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Garousi N, Tamizifar B, Pourmasoumi M, Feizi A, Askari G, Clark CCT, Entezari MH. Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet vs. standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:975-983. [PMID: 33689525 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1890128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LOV-D) vs. a standard weight-loss diet (SWL-D) on obese/overweight adults with NAFLD. Present randomised clinical trial recruited 75 overweight/obese adults with NAFLD, who were randomly assigned into LOV-D and SWL-D groups for 3 months. The LOV-D was designed based on eliminating meat, poultry, and fish; while including dairy products and eggs. The SWL-D was planned according to the standard food pyramid, which was free in all sources of food. Adherence to LOV-D significantly outperformed SWL-D in reducing levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body weight, waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood sugar, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Furthermore, ultrasonography revealed a higher alleviation in NAFLD grade among LOV-D, compared with SWL-D. This study suggests that adherence to LOV-D for 3 months has beneficial effects on NAFLD improvement, anthropometric measures, glycaemic-related markers, and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Garousi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Tamizifar
- Gastroenterlogy and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food Security and Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zare M, Shateri Z, Nouri M, Sarbakhsh P, Eftekhari MH, Pourghassem Gargari B. Association between urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and F 2a-isoprostane in male football players and healthy non-athlete controls with dietary inflammatory and antioxidant indices. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1101532. [PMID: 36761985 PMCID: PMC9902597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The relationship between the inflammatory and antioxidant potential of an athlete's diet and their oxidative biomarkers is an important area of investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the excretion of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and F2alpha-isoprostane (F2a-IP) in the urine of male football players and healthy non-athlete controls. This study also aimed to examine the associations among the dietary inflammatory index (DII), the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), and the dietary phytochemical index (PI) with 8-OHdG and F2a-IP. Methods In this descriptive-analytical study, 45 male football players and 45 healthy non-athletes, who were individually matched based on age and body mass index (BMI), were recruited from Shiraz City, Iran. Fasted urine samples were analyzed for 8-OHdG and F2a-IP levels. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and body composition was assessed using a body composition analyzer. A valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate DII, DTAC, and PI scores. Data analysis was conducted using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. Results We found that 8-OHdG (β = -6.96), F2a-IP (β = -82.58), and DII (β = -2.06) were significantly lower, while DTAC (β = 2.37) and PI (β = 0.084) were significantly higher in the football player group compared with the non-athlete group (P < 0.001 for all variables). In all participants, dietary indices were significantly associated with oxidative biomarkers. DII was positively associated with 8-OHdG (β = 2.25; P < 0.001) and F2a-IP (β = 38.34; P < 0.001). Furthermore, negative associations between DTAC (β = -1.42; P < 0.001) and PI (β = -35.37; P < 0.001) with 8-OHdG were found. Moreover, DTAC (β = -17.34; P < 0.001) and PI (β = -428.11; P = 0.003) were negatively associated with F2a-IP. Conclusion The results of this study highlighted the importance of a healthy diet in reducing oxidative stress among football athletes. The levels of urinary biomarkers for DNA and lipid oxidation were found to be lower in football players compared to non-athletes. This suggests that following an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich diet may help reduce oxidative stress in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zare
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,*Correspondence: Bahram Pourghassem Gargari ✉ ; ✉
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Moheimani RS, Kajbaf J, Chang Chien GC. Patient Factors Affecting Regenerative Medicine Outcomes. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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4
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Tel Adıgüzel K, Yurdakul FG, Kürklü NS, Yaşar E, Bodur H. Relationship between diet, oxidative stress, and inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 37:1-10. [PMID: 35949875 PMCID: PMC9326390 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2022.9015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between disease activity, dietary phytochemical index (DPI), and serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Patients and methods: Between August 2020 and January 2021, a total of 37 patients (23 males, 14 females; mean age: 39.3±9.4 years; range, 21 to 61 years) with AS and 36 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals (24 males, 12 females; mean age: 37.9±8.9 years; range, 20 to 60 years) were included. Serum TAS (μmoLTroloxEq/L) and TOS (μmoL H2O2Eq/L) measurements were performed and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Dietary evaluation was made from a one-day dietary record and DPI was calculated.
Results: Serum TAS level in AS patients was significantly lower than the healthy group (p=0.003). Serum TOS level was similar in both groups. The OSI of patients was significantly higher than the controls (p=0.035). The mean DPI, polyunsaturated fatty acid, n-3 fatty acid, and vitamin C intake of patients were significantly lower than controls (p=0.042, p=0.033, and p=0.022, respectively). A moderate positive correlation was found between the TAS level and DPI of the control group (r=0.352, p=0.035). According to medications, no significant difference was seen between the groups in terms of patients’ characteristics, DPI, and laboratory tests and there was no correlation between DPI, TAS, TOS, and OSI.
