed no or only minimal labelling with the CAL2 antibody, while all 18 different types of CALR mutations were associated with CAL2 labelling. The CALR mutation load showed a significant correlation (p=0.03) with the occurrence of major thrombotic events, with higher mutation load in patients presenting with these complications. We report a 100% concordance between the mutation status determined by immunohistochemistry and the CALR molecular assay, and we extend the applicability of this approach to 16 rare CALR mutations previously not analysed at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Mózes
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ambrus Gángó
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sulák
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Livia Vida
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Timár
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Judit Demeter
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Csomor
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Sun J, Mu H, Yu J, Li L, Yan H, Li G, Tan H, Yang N, Yang X, Yi L. Diallyl disulfide down-regulates calreticulin and promotes C/EBPα expression in differentiation of human leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:194-204. [PMID: 30394654 PMCID: PMC6307788 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS), the main active component of the cancer fighting allyl sulfides found in garlic, has shown potential as a therapeutic agent in various cancers. Previous studies showed DADS induction of HL-60 cell differentiation involves down-regulation of calreticulin (CRT). Here, we investigated the mechanism of DADS-induced differentiation of human leukaemia cells and the potential involvement of CRT and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα). We explored the expression of CRT and C/EBPα in clinical samples (20 healthy people and 19 acute myeloid leukaemia patients) and found that CRT and C/EBPα expressions were inversely correlated. DADS induction of differentiation of HL-60 cells resulted in down-regulated CRT expression and elevated C/EBPα expression. In severe combined immunodeficiency mice injected with HL-60 cells, DADS inhibited the growth of tumour tissue and decreased CRT levels and increased C/EBPα in vivo. We also found that DADS-mediated down-regulation of CRT and up-regulation of C/EBPα involved enhancement of reactive oxidative species. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that CRT bound C/EBPα mRNA, indicating its regulation of C/EBPα mRNA degradation by binding the UG-rich element in the 3' untranslated region of C/EBPα. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the C/EBPα expression was correlated with CRT expression in vitro and in vivo and the molecular mechanism of DADS-induced leukaemic cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxiang Mu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nanyang Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Yi
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Biology Research Institute, College of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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