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Argotte-Ramos R, Cime-Castillo J, Vargas V, Lanz-Mendoza H, Rodriguez MH, Rodriguez MC. Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) as a tool to detect NS1 of dengue virus serotype 2 in female Aedes aegypti eggs for the surveillance of dengue fever transmission. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29329. [PMID: 38681627 PMCID: PMC11053180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a significant disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. The disease is caused by four virus (DENV) serotypes and is transmitted to humans by female Aedes aegypti mosquito bites infected with the virus and vertically to their progeny. Current strategies to control dengue transmission focus on the vector. In this study, we describe an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), using a monoclonal antibody against the non-structural dengue virus protein 1 (NS1), to detect DENV2 in Ae. aegypti eggs. The assay detects NS1 in eggs homogenates with 87.5% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity and it is proposed as a tool for the routine entomovirological surveillance of DENV 2 in field mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Argotte-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cime-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Valeria Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mario H. Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Maria Carmen Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Diouf B, Gaye A, Dieng I, Diagne CT, Ndiaye EH, Mhamadi M, Gueye A, Ndiaye O, Sene NM, Sy FA, Faye O, Dia I, Weaver SC, Diallo M, Diallo D. Dengue 1 outbreak in Rosso, northern Senegal, October 2021: entomologic investigations. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:222-232. [PMID: 37703355 PMCID: PMC10784780 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Senegal has experienced periodic epidemics of dengue in urban areas with increased incidence in recent years. However, few data are available on the local ecology of the epidemic vectors. In October 2021, a dengue outbreak was reported in northern Senegal to the Institute Pasteur de Dakar. Entomologic investigations then were undertaken to identify the areas at risk of transmission and to identify the vector(s). Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors at selected households, while containers with water were inspected for mosquito larvae. All the Aedes aegypti (L.) collected were tested for dengue virus NS1 protein using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and positive samples were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The qRT-PCR positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. The majority of the larvae-positive containers (83.1%) were used for water storage. The Breteau and Container indices exceeded the WHO-recommended thresholds for the risk of dengue virus transmission except at 2 localities. Ae. aegypti, the only reputed dengue vector, was collected resting indoors as well as outdoors and biting during the day and night. The NS1 protein was detected in 22 mosquito pools, including one pool of females emerging from field-collected larvae. All NS1-positive results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Virus serotyping showed that the outbreak was caused by DENV-1. This study demonstrates the need for continuous control of adult and aquatic stages of Ae. aegypti to prevent future dengue epidemics in Senegal. RDTs appear to be a promising tool for dengue diagnostics and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babacar Diouf
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Alioune Gaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Idrissa Dieng
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Tidiane Diagne
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
- DIATROPIX, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
| | - El Hadj Ndiaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Moufid Mhamadi
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Assiyatou Gueye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Oumar Ndiaye
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
- DIATROPIX, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
| | - Ndeye Marie Sene
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Faty Amadou Sy
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Pôle de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
| | - Diawo Diallo
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal
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Farokhinejad F, Li J, Hugo LE, Howard CB, Wuethrich A, Trau M. Detection of Dengue Virus 2 with Single Infected Mosquito Resolution Using Yeast Affinity Bionanofragments and Plasmonic SERS Nanoboxes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14177-14184. [PMID: 36194728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue disease is an emerging global threat triggered by dengue virus (DENV) transmission, primarily by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. The accurate surveillance and sensitive detection of DENV in mosquito populations are critical for the protection of human populations worldwide that are in the habitat of these mosquito species. There are four DENV serotypes with DENV2 reported to cause the most severe complications. There are limited ultrasensitive methods to early detect DENV2 mosquito infection and prevent human infection. Herein, we report an innovative nanobased immunoassay platform for early, specific, and ultrasensitive detection of DENV2-secreted nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein biomarker in single infected mosquitoes with the limit of detection of 500 fg of recombinant DENV2 NS1. The high sensitivity and DENV2 serotype specificity of the platform are the result of using nanomixing, plasmonic SERS nanoboxes, and yeast affinity bionanofragments displaying single-chain variable fragments (nanoyeast scFvs). Nanoyeast scFvs used for high affinity capture of DENV2 NS1 provided an innovative and cost-efficient alternative to monoclonal antibodies and differentiated DENV2 NS1 from other DENV serotypes and Zika virus NS1. The platform used electrohydrodynamically driven nanomixing to enhance NS1 capture by the nanoyeast scFvs while reducing nonspecific interactions. High sensitivity detection of captured DENV2 NS1 was achieved using NS1-specific surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags. These nanotechnologies provide a significant innovation for early DENV2 detection in single infected mosquitoes, improving the accurate surveillance of mosquito habitats and preventing infection and severe disease arising from DENV2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Farokhinejad
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Junrong Li
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Gaber M, Ahmad AA, El-Kady AM, Tolba M, Suzuki Y, Mohammed SM, Elossily NA. Dengue fever as a reemerging disease in upper Egypt: Diagnosis, vector surveillance and genetic diversity using RT-LAMP assay. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265760. [PMID: 35499983 PMCID: PMC9060354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The recent increase in dengue virus (DENV) outbreaks and the absence of an effective vaccine have highlighted the importance of developing rapid and effective diagnostic surveillance tests and mosquito-based screening programs. To establish effective control measures for preventing future DENV transmission, the present study was established to identify the main mosquito vector involved in the dengue fever (DF) outbreak in Upper Egypt in 2016 and detect the diversity of dengue virus serotypes circulating in both humans and vectors.
Methods
We investigated the prevalence of DENV infection and circulating serotypes in the sera of 51 humans clinically suspected of DF and 1800 field-collected Aedes aegypti adult female mosquitoes grouped into 36 pooled samples. Both DENV non-structural protein (NS1) immunochromatographic strip assay and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were used for screening.
Results
Overall, the rate of DENV infection in both human sera and pooled mosquito homogenate was 33.3%, as revealed by rapid dipstick immunochromatographic analysis. However, higher detection rates were observed with RT-LAMP assay of 60.8% and 44.4% for humans and vector mosquitoes, respectively. DENV-1 was the most prevalent serotype in both populations. A combination of two, three, or even four circulating serotypes was found in 87.5% of total positive pooled mosquito samples and 83.87% of DENV-positive human sera.
