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Campos SB, Oliveira Filho JGD, Santos DCD, Egea MB. Daily intake of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a Cerrado native almond, promotes changes in the intestinal microbiota of individuals with obesity: A pilot study. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114370. [PMID: 38763648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The Brazilian Cerrado biome is rich in plant biodiversity, with fruits that have unique sensory characteristics and high nutritional quality. Among the various fruits, baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) has attracted the attention of researchers because of its high lipid, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and micronutrient (minerals and vitamins) contents. The present study evaluated the effects of regular consumption of baru almonds for over 60 days on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles and fecal microbiota of obese individuals. A pilot study was conducted on 15 individuals with obesity who were instructed to consume a 20-gram portion of baru almonds throughout the day. The body composition was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid profile, serum insulin and iron contents, and fecal microbiota composition were determined at baseline (day 0) and after 60 days. Baru almond consumption contributed to changes in biochemical parameters, improved HDL cholesterol levels, and reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. Some positive changes in the microbiota composition after consuming baru almonds include a decrease in the Faecalibacterium family and an increase in the Provotella genus. Therefore, ingesting baru almonds can modulate gut microbiota of individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphani Borges Campos
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Daiane Costa Dos Santos
- Goiás Federal University (UFG), Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, IPTSP - UFG, Street 235, s/n - East University Sector, CEP 74605-450, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Rural Area, 75901-970 Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil.
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Fahmy HA, El-Shamy S, Farag MA. Comparative GC-MS based nutrients profiling of less explored legume seeds of Melilotus, Medicago, Trifolium, and Ononis analysed using chemometric tools. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18221. [PMID: 37880311 PMCID: PMC10600120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring novel sources of plant protein for nutrition of both humans and animals is motivated mainly by its growing demand worldwide, besides identifying healthy alternatives for animal protein. The present study evaluates metabolome diversity within 15 legume seed species. The examined samples comprised three Melilotus, four Medicago, four Trifolium, and four Ononis seed species. A holistic approach for metabolites profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) led to the annotation and quantification of 87 metabolites comprising alcohols, free amino acids, aromatics, fatty acids/esters, nitrogenous compounds, organic acids, sugar alcohols, sugars, terpenes, and steroids. Fatty acids represented the major metabolite class represented by palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sucrose and pinitol were the major sugars and sugar alcohols among seeds. Ononis seeds (OR, OS and OA) were the most abundant in fatty acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and free amino acids, whereas Melilotus species (MO and MS) were least enriched in these key nutrients posing Ononis as potential food source for humans and animals. The examined seeds were generally low in sulfur-containing free amino acids and lacking many of the essential free amino acids. Multivariate data analysis aided in the identification of Ononis metabolite markers belonging to various classes i.e., (alcohol) glycerol, (sugar) allofuranose, and (sugar alcohol) pinitol, although the differentiation between Medicago, Melilotus, and Trifolium genera was not attained suggestive for other analytical platforms for its classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Fahmy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherine El-Shamy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Aronia melanocarpa L. Fruit Juices on Bulgarian Market. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131655. [PMID: 35807606 PMCID: PMC9269608 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa L. (black chokeberry), belonging to the Rosaceae family, contains high amounts of polyphenolics and therefore exhibits one of the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among berry fruits. Chokeberries are used in the food industry for juice, nectar, and wine production and as colorants. We aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of three chokeberry juices commercially available in the local market as sources of beneficial phytochemicals. Using GC–MS and LC–MS/MS, we performed the identification and quantitation of polar compounds and polyphenolics. The concentrations of 13 amino acids, including 6 essential amino acids, 10 organic acids, 20 sugar alcohols and derivatives, 14 saccharides, 12 fatty acids and esters, and 38 polyphenols, were estimated. One of the analyzed juices had the highest polyphenolic content (5273.87 ± 63.16 µg/mL), possibly due to 2.9 times higher anthocyanin concentration compared to anthocyanins in other tested juices. This study provides new data concerning phytochemical composition in terms of amino acids, organic acids, sugar acids, fatty acids and their esters, and polyphenols as phytocomponents of commercially available chokeberry juices. Results show that after all processing techniques and possibly different plant growth conditions, chokeberry juices are a valuable source of health-promoting phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, pro-anthocyanins, and anthocyanins, thus considering them as functional foods. We demonstrated a diversity of the active substances in bioactive foods marketed as “same”; therefore, the standardized therapeutic effect could be expected only by the utilization of food supplements with guaranteed constant content.
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Deng R, Gao J, Yi J, Liu P. Could peony seeds oil become a high-quality edible vegetable oil? The nutritional and phytochemistry profiles, extraction, health benefits, safety and value-added-products. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shahidi S, Mahmoodi MS, Komaki A, Sadeghian R. The comparison of omega-3 and flaxseed oil on serum lipids and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic male rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09662. [PMID: 35721684 PMCID: PMC9204734 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia affects a significant number of patients despite treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs. Due to the low efficacy of synthetic drugs, there is a need for new agents with low side effects. Therefore, the effects of flaxseeds oil and animal omega-3 on the hyperlipidemic rats were investigated. Forty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 10): 1) control group that was fed with a standard diet (pallets). 2) high-fat diet (HFD) control group that was fed with high-fat food for 42 days, 3) Omega-3 group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD + omega-3 capsule (600 mg/kg; 21 days/gavage), and 4) flaxseed oil group that received HFD for 21 days, followed by HFD + flaxseed oil (10 ml/kg; 21 days/gavage). Blood samples were collected three times and at the stages one to third of the experiment from the rats' tail. The results showed that high levels of fat significantly increased cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the flaxseed, HFD control, and omega-3 groups in the second stages of the experiment. Inverse, omega-3 or flaxseed oil supplementation decreased cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in comparison with the HFD control group in the third stages of the experiment. There was no significant difference in the studied parameters between the flaxseed- and omega-3-treated groups. It can be concluded that flaxseed oil similar to omega-3 is effective in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Sadeghian
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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Effect of some traditional processing operations on the chemical, functional, antioxidant, glycaemic index and glycaemic load of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) seed flour. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Di Q, Piersanti A, Zhang Q, Miceli C, Li H, Liu X. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes Related to the Linoleic Acid Content in Soybean Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:454. [PMID: 35008885 PMCID: PMC8745128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) oil is a complex mixture of five fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). The high content of linoleic acid (LA) contributes to the oil having poor oxidative stability. Therefore, soybean seed with a lower LA content is desirable. To investigate the genetic architecture of LA, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 510 soybean cultivars collected from China. The phenotypic identification results showed that the content of LA varied from 36.22% to 72.18%. The GWAS analysis showed that there were 37 genes related to oleic acid content, with a contribution rate of 7%. The candidate gene Glyma.04G116500.1 (GmWRI14) on chromosome 4 was detected in three consecutive years. The GmWRI14 showed a negative correlation with the LA content and the correlation coefficient was -0.912. To test whether GmWRI14 can lead to a lower LA content in soybean, we introduced GmWRI14 into the soybean genome. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF IMS) showed that the overexpression of GmWRI14 leads to a lower LA content in soybean seeds. Meanwhile, RNA-seq verified that GmWRI14-overexpressed soybean lines showed a lower accumulation of GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B than control lines. Our results indicate that the down-regulation of the FAD2 gene triggered by the transcription factor GmWRI14 is the underlying mechanism reducing the LA level of seed. Our results provide novel insights into the genetic architecture of LA and pinpoint potential candidate genes for further in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Di
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.P.); (C.M.)
