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Miyasaki AMM, Radigonda JM, Klein RM, Moreira EG. Blood tests and use of nutritional supplements in a cohort of Brazilian children with trisomy 21. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:610-616. [PMID: 37353208 PMCID: PMC10594004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of nutritional supplements and blood status (hemogram, lipidogram, hepatic function, inflammatory markers, minerals, and homocysteine) in a sample of Brazilian T21 children with private health support before their first consultation with a T21 expert. METHOD This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 102 participants. Brazilian families with a T21 member under 18 years old were contacted and those that consented answered a survey regarding socio-demographics and the use of nutritional supplements and shared the blood tests that their T21 members have collected for the first consultation with a T21 expert. RESULTS Frequencies and percentages were used to describe the variables. The most used supplements included vitamins (A, C and D), minerals (zinc and iron), omega-3, and antioxidants (curcumin). Hypothyroidism was observed in 56.9% of the participants. Hemogram alterations (increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and red cell distribution width, leukopenia, and lymphocytopenia), dyslipidemia, altered hepatic and inflammatory blood markers were frequently found. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional supplements (mainly vitamins, minerals, omega-3 and antioxidants) are frequently used by Brazilian T21 children independently of professional counseling and/or supervision and should be a question to be raised during the clinical anamnesis since some of them may impact medical conduct. Moreover, many blood tests are altered in this population and clinicians should be aware of them in order to warrant an appropriate screening and the implementation of risk management measures as soon as possible and improve the general health of these persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M M Miyasaki
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Departamento de Pediatria, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Julia M Radigonda
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Curso de Medicina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Klein
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Estefânia G Moreira
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Zhong T, Song X, Zhang S, Sun M, Wei J, Shu J, Yang T, Wang T, Qin J. Association of MTR gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of non-syndromic congenital heart disease: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9424. [PMID: 37296303 PMCID: PMC10256807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To exhaustively explore the association of infant genetic polymorphisms of methionine synthase (MTR) gene with the risk of non-syndromic congenital heart disease (CHD). A hospital-based case-control study involving 620 CHD cases and 620 health controls was conducted from November 2017 to March 2020. Eighteen SNPs were detected and analyzed. Our date suggested that the genetic polymorphisms of MTR gene at rs1805087 (GG vs. AA: aOR = 6.85, 95% CI 2.94-15.96; the dominant model: aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.35-2.32; the recessive model: aOR = 6.26, 95% CI 2.69-14.54; the addictive model: aOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.44-2.29) and rs2275565 (GT vs. GG: aOR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.15-1.20; TT vs. GG: aOR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.93-12.58; the dominant model: aOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.27-2.17; the recessive model: aOR = 4.41, 95% CI 1.73-11.22; the addictive model: aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.32-2.13) were significantly associated with the higher risk of CHD. And three haplotypes of G-A-T (involving rs4659724, rs95516 and rs4077829; OR = 5.48, 95% CI 2.58-11.66), G-C-A-T-T-G (involving rs2275565, rs1266164, rs2229276, rs4659743, rs3820571 and rs1050993; OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97) and T-C-A-T-T-G (involving rs2275565, rs1266164, rs2229276, rs4659743, rs3820571 and rs1050993; OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.26-2.04) were observed to be significantly associated with risk of CHD. Our study found that genetic polymorphisms of MTR gene at rs1805087 and rs2275565 were significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. Additionally, our study revealed a significant association of three haplotypes with risk of CHD. However, the limitations in this study should be carefully taken into account. In the future, more specific studies in different ethnic populations are required to refine and confirm our findings.Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; Date of first registration: 14/06/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Taowei Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, 410028, Hunan, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, 410028, Hunan, China.
