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Bai H, Zhao N, Li X, Ding Y, Guo Q, Chen G, Chang G. Whole-genome resequencing identifies candidate genes associated with heat adaptation in chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104139. [PMID: 39127007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The wide distribution and diverse varieties of chickens make them important models for studying genetic adaptation. The aim of this study was to identify genes that alter heat adaptation in commercial chicken breeds by comparing genetic differences between tropical and cold-resistant chickens. We analyzed whole-genome resequencing data of 186 chickens across various regions in Asia, including the following breeds: Bian chickens (B), Dagu chickens (DG), Beijing-You chickens (BY), and Gallus gallus jabouillei from China; Gallus gallus murghi from India; Vietnam native chickens (VN); Thailand native chickens (TN) and Gallus gallus spadiceus from Thailand; and Indonesia native chickens (IN), Gallus gallus gallus, and Gallus gallus bankiva from Indonesia. In total, 5,454,765 SNPs were identified for further analyses. Population genetic structure analysis revealed that each local chicken breed had undergone independent evolution. Additionally, when K = 5, B, BY, and DG chickens shared a common ancestor and exhibited high levels of inbreeding, suggesting that northern cold-resistant chickens are likely the result of artificial selection. In contrast, the runs of homozygosity (ROH) and the ROH-based genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) results for IN, TN, and VN chickens showed low levels of inbreeding. Low population differentiation index values indicated low differentiation levels, suggesting low genetic diversity in tropical chickens, implying increased vulnerability to environmental changes, decreased adaptability, and disease resistance. Whole-genome selection sweep analysis revealed 69 candidate genes, including LGR4, G6PC, and NBR1, between tropical and cold-resistant chickens. The genes were further subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, revealing that most of the genes were primarily enriched in biological synthesis processes, metabolic processes, central nervous system development, ion transmembrane transport, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Our study identified heat adaptation genes and their functions in chickens that primarily affect chickens in high-temperature environments through metabolic pathways. These heat-resistance genes provide a theoretical basis for improving the heat-adaptation capacity of commercial chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xing Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Jamion NA, Rafaai NH, Lee KE, Mokhtar M, Goh TL. Sustaining ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands as nature-based solutions: A comprehensive assessment of the carbon-water nexus in Paya Indah Wetlands, Malaysia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 364:121449. [PMID: 38889647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Water and carbon, essential for Earth's well-being, face imminent threats from human activities that fuel climate change. This study investigates nature-based solutions, focusing on the carbon-water nexus of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands, specifically in Malaysia's Paya Indah Wetlands (PIW). Addressing research gaps, it assesses the ecosystem services of these wetlands, emphasising integrated evaluations for informed land management and employing a top-down conservation approach. Methodologically, spatial assessments, soil and water sampling, carbon quantification, water quality index calculations, land cover classification and stakeholder surveys were conducted. Results underscore the significant carbon sequestration and water quality improvement potential of constructed wetlands, with soil and sediment carbon accumulation reaching 1553.11 Mg C ha-1 (equivalent to 5700 Mg CO2 ha-1), translating to an annual sequestration capacity of 67.5 Mg C ha-1 year-1. Water quality index values ranged from 58 to 81 (Classes II to III). PIW's establishment led to a reduction of over 90% in barren land, with increases in water bodies (36%) and vegetation-covered land (38%), boosting wildlife populations by 30%. Spatial variations in organic carbon density and water quality underscore the complexity of the carbon-water nexus and its impacts on ecosystem health and water security. Despite land use changes, PIW demonstrates resilience, contributing to climate change mitigation. Stakeholder perceptions vary, emphasising the need for adaptive strategies. The study proposes transdisciplinary conservation initiatives and adaptive plans, stressing the pivotal role of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands in enhancing climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul' Ain Jamion
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hairunnisa Rafaai
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Khai Ern Lee
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia; Integrated Water Research Synergy Consortium (IWaReS), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Mazlin Mokhtar
- Sustainable Development Solutions Network Asia (SDSN Asia), Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - Thian Lai Goh
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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Thompson CL, Hermann EA. Behavioral thermoregulation in primates: A review of literature and future avenues. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23614. [PMID: 38433290 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Primates face severe challenges from climate change, with warming expected to increase animals' thermoregulatory demands. Primates have limited long-term options to cope with climate change, but possess a remarkable capacity for behavioral plasticity. This creates an urgency to better understand the behavioral mechanisms primates use to thermoregulate. While considerable information exists on primate behavioral thermoregulation, it is often scattered in the literature in a manner that is difficult to integrate. This review evaluates the status of the available literature on primate behavioral thermoregulation to facilitate future research. We surveyed peer-reviewed publications on primate thermoregulation for N = 17 behaviors across four thermoregulatory categories: activity budgeting, microhabitat use, body positioning, and evaporative cooling. We recorded data on the primate taxa evaluated, support for a thermoregulatory function, thermal variable assessed, and naturalistic/manipulative study conditions. Behavioral thermoregulation was pervasive across primates, with N = 721 cases of thermoregulatory behaviors identified across N = 284 published studies. Most genera were known to utilize multiple behaviors (x ¯ = 4.5 ± 3.1 behaviors/genera). Activity budgeting behaviors were the most commonly encountered category in the literature (54.5% of cases), while evaporative cooling behaviors were the least represented (6.9% of cases). Behavioral thermoregulation studies were underrepresented for certain taxonomic groups, including lemurs, lorises, galagos, and Central/South American primates, and there were large within-taxa disparities in representation of genera. Support for a thermoregulatory function was consistently high across all behaviors, spanning both hot- and cold-avoidance strategies. This review reveals asymmetries in the current literature and avenues for future research. Increased knowledge of the impact thermoregulatory behaviors have on biologically relevant outcomes is needed to better assess primate responses to warming environments and develop early indicators of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily A Hermann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
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Guinan FL, Fourdraine RH, Peñagaricano F, Weigel KA. Genetic analysis of lactation consistency in US Holsteins using temporal variation in daily milk weights. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2194-2206. [PMID: 37923210 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a dairy cow to perform reliably over time is an interesting trait to include in dairy cattle breeding programs aimed at improving dairy cow resilience. Consistency, defined as the quality of performing as expected each day of the lactation, could be highly associated with resilience, defined as animal's ability to maintain health and performance in the presence of environmental challenges, including pathogens, heat waves, and nutritional changes. A total of 51,415,022 daily milk weights collected from 2018 to 2023 were provided for 255,191 multiparous Holstein cows milked 3 times daily in conventional parlor systems on farms in 32 states. The temporal variance (TEMPVAR) of milk yield from 5 to 305 d postpartum was computed as the log-transformed variance of daily deviations between observed and expected individual milk weights. Lower values of TEMPVAR imply smaller day-to-day deviations from expectations, indicating consistent performance, whereas larger values indicate inconsistent performance. Expected daily milk weights were computed using 3 nonparametric and parametric regression models: (1) loceally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression with a 0.75 span; (2) polynomial quantile regression using the median (0.5 quantile), and (3) polynomial quantile regression using a 0.7 quantile. The univariate statistical model included age at first calving and herd-year-season as fixed effects and cow as a random effect. Heritability estimates (standard errors) of TEMPVAR phenotypes calculated over the entire lactation ranged between 0.227 (0.011) and 0.237 (0.011), demonstrating that cows are genetically predisposed to display consistent or inconsistent performance. Estimated genetic correlations calculated using a multiple-trait model between TEMPVAR traits and between lactations were high (>0.95), indicating TEMPVAR is repeatable across lactations and robust to the model used to compute expected daily milk yield. Higher TEMPVAR phenotypes reflect more variation in performance, hence greater inconsistency, which is undesirable. Therefore, correlations between predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for TEMPVAR and milk yield of 0.57 indicate that high-producing cows exhibit more day-to-day variation in performance. Correlations with productive life and livability were -0.38 and -0.48, respectively. Correlations between PTA for TEMPVAR and those of postpartum health traits were also negative, ranging from -0.41 to -0.08. Given that health traits are derived from disease resistance measurements, and higher health trait PTA are preferred, our results indicate that more consistent cows tend to have fewer health problems and greater longevity. Overall, our findings suggest that temporal variation in daily milk weights can be used to identify consistent animals that maintain expected performance throughout the lactation, which will enable selection for greater resilience to management and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Guinan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
| | | | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kent A Weigel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Singh H, Neha K, Kumar R, Kaushik P, Singh AK, Singh G. Role of infrastructure and operation in disease prevalence in dairy farms: groundwork for disease prevention-based antibiotic stewardship. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106158. [PMID: 38447491 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Attempts at regulating misuse of antibiotics in the dairy industry have been ineffective, especially in low- and middle-income countries, who also typically have high burden of preventable infectious disease, we propose a disease prevention-based approach to minimize the need and in turn consumption of antibiotics in dairy farms. Since the immediate environment of the animals is key to disease prevalence, we targeted the infrastructure- and operation-related factors in dairy farms and their link with prevalence of most common diseases and symptoms. We conducted four focused group discussions and a cross-sectional survey in 378 dairy farms to investigate disease prevalence and associated infrastructural (housing system, and manger shape), and operational (waste management, feed management, and type of cleaning agent) parameters. The most common diseases (Mastitis and secondary infections related to Foot-and-mouth disease) and symptoms (fever and diarrhoea) in the focus area were linked with the infrastructural and operational factors on the dairy farm with higher disease prevalence reported in dairy farms, where the animals were exposed to variations in diurnal temperatures or were hard to clean. We further used ML classifiers - Neural Network (NN), k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) - to corroborate the relationship between infrastructure and operations of the dairy farms and disease prevalence- The DT classifier on randomly sampled data could predict the prevalence of the two most common diseases (accuracy = 92%, F1-score = 0.919) Our results open new avenues for cost-effective interventions such as use of curve-edged mangers, use of rubber mats on floors, not reusing leftover feed etc. in dairy farms to prevent the most common diseases and symptoms in dairy farms and reduce the need and consumption of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kumari Neha
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Pallavi Kaushik
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Awanish Kumar Singh
- College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar 263145, India
| | - Gargi Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Borthwick Z, Quiring K, Griffith SC, Leu ST. Heat stress conditions affect the social network structure of free-ranging sheep. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10996. [PMID: 38352202 PMCID: PMC10862161 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme weather conditions, like heatwave events, are becoming more frequent with climate change. Animals often modify their behaviour to cope with environmental changes and extremes. During heat stress conditions, individuals change their spatial behaviour and increase the use of shaded areas to assist with thermoregulation. Here, we suggest that for social species, these behavioural changes and ambient conditions have the potential to influence an individual's position in its social network, and the social network structure as a whole. We investigated whether heat stress conditions (quantified through the temperature humidity index) and the resulting use of shaded areas, influence the social network structure and an individual's connectivity in it. We studied this in free-ranging sheep in the arid zone of Australia, GPS-tracking all 48 individuals in a flock. When heat stress conditions worsened, individuals spent more time in the shade and the network was more connected (higher density) and less structured (lower modularity). Furthermore, we then identified the behavioural change that drove the altered network structure and showed that an individual's shade use behaviour affected its social connectivity. Interestingly, individuals with intermediate shade use were most strongly connected (degree, strength, betweenness), indicating their importance for the connectivity of the social network during heat stress conditions. Heat stress conditions, which are predicted to increase in severity and frequency due to climate change, influence resource use within the ecological environment. Importantly, our study shows that these heat stress conditions also affect the animal's social environment through the changed social network structure. Ultimately, this could have further flow on effects for social foraging and individual health since social structure drives information and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Borthwick
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Katrin Quiring
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Behavioural EcologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Simon C. Griffith
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephan T. Leu
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Lin KH, Flowers B, Knauer M, Lin EC. Estimation of genotype by environmental interaction for litter traits by reaction norm model in Taiwan Landrace sows. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae189. [PMID: 38995099 PMCID: PMC11310594 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of heat stress on swine reproduction have been well documented and the recent global warming trend caused by climate change is leading to more days with high temperatures every year. This has caused a reduction in litter trait performance of Landrace sows in Taiwan, a country extending across tropical and subtropical oceanic zones. Therefore, this study developed a modified model to determine which stages of pregnancy, before, early, middle, and late, had the largest impacts of heat stress on litter traits. A reaction norm model (RNM) was used to identify sows with high resilience to heat stress for litter traits followed by analysis of the modified model. Data from Landrace sows were collected from 2 farms in Taiwan between 2008 and 2021. A total of 11,059 records were collected for total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), and stillborn rate (STBR). The results showed that the heritabilities of TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.170, 0.115, and 0.077, respectively. These results were similar between the conventional model and the modified model. In the modified model, the before and early stages of sow pregnancy were the significant periods for TNB and NBA (P < 0.05), while the early and middle stages were significant for STBR (P < 0.05). According to the RNM results, the heritability estimates for TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.23 to 0.11, 0.18 to 0.08, and 0.10 to 0.04, respectively, showing a decrease from low temperature-humidity index (THI) to high THI. The minimum genetic correlations between the highest and the lowest THI for TNB, NBA, and STBR were 0.85, 0.64, and 0.80, respectively. The results of the RNM for breeding value showed re-ranking across THI values. In conclusion, similar results were obtained for heritability when the model was modified for heat stress estimation. Yet re-ranking of breeding values across THI could help farmers to select not only for improved litter trait performance but also for heat stress resilience of Landrace sows in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Billy Flowers
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Mark Knauer
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - En-Chung Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rollins RL, Medeiros MC, Cowie RH. Stressed snails release Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) larvae in their slime. One Health 2023; 17:100658. [PMID: 38116454 PMCID: PMC10728333 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of stress on release of Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae from a snail host, Parmarion martensi. We subjected 140 infected, wild-caught P. martensi to three stress-inducing treatments (heat, molluscicide, physical disturbance) and an unstressed control treatment for 24 h, after which larval presence and abundance in the slime were quantified by qPCR targeting the ITS1 region of the parasite's DNA, and compared among treatments. The significance of stress and host infection load on larval release was determined by generalized linear mixed models and permutation tests. The results indicated that stress significantly increased the probability of larval presence in slime and the number of larvae released, and highly infected snails were also more likely to release larvae. Among stressed snails, 13.3% released larvae into slime, the number of larvae present in the slime ranging from 45.5 to 4216. Unstressed controls released no larvae. This study offers a partial explanation for conflicting results from prior studies regarding A. cantonensis presence in snail slime and sheds light on the broader One Health implications. Stress-induced larval release highlights the potential role of slime as a medium for pathogen transmission to accidental, paratenic, definitive and other intermediate hosts. These findings emphasize the importance of considering stress-mediated interactions in host-parasite systems and their implications for zoonotic disease emergence. As stressors continue to escalate because of anthropogenic activities and climate change, understanding the role of stress in pathogen shedding and transmission becomes increasingly important for safeguarding human and wildlife health within the One Health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi L. Rollins
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, St. John 101, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew C.I. Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 1800 East West Road, LSB 316, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Robert H. Cowie
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 408, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Messeri A, Mancini M, Bozzi R, Parrini S, Sirtori F, Morabito M, Crisci A, Messeri G, Ortolani A, Gozzini B, Orlandini S, Fibbi L, Cristofori S, Grifoni D. Temperature-humidity index monitoring during two summer seasons in dairy cow sheds in Mugello (Tuscany). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1555-1567. [PMID: 37526764 PMCID: PMC10457251 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that the impact of high temperatures affects physiology, welfare, health, and productivity of farm animals, and among these, the dairy cattle farming is one of the livestock sectors that suffers the greatest effects. The temperature-humidity index (THI) represents the state of the art in the evaluation of heat stress conditions in dairy cattle but often its measurement is not carried out in sheds. For this reason, the aim of this study was the monitoring of the THI in three dairy cattle farms in Mugello (Tuscany) to understand its influence on dairy cows. THI values were calculated using meteorological data from direct observation in sheds and outdoor environments. Data relating to the animal's behavior were collected using radio collars. The Pearson test and Mann-Kendall test were used for statistical analysis. The results highlighted a significant (P < 0.001) upward trend in THImax during the last 30 years both in Low Mugello (+ 1.1 every 10 years) and in High Mugello (+ 0.9 every 10 years). In Low Mugello sheds, during the period 2020-2022, more than 70% of daytime hours during the summer period were characterized by heat risk conditions (THI > 72) for livestock. On average the animals showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in time spent to feeding and rumination, both during the day and the night, with a significant (P < 0.001) increase in inactivity. This study fits into the growing demand for knowledge of the micro-climatic conditions within farms in order to support resilience actions for protecting both animal welfare and farm productivity from the effects of climate change. This could also be carried out thanks to estimation models which, based on the meteorological conditions forecast, could implement the thermal stress indicator (THI) directly from the high-resolution meteorological model, allowing to get a prediction of the farm's potential productivity loss based on the expected THI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Messeri
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
- Fondazione per il Clima e la Sostenibilità, Via G. Caproni, 50146, Florence, Italy.
- Associazione Meteo Professionisti (AMPRO), via Francesco Morandini 30, 00142, Roma, Italy.