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Shen S, Li Y, Wang J, Wei C, Wang Z, Ge W, Yuan M, Zhang L, Wang L, Sun S, Teng J, Xiao Q, Bao S, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Hao Y, Lei T, Wang J. Illegitimate Recombination between Duplicated Genes Generated from Recursive Polyploidizations Accelerated the Divergence of the Genus Arachis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121944. [PMID: 34946893 PMCID: PMC8701993 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the leading oil and food crop among the legume family. Extensive duplicate gene pairs generated from recursive polyploidizations with high sequence similarity could result from gene conversion, caused by illegitimate DNA recombination. Here, through synteny-based comparisons of two diploid and three tetraploid peanut genomes, we identified the duplicated genes generated from legume common tetraploidy (LCT) and peanut recent allo-tetraploidy (PRT) within genomes. In each peanut genome (or subgenomes), we inferred that 6.8–13.1% of LCT-related and 11.3–16.5% of PRT-related duplicates were affected by gene conversion, in which the LCT-related duplicates were the most affected by partial gene conversion, whereas the PRT-related duplicates were the most affected by whole gene conversion. Notably, we observed the conversion between duplicates as the long-lasting contribution of polyploidizations accelerated the divergence of different Arachis genomes. Moreover, we found that the converted duplicates are unevenly distributed across the chromosomes and are more often near the ends of the chromosomes in each genome. We also confirmed that well-preserved homoeologous chromosome regions may facilitate duplicates’ conversion. In addition, we found that these biological functions contain a higher number of preferentially converted genes, such as catalytic activity-related genes. We identified specific domains that are involved in converted genes, implying that conversions are associated with important traits of peanut growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Shen
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuxian Li
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chendan Wei
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Weina Ge
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Min Yuan
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Sangrong Sun
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jia Teng
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Qimeng Xiao
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Shoutong Bao
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yishan Feng
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanan Hao
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tianyu Lei
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; (S.S.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (C.W.); (Z.W.); (W.G.); (M.Y.); (L.Z.); (L.W.); (S.S.); (J.T.); (Q.X.); (S.B.); (Y.F.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (J.W.)
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Huang X, Chen X, Zhao S, Hou J, Huang L, Xu J, Wang W, He M, Shen O, Zhang J. Metabolomic Profiles of Shift Workers and Day Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1074-1082. [PMID: 34029446 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolomic profiles of shift workers and day workers and to discover the effect of shift work on workers' metabolic health. METHODS A total of 824 participants aged 25 to 55 years were recruited, and 485 (275 shift workers and 210 day workers) completed the study. The mean age of the shift workers was 37.32 (5.53) years old, and that of day workers was 36.50 (7.83) years old. Serum and salivary samples were collected for the detection of key biochemical indicators (melatonin, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and for metabolome profile analyses. RESULTS Compared with female day workers, female shift workers had a higher BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Correspondingly, we identified 76 significant metabolites (false discovery rate < 0.05) in shift workers, including L-tryptophan, acylcarnitines, and several fatty acids. Three pathways that presented significant differences were biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid metabolism, and ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Compared with day workers, shift workers were more prone to weight gain and central obesity and were at a higher risk for impaired lipid metabolism with disrupted circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengting He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ouxi Shen
- Department of Occupational Health, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yang KM, Chao LK, Wu CS, Ye ZS, Chen HC. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Analysis of Volatile Components in Peanut Oil. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113306. [PMID: 34072807 PMCID: PMC8197802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut oil is favored by consumers due to its rich nutritional value and unique flavor. This study used headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine the differences in the peanut oil aroma on the basis of variety, roasting temperatures, and pressing components. The results revealed that the optimal conditions for extracting peanut oil were achieved through the use of 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers at 60 °C for 50 min. The primary compounds present in peanut oil were pyrazines. When peanuts were roasted, the temperature raised from 120 °C to 140 °C and the content of aldehydes in peanut oil increased; however, the content of aldehydes in No. 9 oil at 160 °C decreased. The components of peanut shell oil varied depending on the peanut variety. The most marked difference was observed in terms of the main compound at the two roasting temperatures. This compound was a pyrazine, and the content increased with the roasting temperature in hekei oils. When the roasting temperature was lower, No. 9 oil contained more fatty acid oxidation products such as hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal. When the roasting temperature increased, No. 9 oil contained more furfural and 5-methylfurfural. Heren oil was easier to oxidize and produced nonanal that possessed a fatty aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Min Yang
- Department of Hospitality Management, Mingdao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan;
| | - Louis Kuoping Chao
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (L.K.C.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Chin-Sheng Wu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (L.K.C.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Zih-Sian Ye
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (L.K.C.); (C.-S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5306) (Z.-S.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5310) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-2236-8557 (H.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Chun Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; (L.K.C.); (C.-S.W.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-S.Y.); (H.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5306) (Z.-S.Y.); +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5310) (H.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-2236-8557 (H.-C.C.)
