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Kieda J, Shakeri A, Landau S, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Lai BF, Okhovatian S, Wang Y, Jiang R, Radisic M. Advances in cardiac tissue engineering and heart-on-a-chip. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:492-511. [PMID: 37909362 PMCID: PMC11213712 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in both cardiac tissue engineering and hearts-on-a-chip are grounded in new biomaterial development as well as the employment of innovative fabrication techniques that enable precise control of the mechanical, electrical, and structural properties of the cardiac tissues being modelled. The elongated structure of cardiomyocytes requires tuning of substrate properties and application of biophysical stimuli to drive its mature phenotype. Landmark advances have already been achieved with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac patches that advanced to human testing. Heart-on-a-chip platforms are now commonly used by a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Here, we provide an overview of cardiac physiology in order to better define the requirements for functional tissue recapitulation. We then discuss the biomaterials most commonly used in both cardiac tissue engineering and heart-on-a-chip, followed by the discussion of recent representative studies in both fields. We outline significant challenges common to both fields, specifically: scalable tissue fabrication and platform standardization, improving cellular fidelity through effective tissue vascularization, achieving adult tissue maturation, and ultimately developing cryopreservation protocols so that the tissues are available off the shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kieda
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Huo C, Zhang X, Gu Y, Wang D, Zhang S, Liu T, Li Y, He W. Organoids: Construction and Application in Gastric Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050875. [PMID: 37238742 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric organoids are biological models constructed in vitro using stem cell culture and 3D cell culture techniques, which are the latest research hotspots. The proliferation of stem cells in vitro is the key to gastric organoid models, making the cell subsets within the models more similar to in vivo tissues. Meanwhile, the 3D culture technology also provides a more suitable microenvironment for the cells. Therefore, the gastric organoid models can largely restore the growth condition of cells in terms of morphology and function in vivo. As the most classic organoid models, patient-derived organoids use the patient's own tissues for in vitro culture. This kind of model is responsive to the 'disease information' of a specific patient and has great effect on evaluating the strategies of individualized treatment. Herein, we review the current literature on the establishment of organoid cultures, and also explore organoid translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Huo
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanmei Gu
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenting He
- Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Cho J, Lee H, Rah W, Chang HJ, Yoon YS. From engineered heart tissue to cardiac organoid. Theranostics 2022; 12:2758-2772. [PMID: 35401829 PMCID: PMC8965483 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) presented a new paradigm to employ hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) in drug screening and disease modeling. However, hPSC-CMs differentiated in conventional two-dimensional systems are structurally and functionally immature. Moreover, these differentiation systems generate predominantly one type of cell. Since the heart includes not only CMs but other cell types, such monolayer cultures have limitations in simulating the native heart. Accordingly, three-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissues have been developed as a better platform by including various cardiac cell types and extracellular matrices. Two advances were made for 3D cardiac tissue generation. One type is engineered heart tissues (EHTs), which are constructed by 3D cell culture of cardiac cells using an engineering technology. This system provides a convenient real-time analysis of cardiac function, as well as a precise control of the input/output flow and mechanical/electrical stimulation. The other type is cardiac organoids, which are formed through self-organization of differentiating cardiac lineage cells from hPSCs. While mature cardiac organoids are more desirable, at present only primitive forms of organoids are available. In this review, we discuss various models of hEHTs and cardiac organoids emulating the human heart, focusing on their unique features, utility, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeaon Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woongchan Rah
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jae Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Karis Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Engineering the niche to differentiate and deploy cardiovascular cells. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:122-128. [PMID: 34861477 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Applications for stem cells have ranged from therapeutic interventions to more conventional screening and in vitro modeling, but significant limitations to each is due to the lack of maturity from decades old monolayer protocols. While those methods remain the 'gold standard,' newer three-dimensional methods, when combined with engineered niche, stand to significantly improve cell maturity and enable new applications. Here in three parts, we first discuss past methods, and where and why we believe those methods produced suboptimal myocytes. Second, we note how newer methods are moving the field into an era of cell mechanical, electrical, and biological maturity. Finally, we highlight how these improvements will solve issues of scale and engraftment to yield clinical success. It is our conclusion that only through a combination of diverse cell populations and engineered niche will we create an engineered heart tissue with the maturity and vasculature to integrate successfully into a host.
