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Feng L, Wang Y, Fu Y, Li T, He G. Stem Cell-Based Strategies: The Future Direction of Bioartificial Liver Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:601-616. [PMID: 38170319 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) results from severe liver damage or end-stage liver disease. It is extremely fatal and causes serious health and economic burdens worldwide. Once ALF occurs, liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive and recommended treatment; however, LT is limited by the scarcity of liver grafts. Consequently, the clinical use of bioartificial liver (BAL) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for ALF. Human primary hepatocytes are an ideal cell source for these methods. However, their high demand and superior viability prevent their widespread use. Hence, finding alternatives that meet the seed cell quality and quantity requirements is imperative. Stem cells with self-renewing, immunogenic, and differentiative capacities are potential cell sources. MSCs and its secretomes encompass a spectrum of beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-ROS (reactive oxygen species), anti-apoptotic, pro-metabolomic, anti-fibrogenesis, and pro-regenerative attributes. This review focused on the recent status and future directions of stem cell-based strategies in BAL for ALF. Additionally, we discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting such strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Ivanova EA, Dzyuman AN, Dvornichenko MV. Local biocompatibility and biochemical profile of hepatic cytolysis in subcutaneous implantation of polylactide matrices. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-4-63-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate local biocompatibility and systemic effects of nonwoven polylactide (PLA) matrices on blood and liver parameters after their subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats.Materials and methods. Bioabsorbable fibrous PLA matrices were produced by electrospinning and had dimensions (10 × 10 mm², thickness of no more than 0.5 mm; fiber diameter in the matrix ~1 μm) appropriate for subcutaneous implantation in white laboratory rats. Polymer implants were sterilized in ethylene oxide vapor. Thirty days after the implantation of PLA matrices, local biocompatibility according to GOST ISO 10993-6-2011, cellular parameters (total leukocyte count, hemogram, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration), and biochemical blood parameters (lactate concentration, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels) were studied, and a standard histologic evaluation of the liver was performed.Results. PLA matrix samples were mild local irritants on a scale of 1–1.9 points according to GOST ISO 10993-6-2011 criteria 30 days after the subcutaneous implantation. The median density of distribution of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in the connective tissue around and in PLA matrices was 1,500 (1,350; 1,550) per 1 mm² of a slice. Pronounced leukocytic reaction due to lymphocytosis was noted (an increase by 1.7 times compared with a sham-operated (SO) control group, р < 0.02). The absence of a significant neutrophil count in the blood revealed sterile inflammation proceeding in the subcutaneous tissue around the PLA materials. Normalization of hepatic cytolysis markers (ALT and AST activity) in the blood without pronounced changes in the structure of the liver and the number of binuclear hepatocytes was noted. These markers were increased in SO controls (ALT up to 123% and AST up to 142%, p < 0.001 compared with values in the intact group).Conclusion. Nonwoven PLA matrices are biocompatible with subcutaneous tissue, undergo bioresorption by MNGCs, and have a distant protective effect on the functional state of the liver in laboratory animals. Hypotheses on the detected systemic effect during subcutaneous implantation of PLA matrices were discussed; however, specific mechanisms require further study.