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Wen ZG, Lu D, Han WL, Liang DA, Li WM, Du LP. MTR-G is a high-risk allele for lower-extremity arteriosclerotic occlusion. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:1132-1136. [PMID: 33345688 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1865949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between the MTRA2576G polymorphism of the key enzyme in homocysteine metabolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and arteriosclerotic occlusion (ASO) of the lower extremities. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of patients with lower-extremity vascular diseases, including 125 cases of DVT, 125 cases of CVI and 125 cases of ASO. DNA samples extracted from 197 healthy individuals were used as control samples. PCR-RFLP was used to investigate the polymorphisms of MTR in these subjects. RESULTS The frequency of the G allele in MTR was 6.8%, 6.1% and 12.8% for the DVT group, CVI group and ASO group, respectively (p = 0.003). The frequency of the GG allele was 13.6%, 12.2% and 22.4% for the DVT group, CVI group and ASO group, respectively (p = 0.014). Only the allele frequency of GG in the ASO group was higher than that in the control group, and the disease risk was also 1.3 times higher than that in the control group (OR = 1.299, 95% CI = 1.025 ∼ 2.575). CONCLUSION Patients with the G allele in MTR have a high risk for ASO, and the GG allele is a risk gene for ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Wen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Da Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Li Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - De-An Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ming Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Luoyang, Henan, P.R. China
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Chatterjee M, Saha T, Maitra S, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K. Folate System Gene Variant rs1801394 66A>G may have a Causal Role in Down Syndrome in the Eastern Indian Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:215-224. [PMID: 33274184 PMCID: PMC7703665 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with trisomy of the 21st chromosome in more than 95% cases. The extra chromosome mostly derives due to abnormal chromosomal segregation, i.e. non-disjunction, during meiosis. Earlier reports showed that abnormal folate metabolism can lead to DNA hypomethylation and abnormal chromosomal segregation. We analyzed three functional folate gene variants, namely 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase rs1805087, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase rs1801394, and reduced folate carrier 1 rs1051266, for contribution in the etiology of DS. Ethnically matched subjects including DS probands (N=183), their parents (N=273), and controls (N=286) were recruited after obtaining informed written consent for participation. Karyotype analysis confirmed trisomy 21 in DS patients recruited. Genomic DNA, purified from peripheral blood leukocytes was used for genotyping of the target sites by PCR based methods, and data obtained was subjected to population- as well as family-based association analysis. Frequency of rs1801394 ‘G’ allele and ‘GG’ genotype was higher in DS probands (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant higher occurrence of the ‘G’ allele in parents of DS probands (P < 0.0001) and maternal bias in transmission of the “G” allele was also noticed (P < 0.0001). Genetic model analysis demonstrated rs1801394 “G” as a risk allele under both dominant and recessive models. DS probands also showed higher occurrence of rs1051266 “G” (P = 0.05). Quantitative trait analysis revealed significant negative influence of rs1805087 “A” on birth weight. Screening for rs1801394 “G” could be useful in monitoring the risk of DS, at least in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanusree Saha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, MRIH, Kolkata, India.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Subhamita Maitra
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, MRIH, Kolkata, India.,Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, MRIH, Kolkata, India
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Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8294158. [PMID: 33062147 PMCID: PMC7545470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants' organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Rai V, Kumar P. Fetal MTHFR C677T polymorphism confers no susceptibility to Down syndrome: Evidence from meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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7
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Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Dehghani Ashkezari A, Oliaie Rezaie N, Rezaei N. Systematic review and meta-analysis shows a specific micronutrient profile in people with Down Syndrome: Lower blood calcium, selenium and zinc, higher red blood cell copper and zinc, and higher salivary calcium and sodium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175437. [PMID: 28422987 PMCID: PMC5396920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different metabolic profiles as well as comorbidities are common in people with Down Syndrome (DS). Therefore it is relevant to know whether micronutrient levels in people with DS are also different. This systematic review was designed to review the literature on micronutrient levels in people with DS compared to age and sex-matched controls without DS. We identified sixty nine studies from January 1967 to April 2016 through main electronic medical databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of knowledge. We carried out meta-analysis of the data on four essential trace elements (Cu, Fe, Se, and Zn), six minerals (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, and P), and five vitamins (vitamin A, B9, B12, D, and E). People with DS showed lower blood levels of Ca (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.16 to -0.09), Se (SMD = -0.99; 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.43), and Zn (SMD = -1.30; 95% CI: -1.75 to -0.84), while red cell levels of Zn (SMD = 1.88; 95% CI: 0.48 to 3.28) and Cu (SMD = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.96 to 3.57) were higher. They had also higher salivary levels of Ca (SMD = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.33) and Na (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.69). Our findings that micronutrient levels are different in people with DS raise the question whether these differences are related to the different metabolic profiles, the common comorbidities or merely reflect DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- MetaCognition Interest Group (MCIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Dietitians and Nutrition Experts Team (DiNET), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Dehghani Ashkezari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Oliaie Rezaie
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Genetic variant in MTRR A66G, but not MTR A2756G, is associated with risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in Indian population. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Song C, He J, Chen J, Liu Y, Xiong F, Wang Y, Li T. Effect of the one‑carbon unit cycle on overall DNA methylation in children with Down's syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:8209-14. [PMID: 26497014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression. In order to analyze the impact of the one‑carbon unit cycle on the overall level of DNA methylation in children with Down's syndrome (DS), the levels of indicators associated with the one‑carbon unit cycle, including folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (VB12) and homocysteine (Hcy), and the overall DNA methylation level of DS and healthy controls (HCs) were determined in the present study. A total of 36 DS children and 40 age‑ and gender‑matched HCs were included in the present study to determine the levels of FA, VB12, Hcy and overall DNA methylation. The effect of the one‑carbon unit cycle on the overall level of DNA methylation within the DS group was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the level of VB12 was decreased (P=0.008), while the Hcy level was increased (P=0.000) in DS patients compared with the HCs. FA and VB12 levels decreased with increasing age in DS patients (P<0.05). DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation were observed in DS patients with VB12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia, respectively (P=0.031, P=0.021). Abnormalities in the one‑carbon unit cycle tend to worsen with increasing age in DS children. Thus, one‑carbon unit cycle‑associated alterations in DNA methylation may be important in the neuropathological alterations observed in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Song
