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Dore R, Mittag J. Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Control of Heart Rate. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae093. [PMID: 39047059 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone has profound effects on cardiovascular functions, including heart rate. These effects can be mediated directly, for example, by changing the expression of target genes in the heart through nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, or indirectly by altering the autonomic nervous systems output of the brain. The underlying molecular mechanisms as well as the cellular substrates, however, are far from being understood. In this review, we summarize the recent key findings on the individual contributions of the two thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on the regulation of heart rate, challenging the role of the pacemaker channel genes Hcn2 and Hcn4 as sole mediators of the hormone's effect. Furthermore, we discuss the possible actions of thyroid hormone on the autonomic nervous system affecting heart rate distribution, and highlight the possibility of permanent alterations in heart and brain by impaired thyroid hormone action during development as important factors to consider when analyzing or designing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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2
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Dore R, Sentis SC, Johann K, Lopez-Alcantara N, Resch J, Chandrasekar A, Müller-Fielitz H, Moeller LC, Fuehrer D, Schwaninger M, Obermayer B, Opitz R, Mittag J. Partial Resistance to Thyroid Hormone-Induced Tachycardia and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptor β. Thyroid 2024; 34:796-805. [PMID: 38526409 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac functions mainly through direct actions in the heart and by binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms α1 and β. While the role of the most abundantly expressed isoform, TRα1, is widely studied and well characterized, the role of TRβ in regulating heart functions is still poorly understood, primarily due to the accompanying elevation of circulating thyroid hormone in TRβ knockout mice (TRβ-KO). However, their hyperthyroidism is ameliorated at thermoneutrality, which allows studying the role of TRβ without this confounding factor. Methods: Here, we noninvasively monitored heart rate in TRβ-KO mice over several days using radiotelemetry at different housing temperatures (22°C and 30°C) and upon 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) administration in comparison to wild-type animals. Results: TRβ-KO mice displayed normal average heart rate at both 22°C and 30°C with only minor changes in heart rate frequency distribution, which was confirmed by independent electrocardiogram recordings in freely-moving conscious mice. Parasympathetic nerve activity was, however, impaired in TRβ-KO mice at 22°C, and only partly rescued at 30°C. As expected, oral treatment with pharmacological doses of T3 at 30°C led to tachycardia in wild-types, accompanied by broader heart rate frequency distribution and increased heart weight. The TRβ-KO mice, in contrast, showed blunted tachycardia, as well as resistance to changes in heart rate frequency distribution and heart weight. At the molecular level, these observations were paralleled by a blunted cardiac mRNA induction of several important genes, including the pacemaker channels Hcn2 and Hcn4, as well as Kcna7. Conclusions: The phenotyping of TRβ-KO mice conducted at thermoneutrality allows novel insights on the role of TRβ in cardiac functions in the absence of the usual confounding hyperthyroidism. Even though TRβ is expressed at lower levels than TRα1 in the heart, our findings demonstrate an important role for this isoform in the cardiac response to thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nuria Lopez-Alcantara
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Akila Chandrasekar
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fuehrer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Sentis SC, Dore R, Oelkrug R, Kolms B, Iwen KA, Mittag J. Hypothalamic Thyroid Hormone Receptor α1 Signaling Controls Body Temperature. Thyroid 2024; 34:243-251. [PMID: 38149585 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: The importance of thyroid hormones (THs) for peripheral body temperature regulation has been long recognized, as medical conditions such as hyper- and hypothyroidism lead to alterations in body temperature and energy metabolism. In the past decade, the brain actions of THs and their respective nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ), coordinating body temperature regulation have moved into focus. However, the exact roles of the individual TR isoforms and their precise neuroanatomical substrates remain poorly understood. Methods: Here we used mice expressing a mutant TRα1 (TRα1+m) as well as TRβ knockouts to study body temperature regulation using radiotelemetry in conscious and freely moving animals at different ambient temperatures, including their response to oral 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) treatment. Subsequently, we tested the effects of a dominant-negative TRα1 on body temperature after adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression in the hypothalamus, a region known to be involved in thermoregulation. Results: While TRβ seems to play a negligible role in body temperature regulation, TRα1+m mice had lower body temperature, which was surprisingly not entirely normalized at 30°C, where defects in facultative thermogenesis or tail heat loss are eliminated as confounding factors. Only oral T3 treatment fully normalized the body temperature profile of TRα1+m mice, suggesting that the mutant TRα1 confers an altered central temperature set point in these mice. When we tested this hypothesis more directly by expressing the dominant-negative TRα1 selectively in the hypothalamus via AAV transfection, we observed a similarly reduced body temperature at room temperature and 30°C. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TRα1 signaling in the hypothalamus is important for maintaining body temperature. However, further studies are needed to dissect the precise neuroanatomical substrates and the downstream pathways mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Riccardo Dore