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Chiang YC, Yeh HW, Hu SM, Wu CY, Wu TY, Chen CH, Liao PC, Guan ZY, Cheng NC, Chen HY. Vapor construction and modification of stem cell-laden multicomponent scaffolds for regenerative therapeutics. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100213. [PMID: 35198961 PMCID: PMC8850674 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering based on the combined use of isolated cells, scaffolds, and growth factors is widely used; however, the manufacture of cell-preloaded scaffolds faces challenges. Herein, we fabricated a multicomponent scaffold with multiple component accommodations, including bioactive molecules (BMs), such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and l-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (A2-P), and living cells of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), within one scaffold construct. We report an innovative fabrication process based on vapor-phased construction using iced templates for vapor sublimation. Simultaneously, the vaporized water molecules were replaced by vapor deposition of poly-p-xylylene (PPX, USP Class VI, highly compatible polymer, FDA-approved records), forming a three-dimensional and porous scaffold matrix. More importantly, a multicomponent modification was achieved based on using nonvolatile solutes, including bioactive molecules of FGF-2 and A2-P, and living cells of hASCs, to prepare iced templates for sublimation. Additionally, the fabrication and construction resulted in a multicomponent scaffold product comprising the devised molecules, cells, and vapor-polymerized poly-p-xylylene as the scaffold matrix. The clean and dry fabrication process did not require catalysts, initiators or plasticizers, and potentially harmful solvents, and the scaffold products were produced in simple steps within hours of the processing time. Cell viability analysis showed a high survival rate (approximately 86.4%) for the accommodated hASCs in the fabricated scaffold product, and a surprising multilineage differentiation potential of hASCs was highly upregulated because of synergistic guidance by the same accommodated FGF-2 and A2-P components. Proliferation and self-renewal activities were also demonstrated with enhancement of the multicomponent scaffold product. Finally, in vivo calvarial defect studies further revealed that the constructed scaffolds provided blood vessels to grow into the bone defect areas with enhancement, and the induced conduction of osteoblast growth also promoted bone healing toward osseointegration. The reported scaffold construction technology represents a prospective tissue engineering scaffold product to enable accommodable and customizable versatility to control the distribution and composition of loading delicate BMs and living hASCs in one scaffold construct and demonstrates unlimited applications in tissue engineering repair and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chih Chiang
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Colleage of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Yeh
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Chen
- School of Dentistry, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Yu Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chen Cheng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Xing F, Li L, Zhou C, Long C, Wu L, Lei H, Kong Q, Fan Y, Xiang Z, Zhang X. Regulation and Directing Stem Cell Fate by Tissue Engineering Functional Microenvironments: Scaffold Physical and Chemical Cues. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2180925. [PMID: 31949436 PMCID: PMC6948329 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2180925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that stem cells reside within tissue engineering functional microenvironments that physically localize them and direct their stem cell fate. Recent efforts in the development of more complex and engineered scaffold technologies, together with new understanding of stem cell behavior in vitro, have provided a new impetus to study regulation and directing stem cell fate. A variety of tissue engineering technologies have been developed to regulate the fate of stem cells. Traditional methods to change the fate of stem cells are adding growth factors or some signaling pathways. In recent years, many studies have revealed that the geometrical microenvironment played an essential role in regulating the fate of stem cells, and the physical factors of scaffolds including mechanical properties, pore sizes, porosity, surface stiffness, three-dimensional structures, and mechanical stimulation may affect the fate of stem cells. Chemical factors such as cell-adhesive ligands and exogenous growth factors would also regulate the fate of stem cells. Understanding how these physical and chemical cues affect the fate of stem cells is essential for building more complex and controlled scaffolds for directing stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyuan Lei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 610064 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Natale A, Vanmol K, Arslan A, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Buzgo M, Boeckmans J, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Rodrigues RM. Technological advancements for the development of stem cell-based models for hepatotoxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1789-1805. [PMID: 31037322 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types of the human body. Using directed differentiation strategies, stem cells can now be converted into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and therefore, represent a unique cell source for toxicological applications in vitro. However, the acquired hepatic functionality of stem cell-derived HLCs is still significantly inferior to primary human hepatocytes. One of the main reasons