Conclusion
The study reinforces the evidence of the reemergence of Aedes aegypti in Upper Egypt, inducing an outbreak of DENV. Mosquito-based surveillance of DENV infection is important to elucidate the viral activity rate and define serotype diversity to understand the virus dynamics in the reinfested area. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report of serotyping of DENV infection in an outbreak in Egypt using RT-LAMP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gaber
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M. El-Kady
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Tolba
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shereen M. Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahed Ahmed Elossily
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rodriguez MC, Cime-Castillo J, Argotte-Ramos R, Vargas V, Correa-Morales F, Sánchez-Tejeda G, Lanz-Mendoza H. Detection of NS1 protein from dengue virus in excreta and homogenates of wild-caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using monoclonal antibodies. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6502351. [PMID: 35020898 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. Development of methods for DENV detection in mosquitoes to assess prevalence as a preliminary screen for entomological surveillance in endemic regions of DENV will certainly contribute to the control of the disease. Production of a monoclonal antibody against the NS1 viral protein was generated using recombinant NS1 protein and used to detect and analyze DENV in both excreta and total homogenates from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Results demonstrated expression of NS1 in excreta of DENV laboratory infected mosquitoes and homogenates from field mosquitoes infected with DENV. The immunodetection method reported here represents a first-line strategy for assessing the prevalence of DENV in mosquitoes, for entomological surveillance in endemic regions of dengue. Detection of DENV prevalence in field mosquitoes could have an impact on vector surveillance measures to interrupt dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cime-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rocío Argotte-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Valeria Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Dirección del Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector; Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades; Secretaría de Salud México. Benjamin Franklin 132. C.P. 11800. Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Gustavo Sánchez-Tejeda
- Dirección del Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector; Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades; Secretaría de Salud México. Benjamin Franklin 132. C.P. 11800. Ciudad de México. Mexico
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Av. Universidad 655, C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Ahmed M, Pollak NM, Hugo LE, van den Hurk AF, Hobson-Peters J, Macdonald J. Rapid molecular assays for the detection of the four dengue viruses in infected mosquitoes. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:81. [PMID: 36636741 PMCID: PMC9816563 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13534.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pantropic emergence of severe dengue disease can partly be attributed to the co-circulation of different dengue viruses (DENVs) in the same geographical location. Effective monitoring for circulation of each of the four DENVs is critical to inform disease mitigation strategies. In low resource settings, this can be effectively achieved by utilizing inexpensive, rapid, sensitive and specific assays to detect viruses in mosquito populations. In this study, we developed four rapid DENV tests with direct applicability for low-resource virus surveillance in mosquitoes. The test protocols utilize a novel sample preparation step, a single-temperature isothermal amplification, and a simple lateral flow detection. Analytical sensitivity testing demonstrated tests could detect down to 1,000 copies/µL of virus-specific DENV RNA, and analytical specificity testing indicated tests were highly specific for their respective virus, and did not detect closely related flaviviruses. All four DENV tests showed excellent diagnostic specificity and sensitivity when used for detection of both individually infected mosquitoes and infected mosquitoes in pools of uninfected mosquitoes. With individually infected mosquitoes, the rapid DENV-1, -2 and -3 tests showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity (95% CI = 69% to 100%, n=8 for DENV-1; n=10 for DENV 2,3) and the DENV-4 test showed 92% diagnostic sensitivity (CI: 62% to 100%, n=12) along with 100% diagnostic specificity (CI: 48-100%) for all four tests. Testing infected mosquito pools, the rapid DENV-2, -3 and -4 tests showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity (95% CI = 69% to 100%, n=10) and the DENV-1 test showed 90% diagnostic sensitivity (55.50% to 99.75%, n=10) together with 100% diagnostic specificity (CI: 48-100%). Our tests reduce the operational time required to perform mosquito infection status surveillance testing from > two hours to only 35 minutes, and have potential to improve accessibility of mosquito screening, improving monitoring and control strategies in low-income countries most affected by dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Ahmed
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Nina M Pollak
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,DMTC Limited, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,DMTC Limited, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
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Ahmed M, Pollak NM, Hugo LE, van den Hurk AF, Hobson-Peters J, Macdonald J. Rapid molecular assays for the detection of the four dengue viruses in infected mosquitoes. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:81. [PMID: 36636741 PMCID: PMC9816563 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13534.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The pantropic emergence of severe dengue disease can partly be attributed to the co-circulation of different dengue viruses (DENVs) in the same geographical location. Effective monitoring for circulation of each of the four DENVs is critical to inform disease mitigation strategies. In low resource settings, this can be effectively achieved by utilizing inexpensive, rapid, sensitive and specific assays to detect viruses in mosquito populations. In this study, we developed four rapid DENV tests with direct applicability for low-resource virus surveillance in mosquitoes. The test protocols utilize a novel sample preparation step, a single-temperature isothermal amplification, and a simple lateral flow detection. Analytical sensitivity testing demonstrated tests could detect down to 1,000 copies/µL of virus-specific DENV RNA, and analytical specificity testing indicated tests were highly specific for their respective virus, and did not detect closely related flaviviruses. All four DENV tests showed excellent diagnostic specificity and sensitivity when used for detection of both individually infected mosquitoes and infected mosquitoes in pools of uninfected mosquitoes. With individually infected mosquitoes, the rapid DENV-1, -2 and -3 tests showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity (95% CI = 69% to 100%, n=8 for DENV-1; n=10 for DENV 2,3) and the DENV-4 test showed 92% diagnostic sensitivity (CI: 62% to 100%, n=12) along with 100% diagnostic specificity (CI: 48-100%) for all four tests. Testing infected mosquito pools, the rapid DENV-2, -3 and -4 tests showed 100% diagnostic sensitivity (95% CI = 69% to 100%, n=10) and the DENV-1 test showed 90% diagnostic sensitivity (55.50% to 99.75%, n=10) together with 100% diagnostic specificity (CI: 48-100%). Our tests reduce the operational time required to perform mosquito infection status surveillance testing from > two hours to only 35 minutes, and have potential to improve accessibility of mosquito screening, improving monitoring and control strategies in low-income countries most affected by dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Ahmed
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Nina M Pollak
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,DMTC Limited, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia.,DMTC Limited, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
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8