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Mancini
- Fondazione per il Clima e la Sostenibilità, Via G. Caproni, 50146, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Parrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sirtori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Morabito
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Alfonso Crisci
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Messeri
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Ortolani
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Bernardo Gozzini
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Orlandini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Fibbi
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Cristofori
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Grifoni
- LaMMA Consortium-Laboratory of Monitoring and Environmental Modelling for Sustainable Development, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Institute of Bioeconomy, National Research Council (IBE-CNR), 50019, Florence, Italy
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Wickramasinghe HKJP, Stepanchenko N, Oconitrillo MJ, Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Gorden PJ, Baumgard LH, Appuhamy JADRN. Effects of a phytogenic feed additive on weaned dairy heifer calves subjected to a diurnal heat stress bout. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6114-6127. [PMID: 37479578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), inflammation, and oxidative stress markers of heifer calves exposed to a heat stress bout in the summer. A total of18 Holstein and 4 Jersey heifer calves (192 ± 5 kg of body weight at 162 ± 16 d of age) housed in indoor stalls were assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments (n = 11; 9 Holstein and 2 Jersey): (1) a basal total mixed ration (CTL), and (2) CTL top-dressed with 0.25 g/d of PFA. Following 7 d of acclimation, baseline measurements were made over 7 d under regular summer conditions [average temperature-humidity index (THI) = 79 from 0900 to 2000 h, and 75 from 2000 to 0900 h]. Calves were then subjected to a 7-d cyclic heat stress bout (HS) by turning on barn heaters and increasing the barn temperature to 33.0°C only during the daytime (the average THI = 85 from 0900 to 2000 h). The study continued for an extra 4-d period after HS ended (post-HS). The HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate from the baseline by 1.0°C, 4.0°C, and 49 breaths/min, respectively. The drinking water intake increased by 32% in response to HS, and calves continued to consume more water (44%) than the baseline consumption even after HS ended. The treatment × time interactions were not significant for feed intake, ADG, partial pressure of O2 in the blood, and blood concentrations of inflammation markers such as haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and antioxidant markers such as protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS). The PFA tended to increase daytime DMI (0.24 kg/d) compared with CTL throughout the experiment but did not affect ADG, which decreased from 1.12 kg/d to 0.26 kg/d in response to HS. Both DMI (13%) and ADG (85%) increased during post-HS relative to baseline, indicating compensatory performances that were not affected by the PFA. Serum haptoglobin and plasma LBP concentrations of PFA calves were 44% and 38% lower than that of CTL calves across all time points. The PFA decreased O2 pressure and tended to decrease protein carbonyl concentration in the blood across all time points. The PFA tended to decrease TBARS concentration on the first day of HS and increase and decrease the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione in the blood during the baseline and post-HS periods, respectively. Despite the lack of growth improvements, feeding PFA seems to increase O2 levels in the blood and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation of heifer calve exposed to diurnal heat waves (~7 d) in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Stepanchenko
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M J Oconitrillo
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - P J Gorden
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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11
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Pasciu V, Nieddu M, Sotgiu FD, Baralla E, Berlinguer F. An Overview on Assay Methods to Quantify ROS and Enzymatic Antioxidants in Erythrocytes and Spermatozoa of Small Domestic Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2300. [PMID: 37508077 PMCID: PMC10376267 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to provide an overview of the assay methods for the quantification of ROS and principal enzymatic antioxidants as biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and spermatozoa of small domestic ruminants. A complete literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and the World Wide Web using relevant keywords and focusing on the last five years (2018-2023). Among spectrophotometry, fluorometry and chemiluminescence, the most widely used method for ROS assay is fluorometry, probably because it allows to simultaneously assay several ROS, using different probes, with greater economic advantages. Regarding intracellular antioxidant enzymes, recent literature reports only spectrophotometric methods, many of which use commercial kits. The use of a less sensitive but cheapest method is suitable because both erythrocytes and spermatozoa samples are highly concentrated in domestic ruminant species. All methods considered in this review have been found to be appropriate; in general, the differences are related to their costs and sensitivity. Quantification of ROS and enzymatic antioxidant activity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa may find application in the study of the welfare and health status of small domestic ruminants for monitoring livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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12
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McManus C, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Sejian V, Blackburn H. Bibliographic mapping for heat tolerance in pigs and poultry. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:256. [PMID: 37395815 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance, especially under climate change scenarios, plays an increasingly import factor in pig and chicken production. We therefore evaluated bibliographic mapping of citation, co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation and bibliographic coupling for heat tolerance, and these species. Data was obtained from Scopus (Elsevier) and analysed in Vosviewer. We found a total of 2023 documents from 102 countries, of which 10 countries account for 50% of the publications (USA, China, Brazil, Iran, India, UK, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and Australia). While heat tolerance is important worldwide, Global South countries, especially China, have become more prominent in publishing on this topic in recent years. Researchers from South America appear relatively isolated using the metrics of this study, with no clear explanation why. We speculate funding for research and publication may be a governing factor. The literature reviewed suggests an emphasis on mitigation strategies that include nutrition and genetics. An emphasis in poultry, especially Gallus gallus was observed and suggests more attention is needed on other species (for example, ducks and turkey). Biases in the analysis could arise due to lack of citations from recent papers, those not indexed in Scopus or in other languages. The paper advances understanding tendencies in this field of research and may point to future actions for policy makers addressing animal production and climate change research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepta McManus
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Catedra Paschoal Senise, Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação da USP, Rua da Reitoria, 374 - 4º Andar - CEP 05508-220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Pimentel
- CEUB, 707/907 - Campus Universitário - Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70790-075, Brazil
| | | | - Veerasamy Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry, 605009, India
| | - Harvey Blackburn
- USDA-ARS, Agricultural Genetic Resources Preservation Research: Fort Collins, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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13
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Zhong ZQ, Li R, Wang Z, Tian SS, Xie XF, Wang ZY, Na W, Wang QS, Pan YC, Xiao Q. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures in indigenous pigs revealed candidate genes relating to heat tolerance. Animal 2023; 17:100882. [PMID: 37406393 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is a major problem that constrains pig productivity. Understanding and identifying adaptation to heat stress has been the focus of recent studies, and the identification of genome-wide selection signatures can provide insights into the mechanisms of environmental adaptation. Here, we generated whole-genome re-sequencing data from six Chinese indigenous pig populations to identify genomic regions with selection signatures related to heat tolerance using multiple methods: three methods for intra-population analyses (Integrated Haplotype Score, Runs of Homozygosity and Nucleotide diversity Analysis) and three methods for inter-population analyses (Fixation index (FST), Cross-population Composite Likelihood Ratio and Cross-population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity). In total, 1 966 796 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in this study. Genetic structure analyses and FST indicated differentiation among these breeds. Based on information on the location environment, the six breeds were divided into heat and cold groups. By combining two or more approaches for selection signatures, outlier signals in overlapping regions were identified as candidate selection regions. A total of 163 candidate genes were identified, of which, 29 were associated with heat stress injury and anti-inflammatory effects. These candidate genes were further associated with 78 Gene Ontology functional terms and 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways in enrichment analysis (P < 0.05). Some of these have clear relevance to heat resistance, such as the AMPK signalling pathway and the mTOR signalling pathway. The results improve our understanding of the selection mechanisms responsible for heat resistance in pigs and provide new insights of introgression in heat adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhong
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - R Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - S S Tian
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - X F Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - W Na
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Q S Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y C Pan
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Q Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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14
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Landaverde R, Rodriguez MT, Parrella JA. Honey Production and Climate Change: Beekeepers' Perceptions, Farm Adaptation Strategies, and Information Needs. INSECTS 2023; 14:493. [PMID: 37367309 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Because climate change has severely impacted global bee populations by depleting their habitats and food sources, beekeepers must implement management practices to adapt to changing climates. However, beekeepers in El Salvador lack information about necessary climate change adaptation strategies. This study explored Salvadoran beekeepers' experiences adapting to climate change. The researchers used a phenomenological case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nine Salvadoran beekeepers who were members of The Cooperative Association for Marketing, Production, Savings, and Credit of Beekeepers of Chalatenango (ACCOPIDECHA). The beekeepers perceived water and food scarcity, as well as extreme weather events (e.g., increasing temperature, rain, winds), as the leading climate change-induced challenges to their production. Such challenges have augmented their honey bees' physiological need for water, limited their movement patterns, decreased apiary safety, and increased the incidence of pests and diseases, all of which have led to honey bee mortality. The beekeepers shared adaptation strategies, including box modification, apiary relocation, and food supplementation. Although most beekeepers accessed climate change information using the internet, they struggled to understand and apply pertinent information unless they received it from trusted ACCOPIDECHA personnel. Salvadoran beekeepers require information and demonstrations to improve their climate change adaptation strategies and implement new ones to address the challenges they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Landaverde
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mary T Rodriguez
- Department of Agricultural Communication, Education and Leadership, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean A Parrella