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009 CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi He
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009 CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009 CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Youxue Liu
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009 CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009 CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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Rai V, Yadav U, Kumar P, Yadav SK. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism is not risk factor for Down syndrome in North India. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 20:142-7. [PMID: 25400341 PMCID: PMC4228564 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.142858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is the most common cause of mental retardation of genetic etiology with the prevalence rate of 1/700 to 1/1000 live births worldwide. Several polymorphisms in folate/homocysteine metabolism pathways genes have been reported as a risk factor in women for bearing DS child, but very few studies investigated these polymorphisms in DS cases whether there are a risk factor for being DS or not. OBJECTIVE We have investigated the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) with the occurrence of DS in Indian population. MTHFR is one of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine responsible for the reduction of methyltetrahydrofolate. A total of 32 DS cases and 64 age, sex matched controls were genotyped for MTHFR C677T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The observed genotype frequencies were CC = 0.81; CT = 0.17 and TT = 0.02 in controls and CC = 0.81 and CT = 0.19 in DS cases. Frequency of T allele in DS and controls were 0.09 and 0.1, respectively. Significant difference in the distribution of mutant 677T allele was not observed between DS cases and controls (odds ratio = 0.915; 95% confidence intervals: 0.331-2.53; P = 0.864). CONCLUSION Results of this study indicate that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is not risk factor for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Joslin AC, Green R, German JB, Lange MC. Concept mapping One-Carbon Metabolism to model future ontologies for nutrient-gene-phenotype interactions. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:419. [PMID: 25091042 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of bioinformatic tools continue to improve investigators' ability to interrogate, organize, and derive knowledge from large amounts of heterogeneous information. These tools often require advanced technical skills not possessed by life scientists. User-friendly, low-barrier-to-entry methods of visualizing nutrigenomics information are yet to be developed. We utilized concept mapping software from the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition to create a conceptual model of diet and health-related data that provides a foundation for future nutrigenomics ontologies describing published nutrient-gene/polymorphism-phenotype data. In this model, maps containing phenotype, nutrient, gene product, and genetic polymorphism interactions are visualized as triples of two concepts linked together by a linking phrase. These triples, or "knowledge propositions," contextualize aggregated data and information into easy-to-read knowledge maps. Maps of these triples enable visualization of genes spanning the One-Carbon Metabolism (OCM) pathway, their sequence variants, and multiple literature-mined associations including concepts relevant to nutrition, phenotypes, and health. The concept map development process documents the incongruity of information derived from pathway databases versus literature resources. This conceptual model highlights the importance of incorporating information about genes in upstream pathways that provide substrates, as well as downstream pathways that utilize products of the pathway under investigation, in this case OCM. Other genes and their polymorphisms, such as TCN2 and FUT2, although not directly involved in OCM, potentially alter OCM pathway functionality. These upstream gene products regulate substrates such as B12. Constellations of polymorphisms affecting the functionality of genes along OCM, together with substrate and cofactor availability, may impact resultant phenotypes. These conceptual maps provide a foundational framework for development of nutrient-gene/polymorphism-phenotype ontologies and systems visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Joslin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Lakkakula B, Murthy J, Gurramkonda VB. Relationship between reduced folate carrier gene polymorphism and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in Indian population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:329-32. [PMID: 24749799 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.916677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Folate metabolism involves absorption, transport, modifications and interconversions of folates. The reduced folate carrier does not participate directly in folate metabolism but plays a major role in intracellular transport of metabolically active 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and maintains the intracellular concentrations of folate. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) A80G polymorphism and to further delineate its association with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) in a south Indian population. METHODS In the present case-control study, we studied RFC1 gene A80G polymorphism to evaluate its impact on NSCLP risk in south Indian population. Blood samples of 142 cases with NSCLP and 141 controls were collected and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS The genotype distribution in the control group followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.633). The G allele frequency of cases was 64.8% (184/284) and was significantly lower than that found in the control group 56.4% (160/282). The genotype distributions between NSCLP cases and controls was not significantly different (p = 0.131). The allelic model significantly increased the risk of NSCLP (G versus A; OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00-1.97; p = 0.050). In subgroup analysis, the A80G variant showed significant association for the CLP group in dominant and allelic models. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings support the hypothesis that RFC1 A80G variant may contribute to NSCLP susceptibility in a south Indian population.
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The MTR 2756A>G polymorphism and maternal risk of birth of a child with Down syndrome: a case-control study and a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6913-25. [PMID: 24150725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase (MTR) is required for the conversion of homocysteine (hcy) to methionine in the one-carbon metabolic pathway. Previous studies investigating a common MTR 2756A>G polymorphism as a maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with Down syndrome (DS) are conflicting and limited by small case-control cohorts, and its contribution to circulating hcy levels is still debated. We performed a large case-control study and a meta-analysis of the literature to further address the role of MTR 2756A>G as a maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with DS. 286 mothers of a DS child (MDS) and 305 control mothers of Italian origin were included in the case-control study. Genotyping was performed by means of PCR/RFLP technique. Data on circulating levels of hcy, folates, and vitamin B12 were available for 189 MDS and 194 control mothers. The meta analysis of previous and present data involved a total of 8 studies (1,171 MDS and 1,402 control mothers). Both the case-control study and the meta-analysis showed no association of MTR 2756A>G with the maternal risk of birth of a child with DS (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI 0.85-1.55, and OR = 1.08; 95 % CI 0.93-1.25, respectively), even after stratification of the overall data available for the meta-analysis into ethnic groups. No association of the studied polymorphism with circulating levels of hcy, folates, and vitamin B12 was observed. Present data do not support a role for MTR 2756A>G as independent maternal risk factor for a DS birth.