for this is that most in vitro models use traditional two-dimensional (2D) setups where the flat substrata cannot properly mimic the physiology of the human liver. Therefore, 2D-setups are progressively being replaced by more advanced culture systems, which attempt to replicate the natural liver microenvironment, in which stem cells can better differentiate towards HLCs. This review highlights the most recent cell culture systems, including scaffold-free and scaffold-based three-dimensional (3D) technologies and microfluidics that can be employed for culture and hepatic differentiation of stem cells intended for hepatotoxicity testing. These methodologies have shown to improve in vitro liver cell functionality according to the in vivo liver physiology and allow to establish stem cell-based hepatic in vitro platforms for the accurate evaluation of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Vanmol
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aysu Arslan
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Xu L, Wang S, Sui X, Wang Y, Su Y, Huang L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Chen Q, Du H, Zhang Y, Yan L. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Seeded Regenerated Silk Fibroin Complex Matrices for Liver Regeneration in an Animal Model of Acute Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14716-14723. [PMID: 28409921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main limitation of liver transplantation as a treatment for end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure is the scarcity of liver organ donors. To develop an alternative therapy for acute liver failure, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) matrices were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were planted and grown on RSF scaffolds to form a scaffold complex. The RSF-MSC scaffold complex (the experimental group) and neat RSF scaffolds (the control group) were then placed onto the liver surface of mice induced by CCl4 and detected after 5, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days. The growth and distribution of MSCs were tracked using fluorescence microscopy and live small animal fluorescence. Liver functions were tested using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The histological kinetics of RSF complex and liver tissues were observed using hematoxylin & eosin staining. We found that MSCs exhibited good biocompatibility with RSF and differentiated to hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. Liver functions of the mice in the experimental group were significantly improved than that in the control group. Moreover, angiogenesis and hepatocyte-like cells were discovered in the RSF scaffolds in an animal model of acute liver failure on the fifth day and in the second month, respectively. The MSCs-RSF matrices show an obvious therapeutic ability for injured liver function of mice, which is more efficient than the neat RSF scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Emergency Department, Chinese Eighteenth PLA General Hospital , Yecheng 844900, China
| | | | | | | | - Yaopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620, China
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Hong JH, Lee HJ, Jeong B. Injectable Polypeptide Thermogel as a Tissue Engineering System for Hepatogenic Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11568-11576. [PMID: 28290667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-alanine) (PEG-l-PA) hydrogel incorporating tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) was prepared through thermal gelation of an aqueous polymer solution for an injectable tissue engineering application. The thermal gelation accompanied conformational changes of both PA and PEG blocks. The gel modulus at 37 °C was controlled to be 1000 Pa by using a 14.0 wt % aqueous polymer solution. The gel preserved its physical integrity during the 3D culture of the cells. TUDCA, HGF, and FGF4 were released from the PEG-l-PA hydrogel over 21 days of the 3D cell culture period. TMSCs initially exhibited a spherical shape, whereas some fibers protruded from the cells on days 14-21 of 3D culture. The injectable system exhibited pronounced expressions of the hepatic biomarkers at both mRNA and protein levels, which are significantly better than the commercially available hyaluronic acid gel. In particular, the hepatogenically differentiated cells from the TMSCs in the injectable system demonstrated hepatic biofunctions comparable to HepG2 cells for the uptakes of low density lipoproteins (52%) and indocyanine green (76%), and the production of albumin (40%) and urea (52%), which are also significantly better than the 3D-cultured cells in the commercially available hyaluronic acid gel. Our studies suggest that the PEG-l-PA thermogel incorporating TMSCs, TUDCA, and growth factors is highly promising as an in situ forming tissue engineering system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Hye Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Chitrangi S, Nair P, Khanna A. Three-dimensional polymer scaffolds for enhanced differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells: a comparative study. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2359-2372. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chitrangi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Prabha Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies; Shree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science; SVMK'S NMIMS University; Mumbai Maharashtra India