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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15
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Schuppli CA, Spooner JM, von Keyserlingk MAG. Canadian dairy farmer views about animal welfare. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e38. [PMID: 38487429 PMCID: PMC10936387 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the welfare of farm animals continue to grow. Traditionally, research efforts have largely focused on refining existing management practices to improve welfare. However, the incorporation of views from those directly involved in animal care is equally, if not more, important. This study investigated the perspectives of Canadian dairy farmers on animal welfare. We conducted 16 interviews with a total of 22 participants from four provinces across Canada. Recorded audio files and field notes were transcribed, anonymised, and coded using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. The interview data revealed two major themes: (1) animal dimension of animal welfare, including views related to biological functioning, naturalness and affective states; and (2) dairy farmer identity, including, the voice of the 'city', what it means to be a good 'cow-man', and the nature of human-animal relationships. Dairy farmers emphasised biological functioning, but they made numerous references to the emotional and natural living aspects of their animals' lives. Our work also provides evidence that farmers believed it was their duty to care for their animals beyond simply milking cows and making a profit. In terms of the larger debate, this study identified potential shared values with members of the public: opportunities for natural living and agency, attentiveness to individual animals, and the value of life over death. Finally, the emotional relationship that farmers developed with their animals highlights the values dairy farmers have for their animals beyond simply utilitarian function. Overall, these shared values could contribute to constructive dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Schuppli
- The University of British Columbia, Animal Welfare Program, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Spooner
- The University of British Columbia, Animal Welfare Program, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Lemal P, May K, König S, Schroyen M, Gengler N. Invited review: From heat stress to disease-Immune response and candidate genes involved in cattle thermotolerance. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00214-X. [PMID: 37164864 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress implies unfavorable effects on primary and functional traits in dairy cattle and, in consequence, on the profitability of the whole production system. The increasing number of days with extreme hot temperatures suggests that it is imperative to detect the heat stress status of animals based on adequate measures. However, confirming the heat stress status of an individual is still challenging, and, in consequence, the identification of novel heat stress biomarkers, including molecular biomarkers, remains a very relevant issue. Currently, it is known that heat stress seems to have unfavorable effects on immune system mechanisms, but this information is of limited use in the context of heat stress phenotyping. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge addressing the molecular mechanisms linking the relevant genes to the observed phenotype. In this review, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms explaining how heat stress affects the immune system and, therefore, increases the occurrence of immune-related diseases in cattle. In this regard, 2 relatively opposite hypotheses are under focus: the immunosuppressive action of cortisol, and the proinflammatory effect of heat stress. In both hypotheses, the modulation of the immune response during heat stress is highlighted. Moreover, it is possible to link candidate genes to these potential mechanisms. In this context, immune markers are very valuable indicators for the detection of heat stress in dairy cattle, broadening the portfolio of potential biomarkers for heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lemal
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - K May
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - S König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Ludwigstraße 21B, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - M Schroyen
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Gengler
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (ULiège-GxABT), 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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17
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Marinho GTB, Pandorfi H, da Silva MV, Montenegro AADA, de Sousa LDB, Desenzi R, da Silva JLB, de Oliveira-Júnior JF, Mesquita M, de Almeida GLP, Guiselini C, da Rosa Ferraz Jardim AM, Silva TGFD. Bioclimatic Zoning for Sheep Farming through Geostatistical Modeling in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061124. [PMID: 36978664 PMCID: PMC10044458 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has pointed out the high vulnerability of developing countries to climate change, which is expected to impact food and income security. Sheep farming is one of the main animal productions among the families located in the most vulnerable regions of the semiarid region of Pernambuco state, a Brazilian territory known for its high temperatures, low relative humidity, and high net solar radiation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify different regions of Pernambuco that may be more suitable for different breeds of sheep, based on non-parametric statistics and kriging maps of the temperature and humidity index (THI). THI values were determined based on mean annual temperature and wind speed extracted from the TerraClimate remote sensing database. Pernambuco state presented THI values ranging from 66 to 79, with the hair breeds having a high potential for exploitation in almost all territories, including the main meat-producing breeds. The East Friesian breed, a high milk producer, would be well suited to the Agreste mesoregion, a territory that, like the Pajeú and Moxotó microregions, also proved favorable for the introduction of three wool breeds (Suffolk, Poll Dorset, and Texel) known as major meat producers. The kriging maps of the THI values successfully allowed the identification of strategic development regions of Pernambuco state with high potential for sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Héliton Pandorfi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raquel Desenzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Silva
- National Institute of the Semiarid, Center for Information Management and Popularization of Science, Campina Grande 58434-700, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Mesquita
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Guiselini
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Brazil
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18
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Morgado JN, Lamonaca E, Santeramo FG, Caroprese M, Albenzio M, Ciliberti MG. Effects of management strategies on animal welfare and productivity under heat stress: A synthesis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1145610. [PMID: 37008346 PMCID: PMC10050400 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1145610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change includes different dramatic events, and among them, heat stress exposition is the strongest phenomenon affecting the livestock sector. The effects of heat stress events on animal welfare are complex and the economic impacts for the livestock sector are relevant. Management measures may contribute to improve the resilience to heat stress, but the extent to which they impact on livestock performances and management strategies depend on the magnitude of the stress conditions. Through a pioneering synthesis of existing knowledge from experiments conducted in controlled conditions, we show that management strategies, both adaptation and mitigation measures, halved the negative impacts on the ruminants' performances and welfare induced by heat stress, but the efficacy is low in extreme conditions, which in turn are more and more frequent. These novel findings emphasize the need to deepen research on more effective adaptation and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nazaré Morgado
- Nutrition Laboratory, Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisboa, Portugal
- Lisbon School of Economics and Management (ISEG), University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emilia Lamonaca
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabio Gaetano Santeramo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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19
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Dourado PLR, Lima D, Mattos JJ, Bainy ACD, Grott SC, Alves TC, de Almeida EA, da Silva DGH. Fipronil impairs the GABAergic brain responses of Nile Tilapia during the transition from normoxia to acute hypoxia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:138-152. [PMID: 36216792 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the main neurotransmitters involved in the adaptation processes against the damage that hypoxia can cause to the brain. Due to its antagonist action on GABA receptors, the insecticide fipronil can turn the fish more susceptible to the negative effects of hypoxia. This study aimed to understand better if fipronil affects these GABAergic responses of Tilapia ahead to hypoxia. Oreochromis Niloticus (Nile Tilapia) were exposed for 3 and 8 h to fipronil (0.0, 0.1, and 0.5 µg.L-1 ) under normoxia (dissolved O2 > 6 mg.L-1 ) and moderate hypoxia (dissolved O2 < 2 mg.L-1 ) conditions. Briefly, hypoxia caused opposite effects on the gene transcription of the evaluated ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Unexpectedly, we obtained reduced HIF1A mRNA and brain GABA levels, mostly in the first 3 h of the experiment, for the hypoxic group compared with the normoxia one. Besides that, we also demonstrated that the insecticide fipronil impairs the brain GABAergic signaling of a hypoxia-tolerant fish during the transition from a normoxic to an acute hypoxic state. Thus, these results predict the relevant impact on the brain metabolic adaptations of fishes exposed to such stressful conditions in an aquatic environment, as well as the effects of fipronil in the GABAergic responses to hypoxia, which in turn may have ecological and physiological significance to hypoxia-tolerant fishes exposed to this insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L R Dourado
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Suelen C Grott
- Department of Natural Sciences, FURB, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Alves
- Department of Natural Sciences, FURB, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Department of Natural Sciences, FURB, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danilo G Humberto da Silva
- Campus de Três Lagoas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (CPTL/UFMS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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20
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Nikolaou N, Dallavalle M, Stafoggia M, Bouwer LM, Peters A, Chen K, Wolf K, Schneider A. High-resolution spatiotemporal modeling of daily near-surface air temperature in Germany over the period 2000-2020. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115062. [PMID: 36535393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The commonly used weather stations cannot fully capture the spatiotemporal variability of near-surface air temperature (Tair), leading to exposure misclassification and biased health effect estimates. We aimed to improve the spatiotemporal coverage of Tair data in Germany by using multi-stage modeling to estimate daily 1 × 1 km minimum (Tmin), mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax) Tair and diurnal Tair range during 2000-2020. We used weather station Tair observations, satellite-based land surface temperature (LST), elevation, vegetation and various land use predictors. In the first stage, we built a linear mixed model with daily random intercepts and slopes for LST adjusted for several spatial predictors to estimate Tair from cells with both Tair and LST available. In the second stage, we used this model to predict Tair for cells with only LST available. In the third stage, we regressed the second stage predictions against interpolated Tair values to obtain Tair countrywide. All models achieved high accuracy (0.91 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.98) and low errors (1.03 °C ≤ Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ≤ 2.02 °C). Validation with external data confirmed the good performance, locally, i.e., in Augsburg for all models (0.74 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99, 0.87 °C ≤ RMSE ≤ 2.05 °C) and countrywide, for the Tmean model (0.71 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99, 0.79 °C ≤ RMSE ≤ 1.19 °C). Annual Tmean averages ranged from 8.56 °C to 10.42 °C with the years beyond 2016 being constantly hotter than the 21-year average. The spatial variability within Germany exceeded 15 °C annually on average following patterns including mountains, rivers and urbanization. Using a case study, we showed that modeling leads to broader Tair variability representation for exposure assessment of participants in health cohorts. Our results indicate the proposed models as suitable for estimating nationwide Tair at high resolution. Our product is critical for temperature-based epidemiological studies and is also available for other research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marco Dallavalle