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Ho V, Massey TE, King WD. Effects of methionine synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms on markers of one-carbon metabolism. GENES AND NUTRITION 2013; 8:571-80. [PMID: 24101362 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-013-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and nutritional factors play a role in determining the functionality of the one-carbon (1C) metabolism cycle, a network of biochemical reactions critical to intracellular processes. Genes encoding enzymes for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MTR) may determine biomarkers of the cycle including homocysteine (HCY), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). MTHFR C677T is an established genetic determinant of HCY but less is known of its effect on SAM and SAH. Conversely, the relationship between MTR A2756G and HCY remains inconclusive, and its effect on SAM and SAH has only been previously investigated in a female-specific population. Folate and vitamin B12 are essential substrate and cofactor of 1C metabolism; thus, consideration of gene-nutrient interactions may clarify the role of genetic determinants of HCY, SAM and SAH. This cross-sectional study included 570 healthy volunteers from Kingston, Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. Least squares regression was used to examine the effects of MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma HCY, SAM and SAH concentrations; gene-gene and gene-nutrient interactions were considered with the inclusion of cross-products in the model. Main effects of MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms on HCY concentrations were observed; however, no gene-gene or gene-nutrient interactions were found. No association was observed for SAM. For SAH, interactions between MTR and MTHFR polymorphisms, and MTHFR polymorphism and serum folate were found. The findings of this research provide evidence that HCY and SAH, biomarkers of 1C metabolism, are influenced by genetic and nutritional factors and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikki Ho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Carruthers Hall, Kingston, ON, K7L3N6, Canada
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15
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Saccucci P, Compagnone E, Verrotti A, Galasso C, Curatolo P. Lack of association between MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C genetic polymorphisms and mental retardation. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:241-2. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x301595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Mendes CC, Raimundo AMZDA, Oliveira LD, Zampieri BL, Marucci GH, Biselli JM, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Eberlin MN, Haddad R, Riccio MF, Vannucchi H, Carvalho VM, Pavarino ÉC. DHFR 19-bp deletion and SHMT C1420T polymorphisms and metabolite concentrations of the folate pathway in individuals with Down syndrome. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2013; 17:274-7. [PMID: 23421317 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) results from the presence and expression of three copies of the genes located on chromosome 21. Studies have shown that, in addition to overexpression of the Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) gene, polymorphisms in genes involved in folate/homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism may also influence the concentrations of metabolites of this pathway. AIM Investigate the association between Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) 19-base pair (bp) deletion and Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) C1420T polymorphisms and serum folate and plasma Hcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in 85 individuals with DS. METHODS Molecular analysis of the DHFR 19-bp deletion and SHMT C1420T polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by difference in the size of fragments and real-time PCR allelic discrimination, respectively. Serum folate was quantified by chemiluminescence and plasma Hcy and MMA by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Individuals with DHFR DD/SHMT TT genotypes presented increased folate concentrations (p=0.004) and the DHFR II/SHMT TT genotypes were associated with increased MMA concentrations (p=0.008). In addition, the MMA concentrations were negatively associated with age (p=0.04). CONCLUSION There is an association between DHFR DD/SHMT TT and DHFR II/SHMT TT combined genotypes and folate and MMA concentrations in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiani Cortez Mendes
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Zhao JY, Yang XY, Shi KH, Sun SN, Hou J, Ye ZZ, Wang J, Duan WY, Qiao B, Chen YJ, Shen HB, Huang GY, Jin L, Wang HY. A functional variant in the cystathionine β-synthase gene promoter significantly reduces congenital heart disease susceptibility in a Han Chinese population. Cell Res 2012; 23:242-253. [PMID: 22986502 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases. There are two ways to remove homocysteine from embryonic cardiac cells: remethylation to form methionine or transsulfuration to form cysteine. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the first step of homocysteine transsulfuration as a rate-limiting enzyme. In this study, we identified a functional variant -4673C>G (rs2850144) in the CBS gene promoter region that significantly reduces the susceptibility to congenital heart disease (CHD) in a Han Chinese population consisting of 2 340 CHD patients and 2 270 controls. Individuals carrying the heterozygous CG and homozygous GG genotypes had a 15% (odds ratio (OR) = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75-0.96, P = 0.011) and 40% (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49-0.73, P = 1.78 × 10(-7)) reduced risk to develop CHD than the wild-type CC genotype carriers in the combined samples, respectively. Additional stratified analyses demonstrated that CBS -4673C>G is significantly related to septation defects and conotruncal defects. In vivo detection of CBS mRNA levels in human cardiac tissues and in vitro luciferase assays consistently showed that the minor G allele significantly increased CBS transcription. A functional analysis revealed that both the attenuated transcription suppressor SP1 binding affinity and the CBS promoter hypomethylation specifically linked with the minor G allele contributed to the remarkably upregulated CBS expression. Consequently, the carriers with genetically increased CBS expression would benefit from the protection due to the low homocysteine levels maintained by CBS in certain cells during the critical heart development stages. These results shed light on unexpected role of CBS and highlight the importance of homocysteine removal in cardiac development.Cell Research advance online publication 18 September 2012; doi:10.1038/cr.2012.135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yuan Zhao