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11
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Bagherniya M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Regulation of Apolipoprotein B by Natural Products and Nutraceuticals: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1363-1406. [PMID: 32338202 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200427092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most important and the number one cause of mortality in both developing and industrialized nations. The co-morbidities associated with CVD are observed from infancy to old age. Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B) is the primary apolipoprotein and structural protein of all major atherogenic particles derived from the liver including Very-Low- Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Intermediate-density Lipoprotein (IDL), and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles. It has been suggested that measurement of the Apo B concentration is a superior and more reliable index for the prediction of CVD risk than is the measurement of LDL-C. Nutraceuticals and medicinal plants have attracted significant attention as it pertains to the treatment of non-communicable diseases, particularly CVD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The effect of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD, as well as some of its risk factors such as dyslipidemia, have been investigated previously. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of these natural products, including herbal supplements and functional foods (e.g. fruits and vegetables as either dry materials, or their extracts) on Apo B has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper was to review the effect of bioactive natural compounds on plasma Apo B concentrations. It is concluded that, in general, medicinal plants and nutraceuticals can be used as complementary medicine to reduce plasma Apo B levels in a safe, accessible, and inexpensive manner in an attempt to prevent and treat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Amiri M, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Sarrafzadegan N, Forbes SC, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effects of Canola oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2133-2145. [PMID: 33127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of CO on lipid profiles, apo-lipoproteins, glycemic indices, inflammation, and blood pressure compared to other edible oils in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Online databases were searched for articles up to January 2020. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. CO significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.27 mmol/l, n = 37), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.23 mmol/l, n = 35), LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL, -0.21, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.13, n = 15), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, -0.03 g/l, n = 14), and Apo B/Apo A-1 (-0.02, n = 6) compared to other edible oils (P < 0.05). Compared to olive oil, CO decreased TC (-0.23 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL-C (-0.17 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL/HDL (-0.39, n = 2), and triglycerides in VLDL (VLDL-TG, -0.10 mmol/l, n = 2) (P < 0.05). Compared to sunflower oil, CO improved LDL-C (-0.14 mmol/l, n = 11), and LDL/HDL (-0.30, n = 3) (P < 0.05). In comparison with saturated fats, CO improved TC (-0.59 mmol/l, n = 11), TG (-0.08 mmol/l, n = 11), LDL-C (-0.49 mmol/l, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.29, n = 5), and Apo B (-0.09 g/l, n = 4) (P < 0.05). Based on the nonlinear dose-response curve, replacing CO with ~15% of total caloric intake provided the greatest benefits. CONCLUSION CO significantly improved different cardiometabolic risk factors compared to other edible oils. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Choi E, Ahn S, Joung H. Association of Dietary Fatty Acid Consumption Patterns with Risk of Hyper-LDL Cholesterolemiain Korean Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1412. [PMID: 32422908 PMCID: PMC7284755 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the association between the risk of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (hyper-LDLC) and fatty acid consumption patterns (FACPs) using the data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) prospective cohort. A total of 6542 middle-aged Korean adults were included in the analysis. Four FACPs were identified through principal component analysis of the reported intakes of 34 fatty acids (FAs): "long-chain FA pattern"; "short & medium-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern"; "n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) pattern"; and "long-chain SFA pattern". The "long-chain SFA pattern" lowered the risk of hyper-LDLC (relative risk (RR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-0.94; p for trend, 0.004) and the "short & medium-chain SFA pattern" increased the risk of hyper-LDLC (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.32; p for trend = 0.004). In sex-stratified analyses, the associations of the "long-chain SFA pattern" (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.93; p for trend = 0.007) and the "short & medium-chain SFA pattern" (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.69; p for trend = 0.003) with the hyper-LDLC risk were observed only in men, but not in women. These results suggest that FACPs with a high intake of long-chain SFA or a low intake of short and medium-chain SFA may protect Korean adults from hyper-LDLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (E.C.); (S.A.)
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Yossa Nzeuwa IB, Xia H, Shi Y, Yang C, Shah MW, Guo B, Wang L, Sun G. Fatty acid and mineral contents of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and antioxidant activity against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1075-1081. [PMID: 32148816 PMCID: PMC7020293 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dried fruits of black goji were investigated for their fatty acid, mineral contents, and antioxidant activity against isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemia in mice was revealed. It was observed that the key fatty acids from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) oil studied included linoleic (59.38%), oleic (20.85%), palmitic (7.07%), linolenic (2.98%), and stearic acids (5.31%), which together comprised 95.59% of the total fatty acids. The key mineral nutrients studied were potassium (17,631.15 mg/kg), calcium (2004.4 mg/kg), and magnesium (1,274.6 mg/kg), while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were found in trace. Moreover, oral administration of water extraction of LRM exhibited significant reduction of enzyme activities, and MDA level triggered by ISO to be near normal level, while exhibited a significant increase of SOD and GSH activities. Our results provide deep insight on LRM as a potential source of high-value phytochemicals for the development of new functional food and beverage products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Belinda Yossa Nzeuwa
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneKey Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneKey Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and PharmacovigilanceMinistry of EducationChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneKey Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Muhammad Waseem Shah
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneKey Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Baofu Guo
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Liya Wang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina
| | - Guiju Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneKey Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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Cheng L, Zhu X, Hamaker BR, Zhang H, Campanella OH. Complexation process of amylose under different concentrations of linoleic acid using molecular dynamics simulation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Amiri M, Humphries KH, Salehi-Abargouei A. The Effect of Canola Oil on Body Weight and Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:419-432. [PMID: 30809634 PMCID: PMC6520036 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of canola oil (CO) on body composition in recent years; however, the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation aims to examine the effect of CO on body weight (BW) and body composition using a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to February, 2018 for randomized controlled clinical trials that examined the effect of CO on anthropometric measures and body composition indexes in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect of CO consumption on several outcomes: BW, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, android-to-gynoid ratio, and body lean and fat mass. In total, 25 studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that CO consumption reduces BW [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.30 kg; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.08 kg, P = 0.007; n = 23 effect sizes], particularly in participants with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -0.63 kg; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.17 kg, P = 0.007), in studies with a parallel design (WMD = -0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.14 kg, P = 0.006), in nonfeeding trials (WMD = -0.32 kg; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09 kg, P = 0.006), and when compared with saturated fat (WMD = -0.40 kg; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.06 kg, P = 0.019). CO consumption did not significantly affect any other anthropometric measures or body fat markers (P > 0.05). Although CO consumption results in a modest decrease in BW, no significant effect was observed on other adiposity indexes. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target BW and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Raeisi-Dehkordi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojgan Amiri