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Martins-Marques T. Connecting different heart diseases through intercellular communication. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058777. [PMID: 34494646 PMCID: PMC8443862 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-orchestrated intercellular communication networks are pivotal to maintaining cardiac homeostasis and to ensuring adaptative responses and repair after injury. Intracardiac communication is sustained by cell-cell crosstalk, directly via gap junctions (GJ) and tunneling nanotubes (TNT), indirectly through the exchange of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EV), and by cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. GJ-mediated communication between cardiomyocytes and with other cardiac cell types enables electrical impulse propagation, required to sustain synchronized heart beating. In addition, TNT-mediated organelle transfer has been associated with cardioprotection, whilst communication via EV plays diverse pathophysiological roles, being implicated in angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. Connecting various cell populations, the ECM plays important functions not only in maintaining the heart structure, but also acting as a signal transducer for intercellular crosstalk. Although with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations, intercellular communication derailment has been implicated in several cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction and hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive and integrated view of complex cell communication networks. In this review, I intend to provide a critical perspective about the main mechanisms contributing to regulate cellular crosstalk in the heart, which may be considered in the development of future therapeutic strategies, using cell-based therapies as a paradigmatic example. This Review has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Khalil NN, McCain ML. Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment of Post-infarct Myocardium on a Chip. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709871. [PMID: 34336962 PMCID: PMC8316619 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarctions are one of the most common forms of cardiac injury and death worldwide. Infarctions cause immediate necrosis in a localized region of the myocardium, which is followed by a repair process with inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases. This repair process culminates in the formation of scar tissue, which often leads to heart failure in the months or years after the initial injury. In each reparative phase, the infarct microenvironment is characterized by distinct biochemical, physical, and mechanical features, such as inflammatory cytokine production, localized hypoxia, and tissue stiffening, which likely each contribute to physiological and pathological tissue remodeling by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Traditionally, simplified two-dimensional cell culture systems or animal models have been implemented to elucidate basic pathophysiological mechanisms or predict drug responses following myocardial infarction. However, these conventional approaches offer limited spatiotemporal control over relevant features of the post-infarct cellular microenvironment. To address these gaps, Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium have recently emerged as new paradigms for dissecting the highly complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic post-infarct microenvironment. In this review, we describe recent Organ on a Chip models of post-infarct myocardium, including their limitations and future opportunities in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N Khalil
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Megan L McCain
- Laboratory for Living Systems Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Martins-Marques T, Hausenloy DJ, Sluijter JPG, Leybaert L, Girao H. Intercellular Communication in the Heart: Therapeutic Opportunities for Cardiac Ischemia. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:248-262. [PMID: 33139169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue, organ, and organism homeostasis relies on an intricate network of players and mechanisms that assist in the different forms of cell-cell communication. Myocardial infarction, following heart ischemia and reperfusion, is associated with profound changes in key processes of intercellular communication, involving gap junctions, extracellular vesicles, and tunneling nanotubes, some of which have been implicated in communication defects associated with cardiac injury, namely arrhythmogenesis and progression into heart failure. Therefore, intercellular communication players have emerged as attractive powerful therapeutic targets aimed at preserving a fine-tuned crosstalk between the different cardiac cells in order to prevent or repair some of harmful consequences of heart ischemia and reperfusion, re-establishing myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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8
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Tadevosyan K, Iglesias-García O, Mazo MM, Prósper F, Raya A. Engineering and Assessing Cardiac Tissue Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031479. [PMID: 33540699 PMCID: PMC7867236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is very much in a current focus of regenerative medicine research as it represents a promising strategy for cardiac disease modelling, cardiotoxicity testing and cardiovascular repair. Advances in this field over the last two decades have enabled the generation of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs with progressively increased functional capabilities. However, reproducing tissue-like properties is still a pending issue, as constructs generated to date remain immature relative to native adult heart. Moreover, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the methodologies used to assess the functionality and cardiac maturation state of engineered cardiac tissue constructs, which further complicates the comparison of constructs generated in different ways. Here, we present an overview of the general approaches developed to generate functional cardiac tissues, discussing the different cell sources, biomaterials, and types of engineering strategies utilized to date. Moreover, we discuss the main functional assays used to evaluate the cardiac maturation state of the constructs, both at the cellular and the tissue levels. We trust that researchers interested in developing engineered cardiac tissue constructs will find the information reviewed here useful. Furthermore, we believe that providing a unified framework for comparison will further the development of human engineered cardiac tissue constructs displaying the specific properties best suited for each particular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Tadevosyan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.M.); (F.P.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL) and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P-CMRC), 08908 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.I.-G.); (A.R.)