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Laurens M Bouwer
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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21
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Adepoju OA, Afinowi OA, Tauheed AM, Danazumi AU, Dibba LBS, Balogun JB, Flore G, Saidu U, Ibrahim B, Balogun OO, Balogun EO. Multisectoral Perspectives on Global Warming and Vector-borne Diseases: a Focus on Southern Europe. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 10:47-70. [PMID: 36742193 PMCID: PMC9883833 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-023-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The climate change (CC) or global warming (GW) modifies environment that favors vectors' abundance, growth, and reproduction, and consequently, the rate of development of pathogens within the vectors. This review highlights the threats of GW-induced vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in Southern Europe (SE) and the need for mitigation efforts to prevent potential global health catastrophe. Recent Findings Reports showed astronomical surges in the incidences of CC-induced VBDs in the SE. The recently (2022) reported first cases of African swine fever in Northern Italy and West Nile fever in SE are linked to the CC-modified environmental conditions that support vectors and pathogens' growth and development, and disease transmission. Summary VBDs endemic to the tropics are increasingly becoming a major health challenge in the SE, a temperate region, due to the favorable environmental conditions caused by CC/GW that support vectors and pathogens' biology in the previously non-endemic temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi A. Adepoju
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
| | | | - Abdullah M. Tauheed
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Ammar U. Danazumi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lamin B. S. Dibba
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, University of the Gambia, Serrekunda, The Gambia
| | - Joshua B. Balogun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Gouegni Flore
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology (ACENTDFB), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Umar Saidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology (ACENTDFB), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Bashiru Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Olukunmi O. Balogun
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuel O. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology (ACENTDFB), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2222 Kaduna State Nigeria
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22
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Effects of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Raised in the Confined System: A Scientometric Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030350. [PMID: 36766240 PMCID: PMC9913584 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, heat stress is a growing problem for the dairy industry. Based on this, annual economic losses in the dairy sector are verified mainly on a large scale. Despite several publications on thermal stress in lactating dairy cows in confinement systems, there need to be published reviews addressing this issue systematically. Our objective was to scientometrically analyze the effects of heat stress in dairy cows managed in a confinement system. Based on PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based on inclusion criteria for heat stress in a confinement system. Data was obtained from the Web of Science. A total of 604 scientific articles published between 2000 and April 2022 were considered. Data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace. The results pointed to a significant increase in studies on heat stress in lactating cows housed in confinement systems. The main research areas were Agriculture, Dairy Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences. The USA showed the highest concentration of studies (31.12%), followed by China (14.90%). Emerging themes included heat stress and behavior. The most influential journals were the Journal of Dairy Science and the Journal of Animal Science. The top authors were L. H. Baumgard and R. J. Collier. The leading institutions were the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, followed by the State University System of Florida and the University of Florida. The study maps the significant research domains on heat stress of lactating cows in confinement systems, discusses implications and explanations and highlights emerging trends.
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23
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Milián-Suazo F, González-Ruiz S, Contreras-Magallanes YG, Sosa-Gallegos SL, Bárcenas-Reyes I, Cantó-Alarcón GJ, Rodríguez-Hernández E. Vaccination Strategies in a Potential Use of the Vaccine against Bovine Tuberculosis in Infected Herds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233377. [PMID: 36496897 PMCID: PMC9735741 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of cattle that represents a risk to public health and causes severe economic losses to the livestock industry. Recently, one of the strategies recommended for reducing the prevalence of the disease in animals is the use of the BCG vaccine, alone or in combination with proteins. It has been shown that the vaccine elicits a strong immune response, downsizes the number of animals with visible lesions, and reduces the rate of infection as well as the bacillary count. This paper, based on scientific evidence, makes suggestions about some practical vaccination alternatives that can be used in infected herds to reduce bTB prevalence, considering BCG strains, vaccine doses, routes of application, and age of the animals. Our conclusion is that vaccination is a promising alternative to be included in current control programs in underdeveloped countries to reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Milián-Suazo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Sara González-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Isabel Bárcenas-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico
| | | | - Elba Rodríguez-Hernández
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ajuchitlán 76280, Mexico
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24
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Evaluation of thermo-adaptability between Tharparkar (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus X Bos taurus) calves in a controlled environment. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Brito AA, da Silva NAM, Alvarenga Dias ALN, Nascimento MRBDM. Heat wave exposure impairs reproductive performance in primiparous sows and gilts in a tropical environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2417-2424. [PMID: 36264504 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of heat waves (HW), defined as three consecutive days with an ambient temperature ≥ 25 °C and a temperature and humidity index (THI) > 74, on the reproductive performance of sows. Meteorological data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology and reproductive data from a commercial farm with 51,578 inseminations and 49,103 pregnancies from September 5, 2013, to July 12, 2019. Sows were divided into the following groups according to the parity order: group 1 (sows that did not experience HW on the day of insemination) and group 2 (sows exposed to HW on the day of insemination). The percentage of days that pregnant sows were exposed to HW was calculated as 0 to 25% (1), 26 to 50% (2), 51 to 75% (3), and > 75% (4). Out of a total of 2137 days, there were 160 HW and more than 10 HW per month, except in May, June, and July. Gilts in group 2 showed a decrease in the percentage of gestation (98.21% and 98.78%, respectively, P = 0.0267) and the percentage of births compared with those in group 1 (95.53% and 96.61, respectively, P = 0.0065). Primiparous sows in group 2 had a higher percentage of abortions than gilts in group 1 (3.20% and 2.42%, respectively; P = 0.0334). Sows exposed to more than 50% HW during gestation produced more mummified piglets than sows exposed to less than 50% HW. The number of stillborn piglets was higher in sows exposed to temperatures above 25% HW during gestation. The occurrence of heat waves in gilts and primiparous sows impairs reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Aparecida Brito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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Ponnampalam EN, Kiani A, Santhiravel S, Holman BWB, Lauridsen C, Dunshea FR. The Importance of Dietary Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress, Meat and Milk Production, and Their Preservative Aspects in Farm Animals: Antioxidant Action, Animal Health, and Product Quality-Invited Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233279. [PMID: 36496798 PMCID: PMC9738477 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of oxidative stress and associated free radicals on farm animal performance, productivity, and product quality may be managed via dietary interventions-specifically, the provision of feeds, supplements, and forages rich in antioxidants. To optimize this approach, it is important first to understand the development of free radicals and their contributions to oxidative stress in tissue systems of farm animals or the human body. The interactions between prooxidants and antioxidants will impact redox homeostasis and, therefore, the well-being of farm animals. The impact of free radical formation on the oxidation of lipids, proteins, DNA, and biologically important macromolecules will likewise impact animal performance, meat and milk quality, nutritional value, and longevity. Dietary antioxidants, endogenous antioxidants, and metal-binding proteins contribute to the 'antioxidant defenses' that control free radical formation within the biological systems. Different bioactive compounds of varying antioxidant potential and bio-accessibility may be sourced from tailored feeding systems. Informed and successful provision of dietary antioxidants can help alleviate oxidative stress. However, knowledge pertaining to farm animals, their unique biological systems, and the applications of novel feeds, specialized forages, bioactive compounds, etc., must be established. This review summarized current research to direct future studies towards more effective controls for free radical formation/oxidative stress in farm animals so that productivity and quality of meat and milk can be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Kiani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad P.O. Box 465, Iran
| | - Sarusha Santhiravel
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Benjamin W. B. Holman
- Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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27
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Pappaioanou M, Kane TR. Addressing the urgent health challenges of climate change and ecosystem degradation from a One Health perspective: what can veterinarians contribute? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:49-55. [PMID: 36322489 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.07.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the field of One Health was introduced in the early 2000s, veterinary medicine has provided leadership in working with other disciplines and sectors to identify effective, sustainable solutions to complex health problems that are shared by humans, animals, and the environment. Human-induced climate change has accelerated since the Industrial Age, resulting in serious adverse human, animal, and environmental health consequences. We summarize several drivers of climate change and ecosystem degradation connected to veterinary medicine. Building on previous studies and observations of others, we propose a set of urgent and actionable recommendations for individual veterinarians and the veterinary profession to mitigate and adapt to the health risks posed by climate change and ecosystem degradation at community, local, state, national, and international levels. In addition, we call for emphasizing the foundational relationship between climate change and ecosystem health to human, animal, and environmental health; integrating environmental health, climate change, and the diagnosis and treatment of climate-related adverse health outcomes into veterinary medical education and research; and providing ever-greater national and global leadership and participation by the veterinary medical profession to confront the causes and health consequences of human-induced climate change and ecosystem degradation, working in collaboration with other health professions, disciplines, and sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pappaioanou