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Karin H Humphries
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Burak C, Wolffram S, Zur B, Langguth P, Fimmers R, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Egert S. Effect of alpha-linolenic acid in combination with the flavonol quercetin on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy, non-obese adults: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover trial. Nutrition 2019; 58:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Katsiki N, Pirro M, Banach M, Rasadi KA, Sahebkar A. Dietary natural products as emerging lipoprotein(a)-lowering agents. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12581-12594. [PMID: 30637725 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hitherto, niacin has been the drug of choice to reduce elevated Lp(a) levels in hyperlipidemic patients but its efficacy in reducing CVD outcomes has been seriously questioned by recent clinical trials. Additional drugs may reduce to some extent plasma Lp(a) levels but the lack of a specific therapeutic indication for Lp(a)-lowering limits profoundly reduce their use. An attractive therapeutic option is natural products. In several preclinical and clinical studies as well as meta-analyses, natural products, including l-carnitine, coenzyme Q 10 , and xuezhikang were shown to significantly decrease Lp(a) levels in patients with Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia. Other natural products, such as pectin, Ginkgo biloba, flaxseed, red wine, resveratrol and curcuminoids can also reduce elevated Lp(a) concentrations but to a lesser degree. In conclusion, aforementioned natural products may represent promising therapeutic agents for Lp(a) lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Khalid Al Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Olabiyi AA, Carvalho FB, Bottari NB, Morsch VM, Morel AF, Oboh G, Schetinger MR. Tiger nut and walnut extracts modulate extracellular metabolism of ATP and adenosine through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway in kidney slices. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:140-149. [PMID: 29747747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) and walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg.) have been reportedly used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, prevent heart attack and improve blood circulation, reduce serum cholesterol level as well as inhibit oxidation reactions. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of tiger nut and walnut hydro-alcoholic extracts on extracellular metabolism of ATP through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) in kidney slices. METHODS The plants were extracted for 24 h in 10 ml of 70% ethanol and 30% distilled water per gram milled material on a mechanical shaker and filtered using Whatman filter paper. The effect of the extracts on ecto-nucleotidases (NTPDase and 5' nucleotidase) and adenosine deaminase activities, nitrites and nitrates levels (NO, markers of NO production) as well as lipid and protein oxidation reactions in kidney slices were evaluated. Also, the phenolic components of the nut samples were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results revealed a protective effect of tiger nut and walnut on co-incubation with L-NAME of the enzyme activities, increased NO significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to the vehicle. L-NAME also increased the thiobabituric reactive substances but co-incubation with the extracts caused a significant reduction while protein oxidation across groups showed no significant difference when compared to the vehicle group. HPLC finger printing revealed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol as the most abundant phenolic compounds in tiger nut and walnut respectively. CONCLUSION Tiger nut and walnut extracts showed a protective effect on L-NAME induced kidney slices by reducing the activities of NTPDase (ATP as substrate) and adenosine deaminase, increased NO levels as well as prevent oxidative damage. The effect observed may be attributed to the phenolic compounds present in both nuts as depicted by HPLC finger printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano B Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ademir F Morel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Maria Rosa Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exacts Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Liu C, Shen L, Du J, Wu X, Luo J, Pu Q, Tan Z, Cheng X, Du J, Yang Q, Zhang S, Zhu L. The effect of lipid metabolism-related genes on intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in multiple muscles. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content (IMF) and fatty acid composition are two important factors that have a significant effect on meat quality. Previous studies about lipid deposition mainly focussed on breed effects, but the regulation mechanism of lipid metabolism among multiple muscles is not clear. Here, we hypothesised that there are correlations between lipid metabolism-related genes and muscle fibre types composition and lipid deposition in multiple muscles. We analysed the relationship between the expression of 18 lipid metabolism-related genes and muscle fibre types composition, and their relation with IMF and fatty acid composition in 14 different muscles. The IMF content and fatty acid composition were significantly different among the muscle tissues (P < 0.01). IMF was significantly higher in the trapezius and semitendinosus muscles compared with the others (P < 0.05); the content was about four times higher than that of the peroneal longus. Moreover, the trapezius and masseter had a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) : saturated fatty acid (SFA) (>1.48) (P < 0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) : SFA (>0.45) (P < 0.05), which are more conducive to human health. Second, the expression levels of seven genes, AdPLA (r = 0.605, P < 0.05), DGAT2 (r = 0.553, P < 0.05), FABP4 (r = 0.637, P < 0.05), ELOVL6 (r = 0.57, P < 0.05), FASN (r = 0.556, P < 0.05), PPARγ (r = –0.51, P < 0.05) and SCD (r = 0.579, P < 0.05) were associated with IMF. In addition, the expression of FASN was positively correlated with MUFA (r = 0.556, P < 0.05) and total fatty acids (r = 0.547, P < 0.05). Finally, the MyHC IIa content (IIa) was positively correlated with MUFA (r = 0.56, P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with SFA (r = –0.553, P < 0.05) in different muscles. Besides, MUFA : SFA was positively correlated with IIa (r = 0.609, P < 0.05), although negatively correlated with MyHC IIx content (IIx) (r = –0.566, P < 0.05). These results added beneficial information to improve meat quality, and our understanding of the mechanism of fat deposition and fatty acid composition regulation. They also provide potential genetic markers for the study of muscular fatty acid composition.
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Baker EJ, Miles EA, Burdge GC, Yaqoob P, Calder PC. Metabolism and functional effects of plant-derived omega-3 fatty acids in humans. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 64:30-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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The Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cold-Pressed and Distilled Essential Oils of Citrus paradisi and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:804091. [PMID: 26681970 PMCID: PMC4670656 DOI: 10.1155/2015/804091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and functional activities of cold-pressed and water distilled peel essential oils of Citrus paradisi (C. paradisi) and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (C. grandis) were investigated in present study. Yields of cold-pressed oils were much higher than those of distilled oils. Limonene was the primary ingredient of essential oils of C. paradisi (cold 92.83%; distilled 96.06%) and C. grandis (cold 32.63%; distilled 55.74%). In addition, C. grandis oils obtained were rich in oxygenated or nitrogenated compounds which may be involved in reducing cardiovascular diseases or enhancing sleep effectiveness. The order of free radical scavenging activities of 4 citrus oils was distilled C. paradisi oil > cold-pressed C. paradisi oil > distilled C. grandis oil > cold-pressed C. grandis oil. Cold-pressed C. grandis oil exhibited the lowest activity in all antioxidative assays. The order of antimicrobial activities of 4 citrus oils was distilled C. grandis oil, cold-pressed C. paradisi oil > distilled C. paradisi oil > cold-pressed C. paradisi oil. Surprisingly, distilled C. grandis oil exhibited better antimicrobial activities than distilled C. paradisi oil, especially against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. The results also indicated that the antimicrobial activities of essential oils may not relate to their antioxidative activities.