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Squecco R, Chellini F, Idrizaj E, Tani A, Garella R, Pancani S, Pavan P, Bambi F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Sassoli C. Platelet-Rich Plasma Modulates Gap Junction Functionality and Connexin 43 and 26 Expression During TGF-β1-Induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition: Clues for Counteracting Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051199. [PMID: 32408529 PMCID: PMC7290305 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair/regeneration may benefit by Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) treatment owing to PRP pro-myogenic and anti-fibrotic effects. However, PRP anti-fibrotic action remains controversial. Here, we extended our previous researches on the inhibitory effects of PRP on in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the effector cells of fibrosis, focusing on gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication. The myofibroblastic phenotype was evaluated by cell shape analysis, confocal fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting analyses of α-smooth muscle actin and type-1 collagen expression, and electrophysiological recordings of resting membrane potential, resistance, and capacitance. PRP negatively regulated myofibroblast differentiation by modifying all the assessed parameters. Notably, myofibroblast pairs showed an increase of voltage-dependent GJ functionality paralleled by connexin (Cx) 43 expression increase. TGF-β1-treated cells, when exposed to a GJ blocker, or silenced for Cx43 expression, failed to differentiate towards myofibroblasts. Although a minority, myofibroblast pairs also showed not-voltage-dependent GJ currents and coherently Cx26 expression. PRP abolished the TGF-β1-induced voltage-dependent GJ current appearance while preventing Cx43 increase and promoting Cx26 expression. This study adds insights into molecular and functional mechanisms regulating fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and supports the anti-fibrotic potential of PRP, demonstrating the ability of this product to hamper myofibroblast generation targeting GJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Sofia Pancani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Paola Pavan
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Unit, "A. Meyer" University Children’s Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Unit, "A. Meyer" University Children’s Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0552-7580-63
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10
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Park J, Anderson CW, Sewanan LR, Kural MH, Huang Y, Luo J, Gui L, Riaz M, Lopez CA, Ng R, Das SK, Wang J, Niklason L, Campbell SG, Qyang Y. Modular design of a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:220-230. [PMID: 31634626 PMCID: PMC7227659 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Single ventricle heart defects (SVDs) are congenital disorders that result in a variety of complications, including increased ventricular mechanical strain and mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to heart failure without surgical intervention. Corrective surgery for SVDs are traditionally handled by the Fontan procedure, requiring a vascular conduit for completion. Although effective, current conduits are limited by their inability to aid in pumping blood into the pulmonary circulation. In this report, we propose an innovative and versatile design strategy for a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit (TEPC) to aid circulation through the pulmonary system by producing contractile force. Several design strategies were tested for production of a functional TEPC. Ultimately, we found that porcine extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered heart tissue (EHT) composed of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and primary cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) wrapped around decellularized human umbilical artery (HUA) made an efficacious basal TEPC. Importantly, the TEPCs showed effective electrical and mechanical function. Initial pressure readings from our TEPC in vitro (0.68 mmHg) displayed efficient electrical conductivity enabling them to follow electrical pacing up to a 2 Hz frequency. This work represents a proof of principle study for our current TEPC design strategy. Refinement and optimization of this promising TEPC design will lay the groundwork for testing the construct's therapeutic potential in the future. Together this work represents a progressive step toward developing an improved treatment for SVD patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Single Ventricle Cardiac defects (SVD) are a form of congenital disorder with a morbid prognosis without surgical intervention. These patients are treated through the Fontan procedure which requires vascular conduits to complete. Fontan conduits have been traditionally made from stable or biodegradable materials with no pumping activity. Here, we propose a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit (TEPC) for use in Fontan circulation to alleviate excess strain in SVD patients. In contrast to previous strategies for making a pulsatile Fontan conduit, we employ a modular design strategy that allows for the optimization of each component individually to make a standalone tissue. This work sets the foundation for an in vitro, trainable human induced pluripotent stem cell based TEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Christopher W Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Colleen A Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Subhash K Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Laura Niklason
- Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
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11
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Li J, Cao GY, Zhang XF, Meng ZQ, Gan L, Li JX, Lan XY, Yang CL, Zhang CF. Chinese Medicine She-Xiang-Xin-Tong-Ning, Containing Moschus, Corydalis and Ginseng, Protects from Myocardial Ischemia Injury via Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:107-126. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese patent medicine She-Xiang-Xin-Tong-Ning (SXXTN) is a clinical medication for coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris. This study aimed to investigate pharmacological effects of SXXTN and elucidate the role in angiogenesis on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rats. We prepared SXXTN to treat the cells to reveal their effects on oxidative stress-damaged cell viability, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation processes. SXXTN was also used to treat coronary artery ligation-induced acute myocardial ischemia rats to confirm whether it had positive effect on myocardial issues by hematoxylin and eosin (HE), 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and immunohistochemical staining. We measured the levels of peroxidative damage-related enzymes in cytoplasm and serum by biochemical kits and detected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiotensin II (Ang II), thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1[Formula: see text]) levels in cells and rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The results showed that SXXTN protects HUVECs against oxidative stress damage and reversed the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and increase of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) caused by oxidative stress. SXXTN promoted angiogenesis through stimulating cell migration, tube formation, and activating VEGF/VEGFR2 and ERK1/2 pathways. Furthermore, SXXTN reduced infarct size and inhibited PGI2/TXA2 imbalance, preventing atherosclerosis plaque rupture leading to worsening coronary heart disease. Taken together, we report the first in vivo and in vitro evidence that SXXTN reduced oxidative stress-mediated damage and enhanced angiogenesis, which might be useful in treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Yun Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qing Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Lan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Lin Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan 250103, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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12
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Wang EY, Feric NT, Lai BFL, Knee-Walden EJ, Backx PH, Radisic M. Engineering microenvironment for human cardiac tissue assembly in heart-on-a-chip platform. Matrix Biol 2020; 85-86:189-204. [PMID: 30981898 PMCID: PMC6788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems have the potential to revolutionize drug screening and disease modeling through the use of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. The predictive power of these tissue models critically depends on the functional assembly and maturation of human cells that are used as building blocks for organ-on-a-chip systems. To resemble a more adult-like phenotype on these heart-on-a-chip systems, the surrounding micro-environment of individual cardiomyocyte needs to be controlled. Herein, we investigated the impact of four microenvironmental cues: cell seeding density, types and percentages of non-myocyte populations, the types of hydrogels used for tissue inoculation and the electrical conditioning regimes on the structural and functional assembly of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac tissues. Utilizing a novel, plastic and open-access heart-on-a-chip system that is capable of continuous non-invasive monitoring of tissue contractions, we were able to study how different micro-environmental cues affect the assembly of the cardiomyocytes into a functional cardiac tissue. We have defined conditions that resulted in tissues exhibiting hallmarks of the mature human myocardium, such as positive force-frequency relationship and post-rest potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5; Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Erika Y Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nicole T Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; TARA Biosystems, Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin F L Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ericka J Knee-Walden
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2N2, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4; Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5; Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4; Canada.