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl Alexander Iwen
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institut für Endokrinologie und Diabetes, AG Molekulare Endokrinologie, Universität zu Lübeck/Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Lübeck, Germany
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhao W, Li N, Chen G, Ge J, Su X, Ge S, Sun C. Cardiac structural and functional remodeling in the fetuses associated with maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2203796. [PMID: 37121903 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy on fetal cardiac structural and functional remodeling using fetal echocardiography. METHODS A total of 59 pregnant women with history of hypothyroidism were prospectively enrolled as the study group, and 74 normal fetuses as the control group. Fetal echocardiography was performed on each subject. Demographic, clinical, and fetal echocardiographic variables were measured, including left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) free wall and ventricular septal thickness, fractional shortening (FS), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), combined cardiac output (CCO), cardiac index (CI), combined cardiac index (CCI), aortic and pulmonary artery velocity, ductus venosus (DV) and pulmonary vein (PV) spectral Doppler, and Tei index. RESULTS The incidence of echogenic intracardiac foci (EIF) was higher in the study group than that in the control group (18.6% vs. 6.8%, p = .036). The thickness of LV free wall and interventricular septum was reduced, the pulmonary velocities and CCI, RV FS, CO, and CI were lower, the S, D, S/A, and pulsatility index (PI) of DV were higher, and LV Tei index was higher in the study group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in other variables between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS There is cardiac remodeling, and systolic, diastolic functional alterations in fetuses with maternal hypothyroidism. Further investigation is warranted to develop strategies to optimize the outcome of these fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lisi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guihong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Nutrition, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xingna Su
- Department of Ultrasound, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Ningjin County, Xingtai, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Department of Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Geisinger Heart and Vascular Institute, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Congxin Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
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Dore R, Watson L, Hollidge S, Krause C, Sentis SC, Oelkrug R, Geißler C, Johann K, Pedaran M, Lyons G, Lopez-Alcantara N, Resch J, Sayk F, Iwen KA, Franke A, Boysen TJ, Dalley JW, Lorenz K, Moran C, Rennie KL, Arner A, Kirchner H, Chatterjee K, Mittag J. Resistance to thyroid hormone induced tachycardia in RTHα syndrome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3312. [PMID: 37286550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) cause Resistance to Thyroid Hormone α (RTHα), a disorder characterized by hypothyroidism in TRα1-expressing tissues including the heart. Surprisingly, we report that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine to overcome tissue hormone resistance does not elevate their heart rate. Cardiac telemetry in male, TRα1 mutant, mice indicates that such persistent bradycardia is caused by an intrinsic cardiac defect and not due to altered autonomic control. Transcriptomic analyses show preserved, thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent upregulation of pacemaker channels (Hcn2, Hcn4), but irreversibly reduced expression of several ion channel genes controlling heart rate. Exposure of TRα1 mutant male mice to higher maternal T3 concentrations in utero, restores altered expression and DNA methylation of ion channels, including Ryr2. Our findings indicate that target genes other than Hcn2 and Hcn4 mediate T3-induced tachycardia and suggest that treatment of RTHα patients with thyroxine in high dosage without concomitant tachycardia, is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laura Watson
- National Institute Health and Care Research Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christin Krause
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epigenetics & Metabolism, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sarah Christine Sentis
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cathleen Geißler
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pedaran
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Greta Lyons
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Lopez-Alcantara
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Sayk
- Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karl Alexander Iwen
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide Jens Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carla Moran
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Beacon Hospital and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirsten L Rennie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, c/o Igelösa Life Science AB, Igelösa 373, 225 94, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epigenetics & Metabolism, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Krishna Chatterjee