- 1] The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China [2] Institute of Sports Science and Technology, Administration of Sports of Anhui Province, 97 Wuhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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Biselli JM, Zampieri BL, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Haddad R, Fonseca MFR, Eberlin MN, Vannucchi H, Carvalho VM, Pavarino EC. Genetic polymorphisms modulate the folate metabolism of Brazilian individuals with Down syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9277-84. [PMID: 22903356 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) carry three copies of the Cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) gene. The increase in the dosage of this gene results in an altered profile of metabolites involved in the folate pathway, including reduced homocysteine (Hcy), methionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). Furthermore, previous studies in individuals with DS have shown that genetic variants in genes involved in the folate pathway influence the concentrations of this metabolism's products. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism affect the plasma concentrations of Hcy and methylmalonic acid (MMA) along with the concentration of serum folate in individuals with DS. Twelve genetic polymorphisms were investigated in 90 individuals with DS (median age 1.29 years, range 0.07-30.35 years; 49 male and 41 female). Genotyping for the polymorphisms was performed either by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based techniques or by direct sequencing. Plasma concentrations of Hcy and MMA were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as previously described, and serum folate was quantified using a competitive immunoassay. Our results indicate that the MTHFR C677T, MTR A2756G, TC2 C776G and BHMT G742A polymorphisms along with MMA concentration are predictors of Hcy concentration. They also show that age and Hcy concentration are predictors of MMA concentration. These findings could help to understand how genetic variation impacts folate metabolism and what metabolic consequences these variants have in individuals with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Biselli
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular (UPGEM), Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, n.o 5416-Bloco U-6, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP: 15.090-000, Brazil
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Weiner AS, Gordeeva LA, Voronina EN, Boyarskikh UA, Shabaldin AV, Filipenko ML. Polymorphisms in folate-metabolizing genes and risk of having an offspring with congenital anomalies in the West Siberian region of Russia: a case-control study. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena N. Voronina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Novosibirsk; Russia
| | | | - Andrey V. Shabaldin
- Scientific-Research Institute for Complex Studying of Cardiovascular Diseases; Kemerovo; Russia
| | - Maxim L. Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Novosibirsk; Russia
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20
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Weiner AS, Boyarskikh UA, Voronina EN, Selezneva IA, Sinkina TV, Lazarev AF, Petrova VD, Filipenko ML. Polymorphisms in the folate-metabolizing genes MTR, MTRR, and CBS and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:e95-e100. [PMID: 22236648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the nucleotide sequences of folate-metabolizing genes can increase the risk of malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the folate-metabolizing genes - A2756G MTR, A66G MTRR, and 844ins68 CBS - which have putative functional significance in breast cancer risk. The allele and genotype frequencies of the SNPs were determined in a case group (840 women with sporadic breast cancer) and a control group (770 women). No statistically significant association of studied SNPs with breast cancer was revealed. A meta-analysis, which included data obtained from the literature and the present research, did not reveal any statistically significant associations of these SNPs with breast cancer. The results obtained provide evidence that these SNPs are not involved in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Weiner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Group of Pharmacogenomics, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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21
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Božović IB, Vraneković J, Cizmarević NS, Mahulja-Stamenković V, Prpić I, Brajenović-Milić B. MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms as a risk factor for congenital heart defects in Down syndrome. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:546-50. [PMID: 21159028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHD) are present in most, but not all, cases of Down syndrome (DS). The presence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms has been reported as a risk factor for CHD in DS. The aims of the present study were to assess (i) the frequency of MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in DS individuals in the Croatian population; (ii) the relationship between the two maternal MTHFR polymorphisms and CHD-affected DS children; and (iii) the transmission frequencies of the variant alleles of the two MTHFR polymorphisms in CHD-affected DS. METHODS The study population included 112 DS subjects and 221 controls. CHD were present in 48% of the DS subjects (54/112). The mothers of 107 DS individuals were available for the study; none was a periconceptional folic acid user. Allele transmission was analyzed in 34 complete parent-offspring triads. RESULTS The frequencies of the allele, individual, and combined genotypes of MTHFR C677T and A1298C in DS subjects were not statistically different compared to the normal healthy Croatian controls. The maternal MTHFR polymorphisms were not found to be a risk factor for DS-related CHD. The allele transmission of the two MTHFR polymorphisms showed no deviations from random segregation. CONCLUSIONS Because the fetus is lost in a great proportion of trisomy 21 pregnancies, both maternal and fetal, not only live-born MTHFR C677T and A1298C, as well as maternal nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy, should be analyzed to asses the impact on CHD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Babić Božović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Bhaskar L, Murthy J, Venkatesh Babu G. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and orofacial clefts. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:723-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Coppedè F. One-carbon metabolism and Alzheimer's disease: focus on epigenetics. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:246-60. [PMID: 21119889 PMCID: PMC2930664 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791233090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive capacity severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and the quality of life. Rare, fully penetrant mutations in three genes (APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2) are responsible for familial forms of the disease. However, more than 90% of AD is sporadic, likely resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic modifications in AD pathogenesis. Folate metabolism, also known as one-carbon metabolism, is required for the production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is the major DNA methylating agent. AD individuals are characterized by decreased plasma folate values, as well as increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, and there is indication of impaired SAM levels in AD brains. Polymorphisms of genes participating in one-carbon metabolism have been associated with AD risk and/or with increased Hcy levels in AD individuals. Studies in rodents suggest that early life exposure to neurotoxicants or dietary restriction of folate and other B vitamins result in epigenetic modifications of AD related genes in the animal brains. Similarly, studies performed on human neuronal cell cultures revealed that folate and other B vitamins deprivation from the media resulted in epigenetic modification of the PSEN1 gene. There is also evidence of epigenetic modifications in the DNA extracted from blood and brains of AD subjects. Here I review one-carbon metabolism in AD, with emphasis on possible epigenetic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Pereira PL, Magnol L, Sahún I, Brault V, Duchon A, Prandini P, Gruart A, Bizot JC, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Deutsch S, Trovero F, Delgado-García JM, Antonarakis SE, Dierssen M, Herault Y. A new mouse model for the trisomy of the Abcg1-U2af1 region reveals the complexity of the combinatorial genetic code of down syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:4756-69. [PMID: 19783846 PMCID: PMC2778371 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental retardation in Down syndrome (DS), the most frequent trisomy in humans, varies from moderate to severe. Several studies both in human and based on mouse models identified some regions of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) as linked to cognitive deficits. However, other intervals such as the telomeric region of Hsa21 may contribute to the DS phenotype but their role has not yet been investigated in detail. Here we show that the trisomy of the 12 genes, found in the 0.59 Mb (Abcg1–U2af1) Hsa21 sub-telomeric region, in mice (Ts1Yah) produced defects in novel object recognition, open-field and Y-maze tests, similar to other DS models, but induces an improvement of the hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in the Morris water maze along with enhanced and longer lasting long-term potentiation in vivo in the hippocampus. Overall, we demonstrate the contribution of the Abcg1–U2af1 genetic region to cognitive defect in working and short-term recognition memory in DS models. Increase in copy number of the Abcg1–U2af1 interval leads to an unexpected gain of cognitive function in spatial learning. Expression analysis pinpoints several genes, such as Ndufv3, Wdr4, Pknox1 and Cbs, as candidates whose overexpression in the hippocampus might facilitate learning and memory in Ts1Yah mice. Our work unravels the complexity of combinatorial genetic code modulating different aspect of mental retardation in DS patients. It establishes definitely the contribution of the Abcg1–U2af1 orthologous region to the DS etiology and suggests new modulatory pathways for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lopes Pereira
- Molecular Embryology and Immunology, Université d'Orléans, UMR6218, Orléans Cedex 2, France
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The complex relationship between folate/homocysteine metabolism and risk of Down syndrome. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2009; 682:54-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chiang EPI, Wang YC, Chen WW, Tang FY. Effects of insulin and glucose on cellular metabolic fluxes in homocysteine transsulfuration, remethylation, S-adenosylmethionine synthesis, and global deoxyribonucleic acid methylation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1017-25. [PMID: 19088160 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the impact of pathophysiological elevations in insulin or glucose on hepatic cellular homocysteine kinetics is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of elevated insulin/glucose on hepatic homocysteine kinetics at the cellular level. DESIGN AND METHODS Effects of insulin and glucose on homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration metabolic fluxes were investigated in a cell model using stable isotopic tracers and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The methylation status was assessed by S-adenosylmethionine (adoMet), the adoMet to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, DNA methyltransferase activity, and methylated cytidine content of DNA. The expression profile of homocysteine remethylation, transmethylation, and transsulfuration-associated genes was determined. RESULTS Insulin increased cellular homocysteine production primarily by its inhibition of transsulfuration. When cells were exposed to elevated insulin and glucose, homocysteine remethylation was enhanced, which consequently increased intracellular adoMet concentrations by inducing adoMet synthase activity. Elevated glucose further enhanced DNA methyltransferase activity that subsequently led to increased global DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the novel finding of a direct promoting effect of high cellular insulin or glucose exposure on homocysteine remethylation, adoMet synthase activity, and adoMet synthesis. We also provided new evidence indicating that when hepatic tissue is exposed to elevated insulin or glucose, the cellular methylation balance can be altered, which may have potential epigenetic impacts gene regulation in diabetic individuals. These findings in a cell line may or may not reflect what happens in humans. In vivo studies on the homocysteine transmethylation fluxes and DNA methylation in diabetic state are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China.