Conclusion: Lower DPI and lower n-3 fatty acid and vitamin C intake in patient group demonstrated that patients with AS should pay more attention to their diet to increase serum antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Tel Adıgüzel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gül Yurdakul
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara City Hospital, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Seremet Kürklü
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yaşar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Gülhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara,Turkey
| | - Hatice Bodur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Rigi S, Mousavi SM, Shakeri F, Keshteli AH, Benisi-Kohansal S, Saadatnia M, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary phytochemical index in relation to risk of stroke: a case-control study. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2239-2246. [PMID: 34311680 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1954291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM No study explores the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with stroke. This study was undertaken to obtain the required insight in this regard in Iranian adults. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 195 stroke patients (diagnosed based on clinical and brained CT findings) and 195 control subjects with no history of cerebrovascular diseases or neurologic disorders). Data collection on dietary intakes was done using a 168-item validated FFQ. DPI was calculated using the McCarty equation. Logistic regression model in different models was used to evaluate the association between DPI and stroke. RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 64.8 years, and 53.4% of them were male. Individuals in the highest tertile of DPI were younger (63 ± 11 vs. 67.4 ± 13 y, P = 0.01) and less likely to be physically active (2804 ± 5714 vs. 4772 ± 11912 M, P = 0.03). After adjustment for potential confounders, no significant relationship was observed between DPI and stroke risk (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.39-1.49). However, when we considered the effect of dietary intakes, subjects in the top tertile of DPI were 61% less likely to have a stroke than those in the bottom tertile (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16-0.95). When BMI was controlled, the association between DPI and stroke became strengthened (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12-0.86). CONCLUSION We found evidence indicating a significant inverse association between DPI and odds of stroke in adults. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Shakeri
- Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Benisi-Kohansal
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadatnia
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Salahshoor MR, Jalili C, Rashidi I, Roshankhah S, Jalili F. Protective Effect of Genistein on the Morphine-Induced Kidney Disorders in Male Mice. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Craddock JC, Neale EP, Peoples GE, Probst YC. Plant‐based eating patterns and endurance performance: A focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and immune responses. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Craddock
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - E. P. Neale
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - G. E. Peoples
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Y. C. Probst
- Faculty of Science Medicine and Health School of Medicine University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
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8
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Lin TJ, Tang SC, Liao PY, Dongoran RA, Yang JH, Liu CH. A comparison of L-carnitine and several cardiovascular-related biomarkers between healthy vegetarians and omnivores. Nutrition 2019; 66:29-37. [PMID: 31202134 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A plant-based diet has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This study aimed to determine the levels and correlations of CV-related biomarkers and the beneficial role of dietary habits. METHODS A total of 63 healthy vegetarians (n = 32) and omnivores (n = 31) were recruited. The baseline characteristics were recorded and measured (including lipid profiles, blood glucose, etc.). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven circulating CV-related biomarkers. RESULTS L-carnitine (L-Car), L-methionine, and ascorbic acid (AA) were significantly higher in vegetarians than in omnivores. In the vegetarians, L-Car had a negative correlation with triacylglycerols (P = 0.042) and blood glucose (P = 0.048) and a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.049). L-Car was also positively correlated with L-lysine (P = 0.009), L-methionine (P = 0.006), and AA (P = 0.035). The vegetarians' AA also had a negative correlation with L-homocysteine (P = 0.028). In the omnivores, L-Car was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (P = 0.008), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.038). Omnivores' body mass index was positively correlated with L-homocysteine (P = 0.033), and age was positively correlated with trimethylamine N-oxide (P < 0.001) and blood glucose (P = 0.007), but not in vegetarians. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that vegetarians have an elevated level of L-Car, which might be associated with endogenous biosynthesis and diet composition. Circulating L-Car might play an important role in CV protection, especially in vegetarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Lin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Chung Tang
- Department of Nursing, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Rachmad Anres Dongoran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; National Agency of Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Jen-Hung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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9
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Craddock JC, Neale EP, Peoples GE, Probst YC. Vegetarian-Based Dietary Patterns and their Relation with Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:433-451. [PMID: 30947338 PMCID: PMC6520040 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns with substantial proportions of energy from plant sources have been associated with favorable biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Less is known of the relation between vegetarian-based dietary patterns and markers of inflammation and immune status. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relation between vegetarian-based dietary patterns and inflammatory and immune markers (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor α, fibrinogen, natural killer cells, leukocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, interleukins, and immunoglobulins). PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane scientific databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to assess the weighted mean differences (WMDs) for each outcome variable between vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups. Thirty observational and 10 intervention studies were included in the review. Pooled effects of vegetarian-based dietary patterns were associated with significantly lower concentrations of CRP (WMD: -0.61 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.32 mg/L; P = 0.0001), fibrinogen (WMD: -0.22 g/L; 95% CI: -0.41, -0.04 mg/L; P = 0.02), and total leukocyte (WMD: -0.62 × 10(3)/μL; 95% CI -1.13 × 10(3), -0.10 × 10(3)/μL; P = 0.02) compared with those following non-vegetarian dietary patterns in observational studies. Insufficient data were identified for a meta-analysis of intervention studies. This study provides evidence that vegetarian-based dietary patterns are associated with lowered serum C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and total leukocyte concentrations. Future research should focus on large-scale intervention trials, contrasting differences in inflammation and immune status and function between vegetarian and non-vegetarian-based populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Craddock
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Address correspondence to JCC (e-mail: )
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory E Peoples
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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10
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Abshirini M, Mahaki B, Bagheri F, Siassi F, Koohdani F, Sotoudeh G. Higher Intake of Phytochemical-Rich Foods is Inversely Related to Prediabetes: A Case-Control Study. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:64. [PMID: 30147853 PMCID: PMC6085832 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_145_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has introduced as an inexpensive method for quantifying the phytochemicals in foods. For the first time, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between DPI and the risk of prediabetes. Methods Three hundred participants were assigned to 150 prediabetics (cases) and 150 healthy (controls) groups. Anthropometric values, fasting blood glucose, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. The DPI was calculated based on data collected from 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Results The sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI was inversely related to fasting blood glucose (FBG) and OGTT (P < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) of prediabetes was assessed across sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles. After adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, education, dietary intake of energy, fiber, carbohydrate (% of energy), fat (% of energy), and protein (% of energy), the OR of prediabetes across the sex-specific energy-adjusted DPI quartiles decreased significantly (P-trend < 0.001). Conclusions We found that higher DPI score is related to lower prediabetes OR. This simple method may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abshirini
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ohira T, Iso H, Yamagishi K, Tamakoshi A. Fish Intake and Death From Pulmonary Embolisms Among Japanese Men and Women - The Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study. Circ J 2018; 82:2063-2070. [PMID: 29952347 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the association of cardiovascular risk factors with pulmonary embolism (PE), but the association of dietary factors, especially fish intake, with the risk of PE has not been fully established.Methods and Results:Using a prospective design, we studied the risk of PE mortality in relation to fish intake in 90,791 community-dwelling men and women in Japan aged 40-79 years. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PE death were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with participants in the lowest fresh fish intake group (<1 time/month), the HRs (95% CIs) for PE death for those in the other intake groups were 0.35 (0.08-1.59) for 1-2 times/month, 0.19 (0.05-0.69) for 1-2 times/week, 0.20 (0.06-0.74) for 3-4 times/week, and 0.18 (0.05-0.66) for fish intake every day. In addition to these findings, compared with the participants in the lowest 10% of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, those in the other groups had a 60-76% lower risk of PE death. CONCLUSIONS Fresh fish intake, even 1-2 times/week, is associated with a lower risk of death from PE among Japanese men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of mortality, being responsible for 46% of non-communicable disease deaths. It has been estimated that about 85.6 million Americans are living with some form of CVD, which continues to rise. Healthy lifestyle choices may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction by >80%, with nutrition playing a key role. Vegetarian dietary patterns reduce CVD mortality and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 40%. Plant-based diets are the only dietary pattern to have shown reversal of CHD. Additionally, evidence suggests benefits of vegetarian dietary patterns in both the prevention and the treatment of heart failure and cerebrovascular disease. Plant-based diets are associated with lower blood pressure, lower blood lipids, and reduced platelet aggregation than non-vegetarian diets and are beneficial in weight management, reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. They have also been shown an effective treatment method in diabetes management. Well planned vegetarian diets provide benefits in preventing and reversing atherosclerosis and in decreasing CVD risk factors and should be promoted through dietary guidelines and recommendations.