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Zhang A, Liu X, Wang G, Wang H, Liu J, Zhao W, Zhang Y. Crude Fat Content and Fatty Acid Profile and Their Correlations in Foxtail Millet. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-14-0252-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- Minor Cereal Crops Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, China
| | - Jingke Liu
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- Minor Cereal Crops Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- Minor Cereal Crops Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
| | - Yuzong Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
- Minor Cereal Crops Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, China
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Attard TM, McElroy CR, Hunt AJ. Economic Assessment of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Waxes as Part of a Maize Stover Biorefinery. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17546-64. [PMID: 26263976 PMCID: PMC4581208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To date limited work has focused on assessing the economic viability of scCO2 extraction to obtain waxes as part of a biorefinery. This work estimates the economic costs for wax extraction from maize stover. The cost of manufacture (COM) for maize stover wax extraction was found to be € 88.89 per kg of wax, with the fixed capital investment (FCI) and utility costs (CUT) contributing significantly to the COM. However, this value is based solely on scCO2 extraction of waxes and does not take into account the downstream processing of the biomass following extraction. The cost of extracting wax from maize stover can be reduced by utilizing pelletized leaves and combusting the residual biomass to generate electricity. This would lead to an overall cost of € 10.87 per kg of wax (based on 27% combustion efficiency for electricity generation) and €4.56 per kg of wax (based on 43% combustion efficiency for electricity generation). A sensitivity analysis study showed that utility costs (cost of electricity) had the greatest effect on the COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Attard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Con Robert McElroy
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Andrew J Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Effect of the refining process on Moringa oleifera seed oil quality. Food Chem 2015; 187:53-7. [PMID: 25976997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of the oil extracted from the seeds of Moringa oleifera during its refining process. Refining is accomplished in three stages: neutralization, degumming, and bleaching. Four samples were analyzed, corresponding to each step of the processed and crude oil. Increases in the density, viscosity, saponification value and oxidation of the oil were detected during the refining, while the peroxide value and carotenoid content diminished. Moreover, the refractive index and iodine content were stable throughout the refining. Nine fatty acids were detected in all four samples, and there were no significant differences in their composition. Oleic acid was found in the largest amount, followed by palmitic acid and behenic acid. The crude, neutralized, and degummed oils showed high primary oxidation stability, while the bleached oil had a low incidence of secondary oxidation.
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26
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Kim KB, Nam YA, Kim HS, Hayes AW, Lee BM. α-Linolenic acid: nutraceutical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluation. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:163-78. [PMID: 24859185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA), a carboxylic acid with 18 carbons and three cis double bonds, is an essential fatty acid needed for human health and can be acquired via regular dietary intake of foods that contain ALA or dietary supplementation of foods high in ALA, for example flaxseed. ALA has been reported to have cardiovascular-protective, anti-cancer, neuro-protective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects. ALA is the precursor of longer chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but its beneficial effects on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are still inconclusive. The recommended intake of ALA for cardiovascular health is reported to be 1.1-2.2g/day. Although there are limited toxicological data for ALA, no serious adverse effects have been reported. The evidence on an increased prostate cancer risk in association with dietary ALA is not conclusive. Based on the limited data currently available, it may be concluded that ALA may be beneficial as a nutraceutical/pharmaceutical candidate and is safe for use as a food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Nam
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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Ruiz-Núñez B, Kuipers RS, Luxwolda MF, De Graaf DJ, Breeuwsma BB, Dijck-Brouwer DJ, Muskiet FA. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) status and SFA intake exhibit different relations with serum total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol: a mechanistic explanation centered around lifestyle-induced low-grade inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Hussain S, Anjum F, Alamri M, Mohamed A, Nadeem M. Functional flaxseed in baking. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hussain
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - F.M. Anjum
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, P.O. Box 38040, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M.S. Alamri
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.A. Mohamed
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Nadeem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, P.O. Box 38040, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Sato A, Nakashima Y. Rats allowed to self-select zinc-deficient lard and fish-oil diets did not develop a preference for fish-oil diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:156-61. [PMID: 21697635 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn)-deficiency causes a reduction in food intake and alters adipose metabolism. The effect of zinc restriction in rats on the selection of fish-oil and lard was studied during a period of reduced appetite. The reduction of appetite was caused by an experimentally induced Zn-deficiency. Four-week-old male rats were divided into three dietary treatment groups: Zn-adequate (ZnA, 30.9 mg Zn/kg), marginal Zn-deficient (ZnM, 5.9 mg Zn/kg) or Zn-deficient (ZnD, 0.9 mg Zn/kg). The three groups were placed on a self-selection regimen of the ZnA-fish-oil diet (ZnA-FD) and the ZnA-lard diet (ZnA-LD), the ZnM-FD and the ZnM-LD or the ZnD-FD and the ZnD-LD, respectively for 24 d. The amount of the FD intake in the ZnD group decreased to 0.5 g/d after day 4-6 of self-selecting on the LD and the FD and no significant increase in the FD intake in the group was observed during the self-selection period. However, after day 7-9 and 13-15, the FD intake of the ZnA and the ZnM groups increased, respectively, and at the end of the self-selection period the ZnM and the ZnA rats consumed about 2.0 g FD/d and 4.5 g FD/d, respectively. The FD intake ratio [FD intake (g)/total intake (g)] in the ZnD rats during the self-selection period was the lowest and that in the ZnA rats was the highest of three groups. In conclusion, we showed that zinc status alters fish-oil and lard selection patterns and ZnD rats did not show a preference for fish-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akie Sato
- Department of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University, 550 Iwase, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Flax oil-mediated activation of PPAR-γ correlates with reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation in obese spontaneously hypertensive/NDmcr-cp rats, a model of the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1313-21. [PMID: 20546645 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Flax oil feeding has been proposed to have beneficial effects on the outcome of the metabolic syndrome due to the high n-3 fatty acid content of flax oil; however, the mechanisms of its action remain largely unknown. We investigated the effects of flax oil feeding on hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)/NDmcr-cp rats, a genetic model of the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic gene expression of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c was also assessed in order to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Obese and lean SHR/NDmcr-cp rats were fed high-fat diets enriched with either lard or flax oil for a period of 4 weeks. Obese rats exhibited higher body weight, liver weight and mesenteric fat-, epididymal fat- and renal fat-pad weights, and also TAG and cholesterol concentrations in serum and VLDL, LDL and HDL fractions, when compared with the lean rats (P < 0·001), irrespective of the diets. Concentrations of fasting serum insulin and urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were lower in flax oil-fed obese (FO) rats compared with the lard-fed obese (LO) rats (P < 0·01). Flax oil feeding also revealed a significant reduction in hepatic TAG and cholesterol concentrations in obese rats compared with the LO rats (P < 0·05). In addition, FO rats exhibited significantly higher hepatic mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, which negatively correlated (r - 0·98, P < 0·05) with their hepatic lipid levels. These findings suggest that flax oil feeding may activate PPAR-γ-dependent pathways to alter the hepatic lipid metabolism and to increase insulin sensitivity in the obese SHR/NDmcr-cp rats.