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Yeo M, Lee JS, Chun W, Kim GH. An Innovative Collagen-Based Cell-Printing Method for Obtaining Human Adipose Stem Cell-Laden Structures Consisting of Core-Sheath Structures for Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1365-75. [PMID: 26998966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell printing processes have been used widely in various tissue engineering applications due to the efficient embedding of living cells in appropriately designed micro- or macro-structures. However, there are several issues to overcome, such as the limited choice of bioinks and tailor-made fabricating strategies. Here, we suggest a new, innovative cell-printing process, supplemented with a core-sheath nozzle and an aerosol cross-linking method, to obtain multilayered cell-laden mesh structure and a newly considered collagen-based cell-laden bioink. To obtain a mechanically and biologically enhanced cell-laden structure, we used collagen-bioink in the core region, and also used pure alginate in the sheath region to protect the cells in the collagen during the printing and cross-linking process and support the 3D cell-laden mesh structure. To achieve the most appropriate conditions for fabricating cell-embedded cylindrical core-sheath struts, various processing conditions, including weight fractions of the cross-linking agent and pneumatic pressure in the core region, were tested. The fabricated 3D MG63-laden mesh structure showed significantly higher cell viability (92 ± 3%) compared with that (83 ± 4%) of the control, obtained using a general alginate-based cell-printing process. To expand the feasibility to stem cell-embedded structures, we fabricated a cell-laden mesh structure consisting of core (cell-laden collagen)/sheath (pure alginate) using human adipose stem cells (hASCs). Using the selected processing conditions, we could achieve a stable 3D hASC-laden mesh structure. The fabricated cell-laden 3D core-sheath structure exhibited outstanding cell viability (91%) compared to that (83%) of an alginate-based hASC-laden mesh structure (control), and more efficient hepatogenic differentiations (albumin: ∼ 1.7-fold, TDO-2: ∼ 7.6-fold) were observed versus the control. The selection of collagen-bioink and the new printing strategy could lead to an efficient way to achieve 3D cell-laden mesh structures that mimic the anatomical architecture of a patient's defective region.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyungGu Yeo
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Seoul 445-907, South Korea
| | - Wook Chun
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Seoul 445-907, South Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Kakabadze A, Kakabadze Z. Prospect of using decellularized human placenta and cow placentome for creation of new organs: targeting the liver (part I: anatomic study). Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1222-7. [PMID: 26036559 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper presents anatomic studies of decellularized human placenta and cow placentome and proves that there is a possibility to create a scaffold using the natural microvascular structure for growing organs and tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anatomic studies were conducted on 20 full-term placentas from human donors, and placentomes collected from 8 cows. Before the anatomic studies of human placenta and cow placentome, decellularization was conducted. For visualization of vessels, 50% Latex in water (Nairit L3) through the umbilical cord artery and vein was injected. Corrosion casts were also prepared. RESULTS An important feature in the transplantation of microfragments of the liver tissue is the blood supply system of the piled chorion, which consists of the main vascular trunks, and perivascular and superficial capillary network. Conditionally, based on the degree of difficulty, there are several types of grouping of the capillaries in terminal pile: simple capillary knot, coiled capillary knot, and complexly organized tangle-shaped capillary network with the richly anastomosing crimped microvessels. A similar pattern was observed in the terminal pile of the placentomes of the cow. For the creation of the auxiliary liver and connection of it into the systemic circulation of the recipient, we can use this exclusiveness of the angioarchitechtonics. CONCLUSIONS Anatomic studies demonstrated that decellularized human placenta, as well as cow placentome, can be used as a scaffold for growth of organs and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kakabadze
- Center of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Z Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Ahn SH, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Yoon H, Chun W, Kim GH. A novel cell-printing method and its application to hepatogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cell-embedded mesh structures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13427. [PMID: 26293341 PMCID: PMC4544022 DOI: 10.1038/srep13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a cell-dispensing technique, using a core-shell nozzle and an absorbent dispensing stage to form cell-embedded struts. In the shell of the nozzle, a cross-linking agent flowed continuously onto the surface of the dispensed bioink in the core nozzle, so that the bioink struts were rapidly gelled, and any remnant cross-linking solution during the process was rapidly absorbed into the working stage, resulting in high cell-viability in the bioink strut and stable formation of a three-dimensional mesh structure. The cell-printing conditions were optimized by manipulating the process conditions to obtain high mechanical stability and high cell viability. The cell density was 1 × 10(7) mL(-1), which was achieved using a 3-wt% solution of alginate in phosphate-buffered saline, a mass fraction of 1.2 wt% of CaCl2 flowing in the shell nozzle with a fixed flow rate of 0.08 mL min(-1), and a translation velocity of the printing nozzle of 10 mm s(-1). To demonstrate the applicability of the technique, preosteoblasts and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) were used to obtain cell-laden structures with multi-layer porous mesh structures. The fabricated cell-laden mesh structures exhibited reasonable initial cell viabilities for preosteoblasts (93%) and hASCs (92%), and hepatogenic differentiation of hASC was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Jin Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wook Chun