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13
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Selvaraju V, Joshi M, Coca-Soliz V, Tapias L, Saad I, Fournier C, Husain A, Campbell J, Yee SP, Sanchez JA, Palesty JA, McFadden DW, Maulik N. Disruption of VEGF Mediated Flk-1 Signaling Leads to a Gradual Loss of Vessel Health and Cardiac Function During Myocardial Infarction: Potential Therapy With Pellino-1. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e007601. [PMID: 30371196 PMCID: PMC6222946 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study demonstrates that the ubiquitin E3 ligase, Pellino‐1 (Peli1), is an important angiogenic molecule under the control of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2/Flk‐1. We have previously reported increased survivability of ischemic skin flap tissue by adenovirus carrying Peli1 (Ad‐Peli1) gene therapy in Flk‐1+/− mice. Methods and Results Two separate experimental groups of mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) followed by the immediate intramyocardial injection of adenovirus carrying LacZ (Ad‐LacZ) (1×109 pfu) or Ad‐Peli1 (1×109 pfu). Heart tissues were collected for analyses. Compared with wild‐type (WTMI) mice, analysis revealed decreased expressions of Peli1, phosphorylated (p‐)Flk‐1, p‐Akt, p‐eNOS, p‐MK2, p‐IκBα, and NF‐κB and decreased vessel densities in Flk‐1+/− mice subjected to MI (Flk‐1+/−MI). Mice (CD1) treated with Ad‐Peli1 after the induction of MI showed increased β‐catenin translocation to the nucleus, connexin 43 expression, and phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, MK2, and IκBα, that was followed by increased vessel densities compared with the Ad‐LacZ–treated group. Echocardiography conducted 30 days after surgery showed decreased function in the Flk1+/−MI group compared with WTMI, which was restored by Ad‐Peli1 gene therapy. In addition, therapy with Ad‐Peli1 stimulated angiogenic and arteriogenic responses in both CD1 and Flk‐1+/− mice following MI. Ad‐Peli1 treatment attenuated cardiac fibrosis in Flk‐1+/−MI mice. Similar positive results were observed in CD1 mice subjected to MI after Ad‐Peli1 therapy. Conclusion Our results show for the first time that Peli1 plays a unique role in salvaging impaired collateral blood vessel formation, diminishes fibrosis, and improves myocardial function, thereby offering clinical potential for therapies in humans to mend a damaged heart following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Mandip Joshi
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - Vladimir Coca-Soliz
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - Leonidas Tapias
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - IbnalWalid Saad
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - Craig Fournier
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Aaftab Husain
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Jacob Campbell
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- 4 Center for Mouse Genome Modification University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Juan A Sanchez
- 3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - J Alexander Palesty
- 3 Stanley J. Dudrick Department of Surgery Saint Mary's Hospital Waterbury CT
| | - David W McFadden
- 2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- 1 Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT.,2 Department of Surgery University of Connecticut Health Farmington CT
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14
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Radisic M. From Engineered Tissues and Microfludics to Human Eyes-On-A-Chip. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:4-6. [PMID: 31697576 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Sharma D, Ferguson M, Kamp TJ, Zhao F. Constructing Biomimetic Cardiac Tissues: A Review of Scaffold Materials for Engineering Cardiac Patches. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2019; 2:181-191. [PMID: 33225220 PMCID: PMC7678685 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-019-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac patches (ECPs) hold great promise to repair ischemia-induced damages to the myocardium. Recent studies have provided robust technological advances in obtaining pure cardiac cell populations as well as various novel scaffold materials to generate engineered cardiac tissues that can significantly improve electrical and contractile functions of damaged myocardium. Given the significance in understanding the cellular and extracellular structural as well as compositional details of native human heart wall, in order to fabricate most suitable scaffold material for cardiac patches, herein, we have reviewed the structure of the human pericardium and heart wall as well as the compositional details of cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, several strategies to obtain cardiac-specific scaffold materials have been reviewed, including natural, synthetic and hybrid hydrogels, electrospun fibers, decellularized native tissues or whole organs, and scaffolds derived from engineered cell sheets. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of different scaffold materials for engineering cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Morgan Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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16
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Human cardiomyocytes undergo enhanced maturation in embryonic stem cell-derived organoid transplants. Biomaterials 2018; 192:537-550. [PMID: 30529872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cardiomyocytes (CM) differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are relatively immature when generated in two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cultures, which limits their biomedical applications. Here, we devised a strategy to enhance maturation of human CM in vitro by assembly of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac organoids (CO) containing human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hESC-CPCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In contrast to corresponding 2D cultures, 3D CO not only developed into structures containing spontaneously beating CM, but also showed enhanced maturity as indicated by increased expressions of sarcomere and ion channel genes and reduced proliferation. Heterotopic implantation of CO into the peritoneal cavity of immunodeficient mice induced neovascularization, and further stimulated upregulation of genes coding for the contractile apparatus, Ca2+ handling and ion channel proteins. In addition, CM in implanted CO were characterized by a more mature ultrastructure compared to CM implanted without CO support. Functional analysis revealed the presence of working cardiomyocytes in both in vivo and ex ovo chorioallantoic membrane implanted CO. Our results demonstrate that cultivation in 3D CO and subsequent heterotopic implantation enhance maturation of CM towards an adult-like phenotype. We reason that CO-derived CM represent an attractive source for drug discovery and other biomedical applications.