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Abraham PR, R B, N PK, Kumar A. Dengue NS1 antigen kit shows high sensitivity for detection of recombinant dengue virus-2 NS1 antigen spiked with Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23699. [PMID: 34880307 PMCID: PMC8655051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV) is a significant vector-borne disease. In absence of a specific treatment and vaccine, dengue is becoming a rising threat to public health. Currently, control of dengue mainly focuses on the surveillance of the mosquito vectors. Improved surveillance methods for DENV in mosquito populations would be highly beneficial to the public health. However, current methods of DENV detection in mosquitoes requires specialized equipment and expensive reagents and highly trained personnel. As an alternative, commercially available dengue NS1 antigen ELISA kits could be used for detection of DENV infection in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In this study, we explored the utility of commercially available Dengue NS1 antigen kit (J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. Ltd) for the detection of recombinant dengue virus-2 (rDENV-2) NS1 protein and serum of dengue infected patient spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools. The kit was found to be highly sensitive and specific towards detection of all serotypes of DENV. Further, it could detect as low as 750 femto gram rDENV-2 NS1 protein. It was also observed that rDENV-2 NS1 antigen spiked with blood-fed and unfed mosquito pools could be detected. In addition, the kit also detected dengue infected patient serum spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools. Overall, the Dengue NS1 antigen kit displayed high sensitivity towards detection of recombinant as well as serum NS1 protein spiked with Ae. aegypti mosquito pools and could be considered for the dengue virus surveillance after a field evaluation in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Raj Abraham
- Unit of Omics, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, 605006, India. .,Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Bharathy R
- Unit of Omics, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar N
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre Field Station, Kottayam, 686002, Kerala, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
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9
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Burkhalter KL, Savage HM. Laboratory Evaluation of the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform Assay to Detect Dengue Virus in Mosquito Pools. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2021; 37:152-156. [PMID: 34407167 DOI: 10.2987/21-7013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of a laboratory sensitivity and specificity evaluation of the Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP®) Dengue Virus (DENV) antigen detection assay, which is designed to detect all serotypes of DENV in mosquito pools. The RAMP DENV assay was able to detect geographically distinct strains of all 4 DENV serotypes in virus-spiked mosquito pools that contained at least 4.3 log10 plaque forming units/ml, although discrete sensitivity limits varied slightly for each serotype. The RAMP DENV assay also detected DENV 1-4 in mosquito pools containing a single infected mosquito and 24 laboratory-reared uninfected mosquitoes. No false positives were detected in negative control mosquito pools or in samples containing high titers of nontarget arboviruses. We found that while the kit-supplied RAMP buffer reduced the infectious titer of DENV, it did not completely inactivate all serotypes. We recommend adding a detergent, Triton X-100, to the buffer to ensure complete inactivation of DENV if the assay is to be conducted at a lower biosafety level than required for DENV handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Burkhalter
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Harry M Savage
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521
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Hapuarachchi HC, Wong WY, Koo C, Tien WP, Yeo G, Rajarethinam J, Tan E, Chiang S, Chong CS, Tan CH, Tan LK, Ng LC. Transient transmission of Chikungunya virus in Singapore exemplifies successful mitigation of severe epidemics in a vulnerable population. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:417-425. [PMID: 34380087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Singapore experienced two major outbreaks of chikungunya in 2008-09 and 2013-14. Despite repeated virus introductions, fresh local outbreaks have not emerged after 2014. The present study reviews the success of chikungunya control in Singapore, despite repeated introduction of virus strains, presence of competent vectors and an immunologically naïve population. METHODS Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) sequences (421 envelope 1 genes and 56 polyproteins) were analysed to distinguish the indigenous virus groups from 2008 to 2020. Vector surveillance data was used to incriminate the vector/s associated with local outbreaks. The population exposure to CHIKV was determined by assessing the seroprevalence status in three cohorts of sera collected in 2009 (n=2,008), 2013 (n=2,000) and 2017 (n=3,615). RESULTS Four distinct groups of CHIKV of East, Central and South African genotype have mainly circulated since 2008, transmitted primarily by Aedes albopictus. The age weighted CHIKV IgG prevalence rates were low (1-5%) and showed a non-significant increase from 2009 to 2013, but a significant decrease in 2017. In contrast, the prevalence of CHIKV neutralising antibodies in the population increased significantly from 2009 to 2013, with no significant change in 2017, but the levels remained below 2%. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggested that surveillance and vector control strategies implemented were robust to avert severe epidemics, despite repeated introduction of virus strains, presence of competent vectors and an immunologically naïve population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Carmen Koo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Wei-Ping Tien
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Gladys Yeo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Jayanthi Rajarethinam
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Eugene Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Suzanna Chiang
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Cheong-Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Li-Kiang Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Evolution, heterogeneity and global dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype of Dengue virus type 2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13496. [PMID: 34188091 PMCID: PMC8241877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) contributes substantially to the dengue burden and dengue-related mortality in the tropics and sub-tropics. DENV-2 includes six genotypes, among which cosmopolitan genotype is the most widespread. The present study investigated the evolution, intra-genotype heterogeneity and dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype to understand unique genetic characteristics that have shaped the molecular epidemiology and distribution of cosmopolitan lineages. The spatial analysis demonstrated a wide geo-distribution of cosmopolitan genotype through an extensive inter-continental network, anchored in Southeast Asia and Indian sub-continent. Intra-genotype analyses using 3367 envelope gene sequences revealed six distinct lineages within the cosmopolitan genotype, namely the Indian sub-continent lineage and five other lineages. Indian sub-continent lineage was the most diverged among six lineages and has almost reached the nucleotide divergence threshold of 6% within E gene to qualify as a separate genotype. Genome wide amino acid signatures and selection pressure analyses further suggested differences in evolutionary characteristics between the Indian sub-continent lineage and other lineages. The present study narrates a comprehensive genomic analysis of cosmopolitan genotype and presents notable genetic characteristics that occurred during its evolution and global expansion. Whether those characteristics conferred a fitness advantage to cosmopolitan genotype in different geographies warrant further investigations.
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Liew JWK, Selvarajoo S, Phang WK, Mah Hassan M, Redzuan MS, Selva Kumar S, de Silva JR, Lau YL, Vythilingam I. Improved Aedes/dengue field surveillance using Gravid Oviposition Sticky trap and dengue NS1 tests: Epidemiological, entomological outcomes and community acceptance. Acta Trop 2021; 216:105829. [PMID: 33465350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and outcomes of using Gravid Oviposition Sticky (GOS) trap and dengue NS1 antigen tests for indoor and outdoor dengue/Aedes surveillance in the field. A one-year community-based study was carried out at Sungai Buloh Hospital Quarters, Selangor, Malaysia. GOS traps were first placed outdoors in three apartment blocks (Anggerik, Bunga Raya and Mawar). Beginning 29th week of the study, indoor traps were set in two apartment units on every floor in Anggerik. All female Aedes mosquitoes caught were tested for the presence of dengue NS1 antigen. Dengue seroprevalence and knowledge, attitude and practices on dengue prevention of the community and their reception to the surveillance approach were also assessed. Dengue-positive mosquitoes were detected at least 1 week before a dengue onset. More mosquitoes were caught indoors than outdoors in block Anggerik, but the total number of mosquitoes caught in all 3 blocks were similar. There was a significant difference in distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus between the 3 blocks. 66.1% and 3.4% of the community were positive for dengue IgG and IgM, respectively. Most respondents think that this surveillance method is Good (89%) and support its use nationwide. Dengue case ratio in the study apartment blocks decreased from year 2018 to 2019. This study demonstrated the practicality of performing proactive dengue/Aedes surveillance inside apartment units using the GOS traps. This surveillance method can be performed with immediate result output in the field.