- Department of Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea
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A comparison of the chemical and liver extract-induced hepatic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang S, Zhang B, Chen X, Chen L, Wang Z, Wang Y. Three-dimensional culture in a microgravity bioreactor improves the engraftment efficiency of hepatic tissue constructs in mice. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2699-2709. [PMID: 25056199 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered liver using primary hepatocytes has been considered a valuable new therapeutic modality as an alternative to whole organ liver transplantation for different liver diseases. The development of clinically feasible liver tissue engineering approaches, however, has been hampered by the poor engraftment efficiency of hepatocytes. We developed a three-dimensional (3D) culture system using a microgravity bioreactor (MB), biodegradable scaffolds and growth-factor-reduced Matrigel to construct a tissue-engineered liver for transplantation into the peritoneal cavity of non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient mice. The number of viable cells in the hepatic tissue constructs was stably maintained in the 3D MB culture system. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and zonula occludens-1 expression revealed that neonatal mouse liver cells were reorganized to form tissue-like structures during MB culture. Significantly upregulated hepatic functions (albumin secretion, urea production and cytochrome P450 activity) were observed in the MB culture group. Post-transplantation analysis indicated that the engraftment efficiency of the hepatic tissue constructs prepared in MB cultures was higher than that of those prepared in the static cultures. Higher level of hepatic function in the implants was confirmed by the expression of albumin. These findings suggest that 3D MB culture systems may offer an improved method for creating tissue-engineered liver because of the higher engraftment efficiency and the reduction of the initial cell function loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China,
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Kodali A, Lim TC, Leong DT, Tong YW. Cell-microsphere constructs formed with human adipose-derived stem cells and gelatin microspheres promotes stemness, differentiation, and controlled pro-angiogenic potential. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1458-68. [PMID: 24986523 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Translation of stem cell therapies to clinical stage requires viable delivery vehicles that can control stem cell behavior. In this study, the suitability of gelatin microspheres (GMs) as such a tissue engineering platform for human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) is investigated. ADSCs on GMs, show a significant upregulation of well known pluripotent marker genes, together with the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages of adipocytes, osteocytes, and hepatocytes. In addition, the pro-angiogenic ability of ADSC-GMs is also enhanced compared to ADSCs on 2D culture plates. These results suggest that GMs can be a suitable culture platform for ADSCs with enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Kodali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Loh QL, Choong C. Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:485-502. [PMID: 23672709 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1430] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li Loh
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue. These stem cells, now known as adipose-derived stem cells or ADSCs, have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. As of today, thousands of research and clinical articles have been published using ASCs, describing their possible pluripotency in vitro, their uses in regenerative animal models, and their application to the clinic. This paper outlines the progress made in the ASC field since their initial description in 2001, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo, their use in mediating inflammation and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and their potential for reprogramming into induced pluripotent cells.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective therapy for liver failure. However, OLT is severely limited by the shortage of liver donors. Bioartificial liver (BAL) shows great potential as an alternative therapy for liver failure. In recent years, progress has been made in BAL regarding genetically engineered cell lines, immortalized human hepatocytes, methods for preserving the phenotype of primary human hepatocytes, and other functional hepatocytes derived from stem cells. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed and ISI Web of Science was performed to identify relevant studies in English language literature using the key words such as liver failure, bioartificial liver, hepatocyte, stem cells, differentiation, and immortalization. More than 200 articles related to the cell sources of hepatocyte in BAL were systematically reviewed. RESULTS Methods for preserving the phenotype of primary human hepatocytes have been successfully developed. Many genetically engineered cell lines and immortalized human hepatocytes have also been established. Among these cell lines, the incorporation of BAL with GS-HepG2 cells or alginate-encapsulated HepG2 cells could prolong the survival time and improve pathophysiological parameters in an animal model of liver failure. The cBAL111 cells were evaluated using the AMC-BAL bioreactor, which could eliminate ammonia and lidocaine, and produce albumin. Importantly, BAL loading with HepLi-4 cells could significantly improve the blood biochemical parameters, and prolong the survival time in pigs with liver failure. Other functional hepatocytes differentiated from stem cells, such as human liver progenitor cells, have been successfully achieved. CONCLUSIONS Aside from genetically modified liver cell lines and immortalized human hepatocytes, other functional hepatocytes derived from stem cells show great potential as cell sources for BAL. BAL with safe and effective liver cells may be achieved for clinical liver failure in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Li YS, Harn HJ, Hsieh DK, Wen TC, Subeq YM, Sun LY, Lin SZ, Chiou TW. Cells and materials for liver tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:685-700. [PMID: 23127824 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the most efficacious treatment for end-stage liver diseases. However, one main problem with liver transplantation is the limited number of donor organs that are available. Therefore, liver tissue engineering based on cell transplantation that combines materials to mimic the liver is under investigation with the goal of restoring normal liver functions. Tissue engineering aims to mimic the interactions among cells with a scaffold. Particular materials or a matrix serve as a scaffold and provide a three-dimensional environment for cell proliferation and interaction. Moreover, the scaffold plays a role in regulating cell maturation and function via these interactions. In cultures of hepatic lineage cells, regulation of cell proliferation and specific function using biocompatible synthetic, biodegradable bioderived matrices, protein-coated materials, surface-modified nanofibers, and decellularized biomatrix has been demonstrated. Furthermore, beneficial effects of addition of growth factor cocktails to a flow bioreactor or coculture system on cell viability and function have been observed. In addition, a system for growing stem cells, liver progenitor cells, and primary hepatocytes for transplantation into animal models was developed, which produces hepatic lineage cells that are functional and that show long-term proliferation following transplantation. The major limitation of cells proliferated with matrix-based transplantation systems is the high initial cell loss and dysfunction, which may be due to the absence of blood flow and the changes in nutrients. Thus, the development of vascular-like scaffold structures, the formation of functional bile ducts, and the maintenance of complex metabolic functions remain as major problems in hepatic tissue engineering and will need to be addressed to enable further advances toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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Giri S, Bader A. Improved preclinical safety assessment using micro-BAL devices: the potential impact on human discovery and drug attrition. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:382-97. [PMID: 21354326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is often unpredictable in the early phase of drug discovery and leads to drug attrition in preclinical and clinical development. Here, we discuss the conventional preclinical liver models that do not mimic in vivo livers. We focus on key components such as new sources of hepatocyte-derived human stem cells, enhanced direct oxygenation, defined biocompatibility nanoscaffolds, organotypical cellular models, dynamic culture, and metabolite status inside and outside the cell for effective configuration for the development of a bioartificial liver (BAL) device to mimic the in vivo liver microenvironment. The potential for development of BAL devices could open up new avenues in: (i) hepatotoxicity assessment for selecting drug candidates during preclinical screening; and (ii) therapeutic approaches for liver cell therapy at the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibashish Giri
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Department of Cell Techniques and Applied Stem Cell Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Stem Cell Differentiation Depending on Different Surfaces. TISSUE ENGINEERING III: CELL - SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR TISSUE CULTURE 2011; 126:263-83. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Oh SH, Kim TH, Im GI, Lee JH. Investigation of pore size effect on chondrogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells using a pore size gradient scaffold. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1948-55. [PMID: 20690707 DOI: 10.1021/bm100199m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) cylindrical scaffolds with gradually increasing pore size along the longitudinal direction were fabricated by the centrifugation and thermal fibril-bonding process. The fabricated PCL scaffold showed a gradual increasing pore size (from approximately 90 to approximately 400 microm) and porosity (from approximately 80 to approximately 97%) along the cylindrical axis. The pore size gradient PCL scaffold was used to investigate the effect of pore size on the chondrogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells (ASCs). From the in vitro culture of ASCs, it was observed that the scaffold section having a pore size range of 370-400 microm provided a more favorable environment for chondrogenic differentiation than other pore size groups. The pore size gradient scaffolds can be a good tool for the systematic study of determining optimum pore size ranges for a variety of stem cell differentiation to a specific cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Heang Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, 461-6 Jeonmin Dong, Yuseong Gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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