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Hernandez A, Martinez ME, Chaves C, Anselmo J. Epigenetic developmental programming and intergenerational effects of thyroid hormones. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:23-49. [PMID: 36863795 PMCID: PMC10938172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is showing that altered signaling through the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily can cause abnormal, long-term epigenetic changes which translate into pathological modifications and susceptibility to disease. These effects seem to be more prominent if the exposure occurs early in life, when transcriptomic profiles are rapidly changing. At this time, the coordination of the complex coordinated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation that characterize mammalian development. Such exposures may also alter the epigenetic information of the germ line, potentially leading to developmental changes and abnormal outcomes in subsequent generations. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is mediated by specific nuclear receptors, which have the ability to markedly change chromatin structure and gene transcription, and can also regulate other determinants of epigenetic marks. TH exhibits pleiotropic effects in mammals, and during development, its action is regulated in a highly dynamic manner to suit the rapidly evolving needs of multiple tissues. Their molecular mechanisms of action, timely developmental regulation and broad biological effects place THs in a central position to play a role in the developmental epigenetic programming of adult pathophysiology and, through effects on the germ line, in inter- and trans-generational epigenetic phenomena. These areas of epigenetic research are in their infancy, and studies regarding THs are limited. In the context of their characteristics as epigenetic modifiers and their finely tuned developmental action, here we review some of the observations underscoring the role that altered TH action may play in the developmental programming of adult traits and in the phenotypes of subsequent generations via germ line transmission of altered epigenetic information. Considering the relatively high prevalence of thyroid disease and the ability of some environmental chemicals to disrupt TH action, the epigenetic effects of abnormal levels of TH action may be important contributors to the non-genetic etiology of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States; Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States; Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - M Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Carolina Chaves
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Joao Anselmo
- Serviço de Endocrinologia e Nutrição, Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
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Sreenivasan VKA, Dore R, Resch J, Maier J, Dietrich C, Henck J, Balachandran S, Mittag J, Spielmann M. Single-cell RNA-based phenotyping reveals a pivotal role of thyroid hormone receptor alpha for hypothalamic development. Development 2023; 150:286776. [PMID: 36715020 PMCID: PMC10110490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and its receptor TRα1 play an important role in brain development. Several animal models have been used to investigate this function, including mice heterozygous for the TRα1R384C mutation, which confers receptor-mediated hypothyroidism. These mice display abnormalities in several autonomic functions, which was partially attributed to a developmental defect in hypothalamic parvalbumin neurons. However, whether other cell types in the hypothalamus are similarly affected remains unknown. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to obtain an unbiased view on the importance of TRα1 for hypothalamic development and cellular diversity. Our data show that defective TRα1 signaling has surprisingly little effect on the development of hypothalamic neuronal populations, but it heavily affects hypothalamic oligodendrocytes. Using selective reactivation of the mutant TRα1 during specific developmental periods, we find that early postnatal thyroid hormone action seems to be crucial for proper hypothalamic oligodendrocyte maturation. Taken together, our findings underline the well-known importance of postnatal thyroid health for brain development and provide an unbiased roadmap for the identification of cellular targets of TRα1 action in mouse hypothalamic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun K A Sreenivasan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Riccardo Dore
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Resch
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Maier
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carola Dietrich
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jana Henck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Saranya Balachandran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck and Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Human Molecular Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck 23562, Germany
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8
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Luan YL, Ou YQ, Liu XQ, Lin S, Guo Y. Triclosan in paired-maternal and cord blood, and their relationships with congenital heart disease of baby. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159205. [PMID: 36202352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal triclosan (TCS) exposure has been reported to be associated with various birth outcomes and thyroid function, while the study of TCS exposure for congenital heart disease (CHD) patients is limited. In the present study, paired mother-fetus blood samples from CHD and healthy participants were collected to measure TCS exposure levels, and then check their relationship. Coupled with the concentrations of thyroid function biomarkers [free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies (TgAb)] in maternal blood, we aimed to investigate whether the hormone-disrupting properties of TCS will affect its association with CHD. Our results indicated that the maternal TCS concentrations in the CHD group (median 0.31 ng/mL) were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.48 ng/mL, Mann Whitney U test, p = 0.01). Higher interquartile of TCS levels in maternal blood was associated with decrease odds of CHD (adjusted OR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.41-0.91, p = 0.02). Maternal blood TCS higher than the cut-off value (25th quantile, 0.17 ng/mL) was significantly negatively associated with CHD risk (adjusted OR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.09-0.62, p < 0.01). Besides, none of the thyroid biomarkers were significantly associated with maternal TCS exposure. However, maternal FT4 concentrations were positively correlated with TCS transplacental transfer rate and cord blood TCS levels (general linear regression, both p < 0.01). The results of molecular docking and dynamics simulation suggested that these correlations might be related to the transthyretin, a thyroid hormone-binding protein involved in the placental thyroid hormone transport system. Overall, our findings indicated that at normal exposure levels, the increase of maternal blood TCS concentration may have an inverse association with CHD, which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Luan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Ou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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9
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Martinez ME, Pinz I, Preda M, Norton CR, Gridley T, Hernandez A. DIO3 protects against thyrotoxicosis-derived cranio-encephalic and cardiac congenital abnormalities. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e161214. [PMID: 36166296 PMCID: PMC9675556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities at birth, but it is not clear which of these defects arise from a transient developmental excess of thyroid hormone and which depend on pregnancy stage, antithyroid drug choice, or unwanted subsequent fetal hypothyroidism. To address this issue, we studied a mouse model of comprehensive developmental thyrotoxicosis secondary to a lack of type 3 deiodinase (DIO3). Dio3-/- mice exhibited reduced neonatal viability on most genetic backgrounds and perinatal lethality on a C57BL/6 background. Dio3-/- mice exhibited severe growth retardation during the neonatal period and cartilage loss. Mice surviving after birth manifested brain and cranial dysmorphisms, severe hydrocephalus, choanal atresia, and cleft palate. These abnormalities were noticeable in C57BL/6J Dio3-/- mice at fetal stages, in addition to a thyrotoxic heart with septal defects and thin ventricular walls. Our findings stress the protecting role of DIO3 during development and support the hypothesis that human congenital abnormalities associated with hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are caused by transient thyrotoxicosis before clinical intervention. Our results also suggest thyroid hormone involvement in the etiology of idiopathic pathologies including cleft palate, choanal atresia, Chiari malformations, Kaschin-Beck disease, and Temple and other cranio-encephalic and heart syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elena Martinez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Ilka Pinz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilena Preda
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Christine R. Norton
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Thomas Gridley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arturo Hernandez
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oelkrug R, Mittag J. Too Much Too Soon-Tissue-specific Inactivation of Deiodinase Type 3 Prematurely Exposes Brown Fat to Thyroid Hormone. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6549652. [PMID: 35294005 PMCID: PMC8988867 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,Germany
- Correspondence: Jens Mittag, PhD, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Institut für Endokrinologie & Diabetes, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Dong J, Peng T, Li MQ, Xie F, Wu JN. Association between Maternal Thyroxine and Risk of Fetal Congenital Heart Defects: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:3859388. [PMID: 35311035 PMCID: PMC8933103 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3859388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the association between maternal thyroxine concentration and the risk of fetal congenital heart defects (CHDs) is absent. We aimed to study the association of maternal free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4) concentrations and the free-to-total thyroxine proportion (FTT4P, %) with the risk of CHD. METHODS The study was a hospital-based cohort study of 52,047 women who received a universal thyroid function test between 2012 and 2016. CHD was screened by ultrasound between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation or diagnosed until the 42nd day of birth. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of fetal CHD were estimated for maternal FT4 and TT4 concentrations or the FTT4P by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 41,647 women with singleton pregnancies were included for the analysis and 215 CHD cases were detected. The FT4 concentration was significantly associated with a higher risk of CHDs (OR, 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01 to 1.07). Each 1% higher FTT4P was related to a 1.41-fold (95% CI: 0.27 to 3.59) higher risk of CHDs. The association became stronger for women with a thyroid function test performed between 12 and 18 weeks of gestation (OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.09) for the FT4 concentration and 3.32 (95% CI: 1.43 to 7.73) for the FTT4P). CONCLUSIONS A higher FT4 concentration or FTT4P, measured between 12 and 18 weeks of gestation, was associated with an increased risk of CHDs. These findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms of CHDs and evidence for clinical decisions related to thyroid function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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