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Fustec B, Phanitchat T, Hoq MI, Aromseree S, Pientong C, Thaewnongiew K, Ekalaksananan T, Bangs MJ, Corbel V, Alexander N, Overgaard HJ. Complex relationships between Aedes vectors, socio-economics and dengue transmission-Lessons learned from a case-control study in northeastern Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008703. [PMID: 33001972 PMCID: PMC7553337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dengue fever is an important public health concern in most tropical and subtropical countries, and its prevention and control rest on vector surveillance and control. However, many aspects of dengue epidemiology remain unclear; in particular, the relationship between Aedes vector abundance and dengue transmission risk. This study aims to identify entomological and immunological indices capable of discriminating between dengue case and control (non-case) houses, based on the assessment of candidate indices, as well as individual and household characteristics, as potential risk factors for acquiring dengue infection. METHODS This prospective, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in northeastern Thailand between June 2016 and August 2019. Immature and adult stage Aedes were collected at the houses of case and control patients, recruited from district hospitals, and at patients' neighboring houses. Blood samples were tested by RDT and PCR to detect dengue cases, and were processed with the Nterm-34 kDa salivary peptide to measure the human immune response to Aedes bites. Socioeconomic status, and other individual and household characteristics were analyzed as potential risk factors for dengue. RESULTS Study findings showed complex relationships between entomological indices and dengue risk. The presence of DENV-infected Aedes at the patient house was associated with 4.2-fold higher odds of dengue. On the other hand, Aedes presence (irrespective of infectious status) in the patient's house was negatively associated with dengue. In addition, the human immune response to Aedes bites, was higher in control than in case patients and Aedes adult abundance and immature indices were higher in control than in case houses at the household and the neighboring level. Multivariable analysis showed that children aged 10-14 years old and those aged 15-25 years old had respectively 4.5-fold and 2.9-fold higher odds of dengue infection than those older than 25 years. CONCLUSION DENV infection in female Aedes at the house level was positively associated with dengue infection, while adult Aedes presence in the household was negatively associated. This study highlights the potential benefit of monitoring dengue viruses in Aedes vectors. Our findings suggest that monitoring the presence of DENV-infected Aedes mosquitoes could be a better indicator of dengue risk than the traditional immature entomological indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Fustec
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Thipruethai Phanitchat
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Injamul Hoq
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Social Medicine at the Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sirinart Aromseree
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Mimika, Papua, Indonesia
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Corbel
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Montpellier, France
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Cheng L, Liu WL, Li HH, Su MP, Wu SC, Chen HW, Pan CY, Tsai JJ, Chen CH. Releasing Intracellular NS1 from Mosquito Cells for the Detection of Dengue Virus-Infected Mosquitoes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101105. [PMID: 33003584 PMCID: PMC7599882 DOI: 10.3390/v12101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), the pathogen that causes dengue fever, is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Surveillance of infected mosquitoes is a major component of integrated mosquito control methods for reducing the risk of vector-born disease outbreaks. However, a specialized rapid test for DENV detection in mosquitoes is not currently available. Utilizing immunoblotting, we found that the secretion of NS1 from both a DENV-infected mosquito cell line and mosquito bodies was below the detection threshold. However, when Triton X-100 was used to lyse infected mosquitoes, intracellular NS1 was released, and could then be effectively detected by the NS1 rapid test. The distribution of DENV NS1 in intrathoracically infected mosquitoes was different from that of orally infected mosquitoes. Next, we performed sensitivity tests by bisecting mosquitoes longitudinally; one half of each mosquito was subjected to the NS1 rapid test while the other half was used for qPCR confirmation. This modified test had a sensitivity of nearly 90% from five days post-infection onwards, while DENV had escaped from the midgut barrier. This adapted test offers a valuable, easy-to-use tool for mosquito surveillance, which is a crucial component of DENV disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (L.C.); (H.-H.L.); (H.-W.C.)
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Liu
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Hsing-Han Li
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (L.C.); (H.-H.L.); (H.-W.C.)
- Institution of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- Department of Biological Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Shih-Cheng Wu
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-C.W.)
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (L.C.); (H.-H.L.); (H.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 110001, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Pan
- Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung 800852, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-J.T.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (L.C.); (H.-H.L.); (H.-W.C.)
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan; (W.-L.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.-J.T.); (C.-H.C.)
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Flavivirus Cross-Reactivity to Dengue Nonstructural Protein 1 Antigen Detection Assays. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 10:diagnostics10010011. [PMID: 31878299 PMCID: PMC7167843 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are flaviviruses of public health relevance. Both viruses circulate in the same endemic settings and acute infections generally manifest similar symptoms. This highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis for clinical management and outbreak control. One of the commonly used acute diagnostic markers for flaviviruses is nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). However, false positives due to antigenic cross-reactivity have been reported between DENV and ZIKV infections when using DENV NS1 antigen (NS1 Ag) detection assays in acute cases. Therefore, we investigated the lowest detectable virus titres and cross-reactivity of three commercial dengue NS1 Ag rapid assays and two ELISAs for different flaviviruses. Our results showed that substantially high viral titres of ZIKV, Kunjin virus (KUNV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are required to give false-positive results when using DENV NS1 rapid detection assays. Commercial DENV NS1 ELISAs did not react with ZIKV and YFV. In comparison, tested assays detected DENV at a significantly low virus titre. Given the relatively low viral loads reported in clinical samples, our findings suggest that commercially available dengue NS1 Ag detection assays are less likely to generate false-positive results among clinical samples in areas where multiple flaviviruses cocirculate.
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16
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Rapid discriminative detection of dengue viruses via loop mediated isothermal amplification. Talanta 2018; 190:391-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Secretion of Nonstructural Protein 1 of Dengue Virus from Infected Mosquito Cells: Facts and Speculations. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00275-18. [PMID: 29720514 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00275-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional glycoprotein. For decades, the notion in the field was that NS1 is secreted exclusively from vertebrate cells and not from mosquito cells. However, recent evidence shows that mosquito cells also secrete NS1 efficiently. In this review, we discuss the evidence for secretion of NS1 of dengue virus, and of other flaviviruses, from mosquito cells, differences between NS1 secreted from mosquito and NS1 secreted from vertebrate cells, and possible roles of soluble NS1 in the insect flavivirus vector.