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Kawase T, Okuda K. Comprehensive Quality Control of the Regenerative Therapy Using Platelet Concentrates: The Current Situation and Prospects in Japan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6389157. [PMID: 29951539 PMCID: PMC5987343 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6389157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet concentrates (PCs), represented by platelet-rich plasma (PRP), have been widely applied in the fields of regenerative and aesthetic therapies. PCs' mechanisms of action, however, are too complicated, and it is not easy to present the whole picture; besides, clinical outcomes are hardly reproducible in many cases. Therefore, several medically advanced countries seemingly intend to regulate PC therapies weakly or strictly because of the increasing popularity. Japan established laws and regulations for PC therapy in the "Act on the Safety of Regenerative Medicine" along with the "Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices and Other Therapeutic Products Act" in 2014, which, to our knowledge, represent the strictest regulatory framework for production and therapeutic use of PCs in the world. According to these laws and regulations, PCs produced for topical use should be prepared as cell-based medicinal products, essentially as should stem cells, in accordance with their registered ("licensed" under actual conditions) standard operating procedures. Nonetheless, criteria for their quality are not standardized. In this review, we discuss the quality of PC preparations by focusing on the basic concept and regulatory framework of regenerative medicine in Japan. Within the new framework, PC therapy is regulated by a specific notification and registration system, as is stem cell therapy. In comparison with the latter, however, risk factors that hamper successful PC therapy are much fewer. Via appropriate evaluation of patients' conditions and whole-blood samples by simple and sensitive but not yet fully standardized assays, it is theoretically possible that PC quality will be controlled nearly completely. In addition to or instead of standardization of preparation protocols, standardization of preoperative examination of individual PC preparations is an urgent task for improving and guaranteeing the safety and efficacy of PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okuda
- Division of Periodontology, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Archundia Herrera MC, Subhan FB, Chan CB. Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Obes Rep 2017; 6:405-413. [PMID: 29063379 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-017-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary objective of this review is to identify dietary patterns with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health of adults with type 2 diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally. People with diabetes have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease. Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, vegetarian diet, traditional Korean diet, Japanese diet, and low-glycemic-index diet can reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with diabetes. Dietary intake is a key modifiable factor in the management of diabetes and plays a significant role in limiting the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carolina Archundia Herrera
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation Research, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Fatheema B Subhan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation Research, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation Research, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Innovation Research, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Mediterranean Diet and Its Correlates among Adolescents in Non-Mediterranean European Countries: A Population-Based Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020177. [PMID: 28241432 PMCID: PMC5331608 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the factors which might influence the adherence to a Mediterranean diet in non-Mediterranean European countries. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to determine the associations between socioeconomic, psychological, and physical factors on a Mediterranean diet. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 14–18-year-old adolescents (N = 3071) from two non-Mediterranean countries: Lithuania (N = 1863) and Serbia (N = 1208). The dependent variable was Mediterranean diet, and was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents questionnaire. Independent variables were gender, body-mass index, self-rated health, socioeconomic status, psychological distress, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. The associations between dependent and independent variables were analyzed by using logistic regression. Results showed that higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with higher self-rated health, socioeconomic status, and physical activity, yet low adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with being female, having higher body-mass index, psychological distress, and sedentary behavior. Our findings suggest that future studies need to explore associations between lifestyle habits—especially in target populations, such as primary and secondary school students.