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31
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Nakashima Y, Sato A, Saito M. Effect of plant- and fish-oil derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on counteraction of n-3 fatty acid shortage in adult rats fed a lard diet. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:346-52. [PMID: 19763036 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
These studies aimed to compare the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)+eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on plasma-lipid concentrations and preferential fat intake of rats fed a lard diet (LD). Each of 2 groups of 4-wk-old male rats was used in studies 1 and 2. In studies 1 and 2, two groups of rats received the LD (LD group) and the fish-oil diet (FD; FD group), and the LD and the perilla-oil diet (PD; PD group), respectively (dietary treatment period). After 6 wk, 6 rats per group were sacrificed. The remaining rats in studies 1 and 2 were placed on a self-selection regimen of the LD and the FD, and the LD and the PD, respectively, for 3 wk (self-selection period). After the dietary treatment period, plasma lipid concentrations in the FD group were lower than those in the LD group. However, no significant difference in the concentrations was observed between the LD group and the PD group. At the beginning of the self-selection period, the ratio of the FD intake of the LD group was higher than that of the FD group. As the the ratio of the LD group decreased and that of the FD group increased no significant difference in the ratio was observed after the 9th day during the self-selection period. No significant difference in the ratio of the PD intake was observed between the LD group and the PD group during the self-selection period. Thus, although the FD decreased plasma lipid concentration and increased the preferential FD intake of the LD group at the beginning of the self-selection period, the PD did not. Our studies clearly show that dietary EPA+DHA and ALA have different physiologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakashima
- Department of Human Nutrition, Seitoku University, Iwase, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Legrand P, Schmitt B, Mourot J, Catheline D, Chesneau G, Mireaux M, Kerhoas N, Weill P. The Consumption of Food Products from Linseed-Fed Animals Maintains Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Obese Humans. Lipids 2009; 45:11-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Harland JI. An assessment of the economic and heart health benefits of replacing saturated fat in the diet with monounsaturates in the form of rapeseed (canola) oil. NUTR BULL 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-3010.2009.01756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Plat J, Mensink R. Dietary Fats and Coronary Heart Disease. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420046649.ch22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Lam CK, Chen J, Cao Y, Yang L, Wong YM, Yeung SYV, Yao X, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Conjugated and non-conjugated octadecaenoic acids affect differently intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Atherosclerosis 2007; 198:85-93. [PMID: 18078940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relative hypocholesterolemic activity of linoleic acid (LA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alpha-linolenic acid (LN) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) in hamsters. Five groups of hamsters (n=10 each) were fed either the control diet or one of the four fatty acids-supplemented diets for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated that the four octadecaenoic acids decreased plasma cholesterol differently, with CLA being the most effective. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the four octadecaenoic acids had no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), liver X receptor (LXR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase (HMGR), LDL receptor (LDLR), and cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). However, the four octadecaenoic acids increased the excretion of fecal neutral sterols with CLA being most effective followed by LN, LA and CLN, suggesting they all differentially affect cholesterol absorption. Dietary CLA was associated with the least intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity followed by LN, LA and CLN in a decreasing trend. Since esterification of cholesterol is catalyzed by intestinal ACAT, and is a rate-limiting step in cholesterol absorption, it was concluded that the varying effects of CLA, LN, LA and CLN on blood cholesterol were mediated, at least in part, by their inhibition on intestinal ACAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Kai Lam
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme of Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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37
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Burdge GC, Calder PC. Dietary α-linolenic acid and health-related outcomes: a metabolic perspective. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 19:26-52. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr2005113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (αLNA; 18: 3n-3) is essential in the human diet, probably because it is the substrate for the synthesis of longer-chain, more unsaturatedn-3 fatty acids, principally EPA (20: 5n-3) and DHA (22: 6n-3), which confer important biophysical properties on cell membranes and so are required for tissue function. The extent to which this molecular transformation occurs in man is controversial. The present paper reviews the recent literature on the metabolism of αLNA in man, including the use of dietary αLNA in β-oxidation, recycling of carbon by fatty acid synthesisde novoand conversion to longer-chain PUFA. Sex differences in αLNA metabolism and the possible biological consequences are discussed. Increased consumption of EPA and DHA in fish oil has a number of well-characterised beneficial effects on health. The present paper also reviews the efficacy of increased αLNA consumption in increasing the concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood and cell lipid pools, and the extent to which such dietary interventions might be protective against CVD and inflammation. Although the effects on CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers are variable, where beneficial effects have been reported these are weaker than have been achieved from increasing consumption of EPA+DHA or linoleic acid. Overall, the limited capacity for conversion to longer-chainn-3 fatty acids, and the lack of efficacy in ameliorating CVD risk factors and inflammatory markers in man suggests that increased consumption of αLNA may be of little benefit in altering EPA+DHA status or in improving health outcomes compared with other dietary interventions.