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17
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Laakkonen JP, Lähteenvuo J, Jauhiainen S, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Beyond endothelial cells: Vascular endothelial growth factors in heart, vascular anomalies and placenta. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:91-101. [PMID: 30342234 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors regulate vascular and lymphatic growth. Dysregulation of VEGF signaling is connected to many pathological states, including hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations and placental abnormalities. In heart, VEGF gene transfer induces myocardial angiogenesis. Besides vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, VEGFs affect multiple other cell types. Understanding VEGF biology and its paracrine signaling properties will offer new targets for novel treatments of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Lähteenvuo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Abstract
Some of the most significant leaps in the history of modern civilization-the development of article in China, the steam engine, which led to the European industrial revolution, and the era of computers-have occurred when science converged with engineering. Recently, the convergence of human pluripotent stem cell technology with biomaterials and bioengineering have launched a new medical innovation: functional human engineered tissue, which promises to revolutionize the treatment of failing organs including most critically, the heart. This compendium covers recent, state-of-the-art developments in the fields of cardiovascular tissue engineering, as well as the needs and challenges associated with the clinical use of these technologies. We have not attempted to provide an exhaustive review in stem cell biology and cardiac cell therapy; many other important and influential reports are certainly merit but already been discussed in several recent reviews. Our scope is limited to the engineered tissues that have been fabricated to repair or replace components of the heart (eg, valves, vessels, contractile tissue) that have been functionally compromised by diseases or developmental abnormalities. In particular, we have focused on using an engineered myocardial tissue to mitigate deficiencies in contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z., W.Z.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z., W.Z.)
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada (M.R.)
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (G.V.-N.)
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19
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Li B, Yang H, Wang X, Zhan Y, Sheng W, Cai H, Xin H, Liang Q, Zhou P, Lu C, Qian R, Chen S, Yang P, Zhang J, Shou W, Huang G, Liang P, Sun N. Engineering human ventricular heart muscles based on a highly efficient system for purification of human pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:202. [PMID: 28962583 PMCID: PMC5622416 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most infarctions occur in the left anterior descending coronary artery and cause myocardium damage of the left ventricle. Although current pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and directed cardiac differentiation techniques are able to generate fetal-like human cardiomyocytes, isolation of pure ventricular cardiomyocytes has been challenging. For repairing ventricular damage, we aimed to establish a highly efficient purification system to obtain homogeneous ventricular cardiomyocytes and prepare engineered human ventricular heart muscles in a dish. METHODS The purification system used TALEN-mediated genomic editing techniques to insert the neomycin or EGFP selection marker directly after the myosin light chain 2 (MYL2) locus in human pluripotent stem cells. Purified early ventricular cardiomyocytes were estimated by immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, quantitative PCR, microelectrode array, and patch clamp. In subsequent experiments, the mixture of mature MYL2-positive ventricular cardiomyocytes and mesenchymal cells were cocultured with decellularized natural heart matrix. Histological and electrophysiology analyses of the formed tissues were performed 2 weeks later. RESULTS Human ventricular cardiomyocytes were efficiently isolated based on the purification system using G418 or flow cytometry selection. When combined with the decellularized natural heart matrix as the scaffold, functional human ventricular heart muscles were prepared in a dish. CONCLUSIONS These engineered human ventricular muscles can be great tools for regenerative therapy of human ventricular damage as well as drug screening and ventricular-specific disease modeling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Yongkun Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hopstital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haoyang Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hopstital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Children's Hopstital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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20
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Morrissette-McAlmon J, Blazeski A, Somers S, Kostecki G, Tung L, Grayson WL. Adipose-derived perivascular mesenchymal stromal/stem cells promote functional vascular tissue engineering for cardiac regenerative purposes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e962-e972. [PMID: 28103423 DOI: 10.1002/term.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering approaches have the potential to regenerate functional myocardium with intrinsic vascular networks. This study compared the relative effects of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) in cocultures with neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). At the same ratios of NRVCM:hASC and NRVCM:hDF, the hASC cocultures displayed shorter action potentials and maintained capture at faster pacing rates. Similarly, in coculture with HUVECs, hASC:HUVEC exhibited superior ability to support vascular capillary network formation relative to hDF:HUVEC. Based on these studies, a range of suitable cell ratios were determined to develop a triculture system. Six seeding ratios of NRVCM:hASC:HUVEC were tested and it was found that a ratio of 500:50:25 cells (i.e. 250,000:25,000:12,500 cells/cm2 ) resulted in the formation of robust vascular networks while retaining action potential durations and propagation similar to pure NRVCM cultures. Tricultures in this ratio exhibited an average conduction velocity of 20 ± 2 cm/s, action potential durations at 80% repolarization (APD80 ) and APD30 of 122 ± 5 ms and 59 ± 4 ms, respectively, and maximum capture rate of 7.4 ± 0.6 Hz. The NRVCM control groups had APD80 and APD30 of 120 ± 9 ms and 51 ± 5 ms, with a maximum capture rate of 7.3 ± 0.2 Hz. In summary, the combination of hASCs in the appropriate ratios with NRVCMs and HUVECs can facilitate the formation of densely vascularized cardiac tissues that appear not to impact the electrophysiological function of cardiomyocytes negatively. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Somers