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Dotto C, Lombarte Serrat A, Cattelan N, Barbagelata MS, Yantorno OM, Sordelli DO, Ehling-Schulz M, Grunert T, Buzzola FR. The Active Component of Aspirin, Salicylic Acid, Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation in a PIA-dependent Manner. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:4. [PMID: 28167931 PMCID: PMC5253544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has provided clear benefits to human health. But salicylic acid (SAL) -the main aspirin biometabolite- exerts several effects on eukaryote and prokaryote cells. SAL can affect, for instance, the expression of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. SAL can also form complexes with iron cations and it has been shown that different iron chelating molecules diminished the formation of S. aureus biofilm. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the iron content limitation caused by SAL can modify the S. aureus metabolism and/or metabolic regulators thus changing the expression of the main polysaccharides involved in biofilm formation. The exposure of biofilm to 2 mM SAL induced a 27% reduction in the intracellular free Fe2+ concentration compared with the controls. In addition, SAL depleted 23% of the available free Fe2+ cation in culture media. These moderate iron-limited conditions promoted an intensification of biofilms formed by strain Newman and by S. aureus clinical isolates related to the USA300 and USA100 clones. The slight decrease in iron bioavailability generated by SAL was enough to induce the increase of PIA expression in biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant as well as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains. S. aureus did not produce capsular polysaccharide (CP) when it was forming biofilms under any of the experimental conditions tested. Furthermore, SAL diminished aconitase activity and stimulated the lactic fermentation pathway in bacteria forming biofilms. The polysaccharide composition of S. aureus biofilms was examined and FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed a clear impact of SAL in a codY-dependent manner. Moreover, SAL negatively affected codY transcription in mature biofilms thus relieving the CodY repression of the ica operon. Treatment of mice with SAL induced a significant increase of S aureus colonization. It is suggested that the elevated PIA expression induced by SAL might be responsible for the high nasal colonization observed in mice. SAL-induced biofilms may contribute to S. aureus infection persistence in vegetarian individuals as well as in patients that frequently consume aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dotto
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Lombarte Serrat
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Cattelan
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Centro Científico Technológico Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tócnicas (CTT CONICET La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | - María S Barbagelata
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo M Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Centro Científico Technológico Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tócnicas (CTT CONICET La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel O Sordelli
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Fernanda R Buzzola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Wong WT, Ismail M, Imam MU, Zhang YD. Modulation of platelet functions by crude rice (Oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:252. [PMID: 27465266 PMCID: PMC4964039 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Rice bran is bioactive-rich and has proven health benefits for humans. Moreover, its source, the brown rice has antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other functional properties that are increasingly making it a nutritional staple especially in Asian countries. This study investigated the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of crude hexane/methanolic rice bran extract, in which policosanol was the targeted bioactive. Platelets play a vital role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and their increased activities could potentially cause arterial thrombus formation or severe bleeding disorders. Thus, in this study, platelet aggregation and adhesion of platelets to major components of basal lamina were examined in vitro. In addition, cellular protein secretion was quantified as a measurement of platelet activation. Methods Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation were studied using the microtiter technique. Rat platelets were pre-treated with various concentrations of policosanol extract, and the adhesion of platelets onto collagen- and laminin-coated surface (extracellular matrix) was studied using the acid phosphatase assay. The effect of crude policosanol extract on released proteins from activated platelets was measured using modified Lowry determination method. Results Rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation induced by different agonists in a dose dependent manner. The IC50 of ADP-, collagen-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation were 533.37 ± 112.16, 635.94 ± 78.45 and 693.86 ± 70.57 μg/mL, respectively. The present study showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to collagen in a dose dependent manner. Conversely, at a low concentration of 15.625 μg/mL, the extract significantly inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin stimulated by different platelet agonists. In addition to the alteration of cell adhesive properties, cellular protein secretion of the treated platelets towards different stimulants were decreased upon crude extract treatment. Conclusion Our results showed that crude rice bran policosanol extract could inhibit in vitro platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion upon activation using agonists. These findings serve as a scientific platform to further explore alternative therapies in cardiovascular diseases related to platelet malfunction.
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Thompson K, Pederick W, Santhakumar AB. Anthocyanins in obesity-associated thrombogenesis: a review of the potential mechanism of action. Food Funct 2016; 7:2169-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet dysfunction, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia are important contributors to pro-thrombotic progression particularly in obese and hyper-cholesterolemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Thompson
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences
- Central Queensland University
- North Rockhampton
- Australia
- QML Pathology
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19
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Durić K, Kovac Besovic EE, Niksic H, Muratovic S, Sofic E. Anticoagulant activity of some Artemisia dracunculus leaf extracts. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:9-14. [PMID: 26042507 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivity and platelet interaction with endothelial cells contribute to the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The impact of platelet activity with different pharmacological agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid and coumarin derivatives, has been shown to be effective in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Artemisia dracunculus, L. Asteraceae (Tarragon) is used for centuries in the daily diet in many Middle Eastern countries, and it is well known for its anticoagulant activity. The present study investigates the presence of coumarins in tarragon leaves and subsequently determines the extract with a major amount of coumarin derivatives. The solvents of different polarities and different pH values were used for the purpose of purifying the primary extract in order to obtain fractions with the highest coumarin content. Those extracts and fractions were investigated for their anticoagulant activity by determining prothrombin time (PT) and the international normalized ratio (INR), expressed in relation to the coagulation time of the healthy person. Purified extracts and fractions obtained from plant residue after essential oil distillation, concentrated in coumarin derivatives, showed the best anticoagulant activity, using samples of human blood. INR maximum value (2.34) and consequently the best anticoagulant activity showed the methanol extract at concentration of 5%. The INR value of normal plasma in testing this extract was 1.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Durić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy University of Sarajevo.
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20
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Reid MA, Marsh KA, Zeuschner CL, Saunders AV, Baines SK. Meeting the nutrient reference values on a vegetarian diet. Med J Aust 2015; 199:S33-40. [PMID: 25369927 DOI: 10.5694/mja11.11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surveys over the past 10 years have shown that Australians are increasingly consuming more plant-based vegetarian meals. Many studies demonstrate the health benefits of vegetarian diets. As with any type of eating plan, vegetarian diets must be well planned to ensure nutritional needs are being met. This clinical focus project shows that well planned vegetarian diets can meet almost all the nutritional needs of children and adults of all ages. Sample single-day lacto-ovo-vegetarian meal plans were developed to comply with the nutrient reference values - including the increased requirements for iron and zinc at 180% and 150%, respectively, for vegetarians - for both sexes and all age groups set by Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council and the New Zealand Ministry of Health. With the exception of vitamin D, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and extended iron requirements in pregnancy for vegetarians, the meal plans meet key requirements with respect to energy; protein; carbohydrate; total fat; saturated, poly- and monounsaturated fats; α-linolenic acid; fibre; iron; zinc; calcium; folate; and vitamins A, C, E and B₁₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Reid
- Corporate Nutrition, Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kate A Marsh
- Northside Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Angela V Saunders
- Corporate Nutrition, Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing, Berkeley Vale, NSW, Australia
| | - Surinder K Baines
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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21
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Evaluation of a validated food frequency questionnaire for self-defined vegans in the United States. Nutrients 2014; 6:2523-39. [PMID: 25006856 PMCID: PMC4113754 DOI: 10.3390/nu6072523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and validate a de novo food frequency questionnaire for self-defined vegans in the United States. Diet histories from pilot samples of vegans and a modified ‘Block Method’ using seven selected nutrients of concern in vegan diet patterns, were employed to generate the questionnaire food list. Food frequency responses of 100 vegans from 19 different U.S. states were obtained via completed mailed questionnaires and compared to multiple telephone-conducted diet recall interviews. Computerized diet analyses were performed. Correlation coefficients, t-tests, rank, cross-tabulations, and probability tests were used to validate and compare intake estimates and dietary reference intake (DRI) assessment trends between the two methods. A 369-item vegan-specific questionnaire was developed with 252 listed food frequency items. Calorie-adjusted correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.374 to 0.600 (p < 0.001) for all analyzed nutrients except calcium. Estimates, ranks, trends and higher-level participant percentile placements for Vitamin B12 were similar with both methods. Questionnaire intakes were higher than recalls for most other nutrients. Both methods demonstrated similar trends in DRI adequacy assessment (e.g., significantly inadequate vitamin D intake among vegans). This vegan-specific questionnaire can be a useful assessment tool for health screening initiatives in U.S. vegan communities.