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Biselli JM, Brumati D, Frigeri VF, Zampieri BL, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino-Bertelli ÉC. A80G polymorphism of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) and C776G polymorphism of transcobalamin 2 (TC2) genes in Down's syndrome etiology. SAO PAULO MED J 2008; 126:329-32. [PMID: 19274320 PMCID: PMC11025994 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802008000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2007] [Revised: 12/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE There is evidence that polymorphisms of genes involved in folate metabolism may be associated with higher risk that mothers may bear a Down's syndrome (DS) child. This study therefore had the objective of investigating the A80G polymorphism of the reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) gene and the C776G polymorphism of the transcobalamin 2 (TC2) gene as maternal risk factors for DS among Brazilian women. DESIGN AND SETTING Analytical cross-sectional study with control group, at Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp). METHODS Sixty-seven mothers of DS individuals with free trisomy 21, and 113 control mothers, were studied. Molecular analysis of the polymorphisms was performed by means of the polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), followed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel. RESULTS The frequencies of the polymorphic alleles were 0.51 and 0.52 for RFC1 80G, and 0.34 and 0.34 for TC2 776G, in the case and control groups, respectively. Thus, there were no differences between the groups in relation to either the allele or the genotype frequency, for both polymorphisms (P = 0.696 for RFC1 A80G; P = 0.166 for TC2 C776G; P = 0.268 for combined genotypes). CONCLUSION There was no evidence of any association between the RFC1 A80G and TC2 C776G polymorphisms and the maternal risk of DS in the sample evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Érika Cristina Pavarino-Bertelli
- Érika Cristina Pavarino Bertelli Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (Famerp) Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular (UPGEM) Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5.416 — Bloco U-6 São José do Rio Preto (SP) — Brasil CEP 15090-000 Tel. (+55 17) 3201-5720 Fax. (+55 17) 3201-5708 E-mail:
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Katzen-Luchenta J. The declaration of nutrition, health, and intelligence for the child-to-be. Nutr Health 2008; 19:85-102. [PMID: 18309769 DOI: 10.1177/026010600701900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Declaration of Nutrition, Health, and Intelligence for the Child-to-be is an urgent cry from the unborn child for a life-span of nutrients for physical and mental wellness. It is a proclamation of paramount importance for everyone involved in child development: parents, health professionals, teachers, government agencies, all producers of food--and children, so they may learn how to feed themselves well. The Declaration of Olympia on Nutrition and Fitness, 1996, came from a group pf nutritional scientists and medical doctors to commemorate the Olympic Games' 100th anniversary. They based it on the health principles of Hippocrates: genetics, the age of the individual, the powers of various foods, and exercise. Following today's vast wealth of nutritional research and expressing it with my teaching experience, I have revitalized the Declaration of Olympia by writing from the heart of the little learner and the hope of the child-to-be. The nutrients implicated in healthy reproduction and lifelong health include B vitamins, particularly B1, B6, folate, B1312 antioxidants, particularly vitamins C and E: minerals such as iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iodine, and copper; and essential fatty acids, particularly DHA. These nutrients also lower the risk of neural tube defects: autism, dyslexia, Down's syndrome: childhood cancers, obesity, and defective fetal cell membranes associated with maternal diabetes. Our metabolism is hugely influenced also by activity and by affection. Today's foods are often processed beyond the cells' recognition and can result in neurological and physical morbidity and mortality. A diet of unprocessed free-range animals and seafood: legumes, deep-colored vegetables and fruits: nuts, seeds, and whole grains, germ and bran, reinstates nutritional potency.