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18
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Eiras AE, Pires SF, Staunton KM, Paixão KS, Resende MC, Silva HA, Rocha IG, Oliveira BA, Peres AM, Drumond BP, Ritchie SA. A high-risk Zika and dengue transmission hub: virus detections in mosquitoes at a Brazilian university campus. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:359. [PMID: 29929561 PMCID: PMC6014031 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses prevalent throughout tropical regions. Currently, management of ZIKV and DENV centers on control of the primary vector Aedes aegypti. This vector is highly anthropophilic and is therefore prevalent throughout densely urbanised landscapes. A new passive trap for gravid Ae. aegypti (Gravid Aedes Trap - GAT) was developed for mosquito surveillance. Here the different killing agents and the level of transmission of arboviruses that may occur in mosquitoes sampled by GATs are assessed for the first time. METHODS Gravid Aedes traps (GATs) were deployed at the Federal University of Minas Gerais campus, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil to sample Ae. aegypti. Three different killing agents were evaluated within the GATs: sticky cards, long-lasting insecticide-impregnated nets (LLINs) and canola oil. Traps were monitored weekly for 14 weeks then mosquito specimens were identified to the species level and Ae. aegypti catches were pooled and submitted to qRT-PCR assays for to DENV and ZIKV virus detection, followed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the ZIKV. Additionally, comparisons of means were performed on transformed weekly catch data (P = 0.05, t-tests) with the stats package of the R statistical software. RESULTS In total, 1506 female Ae. aegypti were captured using GATs, with traps using sticky cards catching more mosquito than those using either LLINs or canola oil. Both ZIKV and DENV were detected in Ae. aegypti females captured over several weeks suggesting that this highly populated university campus may have served as a significant transmission hub. The infection rate for ZIKV was present in seven (8.5%) pools from four weeks while DENV was detected in four (4.9%) pools from four weeks. Phylogenetic analysis of ZIKV classified the strain as Asian genotype. CONCLUSIONS The Federal University of Minas Gerais and similar organizations must strongly consider monitoring Ae. aegypti populations and reinforcing personal protection of staff and students during seasons of high mosquito activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro E. Eiras
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Simone F. Pires
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Kyran M. Staunton
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Kelly S. Paixão
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Hilcielly A. Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Isadora G. Rocha
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Bruna A. Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Anderson M. Peres
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Betânia P. Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratório de Vírus, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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Ramírez AL, van den Hurk AF, Meyer DB, Ritchie SA. Searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack: advances in mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:320. [PMID: 29843778 PMCID: PMC5975710 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses. Detection of elevated or emergent virus activity serves as a warning system to implement appropriate actions to reduce outbreaks. Traditionally, surveillance of arboviruses has relied on the detection of specific antibodies in sentinel animals and/or detection of viruses in pools of mosquitoes collected using a variety of sampling methods. These methods, although immensely useful, have limitations, including the need for a cold chain for sample transport, cross-reactivity between related viruses in serological assays, the requirement for specialized equipment or infrastructure, and overall expense. Advances have recently been made on developing new strategies for arbovirus surveillance. These strategies include sugar-based surveillance, whereby mosquitoes are collected in purpose-built traps and allowed to expectorate on nucleic acid preservation cards which are submitted for virus detection. New diagnostic approaches, such as next-generation sequencing, have the potential to expand the genetic information obtained from samples and aid in virus discovery. Here, we review the advancement of arbovirus surveillance systems over the past decade. Some of the novel approaches presented here have already been validated and are currently being integrated into surveillance programs. Other strategies are still at the experimental stage, and their feasibility in the field is yet to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Ramírez
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, QLD, 4108, Australia
| | - Dagmar B Meyer
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.,Astralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.,Astralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
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Wasik D, Mulchandani A, Yates MV. Point-of-Use Nanobiosensor for Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in AdultAedes aegypti: A Potential Tool for Improved Dengue Surveillance. Anal Chem 2017; 90:679-684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wasik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Marylynn V. Yates
- Department of Environmental Sciences, ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and §Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Outbreak of Zika virus infection in Singapore: an epidemiological, entomological, virological, and clinical analysis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:813-821. [PMID: 28527892 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An outbreak of Zika virus infection was detected in Singapore in August, 2016. We report the first comprehensive analysis of a national response to an outbreak of Zika virus infection in Asia. METHODS In the first phase of the outbreak, patients with suspected Zika virus infection were isolated in two national referral hospitals until their serum tested negative for the virus. Enhanced vector control and community engagement measures were deployed in disease clusters, including stepped-up mosquito larvicide and adulticide use, community participation in source reduction (destruction of mosquito breeding sites), and work with the local media to promote awareness of the outbreak. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from patients with confirmed Zika virus infection during the first phase. In the second phase, admission into hospitals for isolation was stopped but vector control efforts continued. Mosquitoes were captured from areas with Zika disease clusters to assess which species were present, their breeding numbers, and to test for Zika virus. Mosquito virus strains were compared with human strains through phylogenetic analysis after full genome sequencing. Reproductive numbers and inferred dates of strain diversification were estimated through Bayesian analyses. FINDINGS From Aug 27 to Nov 30, 2016, 455 cases of Zika virus infection were confirmed in Singapore. Of 163 patients with confirmed Zika virus infection who presented to national referral hospitals during the first phase of the outbreak, Zika virus was detected in the blood samples of 97 (60%) patients and the urine samples of 157 (96%) patients. There were 15 disease clusters, 12 of which had high Aedes aegypti breeding percentages. Captured mosquitoes were pooled into 517 pools for Zika virus screening; nine abdomen pools (2%) were positive for Zika virus, of which seven head and thorax pools were Zika-virus positive. In the phylogenetic analysis, all mosquito sequences clustered within the outbreak lineage. The lineage showed little diversity and was distinct from other Asian lineages. The estimated most recent common ancestor of the outbreak lineage was from May, 2016. With the deployment of vector control and community engagement measures, the estimated reproductive number fell from 3·62 (95% CI 3·48-3·77) for July 31 to Sept 1, 2016, to 1·22 (95% CI 1·19-1·24) 4 weeks later (Sept 1 to Nov 24, 2016). INTERPRETATION The outbreak shows the ease with which Zika virus can be introduced and spread despite good baseline vector control. Disease surveillance, enhanced vector control, and community awareness and engagement helped to quickly curb further spread of the virus. These intensive measures might be useful for other countries facing the same threat. FUNDING National Medical Research Council Singapore, Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, and A*STAR Biomedical Research Council.
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A new paradigm for Aedes spp. surveillance using gravid ovipositing sticky trap and NS1 antigen test kit. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:151. [PMID: 28327173 PMCID: PMC5361725 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue remains a serious public health problem in Southeast Asia and has increased 37-fold in Malaysia compared to decades ago. New strategies are urgently needed for early detection and control of dengue epidemics. Methods We conducted a two year study in a high human density dengue-endemic urban area in Selangor, where Gravid Ovipositing Sticky (GOS) traps were set up to capture adult Aedes spp. mosquitoes. All Aedes mosquitoes were tested using the NS1 dengue antigen test kit. All dengue cases from the study site notified to the State Health Department were recorded. Weekly microclimatic temperature, relative humidity (RH) and rainfall were monitored. Results Aedes aegypti was the predominant mosquito (95.6%) caught in GOS traps and 23% (43/187 pools of 5 mosquitoes each) were found to be positive for dengue using the NS1 antigen kit. Confirmed cases of dengue were observed with a lag of one week after positive Ae. aegypti were detected. Aedes aegypti density as analysed by distributed lag non-linear models, will increase lag of 2–3 weeks for temperature increase from 28 to 30 °C; and lag of three weeks for increased rainfall. Conclusion Proactive strategy is needed for dengue vector surveillance programme. One method would be to use the GOS trap which is simple to setup, cost effective (below USD 1 per trap) and environmental friendly (i.e. use recyclable plastic materials) to capture Ae. aegypti followed by a rapid method of detecting of dengue virus using the NS1 dengue antigen kit. Control measures should be initiated when positive mosquitoes are detected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2091-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kathiresan E, Paramasivan R, Thenmozhi V, Das A, Dhananjeyan KJ, Sankar SG, Jerald Leo SV, Rathnapraba S, Vennison SJ. Development and multi-use applications of dengue NS1 monoclonal antibody for early diagnosis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Swift and early diagnosis of dengue is important for case management and epidemiological purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kathiresan