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Griffin BA, Zampelas A. Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on the Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 8:1-26. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr19950004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yang L, Leung KY, Cao Y, Huang Y, Ratnayake WMN, Chen ZY. α-Linolenic acid but not conjugated linolenic acid is hypocholesterolaemic in hamsters. Br J Nutr 2007; 93:433-8. [PMID: 15946404 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) refers to a group of octadecatrienoic acid isomers that have three double bonds in conjugation. Both pomegranate and tung seed oils are rich in CLN but the major isomer in the former iscis9,trans11,cis13 while in the latter it iscis9,trans11,trans13. The present study examined the effects of CLN, isolated from either pomegranate seed oil or tung seed oil, and α-linolenic acid (LN), isolated from flaxseed oil, on serum cholesterol levels in male hamsters (body weight 105 g; age 10 weeks) fed a 0.1 % cholesterol and 10 % lard diet, for a period of 6 weeks. All hamsters were allowed free access to food and fluid. The blood samples were taken by bleeding from the retro-orbital sinus into a heparinized capillary tube under light ether anaesthesia after overnight fasting at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6. It was found that supplementation of CLN at levels of 12.2–12.7 g/kg diet exhibited no significant effect on serum cholesterol level while LN at a similar level of supplementation had serum cholesterol reduced by 17–21 % compared with the control diet containing no LN and CLN. Supplementation of CLN and LN significantly decreased hepatic cholesterol but no effect was observed on heart and kidney cholesterol levels. It was concluded that LN possessed hypocholesterolaemic activity while CLN had no effect on blood cholesterol, at least in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Henan Normal University, China
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40
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Attar-Bashi NM, Weisinger RS, Begg DP, Li D, Sinclair AJ. Failure of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation to enhance biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in healthy human volunteers. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:121-30. [PMID: 17275274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rate-limiting step in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) formation from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) involves peroxisomal oxidation of 24:6n-3 to DHA. The aim of the study was to determine whether conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) would enhance conversion of ALA to DHA in humans on an ALA-supplemented diet. The subjects (n=8 per group) received daily supplementation of ALA (11g) and either CLA (3.2g) or placebo for 8 weeks. At baseline, 4 and 8 weeks, blood was collected for plasma fatty acid analysis and a number of physiological measures were examined. The ALA-supplemented diet increased plasma levels of ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The addition of CLA to the ALA diet resulted in increased plasma levels of CLA, as well as ALA and EPA. Plasma level of DHA was not increased with either the ALA alone or ALA plus CLA supplementation. The results demonstrated that CLA was not effective in enhancing DHA levels in plasma in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Attar-Bashi
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Vijaimohan K, Jainu M, Sabitha KE, Subramaniyam S, Anandhan C, Shyamala Devi CS. Beneficial effects of alpha linolenic acid rich flaxseed oil on growth performance and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed rats. Life Sci 2006; 79:448-54. [PMID: 16490217 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil (FO), rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3 n-3) on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of rats fed with high fat diet. High fat diet (HFD) resulted in significant alterations in hepatic lipids, increase in body weight gain and negative effect on lipoprotein metabolism. FO supplementation significantly lowered the increase in body weight gain, liver weight, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratio in HFD fed rats. FO significantly reduced the hepatic and plasma lipid levels indicating its hypolipidemic activity. On the other hand, oral administration of FO exhibited lower plasma lipoprotein profile as compared to HFD rats. Hepatic protection by FO is further substantiated by the normal liver histological findings in HFD fed rats. These data suggest that FO participate in the normal regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. No adverse effect of FO on growth parameters and plasma lipids in rats fed with fat-free diet. The results of the present study demonstrate that FO may be developed as a useful therapy for hyperlipidemia through reducing hepatic lipids, thereby proving its hypolipidemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijaimohan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai-600 025, India.
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Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is described as an anticancer, tonic, blood purifier, and detoxifier agent. It is said that nuts have favorable fatty acids and nutrients. This study was performed to determine the lipid-lowering properties of walnut in a population in Shiraz, Southern Iran. In a randomized case-control study, 52 volunteers were divided into 2 groups: Group A consumed walnuts, 20 grams per day for 8 weeks and the control group (group B) consumed no walnuts. Triglycerides, total high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were checked for each subject prior to, after 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks after the beginning of the study. In group A, the mean plasma TG level dropped by 17.1% from the baseline and HDL cholesterol also increased significantly by 9%. It was shown that frequent consumption of nuts in the daily diet was associated with a potentially decreased risk of coronary artery disease by decreasing the level of triglyceride and increasing the level of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zibaeenezhad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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43
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Bavelaar FJ, van der Kuilen J, Hovenier R, Lemmens AG, Beynen AC. Plasma lipids and fatty acid composition in parrots in relation to the intake of alpha-linolenic acid from two feed mixtures. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2005; 89:359-66. [PMID: 16138866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to find out whether the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in plasma cholesteryl-esters (CE) or triglycerides (TG) in parrots might serve as an index of ALA intake. The intake of ALA might be a risk factor for atherosclerosis, but on the basis of the fatty acid composition of seed mixtures the intake is difficult to assess due to selective eating of seeds. Parrots were fed two seed mixtures that differed in ALA content according to a cross over design. The macronutrient composition of the diets supplied differed from that of the diets consumed. The diets consumed had higher levels of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and energy, and lower levels of crude fibre and crude ash. The ALA content, expressed as g/kg diet, was similar for the diet supplied and that consumed, irrespective of the type of diet. The diets had no systematic effect on plasma lipid concentrations. There were marked differences in plasma cholesterol concentrations between parrot species. When the diet with the low ALA content was fed (0.8% ALA of total fatty acids consumed, 1.1 g ALA/kg of diet consumed), the plasma CE and TG did not contain detectable ALA amounts. When the diet with the high ALA content was fed (4.2% ALA of total fatty acids consumed, 6.1 g ALA/kg of diet consumed), the plasma CE and TG contained about 1% ALA of total fatty acids. It is suggested that the content of ALA in plasma CE and TG might be used as an indicator of ALA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bavelaar
- Department of Nutrition, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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44
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Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have established that the n-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), and the n-3 fatty acids, linolenic acid (LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) collectively protect against coronary heart disease (CHD). LA is the major dietary fatty acid regulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C metabolism by downregulating LDL-C production and enhancing its clearance. Further, the available mass of LA is a critical factor determining the hyperlipemic effects of other dietary fat components, such as saturated and trans fatty acids, as well as cholesterol. By contrast, n-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are potent antiarryhthmic agents. EPA and DHA also improve vascular endothelial function and help lower blood pressure, platelet sensitivity, and the serum triglyceride level. The distinct functions of these two families make the balance between dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids an important consideration influencing cardiovascular health. Based on published literature describing practical dietary intakes, we suggest that consumption of ~6% en LA, 0.75% en LNA, and 0.25% en EPA + DHA represents adequate and achievable intakes for most healthy adults. This corresponds to an n-6/n-3 ratio of ~6:1. However, the absolute mass of essential fatty acids consumed, rather than their n-6/n-3 ratio, should be the first consideration when contemplating lifelong dietary habits affecting cardiovascular benefit from their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasuki Wijendran