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geran Kostecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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22
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Wang Q, Yang H, Bai A, Jiang W, Li X, Wang X, Mao Y, Lu C, Qian R, Guo F, Ding T, Chen H, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu C, Sun N. Functional engineered human cardiac patches prepared from nature's platform improve heart function after acute myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2016; 105:52-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Zhang YS, Arneri A, Bersini S, Shin SR, Zhu K, Goli-Malekabadi Z, Aleman J, Colosi C, Busignani F, Dell'Erba V, Bishop C, Shupe T, Demarchi D, Moretti M, Rasponi M, Dokmeci MR, Atala A, Khademhosseini A. Bioprinting 3D microfibrous scaffolds for engineering endothelialized myocardium and heart-on-a-chip. Biomaterials 2016; 110:45-59. [PMID: 27710832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering cardiac tissues and organ models remains a great challenge due to the hierarchical structure of the native myocardium. The need of integrating blood vessels brings additional complexity, limiting the available approaches that are suitable to produce integrated cardiovascular organoids. In this work we propose a novel hybrid strategy based on 3D bioprinting, to fabricate endothelialized myocardium. Enabled by the use of our composite bioink, endothelial cells directly bioprinted within microfibrous hydrogel scaffolds gradually migrated towards the peripheries of the microfibers to form a layer of confluent endothelium. Together with controlled anisotropy, this 3D endothelial bed was then seeded with cardiomyocytes to generate aligned myocardium capable of spontaneous and synchronous contraction. We further embedded the organoids into a specially designed microfluidic perfusion bioreactor to complete the endothelialized-myocardium-on-a-chip platform for cardiovascular toxicity evaluation. Finally, we demonstrated that such a technique could be translated to human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to construct endothelialized human myocardium. We believe that our method for generation of endothelialized organoids fabricated through an innovative 3D bioprinting technology may find widespread applications in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and potentially disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andrea Arneri
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Simone Bersini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - Su-Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zahra Goli-Malekabadi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 64540, Iran
| | - Julio Aleman
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cristina Colosi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Fabio Busignani
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Valeria Dell'Erba
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Colin Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Thomas Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy; Swiss Institute for Regnerative Medicine, Lugano 6900, Switzerland; Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Mehmet Remzi Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Kurokawa YK, George SC. Tissue engineering the cardiac microenvironment: Multicellular microphysiological systems for drug screening. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:225-33. [PMID: 26212156 PMCID: PMC4869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately detect cardiotoxicity has become increasingly important in the development of new drugs. Since the advent of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, researchers have explored their use in creating an in vitro drug screening platform. Recently, there has been increasing interest in creating 3D microphysiological models of the heart as a tool to detect cardiotoxic compounds. By recapitulating the complex microenvironment that exists in the native heart, cardiac microphysiological systems have the potential to provide a more accurate pharmacological response compared to current standards in preclinical drug screening. This review aims to provide an overview on the progress made in creating advanced models of the human heart, including the significance and contributions of the various cellular and extracellular components to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke K Kurokawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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25
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Editorial: Tissue engineering of the heart. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:1-2. [PMID: 26724336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Schwarz JS, de Jonge HR, Forrest JN. Value of Organoids from Comparative Epithelia Models. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 88:367-74. [PMID: 26604860 PMCID: PMC4654185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Organoids have tremendous therapeutic potential. They were recently defined as a collection of organ-specific cell types, which self-organize through cell-sorting, develop from stem cells, and perform an organ specific function. The ability to study organoid development and growth in culture and manipulate their genetic makeup makes them particularly suitable for studying development, disease, and drug efficacy. Organoids show great promise in personalized medicine. From a single patient biopsy, investigators can make hundreds of organoids with the genetic landscape of the patient of origin. This genetic similarity makes organoids an ideal system in which to test drug efficacy. While many investigators assume human organoids are the ultimate model system, we believe that the generation of epithelial organoids of comparative model organisms has great potential. Many key transport discoveries were made using marine organisms. In this paper, we describe how deriving organoids from the spiny dogfish shark, zebrafish, and killifish can contribute to the fields of comparative biology and disease modeling with future prospects for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Schwarz
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine
| | - Hugo R. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine
| | - John N. Forrest
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: John N. Forrest, Jr., MD, Office of Student Research, 308 ESH, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Tele: 203-785-6633; Fax: 203-785-6936;