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Dyett PA, Sabaté J, Haddad E, Rajaram S, Shavlik D. Vegan lifestyle behaviors: an exploration of congruence with health-related beliefs and assessed health indices. Appetite 2013; 67:119-24. [PMID: 23583444 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate health belief as a major motive for diet and lifestyle behaviors of 100 vegans in the United States; and to determine congruence with selected health and nutrition outcomes. Response data from an administered questionnaire was analyzed. Statistical analyses determined the most common factors influencing diet choice; the number of vegans practicing particular lifestyle behaviors; body mass index; and prevalence of self-reported chronic disease diagnoses. Nutrient intakes were analyzed and assessed against Dietary Reference Intakes. Health was the most reported reason for diet choice (47%). In the health belief, animal welfare, and religious/other motive categories, low percentages of chronic disease diagnoses were reported: 27%, 11%, and 15%, respectively. There were no significant differences in health behaviors and indices among vegan motive categories, except for product fat content choices. Within the entire study population, health-related vegan motive coincided with regular exercise; 71% normal BMI (mean=22.6); minimal alcohol and smoking practices; frequently consumed vegetables, nuts, and grains; healthy choices in meal types, cooking methods, and low-fat product consumption; and adequate intakes for most protective nutrients when compared to reference values. But incongruence was found with 0% intake adequacy for vitamin D; and observation of excessive sodium use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Dyett
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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NAJJAA HANEN, ZOUARI SAMI, AMMAR EMNA, NEFFATI MOHAMED. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF ALLIUM ROSEUM L., A WILD EDIBLE SPECIES IN NORTH AFRICA. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Refaai MA, Frenkel E, Sarode R. Platelet aggregation responses vary over a period of time in healthy controls. Platelets 2011; 21:460-3. [PMID: 20536288 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.485256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet aggregation study is performed to investigate platelet function abnormality. A normal healthy control sample is usually run with the patient sample as a quality control measure. At our institution, we observed variations in platelet aggregation responses in our normal repeat controls. Therefore, we analysed aggregation parameters in these controls. Whole blood aggregation studies were performed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and ristocetin. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion was also measured simultaneously by leuciferin-leuciferase reaction. During a 5-year period, a total of 86 studies were performed on seven controls. Aggregations were within the acceptable range in 67% of the time. Collagen was the most affected agonist in our study. On five occasions, four controls had subnormal aggregations with two agonists. All abnormal responses were hypoaggregation except for two who had hyperaggregation with collagen and AA. Only one out of seven controls was always normal. In the presence of a subnormal control result, a new control was run before releasing the patient's platelet aggregation results. These findings suggest that many physiological factors, other than medications, may affect platelet function even in normal individuals. Therefore, a repeat study at a later date to demonstrate a reproducible abnormality would be prudent before labeling a patient's platelets abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed A Refaai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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25
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Benzie IFF, Wachtel-Galor S. Vegetarian diets and public health: biomarker and redox connections. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1575-91. [PMID: 20222825 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vegetarian diets are rich in antioxidant phytochemicals. However, they may not act as antioxidants in vivo, and yet still have important signaling and regulatory functions. Some may act as pro-oxidants, modulating cellular redox tone and oxidizing redox sensitive sites. In this review, evidence for health benefits of vegetarian diets is presented from different perspectives: epidemiological, biomarker, evolutionary, and public health, as well as antioxidant. From the perspective of molecular connections between diet and health, evidence of a role for plasma ascorbic acid as a biomarker for future disease risk is presented. Basic concepts of redox-based cell signaling are presented, and effects of antioxidant phytochemicals on signaling, especially via redox tone, sulfur switches and the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), are explored. Sufficient scientific evidence exists for public health policy to promote a plant-rich diet for health promotion. This does not need to wait for science to provide all the answers as to why and how. However, action and interplay of dietary antioxidants in the nonequilibrium systems that control redox balance, cell signaling, and cell function provide rich ground for research to advance understanding of orthomolecular nutrition and provide science-based evidence to advance public health in our aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris F F Benzie
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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26
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Tyug TS, Johar MH, Ismail A. Antioxidant Properties of Fresh, Powder, and Fiber Products of Mango (Mangifera Foetida) Fruit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910902741834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tan Seok Tyug
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafizan Johar
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
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27