- Department of Biotechnology
- Anna University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - R. Paramasivan
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - V. Thenmozhi
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - Aparup Das
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - K. J. Dhananjeyan
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - S. Gowri Sankar
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - S. Victor Jerald Leo
- Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (CRME)
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Madurai 625 002
- India
| | - S. Rathnapraba
- Department of Animal Biotechnology
- Madras Veterinary College
- Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
- Chennai
- India
| | - S. John Vennison
- Department of Biotechnology
- Anna University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
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Vythilingam I, Sam JIC, Chan YF, Khaw LT, Sulaiman WYW. New Paradigms for Virus Detection, Surveillance and Control of Zika Virus Vectors in the Settings of Southeast Asia. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1452. [PMID: 27679623 PMCID: PMC5020090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has now become a global public health concern. The vectors for ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Both these mosquitoes are predominant in Southeast Asia and are also responsible for the spread of other arboviral diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya virus. The incidence of dengue has been increasing over the years and this is of concern to public health workers. Simple laboratory tools for the detection of ZIKV is also lacking. In the absence of drugs and vaccine for these arboviral diseases, vector control is the main option for surveillance and control. Aedes larval surveys have been the hallmark of dengue control along with larviciding and fogging when cases are reported. However, we need new paradigms and options for control of these vectors. The current situation in Southeast Asia clearly proves that effective strategies for vector control need to be proactive and not reactive. This will be the way forward to control epidemics of these diseases inclusive of ZIKV until a vaccine becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamal I-C Sam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke F Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Loke T Khaw
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Y Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hapuarachchi HC, Koo C, Rajarethinam J, Chong CS, Lin C, Yap G, Liu L, Lai YL, Ooi PL, Cutter J, Ng LC. Epidemic resurgence of dengue fever in Singapore in 2013-2014: A virological and entomological perspective. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:300. [PMID: 27316694 PMCID: PMC4912763 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue resurged in Singapore during 2013-14, causing an outbreak with unprecedented number of cases in the country. In the present study, we summarise the epidemiological, virological and entomological findings gathered through the dengue surveillance programme and highlight the drivers of the epidemic. We also describe how the surveillance system facilitated the preparedness to moderate epidemic transmission of dengue in the country. METHODS The case surveillance was based on a mandatory notification system that requires all medical practitioners to report clinically-suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases within 24 hours. The circulating Dengue virus (DENV) populations were monitored through an island wide virus surveillance programme aimed at determining the serotypes and genotypes of circulating virus strains. Entomological surveillance included adult Aedes surveillance as well as premise checks for larval breeding. RESULTS A switch in the dominant serotype from DENV-2 to DENV-1 in March 2013 signalled a potential spike in cases, and the alert was corroborated by an increase in average Aedes house index. The alert triggered preparedness and early response to moderate the impending outbreak. The two-year outbreak led to 22,170 cases in 2013 and 18,338 in 2014, corresponding to an incidence rate of 410.6 and 335.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. DENV-1 was the dominant serotype in 2013 (61.7 %, n = 5,071) and 2014 (79.2 %, n = 5,226), contributed largely by a newly-introduced DENV-1 genotype III strain. The percentage of houses with Ae. aegypti breeding increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2012 (annual average of 0.07 %) to 2013 (annual average of 0.14 %), followed by a drop in 2014 (annual average of 0.10 %). Aedes breeding data further showed a wide spread distribution of Ae. aegypti in the country that corresponded with the dengue case distribution pattern in 2013 and 2014. The adult Aedes data from 34 gravitrap sentinel sites revealed that approximately 1/3 of the monitored sites remained at high risk of DENV transmission in 2013. CONCLUSIONS The culmination of the latest epidemic is likely to be due to a number of demographic, social, virological, entomological, immunological, climatic and ecological factors that contribute to DENV transmission. A multi-pronged approach backed by the epidemiological, virological and entomological understanding paved way to moderate the case burden through an integrated vector management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Koo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Rajarethinam
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Chee-Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Cui Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine Building 16 College Road, Singapore, 169854, Singapore
| | - Grace Yap
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Lilac Liu
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Yee-Ling Lai
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore
| | - Peng Lim Ooi
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine Building, 16 College Road, Singapore, 169854, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Cutter
- Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine Building, 16 College Road, Singapore, 169854, Singapore
| | - Lee-Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore, 138667, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Barbosa PP, Guedes DRD, Melo-Santos MAV, Cordeiro MT, Acioli RV, Batista CAV, Gonçalves LSM, Souza MFM, Araújo YV, Magalhães FJR, Regis L, Ayres CFJ. Vector Surveillance for Dengue Virus Detection in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:613-619. [PMID: 27067800 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) has become an efficient vector of important arboviruses due to its anthropophilic and domiciliary behaviors. Since the 1980s, dengue affects thousands of people every year in Brazil; in Fernando de Noronha (FN), a touristic archipelago, dengue cases have occurred since 2001. Once Ae. aegypti populations are well established in the inhabited areas of FN, the threat of dengue or another arbovirus epidemic is continuously imminent. This study aimed to monitor the DENV serotypes in mosquito samples collected in FN, where at least one resident was clinically diagnosed as dengue patient. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 2011 and 2012. Mosquitoes were sorted by sex and location and were stored in pools. DENV detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag. RNA integrity was checked by RT-PCR using rpL8 primers, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) was calculated. In total, 339 pools were analyzed, and only one was positive (DENV-1) by Multiplex RT-PCR (MIR = 1.53). When considering only pools with RNA integrity, the MIR was 2.92. Using the Platelia kit, the MIR was 9.18 (considering all the pools) and 17.54 (only 140 pools with RNA integrity). Our results showed the importance of a constant entomological surveillance in that area, the need to improve storage and transportation protocols, and an endogenous control in the RT-PCR to avoid false-negative results. Finally, our study indicated that the NS1-Ag detection was the most sensitive method and should be used routinely for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes if the serotype identification is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Barbosa
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - D R D Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M A V Melo-Santos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - M T Cordeiro
- Departamento de Virologia, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental - LaViTE, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - R V Acioli
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - C A V Batista
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - L S M Gonçalves
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - M F M Souza
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - Y V Araújo
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - F J R Magalhães
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco em Fernando de Noronha (; ; ; ; ; ), and
| | - L Regis
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; )
| | - C F J Ayres
- Departamento de Entomologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ-PE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife PE, Brazil (; ; ; ; ),
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Lau SM, Vythilingam I, Doss JI, Sekaran SD, Chua TH, Wan Sulaiman WY, Chinna K, Lim YAL, Venugopalan B. Surveillance of adult Aedes mosquitoes in Selangor, Malaysia. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:1271-80. [PMID: 26094839 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of using sticky traps and the NS1 dengue antigen kit for the surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes for dengue control. METHODS Apartments were selected in a dengue-endemic area, and sticky traps were set to capture adult Aedes mosquitoes. NS1 dengue antigen kit was used to detect dengue antigen in mosquitoes, and positive mosquitoes were serotyped using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The sticky traps were effective in capturing Aedes aegypti, and a minimum of three traps per floor was sufficient. Multiple serotypes were found in individual mosquitoes. CONCLUSION The sticky trap and the NS1 dengue antigen test kit can be used as surveillance tool in dengue control programmes. This proactive method will be better suited for control programmes than current reactive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Ming Lau