- 1Center for One Health Research, Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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28
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D’Souza GM, Dias Batista LF, Norris AB, Tedeschi LO. Effect of live yeast supplementation on energy partitioning and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steers fed a grower-type diet in heat-stress conditions. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac320. [PMID: 36181501 PMCID: PMC9683489 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to determine the influence of live yeast supplementation (LY), environmental condition (ENV), and their interaction (TRT) on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal fermentation dynamics of steers receiving a grower-type diet. The effects of LY and ENV were investigated using a 2 × 2 crossover design that spanned five periods. Eight Angus-crossbred steers were randomly split into pairs and housed in four outdoor pens outfitted with an individualized feeding system. Animals were limit-fed a grower diet (DIET) at 1.2% shrunk body weight (SBW) with no live yeast supplementation (NOY) or a grower diet top-dressed with 10 g LY/d for 14 d (1.2 × 1012 CFU/d). On days 13 and 14, animals were subjected to one of two ENV conditions, thermoneutral (TN; 18.4 ± 1.1 °C, 57.6 ± 2.8% relative humidity [RH]) or heat stress (HS; 33.8 ± 0.6 °C, 55.7 ± 2.7% RH), in two side-by-side, single-stall open-circuit, indirect respiration calorimetry chambers. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Carryover effects were examined and removed from the model if not significant. Gross (GE), digestible, metabolizable, heat, and retained energies were not influenced by DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.202). Gaseous energy, as a percentage of GE, tended to increase during HS (P = 0.097). The only carryover effect in the study was for oxygen consumption (P = 0.031), which could be attributed to the tendency of NOY (P = 0.068) to have greater oxygen consumption. DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.154) had no effects on total animal methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly, DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.157) did not affect ruminal pH, redox, protozoa enumeration, ruminal ammonia concentrations, and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Propionate concentrations were the greatest in animals in TN conditions receiving LY (P = 0.034) compared to the other TRT. This effect is mirrored by TN-LY tending to have greater acetate concentrations (P = 0.076) and total VFA concentrations (P = 0.065). Butyrate concentrations tended to be greater for animals fed LY (P = 0.09). There was a tendency for LY to have elevated numbers of Fusobacterium necrophorum (P = 0.053). Although this study lacked effects of LY on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and some ruminal parameters during HS, further research should be completed to understand if LY is a plausible mitigation technique to enhance beef animals' performance in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M D’Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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29
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Bogueva D, Marinova D. Australian Generation Z and the Nexus between Climate Change and Alternative Proteins. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192512. [PMID: 36230254 PMCID: PMC9558509 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence shows that current food systems are impacting the planet in ways that are unsustainable and detrimental to human health. Various technological advances have been made in response, one of them being the development of new food products known as novel alternative proteins, including cultured meat, plant-based meat analogues, algae- and insect-based foods. The future of these alternative proteins to a large extent depends on consumer acceptance from young people. This study investigates the attitudes of Australia’s adult Generation Z (Gen Z), born between 1995 and 2003, regarding climate change and more sustainable food choices. Gen Z is a diverse, important and trendsetting group known for organising globally on causes related to climate, social justice and health. The study of Australia’s Gen Z is based on a 2021 cross-national survey in the main Australian cities. It shows that, although 86% of the participants perceive climate change as anthropogenic, only 38% believe that livestock-based foods are contributing significantly to global warming and environmental deterioration. The paper discusses the implications for Gen Z and novel alternative proteins given that the majority of Australia’s young people has low awareness of the environmental impacts of food systems and dietary choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bogueva
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering (CAFE), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Dora Marinova
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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30
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HSP expression depends on its molecular construction and different organs of the chicken: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14901. [PMID: 36050408 PMCID: PMC9437049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression protect the cell from stress, this expression varies on tissue and stress level. Here, we investigated the structure and functional expression of HSPs in different chicken organs using meta-analysis. A total of 1253 studies were collected from three different electronic databases from January 1, 2015 to February 1, 2022. Of these studies, 28 were selected based on the specific criteria for this meta-analysis. The results for the expression of HSPs and the comparative expression of HSPs (HSP90, HSP70, and HSP60) in different chicken organs (brain, heart, liver, muscle, and intestine) were analyzed using the odds ratio or the random-effects model (REM) at a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Compared to the thermoneutral groups, heat stress groups exhibited a significant (P < 0.01) change in their HSP70 expression in the chicken liver (8 trials: REM = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.41, 4.82). The expression of different HSPs in various chicken organs varied and the different organs were categorized according to their expression levels. HSP expression differed among the heart, liver, and muscle of chickens. HSPs expression level depends on the structure and molecular weight of the HSPs, as well as the type of tissue.
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31
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Thirunavukkarasu D, Jothilakshmi M, Silpa M, Sejian V. Factors Driving Adoption of Climatic Risk MitigatingTechnologies with Special Reference to Goat Farming in India: Evidence from Meta-analysis. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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32
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Kravchenko LB, Rogovin KA. Seasonal variation of immune response to heterologous erythrocytes in natural populations of red‐backed (
Clethrionomys rutilus
) and gray‐sided (
C. rufocanus
) voles in Western Siberia. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9178. [PMID: 35949522 PMCID: PMC9353018 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Sullivan T, Sharma A, Lamers K, White C, Mallard B, Cánovas A, Karrow N. Dynamic changes in Holstein heifer circulatory stress biomarkers in response to lipopolysaccharide immune challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 248:110426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Vilela RA, Lourenço Junior JDB, Jacintho MAC, Barbosa AVC, Pantoja MHDA, Oliveira CMC, Garcia AR. Dynamics of Thermolysis and Skin Microstructure in Water Buffaloes Reared in Humid Tropical Climate-A Microscopic and Thermographic Study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:871206. [PMID: 35692298 PMCID: PMC9175032 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermolytic capacity test is used to assess the adaptability of animals to existing environmental conditions. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between histomorphometry and adaptability of buffaloes. Thus, this study aimed to assess the use of thermolysis pathways by buffaloes reared in a hot and humid environment so as to understand the relationships between environment, skin morphological characteristics, and heat storage, as well as the intensity and proportionality of use of its ways of dissipating heat to maintain homeothermy. The heat tolerance test, associated with the evaluations via infrared thermography, was applied to 10 female Murrah buffaloes and tegument histomorphometry was carried out. The animals exhibited very high heat tolerance with an average of 9.66 ± 0.21 and used thermal polypnea as the main heat dissipation pathway. Their mean skin thickness was 6.03 ± 1.16 mm and the active sweat and sebaceous gland tissue were 1.57 ± 0.38% and 1.08 ± 0.39%, respectively. The buffaloes exhibited a positive correlation between eyeball temperature and internal body temperature (r = 0.84523, p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation between respiratory rate and skin thickness (r = -0.73371, p = 0.0157). The high thermolytic capacity in shade conditions confirms the importance of access to shade in buffalo rearing systems in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reíssa Alves Vilela
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | - Manuel Antonio Chagas Jacintho
- Laboratory of Skin and Leather Quality Assessment, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Rossetto Garcia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, São Carlos, Brazil
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35
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Hendricks J, Mills KE, Sirovica LV, Sundermann L, Bolton SE, von Keyserlingk MAG. Public perceptions of potential adaptations for mitigating heat stress on Australian dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5893-5908. [PMID: 35525613 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Temperature variability resulting from climate change poses challenges around the world for livestock production and the welfare of the animals in these systems. As animal industries attempt to combat these challenges, it is vital to understand how potential changes implemented by farmers resonate with societal values. The aims of this study were to determine how different proposed changes to mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle influence public perceptions toward Australian dairy farm systems, including perceptions of (1) cow welfare, (2) confidence in the industry, and (3) trust in farmers. Participants were presented with 1 of 4 treatments representing a potential solution to mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle: (1) indoor system (a fully indoor barn), (2) choice system (cows have agency to choose to be indoors or outdoors), (3) gene edition + pasture (cows are genetically modified to become more resilient to heat stress), and (4) pasture (outdoor system that is currently used in Australia, but the farmer plants more trees). Participants were then asked to respond to questions on a 7-point Likert scale. Questions were about cow welfare (3 questions), confidence in dairy industry (4 questions), and trust in farmers (9 questions), with each section followed by an open-ended question for participants to explain their answers. Participants perceived cow welfare to be the lowest in the indoor system (2.80 ± 0.10), followed by gene edition + pasture (4.48 ± 0.11), with choice and pasture systems being the highest but not different from each other (5.41 ± 0.11 and 5.32 ± 0.11, respectively). Confidence in the dairy industry was lower among participants in the indoor (4.78 ± 0.08) compared with participants assigned to the choice (5.28 ± 0.08) or pasture (5.25 ± 0.08) systems. Confidence was also lower among participants in the gene edition (4.95 ± 0.08) compared with the choice system. Trust in farmers was similar across all treatments. Our results provide the first evidence that the Australian public may be reluctant to accept heat stress mitigation strategies that either do not allow cows to have access to pasture or those that include gene-editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hendricks
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6 Canada
| | - Katelyn E Mills
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6 Canada
| | - Lara V Sirovica
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6 Canada
| | - Louise Sundermann
- Dairy Australia, Level 3, HWT Tower, 40 City Road, Southbank, Victoria, 3006, Australia
| | - Sarah E Bolton
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6 Canada; Dairy Australia, Level 3, HWT Tower, 40 City Road, Southbank, Victoria, 3006, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Marina A G von Keyserlingk
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z6 Canada.