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27
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Zhang B, Montgomery M, Davenport-Huyer L, Korolj A, Radisic M. Platform technology for scalable assembly of instantaneously functional mosaic tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500423. [PMID: 26601234 PMCID: PMC4643798 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Engineering mature tissues requires a guided assembly of cells into organized three-dimensional (3D) structures with multiple cell types. Guidance is usually achieved by microtopographical scaffold cues or by cell-gel compaction. The assembly of individual units into functional 3D tissues is often time-consuming, relying on cell ingrowth and matrix remodeling, whereas disassembly requires an invasive method that includes either matrix dissolution or mechanical cutting. We invented Tissue-Velcro, a bio-scaffold with a microfabricated hook and loop system. The assembly of Tissue-Velcro preserved the guided cell alignment realized by the topographical features in the 2D scaffold mesh and allowed for the instant establishment of coculture conditions by spatially defined stacking of cardiac cell layers or through endothelial cell coating. The assembled cardiac 3D tissue constructs were immediately functional as measured by their ability to contract in response to electrical field stimulation. Facile, on-demand tissue disassembly was demonstrated while preserving the structure, physical integrity, and beating function of individual layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Miles Montgomery
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Locke Davenport-Huyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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28
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Huyer LD, Montgomery M, Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Conant G, Korolj A, Radisic M. Biomaterial based cardiac tissue engineering and its applications. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:034004. [PMID: 25989939 PMCID: PMC4464787 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/034004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating the development of effective treatment strategies. A myocardial infarction involves the blockage of a coronary artery leading to depletion of nutrient and oxygen supply to cardiomyocytes and massive cell death in a region of the myocardium. Cardiac tissue engineering is the growth of functional cardiac tissue in vitro on biomaterial scaffolds for regenerative medicine application. This strategy relies on the optimization of the complex relationship between cell networks and biomaterial properties. In this review, we discuss important biomaterial properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications, such as elasticity, degradation, and induced host response, and their relationship to engineered cardiac cell environments. With these properties in mind, we also emphasize in vitro use of cardiac tissues for high-throughput drug screening and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Locke Davenport Huyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miles Montgomery
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Genevieve Conant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network and IBBME, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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29
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Calkoen EE, Vicente-Steijn R, Hahurij ND, van Munsteren CJ, Roest AAW, DeRuiter MC, Steendijk P, Schalij MJ, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Blom NA, Jongbloed MRM. Abnormal sinoatrial node development resulting from disturbed vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Int J Cardiol 2014; 183:249-57. [PMID: 25700200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus node dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Variants in the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF) pathway are associated with CHD. In Vegf(120/120) mice, over-expressing VEGF120, a reduced sinoatrial node (SAN) volume was suggested. Aim of the study is to assess the effect of VEGF over-expression on SAN development and function. METHODS Heart rate was measured in Vegf(120/120) and wildtype (WT) embryos during high frequency ultrasound studies at embryonic day (E)12.5, 14.5 and 17.5 and by optical mapping at E12.5. Morphology was studied with several antibodies. SAN volume estimations were performed, and qualitative-PCR was used to quantify expression of genes in SAN tissues of WT and Vegf(120/120) embryos. RESULTS Heart rate was reduced in Vegf(120/120) compared with WT embryos during embryonic echocardiography (52 ± 17 versus 125 ± 31 beats per minute (bpm) at E12.5, p<0.001; 123 ± 37 vs 160 ± 29 bmp at E14.5, p=0.024; and 177 ± 30 vs 217 ± 34 bmp, at E17.5 p=0.017) and optical mapping (81 ± 5 vs 116 ± 8 bpm at E12.5; p=0.003). The SAN of mutant embryos was smaller and more vascularized, and showed increased expression of the fast conducting gap junction protein, Connexin43. CONCLUSIONS Over-expression of VEGF120 results in reduced heart rate and a smaller, less compact and hypervascularized SAN with increased expression of Connexin43. This indicates that VEGF is necessary for normal SAN development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline E Calkoen
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Vicente-Steijn
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan D Hahurij
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Conny J van Munsteren
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arno A W Roest
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Steendijk
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico A Blom
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Dai S, Liu J, Sun X, Wang N. Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing VEGF expression and up-regulating the expression of connexin 43. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:434. [PMID: 25374251 PMCID: PMC4232730 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Reishimax) is an herbal mushroom known to have inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its anti-proliferative effects on the ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated. Methods Human ovarian cancer cells HO 8910 (HOCC) and human primary ovarian cells (HPOC) were treated with G. lucidum. Effects of G. lucidum treatment on cell proliferation were studied by MTT assay. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connexin 43 (Cx43) were measured by immunohistochemistry and real time polymerase chain reaction. To study the molecular mechanism of CX43 mediated anti-tumor activity, small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown Cx43 expression in HOCC. Results G. lucidum treatment resulted in reduced proliferation of HOCC. Inhibition of proliferation was accompanied by a decrease in VEGF expression and increase in Cx43 expression in the cancer cells. The extent of immune-reactivity of Cx43 or VEGF in cancer cells were correlated with the concentrations of G. lucidum used for treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of Cx43 expression in HOCC abrogated the effect of G. lucidum on cell proliferation without alteration of G. lucidum-induced attenuation of VEGF expression. Conclusions G. lucidum inhibits ovarian cancer by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and up-regulating the downstream Cx43 expression. G. lucidum may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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31