- State Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Selangor State Health Department, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Inbaraj Doss
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tock H Chua
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Balan Venugopalan
- State Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Selangor State Health Department, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pal S, Dauner AL, Mitra I, Forshey BM, Garcia P, Morrison AC, Halsey ES, Kochel TJ, Wu SJL. Evaluation of dengue NS1 antigen rapid tests and ELISA kits using clinical samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113411. [PMID: 25412170 PMCID: PMC4239072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection can improve clinical outcomes by ensuring close follow-up, initiating appropriate supportive therapies and raising awareness to the potential of hemorrhage or shock. Non-structural glycoprotein-1 (NS1) has proven to be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of dengue. A number of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) targeting NS1 antigen (Ag) are now commercially available. Here we evaluated these tests using a well-characterized panel of clinical samples to determine their effectiveness for early diagnosis. Methodology/Principal Findings Retrospective samples from South America were used to evaluate the following tests: (i) “Dengue NS1 Ag STRIP” and (ii) “Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag ELISA” (Bio-Rad, France), (iii) “Dengue NS1 Detect Rapid Test (1st Generation)” and (iv) “DENV Detect NS1 ELISA” (InBios International, United States), (v) “Panbio Dengue Early Rapid (1st generation)” (vi) “Panbio Dengue Early ELISA (2nd generation)” and (vii) “SD Bioline Dengue NS1 Ag Rapid Test” (Alere, United States). Overall, the sensitivity of the RDTs ranged from 71.9%–79.1% while the sensitivity of the ELISAs varied between 85.6–95.9%, using virus isolation as the reference method. Most tests had lower sensitivity for DENV-4 relative to the other three serotypes, were less sensitive in detecting secondary infections, and appeared to be most sensitive on Day 3–4 post symptom onset. The specificity of all evaluated tests ranged from 95%–100%. Conclusions ELISAs had greater overall sensitivity than RDTs. In conjunction with other parameters, the performance data can help determine which dengue diagnostics should be used during the first few days of illness, when the patients are most likely to present to a clinic seeking care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Pal
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Allison L. Dauner
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | - Indrani Mitra
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | | | - Paquita Garcia
- Peruvian Ministry of Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit, No. 6, Lima, Peru
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States of America
| | | | - Tadeusz J. Kochel
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
| | - Shuenn-Jue L. Wu
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, United States of America
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EISEN LARS, GARCÍA-REJÓN JULIÁNE, GÓMEZ-CARRO SALVADOR, VÁSQUEZ MARÍADELROSARIONÁJERA, KEEFE THOMASJ, BEATY BARRYJ, LOROÑO-PINO MARÍAALBA. Temporal correlations between mosquito-based dengue virus surveillance measures or indoor mosquito abundance and dengue case numbers in Mérida City, México. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:885-90. [PMID: 25118425 PMCID: PMC4134096 DOI: 10.1603/me14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) females is of potential interest because human DENV infections are commonly asymptomatic, which decreases the effectiveness of dengue case surveillance to provide early warning of building outbreaks. Our primary aim was to examine if mosquito-based virological measures--monthly percentages of examined Ae. aegypti females infected with DENV or examined homes from which at least one DENV-infected Ae. aegypti female was collected--are correlated with reported dengue cases in the same or subsequent months within study neighborhoods in Méida City, México. The study encompassed approximately 30 neighborhoods in the southern and eastern parts of the city. Mosquitoes were collected monthly over a 15-mo period within study homes (average of 145 homes examined per month); this produced approximately 5,800 Ae. aegypti females subsequently examined for DENV RNA. Although monthly dengue case numbers in the study neighborhoods varied > 100-fold during the study period, we did not find statistically significant positive correlations between monthly data for mosquito-based DENV surveillance measures and reported dengue cases in the same or subsequent months. Monthly average temperature, rainfall, and indoor abundance of Ae. aegypti females were positively correlated (P < or = 0.001) with dengue case numbers in subsequent months with lag times of 3-5, 2, and 1-2 mo, respectively. However, because dengue outbreak risk is strongly influenced by serotype-specific susceptibility of the human population to DENV, the value of weather conditions and entomological indices to predict outbreaks is very limited. Potential ways to improve the sensitivity of mosquito-based DENV surveillance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- LARS EISEN
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 3185 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - JULIÁN E. GARCÍA-REJÓN
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 613 x Calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - SALVADOR GÓMEZ-CARRO
- Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Calle 72 # 463 por 53 y 55, Col. Centro, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - THOMAS J. KEEFE
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681
| | - BARRY J. BEATY
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 3185 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - MARÍA ALBA LOROÑO-PINO
- Laboratorio de Arbovirología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 # 613 x Calle 90, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Sylvestre G, Gandini M, de Araújo JMG, Kubelka CF, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Maciel-de-Freitas R. Preliminary evaluation on the efficiency of the kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus in dried Aedes aegypti: a potential tool to improve dengue surveillance. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:155. [PMID: 24690324 PMCID: PMC3998069 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surveillance is a critical component of any dengue prevention and control programme. Herein, we investigate the efficiency of the commercial kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus (DENV) antigens in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected under laboratory conditions. Methods Under insectary conditions, four to five day-old mosquitoes were orally challenged with DENV-2 titer of 3.6 x 105 PFU equivalent/ml, incubated for 14 days and then killed. At ten time-points following mosquito death (0, 6, 12, 24, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h), i.e., during a one-week period, dried mosquitoes were comparatively tested for the detection of the NS1 antigen with other methods of detection, such as qRT-PCR and virus isolation in C6/36 cells. Results We first observed that the NS1 antigen was more effective in detecting DENV-2 in Ae. aegypti between 12 and 72 h after mosquito death when compared with qRT-PCR. A second round involved comparing the sensitivity of detection of the NS1 antigen and virus isolation in C6/36 cells. The NS1 antigen was also more effective than virus isolation, detecting DENV-2 at all time-points, i.e., up to 168 h after mosquito death. Meanwhile, virus isolation was successful up to 96 h after Ae. aegypti death, but the number of positive samples per time period presented a tendency to decline progressively over time. From the 43 samples positive by the virus isolation technique, 38 (88.4%) were also positive by the NS1 test. Conclusion Taken together, these results are the first to indicate that the NS1 antigen might be an interesting complementary tool to improve dengue surveillance through DENV detection in dried Ae. aegypti females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Radzol ARM, Lee KY, Mansor W. Raman molecular fingerprint of non-structural protein 1 in phosphate buffer saline with gold substrate. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:1438-41. [PMID: 24109968 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SERS is a form of Raman spectroscopy that is enhanced with nano-sensing chip as substrate. It can yield distinct biochemical fingerprint for molecule of solids, liquids and gases. Vice versa, it can be used to identify unknown molecule. It has further advantage of being non-invasive, non-contact and cheap, as compared to other existing laboratory based techniques. NS1 has been clinically accepted as an alternative biomarker to IgM in diagnosing viral diseases carried by virus of flaviviridae. Its presence in the blood serum at febrile stage of the flavivirus infection has been proven. Being an antigen, it allows early detection that can help to reduce the mortality rate. This paper proposes SERS as a technique for detection of NS1 from its scattering spectrum. Contribution from our work so far has never been reported. From our experiments, it is found that NS1 protein is Raman active. Its spectrum exhibits five prominent peaks at Raman shift of 548, 1012, 1180, 1540 and 1650 cm(-1). Of these, peak at 1012 cm(-1) scales the highest intensity. It is singled out as the peak to fingerprint the NS1 protein. This is because its presence is verified by the ring breathing vibration of the benzene ring structure side chain molecule. The characteristic peak is found to vary in proportion to concentration. It is found that for a 99% change in concentration, a 96.7% change in intensity is incurred. This yields a high sensitivity of about one a.u. per ppm. Further investigation from the characterization graph shows a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 and a standard error estimation of 0.02782, which strongly suggests a linear relationship between the concentration and characteristic peak intensity of NS1. Our finding produces favorable evidence to the use of SERS technique for detection of NS1 protein for early detection of flavivirus infected diseases with gold substrate.