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Climate Change in Africa and Vegetation Response: A Bibliometric and Spatially Based Information Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change over the coming decades will increase the likelihood of many species undergoing genetic alterations or even becoming extinct. Vegetation and belowground organisms are more vulnerable to the intensified impact of climate change due to a possible lack of genetic plasticity and limited mobility. Organisms are inter-dependable in ecosystems; hence, this study focused on the impact of climate change, examining the soil condition in Africa, vegetation responses and the overview of species’ responses to climate change through a bibliometric study and an analysis of remote sensing information. The bibliometric study examines climate change-related literature published from 1999 to 2019, collected from the Web of Science and Scopus database platforms, and this reveals an overall rapid increase in the number of climate change publications in Africa, with South Africa occupying a leading position in all the studied parameters. The spatially based information on soil moisture, temperature and the photosynthetic activities of vegetation affirmed that there is increasing amount of drought in Africa with more impact in northern, southern and eastern Africa. African countries, especially in the above-mentioned regions, need to urgently invest in support programs that will ease the impact of climate change, particularly on food security.
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Skowronek P, Wójcik Ł, Strachecka A. Impressive Impact of Hemp Extract on Antioxidant System in Honey Bee ( Apis mellifera) Organism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:707. [PMID: 35453392 PMCID: PMC9028666 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of hemp extract on the activity of the antioxidant system (catalase, peroxidase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) in the hemolymph of adult honey bees (Apis mellifera). The bees were divided into three groups: (1) an experimental group fed with pure sugar syrup with cotton strips soaked with hemp extract put inside the cage; (2) an experimental group fed with a mixture of sugar syrup with hemp extract; and (3) a control group fed with a mixture of sugar and a water-glycerine solution. Hemolymph samples were collected on the 1st day of this study and then every week, until all bees in the group died. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were higher for the experimental groups, compared to those for the control group. The highest antioxidant activities were noted in the group supplemented with cannabis with the use of syringes. Supplementation with hemp also increased the lifespan of bees in this group compared to that of the bees consuming only sugar syrup (control: 35 days), with 49 and 52 days for groups of cannabis on strips and in syrup, respectively. Hemp extract, thanks to its antioxidant properties, increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes that protect the bee's organisms against free radicals and thus delay the aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Skowronek
- Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50a, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.W.); (A.S.)
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Jwher DM, Dahl MO, Saeed SI, Abdalazeez AM. Health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul Abattoir, Iraq. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1650-1654. [PMID: 35358365 PMCID: PMC9297762 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Slaughterhouses can provide valuable information about animal diseases and their epidemiology. Objectives The current study was designed to examine the health and economic burden of pathological lesions in livers and lungs of slaughtered sheep at Mosul abattoir, Iraq. Methods Mosul abattoir records for sheep slaughtered between 2011 and 2013 were considered for inclusion in this study. The direct financial loss due to liver and lung lesions was estimated considering the average number of slaughtered sheep per year, the average percentage of liver lesions per year, and the average percentage of lung lesions per year. Monetary values of the liver and lung were obtained from local butcheries. Results The analysis indicated that the percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year was 6.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Hydatid cyst followed by hepatitis was the most frequent lesions identified in the liver, while pneumonia then hydatid cyst were detected in the lung, followed by worms, abscess, and miscellaneous lesions. Hydatid cyst was the most frequently observed lesions. The average total loss was 35,232 USD per year (mostly due to liver lesions), with ±7046 USD sensitivity to the price change. Conclusions The percentage of lesions observed in the liver and lung per year is not negligible and can cause considerable economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dh M Jwher
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Mohammad O Dahl
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Bai X, Shi Y, Tang L, Chen L, Fan H, Wang H, Wang J, Jia X, Chen S, Lai S. Heat Stress Affects Faecal Microbial and Metabolic Alterations of Rabbits. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:817615. [PMID: 35295680 PMCID: PMC8919919 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.817615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can impair the rabbit immune system, induce oxidative stress, and cause many complications. These diseases are characterized by metabolic disorders, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. As a result, the current research determines the effects of HS on intestinal microorganisms in rabbits and the metabolic pathway disorders caused by HS. Twelve rabbits were randomly assigned to one of two groups: CON (22–24°C) and HS (30°C–32°C). Both the groups were treated for 15 days. Blood and fecal samples were collected on day 15. Serum immune oxidation indices were determined using a commercial ELISA kit, and the microbiome of rabbit feces was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Non-targeted metabolomics was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPC MS/MS). The findings revealed that HS significantly increased IgG and T-AOC levels in serum, whereas it decreased TNF-α and IL-10. NMDS analysis revealed a substantial difference in bacterial community composition between HS and CON groups. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes, Protobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota was significantly higher in the HS group, whereas the abundance of Bacteriodota was reduced in the CON group. V9D2013 group, Haloplasma, Comamonas, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Ruminiclostridium, Syntrophus Lutispora, at the genus level Syntrophorhabdus, Paeniclostridium, Clostridium sensu stricto 6, Candidatus Caldatribacterium, Spirochaeta Synergistaceae, Syner-01, [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group, Cellulosilyticum, ADurb.Bin120, and Devosia were significantly upregulated in the HS group. The metabolism of the HS group was considerably upregulated compared with the metabolism of the CON group, according to principal component analysis (PCA) and least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). HS increased the concentrations of 4-pyridoxic acid, kynurenine, 20-OH-leukotriene B4, and dopamine and decreased the concentration of pyridoxal. In the rabbit gut, these compounds primarily impact the metabolic pathways of vitamin B6, tryptophan, neutrophil activation, and prolactin. 4-Pyridoxic acid, pyridoxal, kynurenine, 20-OH-leukotriene B4, and dopamine are essential inflammatory response markers and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huimei Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoding Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Huang S, Dou J, Li Z, Hu L, Yu Y, Wang Y. Analysis of Genomic Alternative Splicing Patterns in Rat under Heat Stress Based on RNA-Seq Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020358. [PMID: 35205403 PMCID: PMC8871965 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most severe challenges faced in livestock production in summer. Alternative splicing as an important post-transcriptional regulation is rarely studied in heat-stressed animals. Here, we performed and analyzed RNA-sequencing assays on the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats in control (22 °C, n = 5) and heat stress (4 °C for 120 min, H120; n = 5) groups, resulting in the identification of 636 differentially expressed genes. Identification analysis of the alternative splicing events revealed that heat stress-induced alternative splicing events increased by 20.18%. Compared with other types of alternative splicing events, the alternative start increased the most (43.40%) after heat stress. Twenty-eight genes were differentially alternatively spliced (DAS) between the control and H120 groups, among which Acly, Hnrnpd and mir3064 were also differentially expressed. For DAS genes, Srebf1, Shc1, Srsf5 and Ensa were associated with insulin, while Cast, Srebf1, Tmem33, Tor1aip2, Slc39a7 and Sqstm1 were enriched in the composition of the endoplasmic reticulum. In summary, our study conducts a comprehensive profile of alternative splicing in heat-stressed rats, indicating that alternative splicing is one of the molecular mechanisms of heat stress response in mammals and providing reference data for research on heat tolerance in mammalian livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhen Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.H.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China;
| | - Lirong Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.H.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.H.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yachun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.H.); (L.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (Y.W.)