- Foster Biomedical Research Lab, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a common disease in parrots. The disease is found in all common parrot species, but especially in African Grey parrots and Amazons. It is a disease of older birds that is seen in both males and females. The most common sign is sudden death, but clinical symptoms that can be found include dyspnea, lethargy and nervous signs, such as paresis and collapses. Because the clinical signs are seldomly seen, it is difficult to diagnose atherosclerosis and therefore it is mostly an unexpected finding at necropsy. Age and species are determinants of atherosclerosis in parrots. Suggested risk factors include an elevated plasma cholesterol level, diet composition, social stress and inactivity, but research is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bavelaar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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46
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Zibaeenezhad MJ, Rezaiezadeh M, Mowla A, Ayatollahi SMT, Panjehshahin MR. Antihypertriglyceridemic effect of walnut oil. Angiology 2003; 54:411-4. [PMID: 12934760 DOI: 10.1177/000331970305400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor of coronary heart diseases. So far, several studies, have indicated the beneficial effects of nuts on plasma lipid profile. Previously, in a pilot study the authors have shown that administration of 20 g/day of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) for 8 weeks could decrease plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration by 17% (p value < 0.05). Walnut also increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol level markedly (p value < 0.05). To make the measurements more reliable and to avoid the unwanted walnut side effects (eg, rash, pruritus), this randomized, double blind case-control study was conducted to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Persian walnut oil in the population of southern Iran. Sixty hyperlipidemic subjects were randomized into 2 groups; group A patients (n = 29) received walnut oil encapsulated in 500 mg capsules, 3 g/day, for 45 days. Group B patients (n = 31) received placebo and served as the control group. Lipid profiles of both groups were checked before; on days 15, 30, and 45 after the beginning; and 15 days after termination of the study. Plasma TG concentrations decreased by 19% to 33% of baseline in group A patients (p value < 0.05). No statistically significant change was observed in other measured parameters. It was concluded that walnut oil is a good antihypertriglyceridemic natural remedy and should be further explored in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zibaeenezhad
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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47
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Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester ADM, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:1146-55. [PMID: 12716665 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1677] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of dietary fats on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) have traditionally been estimated from their effects on LDL cholesterol. Fats, however, also affect HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol is a more specific marker of CAD than is LDL cholesterol. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of individual fatty acids on the ratis of total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipoproteins. DESIGN We performed a meta-analysis of 60 selected trials and calculated the effects of the amount and type of fat on total:HDL cholesterol and on other lipids. RESULTS The ratio did not change if carbohydrates replaced saturated fatty acids, but it decreased if cis unsaturated fatty acids replaced saturated fatty acids. The effect on total:HDL cholesterol of replacing trans fatty acids with a mix of carbohydrates and cis unsaturated fatty acids was almost twice as large as that of replacing saturated fatty acids. Lauric acid greatly increased total cholesterol, but much of its effect was on HDL cholesterol. Consequently, oils rich in lauric acid decreased the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol. Myristic and palmitic acids had little effect on the ratio, and stearic acid reduced the ratio slightly. Replacing fats with carbohydrates increased fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The effects of dietary fats on total:HDL cholesterol may differ markedly from their effects on LDL. The effects of fats on these risk markers should not in themselves be considered to reflect changes in risk but should be confirmed by prospective observational studies or clinical trials. By that standard, risk is reduced most effectively when trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids are replaced with cis unsaturated fatty acids. The effects of carbohydrates and of lauric acid-rich fats on CAD risk remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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48
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Finnegan YE, Minihane AM, Leigh-Firbank EC, Kew S, Meijer GW, Muggli R, Calder PC, Williams CM. Plant- and marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have differential effects on fasting and postprandial blood lipid concentrations and on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in moderately hyperlipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77:783-95. [PMID: 12663273 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/77.4.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) can be converted to long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in humans and may reproduce some of the beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of increased dietary intakes of ALA and EPA+DHA on a range of atherogenic risk factors. DESIGN This was a placebo-controlled, parallel study involving 150 moderately hyperlipidemic subjects randomly assigned to 1 of 5 interventions: 0.8 or 1.7 g EPA+DHA/d, 4.5 or 9.5 g ALA/d, or an n-6 PUFA control for 6 mo. Fatty acids were incorporated into 25 g of fat spread and 3 capsules to be consumed daily. RESULTS The change in fasting or postprandial lipid, glucose, or insulin concentrations or in blood pressure was not significantly different after any of the n-3 PUFA interventions compared with the n-6 PUFA control. The mean (+/- SEM) change in fasting triacylglycerols after the 1.7-g/d EPA+DHA intervention (-7.7 +/- 4.99%) was significantly (P < 0.05) different from the change after the 9.5-g/d ALA intervention (10.9 +/- 4.5%). The ex vivo susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was higher after the 1.7-g/d EPA+DHA intervention than after the control and ALA interventions (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations or in whole plasma antioxidant status in any of the groups. CONCLUSION At estimated biologically equivalent intakes, dietary ALA and EPA+DHA have different physiologic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne E Finnegan
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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49
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Mukherjee PK. Plant products with hypocholesterolemic potentials. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2003; 47:277-338. [PMID: 14639785 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(03)47005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Product Studies Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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50
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Bhathena SJ, Ali AA, Mohamed AI, Hansen CT, Velasquez MT. Differential effects of dietary flaxseed protein and soy protein on plasma triglyceride and uric acid levels in animal models. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:684-689. [PMID: 12550066 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary soy protein and flaxseed meal on metabolic parameters was studied in two animal models, F344 rats with normal lipid levels and obese SHR/N-cp rats with elevated levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. The rats were fed AIN 93 diet differing only in the source of protein. The rats were fed either 20% casein, 20% soy protein or 20% flaxseed meal. Plasma was analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and total protein. In both strains of rats, flaxseed meal significantly decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The effect of soy protein on lipids was not as striking as that of flaxseed meal. Flaxseed meal also lowered uric acid in F344 rats and BUN in SHR/N-cp rats. Since cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, our data show that both flaxseed meal and soy protein may have beneficial effects. Which chemical constituent(s) of flaxseed meal or soybean is (are) responsible for the beneficial effects need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J. Bhathena
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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