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Ahuja KDK, Adams MJ, Robertson IK, Ball MJ. Acute effect of a high-carbohydrate low-fat meal on platelet aggregation. Platelets 2009; 20:606-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09537100903267517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Van Audenhaege M, Héraud F, Menard C, Bouyrie J, Morois S, Calamassi-Tran G, Lesterle S, Volatier JL, Leblanc JC. Impact of food consumption habits on the pesticide dietary intake: Comparison between a French vegetarian and the general population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2009; 26:1372-88. [DOI: 10.1080/02652030903031171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) stems from the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. However, modifiable environmental factors, especially diet and lifestyle, are largely responsible for increased risk of CHD at population levels. Although cigarette smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity are well-established causes of CHD, the role of specific dietary factors has not been clearly defined until more recently. Cumulative evidence indicates that types of fats and carbohydrates are more important than total amounts in determining risk of CHD. Epidemiologic and clinical trial data strongly support that dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts can reduce risk of CHD. Diet and lifestyle modification, combined with pharmacologic treatment of hypertension and high lipid levels (if necessary), could prevent the vast majority of CHD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Vincent HK, Bourguignon CM, Taylor AG. Relationship of the dietary phytochemical index to weight gain, oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight young adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009; 23:20-9. [PMID: 19735350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are bioactive nutrients that help reduce disease risk. A high intake of these compounds is important for optimal health and prevention of disease, but quantification of these nutrients in vivo is costly and time consuming. The present examined whether an alternative, simple 'phytochemical index' (PI) ratio calculation (PI = the ratio of the energy from high-nutrient phytochemical-rich foods to overall daily energy consumed [kJ phytochemical rich foods/total kJ consumed]) was related to several precursors of future disease: annual weight gain, adiposity, oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study (n = 54, age range 18-30 years). Participants were stratified into normal weight and overweight groups. Three-day dietary records were analysed for food items, food groups, energy and the PI score at repeated time points. Blood plasma samples were analysed by colorimetric or an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay for cholesterol subfractions, glycated haemoglobin, total antioxidant status, lipid hydroperoxides, cytokines (interleukins-1beta and -6) and C-reactive protein). RESULTS PI values were higher in the overweight-obese group. Correlation values between the PI score and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and plasma oxidative stress were significant. The PI score did not correlate with any cytokine levels. The PI score was a significant contributor to yearly weight gain. CONCLUSIONS The PI is inversely related to adiposity and oxidative stress in healthy young adults, and is responsive to body weight changes. This simple, easy to administer index might be useful as a dietary target for appropriate proportion consumption of nutrient-rich foods in weight reduction or management programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Vincent
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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31
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Yadav M, Jain S, Bhardwaj A, Nagpal R, Puniya M, Tomar R, Singh V, Parkash O, Prasad GBKS, Marotta F, Yadav H. Biological and medicinal properties of grapes and their bioactive constituents: an update. J Med Food 2009; 12:473-84. [PMID: 19627194 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The grape is one of the most valued conventional fruits, worldwide. Although most of the parts of the grapevine are useful, primarily, the grape is considered as a source of unique natural products not only for the development of valuable medicines against a number of diseases, but also for manufacturing various industrial products. Over the last few decades, apart from the chemistry of grape compounds, considerable progress has been made towards exploring the biological activities of various grape-derived constituents. Today, it is well established that in addition to serving as food, the grape is a major source of several phytochemicals. The main biologically active and well-characterized constituent from the grape is resveratrol, which is known for various medicinal properties in human diseases. This review discusses the roles of various grape-derived phytochemicals in relation to various diseases.
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32
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Borgwardt K, Bonifatius S, Gardemann A. Acidic peptides enhanced genistein-dependent inhibition of human platelet aggregation: potential protective effect of digestible peptides plus genistein against atherosclerosis. Nutr Res 2009; 28:523-31. [PMID: 19083455 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leading cause of death in the United States and European countries is coronary heart disease. We hypothesized that the ingestion of soy compounds may not only have beneficial effects on atherosclerotic risk by lowering lipid compounds, but also by reducing platelet aggregability. Therefore, we analyzed in vitro the influence of defined and digestible peptides, frequently found in glycinin and beta-conglycinin as important proteins of soy bean, on platelet aggregation of 180 healthy volunteers with or without the isoflavone genistein by aggregometry and flow cytometry. (i) The predominating share of amino acids and acidic, neutral, and basic di- and tripeptides of up to 2 mmol/L did not modify platelet aggregation induced by collagen, adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, or arachidonic acid. (ii) Genistein inhibited agonist-induced platelet aggregation dose dependently. (iii) In the presence of the acidic peptides glutamate-glutamate and aspartate-aspartate-aspartate (1 mmol/L each), genistein reduced collagen- and ADP-dependent platelet activation stronger than 250 micromol/L of this isoflavone alone. Other peptides were less effective (eg, glutamate-glutamate-glutamate) or ineffective (eg, asparagine-asparagine). (iv) Glutamate-glutamate-glutamate (1 nmol/L), glutamate-glutamate (1 micromol/L), and aspartate-aspartate-aspartate (1 micromol/L) enhanced the inhibition of genistein on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. Thus, the results of the present in vitro investigation allow the assumption that nutrition with specific compounds of soy--acidic peptides together with genistein--might protect against coronary atherosclerosis by attenuating platelet activity. In vivo studies are warranted to check this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Borgwardt