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Ortega ADSV, Babinszky L, Ozsváth XE, Oriedo OH, Szabó C. The Effect of Heat Stress and Vitamin and Micro-Mineral Supplementation on Some Mineral Digestibility and Electrolyte Balance of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:386. [PMID: 35158709 PMCID: PMC8833424 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) can have detrimental effects on intestinal integrity and can jeopardize the digestibility performance in pigs. With prolonged exposure to heat, some thermoregulatory processes in pigs are potential causes for electrolyte imbalance. The adverse effects of HS on mineral digestibility and electrolyte balance are not widely studied and information on its abatement through vitamin and micro-mineral supplementation in combinations above the recommended level in pigs is limited. The aim of this study is to research this area. Thirty-six Danbred hybrid barrows (65.1 ± 2.81kg) were distributed among the four treatments (n = 9 per treatment): (1) thermo-neutral (19.5 ± 0.9 °C, RH- 85.9 ± 7.3%)+ control diet (TC) (NRC, 2012), (2) HS (28.9 ± 0.9 °C, RH- 60.4 ± 4.3%) + control diet (HC), (3) HS +diet with elevated levels of vitamins (vitamin E and C) and micro-minerals (Zn and Se) (HT1), and (4) HS + diet with further elevation of vitamins and micro-minerals (HT2). Plasma samples were collected on days 7 and 21 of the experiment to investigate electrolyte concentration. During the experimental period, feces samples were collected from pigs placed in digestibility cages (six pigs from each treatment) to investigate the digestibility of Ca, P, Na, Se, and Zn. HS did not decrease the digestibility of minerals, but elevated supplementation of the selected vitamins and trace minerals improved it significantly. HS caused a significant decrease of Cl- (p < 0.01) in plasma, indicating an imbalance. In conclusion, pigs can have some resilience against heat stress in terms of mineral digestibility. Proper vitamin and trace mineral supplementation are key factors in the ability of pigs to overcome the negative effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arth David Sol Valmoria Ortega
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science Biotechnology and Nature, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.S.V.O.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Babinszky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science Biotechnology and Nature, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.S.V.O.); (L.B.)
| | - Xénia Erika Ozsváth
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science Biotechnology and Nature, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ogonji Humphrey Oriedo
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Security, Veterinary Services Section, County Government of Makueni, Makueni 78-90300, Kenya;
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science Biotechnology and Nature, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.S.V.O.); (L.B.)
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Climate Resilience in Small Ruminant and Immune system: an old alliance in the new sustainability context. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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High environmental temperature: Insights into behavioural, neurodevelopmental and gut microbiome changes following gestational exposure in rats. Neuroscience 2022; 488:60-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Invasion of the Land of Samurai: Potential Spread of Old-World Screwworm to Japan under Climate Change. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures have fluctuated dramatically throughout our planet’s long history, and in recent decades, global warming has become a more visible indicator of climate change. Climate change has several effects on different economic sectors, especially the livestock industry. The Old-world screwworm (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve, 1914), is one of the most destructive insect pests which is invading new regions as a result of climate change. The economic loss in livestock business due to invasion of OWS was previously assessed by FAO in Iraq to be USD 8,555,000. Other areas at risk of invasion with OWS in the future include Japan. Therefore, maximum entropy implemented in MaxEnt was used to model predictive risk maps of OWS invasion to Japan based on two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 2.6 and 8.5, for 2050 and 2070. The Area Under Curve (AUC) indicates high model performance, with a value equal to 0.89 (±0.001). In addition, the True Skill Statistics (TSS) value was equal to 0.7. The resulting models indicate the unsuitability of the northern territory of Japan for invasion by OWS. The main island’s southern costs show high and very high invasion suitability, respectively, and both Kyushu and Okinawa are at high risk of invasion with OWS. The predicted risk maps can be considered a warning sign for the Japanese quarantine authority to hasten a control program in order to protect the livestock industry from this devastating pest.
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Zheng Y, Xie T, Li S, Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H. Effects of Selenium as a Dietary Source on Performance, Inflammation, Cell Damage, and Reproduction of Livestock Induced by Heat Stress: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820853. [PMID: 35116042 PMCID: PMC8803637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress as a result of global warming has harmful consequences for livestock and is thus becoming an urgent issue for animal husbandry worldwide. Ruminants, growing pigs, and poultry are very susceptible to heat stress because of their fast growth, rapid metabolism, high production levels, and sensitivity to temperature. Heat stress compromises the efficiency of animal husbandry by affecting performance, gastrointestinal health, reproductive physiology, and causing cell damage. Selenium (Se) is an essential nutritional trace element for livestock production, which acts as a structural component in at least 25 selenoproteins (SELs); it is involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, and plays a key role in the antioxidant defense system. Dietary Se supplementation has been confirmed to support gastrointestinal health, production performance, and reproductive physiology under conditions of heat stress. The underlying mechanisms include the regulation of nutrient digestibility influenced by gastrointestinal microorganisms, antioxidant status, and immunocompetence. Moreover, heat stress damage to the gastrointestinal and mammary barrier is closely related to cell physiological functions, such as the fluidity and stability of cellular membranes, and the inhibition of receptors as well as transmembrane transport protein function. Se also plays an important role in inhibiting cell apoptosis and reducing cell inflammatory response induced by heat stress. This review highlights the progress of research regarding the dietary supplementation of Se in the mitigation of heat stress, addressing its mechanism and explaining the effect of Se on cell damage caused by heat stress, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the use of Se to mitigate heat stress in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Ayo JO, Ake AS. Modulatory roles of melatonin on respiratory and heart rates and their circadian rhythmicity in donkeys (Equus asinus) subjected to packing during the hot-dry season. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:381-388. [PMID: 36185817 PMCID: PMC9519433 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gourdine JL, Rauw WM, Gilbert H, Poullet N. The Genetics of Thermoregulation in Pigs: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:770480. [PMID: 34966808 PMCID: PMC8711629 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.770480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) affects pig performance, health and welfare, resulting in a financial burden to the pig industry. Pigs have a limited number of functional sweat glands and their thermoregulatory mechanisms used to maintain body temperature, are challenged by HS to maintain body temperature. The genetic selection of genotypes tolerant to HS is a promising long-term (adaptation) option that could be combined with other measures at the production system level. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genetics of thermoregulation in pigs. It also discusses the different phenotypes that can be used in genetic studies, as well as the variability in thermoregulation between pig breeds and the inheritance of traits related to thermoregulation. This review also considers on-going challenges to face for improving heat tolerance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Mercedes Rauw
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hélène Gilbert
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, INP, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Direct and indirect contributions of molecular genetics to farm animal welfare: a review. Anim Health Res Rev 2021; 22:177-186. [PMID: 34842522 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252321000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since domestication, farm animals have played a key role to increase the prosperity of humankind, while animal welfare (AW) is debated even today. This paper aims to comprehensively review the contributions of developing molecular genetics to farm animal welfare (FAW) and to raise awareness among both scientists and farmers about AW. Welfare is a complex trait affected by genetic structure and environmental factors. Therefore, the best welfare status can be achieved not only to enhance environmental factors such as management and feeding practices, but also the genetic structure of animals must be improved. In this regard, advances in molecular genetics have made great contributions to improve the genetic structure of farm animals, which has increased AW. Today, by sequencing and/or molecular markers, genetic diseases may be detected and eliminated in local herds. Additionally, genes related to diseases or adaptations are investigated by molecular techniques, and the frequencies of desired genotypes are increased in farm animals to keep welfare at an optimized level. Furthermore, stress on animals can be reduced with DNA extraction from stool and feather samples which reduces physical contact between animals and veterinarians. Together with molecular genetics, advances in genome editing tools and biotechnology are promising to improve FAW in the future.
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Lins JGG, Rodrigues SD, Albuquerque ACA, Marques AVMDS. Role of integrated crop-livestock system on amelioration of heat stress on crossbred Brazilian sheep in semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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50
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Duchenne-Moutien RA, Neetoo H. Climate Change and Emerging Food Safety Issues: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1884-1897. [PMID: 34185849 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Throughout the past decades, climate change has been one of the most complex global issues. Characterized by worldwide alterations in weather patterns, along with a concomitant increase in the temperature of the Earth, climate change will undoubtedly have significant effects on food security and food safety. Climate change engenders climate variability: significant variations in weather variables and their frequency. Both climate variability and climate change are thought to threaten the safety of the food supply chain through different pathways. One such pathway is the ability to exacerbate foodborne diseases by influencing the occurrence, persistence, virulence and, in some cases, toxicity of certain groups of disease-causing microorganisms. Food safety can also be compromised by various chemical hazards, such as pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metals. With changes in weather patterns, such as lower rainfall, higher air temperature, and higher frequency of extreme weather events among others, this translates to emerging food safety concerns. These include the shortage of safe water for irrigation of agricultural produce, greater use of pesticides due to pest resistance, increased difficulty in achieving a well-controlled cold chain resulting in temperature abuse, or the occurrence of flash floods, which cause runoff of chemical contaminants in natural water courses. Together, these can result in foodborne infection, intoxication, antimicrobial resistance, and long-term bioaccumulation of chemicals and heavy metals in the human body. Furthermore, severe climate variability can result in extreme weather events and natural calamities, which directly or indirectly impair food safety. This review discusses the causes and impacts of climate change and variability on existing and emerging food safety risks and also considers mitigation and adaptation strategies to address the global warming and climate change problem. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hudaa Neetoo
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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