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Micro-spot with integrated pillars (MSIP) for detection of dengue virus NS1. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 15:959-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Castro MGD, Nogueira RMR, Filippis AMBD, Ferreira AA, Lima MDRQ, Faria NRDC, Nogueira FDB, Simões JBS, Nunes PCG, Sampaio SA, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Santos FBD. Dengue virus type 4 in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro: the role of molecular techniques in laboratory diagnosis and entomological surveillance. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 107:940-5. [PMID: 23147153 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, dengue virus type 4 (DENV-4) was isolated for the first time in March 2011. We analysed the laboratory findings of the first cases and evaluated the use of molecular techniques for the detection of DENV-4 in Aedes aegypti that were field-caught. Conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Simplexa™ Dengue real-time RT-PCR confirmed DENV-4 infection in all cases. Additionally, DENV-4 was confirmed in a female Ae. aegypti with 1.08 x 10(3) copies/mL of virus, as determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. This is the first time the Simplexa™ Dengue real-time assay has been used for the classification of cases of infection and for entomological investigations. The use of these molecular techniques was shown to be important for the surveillance of dengue in humans and vectors.
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Muller DA, Young PR. The flavivirus NS1 protein: molecular and structural biology, immunology, role in pathogenesis and application as a diagnostic biomarker. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:192-208. [PMID: 23523765 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavivirus nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is an enigmatic protein whose structure and mechanistic function have remained somewhat elusive ever since it was first reported in 1970 as a viral antigen circulating in the sera of dengue-infected patients. All flavivirus NS1 genes share a high degree of homology, encoding a 352-amino-acid polypeptide that has a molecular weight of 46-55 kDa, depending on its glycosylation status. NS1 exists in multiple oligomeric forms and is found in different cellular locations: a cell membrane-bound form in association with virus-induced intracellular vesicular compartments, on the cell surface and as a soluble secreted hexameric lipoparticle. Intracellular NS1 co-localizes with dsRNA and other components of the viral replication complex and plays an essential cofactor role in replication. Although this makes NS1 an ideal target for inhibitor design, the precise nature of its cofactor function has yet to be elucidated. A plethora of potential interacting partners have been identified, particularly for the secreted form of NS1, with many being implicated in immune evasion strategies. Secreted and cell-surface-associated NS1 are highly immunogenic and both the proteins themselves and the antibodies they elicit have been implicated in the seemingly contradictory roles of protection and pathogenesis in the infected host. Finally, NS1 is also an important biomarker for early diagnosis of disease. In this article, we provide an overview of these somewhat disparate areas of research, drawing together the wealth of data generated over more than 40 years of study of this fascinating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Voge NV, Sánchez-Vargas I, Blair CD, Eisen L, Beaty BJ. Detection of dengue virus NS1 antigen in infected Aedes aegypti using a commercially available kit. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012. [PMID: 23185074 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemic dengue has emerged throughout the tropical world. In the continued absence of a vaccine against dengue virus (DENV), mosquito vector surveillance and control programs are essential to reduce human infections. An effective test to detect DENV in infected mosquitoes would be a valuable addition to the surveillance effort. We investigated DENV detection in infected Aedes aegypti using a commercially available DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) ELISA kit (Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag), and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation assays. The DENV-infected mosquitoes were subjected to field-relevant conditions and assayed individually and pooled with uninfected mosquitoes. Overall, DENV NS1 antigen was detected in 98% of infected mosquitoes/pools versus 79% for RT-PCR and 29% for virus isolation. Our results indicate that NS1 is an excellent analyte for detection of DENV in Ae. aegypti and that the tested NS1 antigen kit provides a sensitive, rapid, and convenient test for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Voge
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Muller DA, Frentiu FD, Rojas A, Moreira LA, O’Neill SL, Young PR. A portable approach for the surveillance of dengue virus-infected mosquitoes. J Virol Methods 2012; 183:90-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Arya SC, Nirmala A. Apropos chikungunya virus diagnosis in the developing world: a pressing need. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:121-2. [PMID: 22339186 DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheng MS, Ho JS, Tan CH, Wong JPS, Ng LC, Toh CS. Development of an electrochemical membrane-based nanobiosensor for ultrasensitive detection of dengue virus. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 725:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lee LK, Thein TL, Kurukularatne C, Gan VCH, Lye DC, Leo YS. Dengue Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Primary Care Physicians in Singapore. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2011. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n12p533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Dengue fever remains a significant public health concern in Singapore. Appropriate, timely diagnosis and risk stratification for severe disease are crucial in the optimal management of this illness. In the outpatient setting, the primary care physician plays a key role in dengue diagnosis, management, and triage. We present a descriptive analysis of the variations in dengue knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primary care physicians (PCPs) in Singapore. Materials and Methods: A survey of 25 multiple-choice questions was mailed to 2000 PCPs in Singapore. Responses were analysed by physician age group (21-40, 41-60, and >61) and practice setting (government subsidised polyclinic or private practice). Results: Of the 3 questions assessing dengue knowledge, 89.9% chose 2 or 3 of the preferred responses. Half of the respondents utilised dengue diagnostic tests at least 50% of the time, and 75% used serology when doing so. Older respondents and those from private practices used diagnostic tests more often than their counterparts, and both groups favoured non-serology tests. About 85% of surveyed PCPs monitored confirmed or suspected cases daily, and one-third referred patients to a hospital always or often. Conclusions: While no major gaps in knowledge about dengue were identified in PCPs in Singapore, there were significant variations in clinical practice by physician age group and practice setting. The results of this survey provide a useful opportunity to identify strengths and areas in need of improved awareness in primary care management of dengue.
Key words: Arbovirus, Guidelines, General practice, Ambulatory care
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Apropos ‘The development of a novel serotyping-NS1-ELISA to identify serotypes of dengue virus’. J Clin Virol 2011; 51:289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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