- Pathological Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Benzie IF, Wachtel‐Galor S. Chapter 7 Biomarkers in Long‐Term Vegetarian Diets. Adv Clin Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(09)47007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yazdanparast R, Shahriyary L. Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion. Vascul Pharmacol 2007; 48:32-7. [PMID: 18069068 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelet hyperactivity, resulting in platelet adhesion to the vessel wall, is one of the most important factors responsible for thrombosis and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In this study we were aimed to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of the methanol extracts of three herb species on adhesion of the activated platelet to laminin-coated plates, aggregation and protein secretion. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Satureja hortensis (summer savory) and Origanum majorana (marjoram) are used as blood anti-coagulator in Iranian folk medicine. Human platelets were prepared and incubated with different concentrations of the test samples (equivalent to 50-200 microg of each of the plant leaves powder/mL) for 60 min. The treated and untreated platelets were then activated with thrombin (0.25 U/mL) and their adhesion to laminin-coated plates was investigated. Based on our observations, the methanol extract of A. dracunculus, S. hortensis and O. majorana, at a concentration of 200 microg/mL, inhibited platelet adhesion to laminin-coated wells by 51%, 48% and 40%, respectively. In addition to alternation of cell adhesive properties, self aggregation and protein secretion of the treated platelets were also affected upon treatment with the crude methanol extracts. These observations provide the basis for the traditional use of these herbs in treatments of cardiovascular diseases and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P.O. Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen CW, Lin YL, Lin TK, Lin CT, Chen BC, Lin CL. Total cardiovascular risk profile of Taiwanese vegetarians. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62:138-44. [PMID: 17356561 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the health benefits of vegetarian diets have been well documented among Western population, there are geographic differences of vegetarian diets and the health benefits of the Taiwanese vegetarian diet have not been studied extensively. In addition to conventional risk factors, homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels have been found to predict first atherothrombotic events. We undertook this study to examine the total risk profile of Taiwanese vegetarians. METHODS A total of 198 healthy subjects (99 vegetarians and 99 omnivores) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell count, hs-CRP and homocysteine. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, blood glucose, white blood cell count, triglyceride and HDL-C between the two groups. The vegetarian group had significantly more females (65.7 vs 46.5%); lower body weight (58.66+/-11.13 vs 62.88+/-12.24 kg); shorter height (159.14+/-7.88 vs 162.53 +/-8.14 cm); lower total cholesterol (184.74+/-33.23 vs 202.01+/-41.05 mg/dl); and lower LDL-C (119.63+/-31.59 vs 135.89+/-39.50 mg/dl). Hs-CRP was significantly lower (0.14+/-0.23 vs 0.23+/-0.44 mg/dl, P=0.025), whereas homocysteine was significantly higher (10.97+/-6.69 vs 8.44+/-2.50 micromol/l, P=0.001) in vegetarians than omnivores. CONCLUSIONS Taiwanese vegetarians have lower total cholesterol, LDL-C and hs-CRP levels, and higher homocysteine levels than omnivores. Owing to different predictive value of each risk factor, the Taiwanese vegetarians had a better cardiovascular risk profile than omnivores. Whether the Taiwanese vegetarian diet should be supplemented with vitamin B(12) to lower serum homocysteine level remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan [2] 2College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chan KC, Yin MC, Chao WJ. Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:502-7. [PMID: 17123684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DAT)-rich garlic oil was fed to Sprague-Dawley rats and the effects of this DAT-rich garlic oil on bleeding time, clotting time and anticoagulation factors were examined. Garlic oil supplement at 5 or 50mg garlic oil/kg bodyweight significantly prolonged bleeding time and thrombin time, and enhanced anticoagulation factor activity, such as antithrombin III and protein C (P<0.05). These results suggested that the anticoagulant action of DAT-rich garlic oil was due to inhibition and/or inactivation of thrombin. In addition, DAT-rich garlic oil benefits blood anticoagulation factors, which might further prevent the development of thrombus formation. However, the intake of garlic oil at high dose significantly increased plasma fibrinogen concentration (P<0.05), and affected the levels of several hematological parameters such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and platelets (P<0.05). The adverse effect of high doses of garlic oil might further influence the hemostatic balance. Therefore, the concentration of DAT-rich garlic oil should be carefully considered in its application. Supplementation of garlic oil at 5mg/kg bodyweight has anticoagulation effect in this animal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-chi Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Sha-lu, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Pérez-Jiménez F, Lista JD, Pérez-Martínez P, López-Segura F, Fuentes F, Cortés B, Lozano A, López-Miranda J. Olive oil and haemostasis: a review on its healthy effects. Public Health Nutr 2006; 9:1083-8. [PMID: 17378945 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007668566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInterest in the Mediterranean diet (MD) has grown worldwide. Despite the high complexity of its nutrients composition, olive oil emerges as its principal food, since it provides the higher percentage of energy and a lot of bioactive compounds.ObjectiveIn this review, we will discuss the benefits of diets enriched in virgin olive oil, whose effects are probably due not only to its oleic acid content but also to its other potentially health-promoting components.MethodsTraditionally, the benefits of MD were linked to its effect on lipoprotein metabolism, but today we realise that there exists a whole sheaf of other benefits, including the components of haemostasis: platelet function, thrombogenesis and fibrinolysis.ResultsA diet enriched in virgin olive oil can reduce the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation, decreasing von Willebrand and thromboxane B2 plasma levels. Moreover, a particular interest has aroused about its capacity to decrease fasting factor VII plasma levels and to avoid or modulate its postprandial activation. In addition, tissue factor expression in mononuclear cells could be reduced with the chronic intake of virgin olive oil, and finally, studies performed in different experimental situation have shown that it could also increase fibrinolytic activity, reducing plasma concentration of plasma activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1).ConclusionThe MD is an alimentary model with a high content of monounsaturated fats that is capable of inducing a wide range of biological effects on the cardiovascular system. The application of modern focuses of study will dilucidate in the future the biological and clinical interest of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain.