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Miklas JW, Nunes SS, Sofla A, Reis LA, Pahnke A, Xiao Y, Laschinger C, Radisic M. Bioreactor for modulation of cardiac microtissue phenotype by combined static stretch and electrical stimulation. Biofabrication 2014; 6:024113. [PMID: 24876342 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/024113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a bioreactor capable of applying electrical field stimulation in conjunction with static strain and on-line force of contraction measurements. It consisted of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tissue chamber and a pneumatically driven stretch platform. The chamber contained eight tissue microwells (8.05 mm in length and 2.5 mm in width) with a pair of posts (2.78 mm in height and 0.8 mm in diameter) in each well to serve as fixation points and for measurements of contraction force. Carbon rods, stimulating electrodes, were placed into the PDMS chamber such that one pair stimulated four microwells. For feasibility studies, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were seeded in collagen gels into the microwells. Following 3 days of gel compaction, electrical field stimulation at 3-4 V cm(-1) and 1 Hz, mechanical stimulation of 5% static strain or electromechanical stimulation (field stimulation at 3-4 V cm(-1), 1 Hz and 5% static strain) were applied for 3 days. Cardiac microtissues subjected to electromechanical stimulation exhibited elevated amplitude of contraction and improved sarcomere structure as evidenced by sarcomeric α-actinin, actin and troponin T staining compared to microtissues subjected to electrical or mechanical stimulation alone or non-stimulated controls. The expression of atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide was also elevated in the electromechanically stimulated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Miklas
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Design and formulation of functional pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac microtissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4698-707. [PMID: 24255110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1311120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to robust and information-rich human cardiac tissue models would accelerate drug-based strategies for treating heart disease. Despite significant effort, the generation of high-fidelity adult-like human cardiac tissue analogs remains challenging. We used computational modeling of tissue contraction and assembly mechanics in conjunction with microfabricated constraints to guide the design of aligned and functional 3D human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiac microtissues that we term cardiac microwires (CMWs). Miniaturization of the platform circumvented the need for tissue vascularization and enabled higher-throughput image-based analysis of CMW drug responsiveness. CMW tissue properties could be tuned using electromechanical stimuli and cell composition. Specifically, controlling self-assembly of 3D tissues in aligned collagen, and pacing with point stimulation electrodes, were found to promote cardiac maturation-associated gene expression and in vivo-like electrical signal propagation. Furthermore, screening a range of hPSC-derived cardiac cell ratios identified that 75% NKX2 Homeobox 5 (NKX2-5)+ cardiomyocytes and 25% Cluster of Differentiation 90 OR (CD90)+ nonmyocytes optimized tissue remodeling dynamics and yielded enhanced structural and functional properties. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the optimized platform in a tachycardic model of arrhythmogenesis, an aspect of cardiac electrophysiology not previously recapitulated in 3D in vitro hPSC-derived cardiac microtissue models. The design criteria identified with our CMW platform should accelerate the development of predictive in vitro assays of human heart tissue function.
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Tandon V, Zhang B, Radisic M, Murthy SK. Generation of tissue constructs for cardiovascular regenerative medicine: from cell procurement to scaffold design. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:722-35. [PMID: 22951918 PMCID: PMC3527695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the human body to naturally recover from coronary heart disease is limited because cardiac cells are terminally differentiated, have low proliferation rates, and low turn-over rates. Cardiovascular tissue engineering offers the potential for production of cardiac tissue ex vivo, but is currently limited by several challenges: (i) Tissue engineering constructs require pure populations of seed cells, (ii) Fabrication of 3-D geometrical structures with features of the same length scales that exist in native tissue is non-trivial, and (iii) Cells require stimulation from the appropriate biological, electrical and mechanical factors. In this review, we summarize the current state of microfluidic techniques for enrichment of subpopulations of cells required for cardiovascular tissue engineering, which offer unique advantages over traditional plating and FACS/MACS-based enrichment. We then summarize modern techniques for producing tissue engineering scaffolds that mimic native cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Tandon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 342 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, WB 368, Toronto, ON
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, WB 368, Toronto, ON
| | - Shashi K. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 342 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA
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Ruvinov E, Sapir Y, Cohen S. Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Principles, Materials, and Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2200/s00437ed1v01y201207tis009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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