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Pérez Martínez P, López-Miranda J, Delgado-Lista J, López-Segura F, Pérez Jiménez F. Aceite de oliva y prevención cardiovascular: más que una grasa. CLÍNICA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0214-9168(06)73688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Erkkilä AT, Herrington DM, Mozaffarian D, Lichtenstein AH. Cereal fiber and whole-grain intake are associated with reduced progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2005; 150:94-101. [PMID: 16084154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intake of fiber, especially cereal fiber, has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are limited data on the effect of fiber intake on measures of progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim was to examine the association between intakes of total fiber and fiber from different dietary sources and progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis among women with established CAD. METHODS A prospective cohort study involved postmenopausal women (n = 229) participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial. Usual fiber intake was estimated at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at baseline and after 3.2 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD) years to assess changes in mean minimum coronary artery diameter and mean percent stenosis. RESULTS Compared to lower intakes, > 3 g/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) of cereal fiber or > 6 servings of whole grains per week were associated with smaller decline in minimum coronary artery diameter (cereal fiber: -0.09 +/- 0.02 vs -0.04 +/- 0.02 mm, P = .03; whole grains: -0.10 +/- 0.02 vs -0.06 +/- 0.02 mm, P = .04) after adjustments for age, cardiovascular risk factors, and dietary intakes of saturated and polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and alcohol. Progression in percent stenosis tended to be less in women with higher intake of cereal fiber (P = .10) or whole-grain foods (P = .09), after similar adjustments. Intakes of total, fruit, and vegetable fiber, and number of servings of refined grain, fruits, or vegetable were not associated with progression. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of cereal fiber and whole-grain products are associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with established CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja T Erkkilä
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Serra-Majem L, de la Cruz JN, Ribas L, Salleras L. Mediterranean Diet and Health: Is all the Secret in Olive Oil? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HAEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS 2005; 33:461-5. [PMID: 15692261 DOI: 10.1159/000083846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the synergies of olive oil related food consumption and nutrient intake in a Mediterranean region. DESIGN Cross sectional study by face to face interview. SETTING Population based random sample derived from the Catalan Nutrition Survey. SUBJECTS 1600 individuals between 18 and 60 years of age. INTERVENTION Two 24-hour recalls were administered to measure food and nutrient intakes. Food group consumption and nutrient intakes ratios between the highest(greater than 13.5% of total calories, 4th quartile)and lowest quartiles (less than 6.8% of total calories,1st quartile) of olive oil consumption were calculated. RESULTS Comparing the highest quartile of olive oil consumption to the lowest, the highest ratios by food group consumption were observed for eggs, vegetables and fish in both men and women and non fried potatoes in women only. Lower ratios were associated in both sexes with soft drinks, commercially baked goods, processed meat and full fat milk and nuts in women only, and fried potatoes in men only. Analysis by nutrients showed higher ratios for carotenoids,monounsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and folic acid in both sexes and Vitamin C and polyunsaturated fatty acids in women only. Lower ratios were seen for mono,di and polysaccharides, saturated fat, retinol and sodium in both genders and calcium niacin, thiamin,riboflavin and fibre in men only. CONCLUSION Olive oil is a key contributor to the healthy aspects attributed to the Mediterranean diet, since its own health attributes may be added to those of foods that it's commonly served with (fish, vegetables), thus contributing to its thrombosis related disease preventive properties. As such, nutritional objectives in Mediterranean countries should address reducing saturated fats, without modifying quantities of olive oil,and increasing fish, vegetables and nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Serra-Majem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Bravo-Herrera MD, López-Miranda J, Marín C, Gómez P, Gómez MJ, Moreno JA, Pérez-Martínez P, Blanco A, Jiménez-Gómez Y, Pérez-Jiménez F. Tissue factor expression is decreased in monocytes obtained from blood during Mediterranean or high carbohydrate diets. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2004; 14:128-132. [PMID: 15330271 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-4753(04)80032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean and high carbohydrate diets play a dominant role in the prevention of atherosclerosis as a result of their lipid lowering effect. However, diets can also have a protective effect in other ways, such as modulating tissue factor expression in circulating monocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one subjects participated in this randomised crossover study consisting of three dietary periods: a saturated fat enriched diet (SFA), a low fat and high carbohydrate diet (CHO), and a Mediterranean diet. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were determined at the end of each dietary period, as was the expression of tissue factor (TF) in circulating monocytes isolated from blood samples. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and TF expression were lower after the Mediterranean and high carbohydrate diets than after the SFA diet, and there was a positive correlation between LDL-C levels and monocyte TF expression. CONCLUSIONS High carbohydrate and Mediterranean diets reduce the expression of TF in circulating monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bravo-Herrera
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain
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Duttaroy AK. Therapy and clinical trials. Curr Opin Lipidol 2004; 15:377-9. [PMID: 15166798 DOI: 10.1097/00041433-200406000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, N-316 Oslo, Norway
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Wu CC, Lii CK, Tsai SJ, Sheen LY. Diallyl trisulfide modulates cell viability and the antioxidation and detoxification systems of rat primary hepatocytes. J Nutr 2004; 134:724-8. [PMID: 15051817 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.4.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of various concentrations of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and incubation times on cell viability, glutathione (GSH) content, and GSH-related enzyme activity in rat primary hepatocytes. Isolated and cultured primary rat hepatocytes were used as an experimental model. Cells were treated with 0 (control), 0.025, 0.05, or 0.25 mmol/L DATS for 0, 4, 8, or 24 h. After 24 h of treatment, some cells were incubated in fresh medium without DATS for an additional 24 h (48-h incubations). Based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and morphological examination, hepatocytes treated with 0.025 mmol/L DATS did not differ from the control cells at 4, 8, 24, and 48 h of incubation. However, LDH leakage was higher than in the control cells (P < 0.05) when the hepatocytes were treated with 0.05 or 0.25 mmol/L DATS for 4 h or more. The intracellular GSH levels of hepatocytes treated with 0.025 or 0.05 mmol/L DATS were higher than those of the control cells (P < 0.05), whereas those treated with 0.25 mmol/L DATS did not differ. The activity of glutathione reductase (GRd) was higher than in the control cells at 24 h (P < 0.05) when the hepatocytes were treated with 0.025 mmol/L DATS. When the hepatocytes were treated with 0.025 mmol/L DATS, the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was higher than in the control cells at 48 h (P < 0.05). In hepatocytes treated with 0.05 mmol/L DATS, the activity of GST and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was higher than in the control cells (P < 0.05) at 24 and 48 h of incubation. The results indicate that 0.025 or 0.05 mmol/L DATS could enhance antioxidation and detoxification capabilities by increasing the intracellular GSH level and the activity of GPx, GRd, or GST in rat primary hepatocytes. However, 0.05 or 0.25 mmol/L DATS might adversely affect the viability of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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