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Barbosa PR, Stabler SP, Trentin R, Carvalho FR, Luchessi AD, Hirata RD, Hirata MH, Allen RH, Guerra-Shinohara EM. Evaluation of nutritional and genetic determinants of total homocysteine, methylmalonic acid and S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine values in Brazilian childbearing-age women. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 388:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Biselli JM, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Haddad R, Eberlin MN, Pavarino-Bertelli EC. The MTR A2756G polymorphism is associated with an increase of plasma homocysteine concentration in Brazilian individuals with Down syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 41:34-40. [PMID: 18060320 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present decreased homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, reflecting a functional folate deficiency secondary to overexpression of the cystathionine ss-synthase gene. Since plasma Hcy may be influenced by genetic polymorphisms, we evaluated the influence of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), of A2756G polymorphism in the methionine synthase gene (MTR), and of A80G polymorphism in the reduced folate carrier 1 gene on Hcy concentrations in Brazilian DS patients. Fifty-six individuals with free trisomy 21 were included in the study. Plasma Hcy concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography_tandem mass spectrometry with linear regression coefficient r(2) = 0.9996, average recovery between 92.3 to 108.3% and quantification limits of 1.0 micromol/L. Hcy concentrations >15 micromol/L were considered to characterize hyperhomocystinemia. Genotyping for the polymorphisms was carried out by polymerase chain reaction followed by enzyme digestion and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The mean Hcy concentration was 5.2 +/- 3.3 micromol/L. There was no correlation between Hcy concentrations and age, gender or MTHFR C677T, A1298C and reduced folate carrier 1 A80G genotype. However, Hcy concentrations were significantly increased in the MTR 2756AG heterozygous genotype compared to the MTR 2756AA wild-type genotype. The present results suggest that the heterozygous genotype MTR 2756AG is associated with the increase in plasma Hcy concentrations in this group of Brazilian patients with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Biselli
- Unidade de Pesquisa em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
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Concurrent folate treatment prevents Na+,K+‐ATPase activity inhibition and memory impairments caused by chronic hyperhomocysteinemia during rat development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:545-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Galletti P, De Bonis ML, Sorrentino A, Raimo M, D'Angelo S, Scala I, Andria G, D'Aniello A, Ingrosso D, Zappia V. Accumulation of altered aspartyl residues in erythrocyte proteins from patients with Down's syndrome. FEBS J 2007; 274:5263-77. [PMID: 17892495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous protein deamidation of labile Asn residues, generating L-isoaspartates and D-aspartates, is associated with cell aging and is enhanced by an oxidative microenvironment; to minimize the damage, the isoaspartate residues can be 'repaired' by a specific L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) protein O-methyltransferase (PIMT). As both premature aging and chronic oxidative stress are typical features of Down's syndrome (DS), we tested the hypothesis that deamidated proteins may build up in trisomic patients. Blood samples were obtained from children with karyotypically confirmed full trisomy 21 and from age-matched healthy controls. Using recombinant PIMT as a probe, we demonstrated a dramatic rise of L-isoaspartates in erythrocyte membrane proteins from DS patients. The content of D-aspartate was also significantly increased. The integrity of the repair system was checked by evaluating methionine transport, PIMT specific activity, and intracellular concentrations of adenosylmethionine and adenosylhomocysteine. The overall methylation pathway was directly monitored by incubating fresh red blood cells with methyl-labeled methionine; a three-fold increase of protein methyl esters was detected in trisomic children. Deamidated species include ankyrin, band 4.1, band 4.2 and the integral membrane protein band 3; ankyrin and band 4.1 were significantly hypermethylated in DS. When DS red blood cells were subjected to oxidative treatment in vitro, the increase of protein deamidation paralleled lipid peroxidation and free radical generation. We observed a similar pattern in Epstein-Barr virus B-lymphocytes from trisomic patients. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that protein instability at asparagine sites is a biochemical feature of DS, presumably depending upon the oxidative microenvironment. The possible pathophysiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Galletti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Zana M, Janka Z, Kálmán J. Oxidative stress: A bridge between Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 28:648-76. [PMID: 16624449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Besides the genetic, biochemical and neuropathological analogies between Down's syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is ample evidence of the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of both disorders. The present paper reviews the publications on DS and AD in the past 10 years in light of the "gene dosage" and "two-hit" hypotheses, with regard to the alterations caused by OS in both the central nervous system and the periphery, and the main pipeline of antioxidant therapeutic strategies. OS occurs decades prior to the signature pathology and manifests as lipid, protein and DNA oxidation, and mitochondrial abnormalities. In clinical settings, the assessment of OS has traditionally been hampered by the use of assays that suffer from inherent problems related to specificity and/or sensitivity, which explains some of the conflicting results presented in this work. For DS, no scientifically proven diet or drug is yet available, and AD trials have not provided a satisfactory approach for the prevention of and therapy against OS, although most of them still need evidence-based confirmation. In the future, a balanced up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, together with multiple exogenous antioxidant supplementation, may be expected to be one of the most promising treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zana
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis St, Szeged H-6725, Hungary.
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Vyletal P, Sokolová J, Cooper DN, Kraus JP, Krawczak M, Pepe G, Rickards O, Koch HG, Linnebank M, Kluijtmans LAJ, Blom HJ, Boers GHJ, Gaustadnes M, Skovby F, Wilcken B, Wilcken DEL, Andria G, Sebastio G, Naughten ER, Yap S, Ohura T, Pronicka E, Laszlo A, Kožich V. Diversity of cystathionine beta-synthase haplotypes bearing the most common homocystinuria mutation c.833T>C: a possible role for gene conversion. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:255-64. [PMID: 17072863 PMCID: PMC2630376 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for the c.833T>C transition (p.I278T) in the cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene represents the most common cause of pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria in Western Eurasians. However, the frequency of the pathogenic c.833C allele, as observed in healthy newborns from several European countries (qc.833C ≊ 3.3 × 10–3), is ∼20-fold higher than expected on the basis of the observed number of symptomatic homocystinuria patients carrying this mutation (qc.833C ≊ 0.18 × 10–3), implying clinical underascertainment. Intriguingly, the c.833C mutation is also present in combination with a 68-bp insertion, c.[833C; 844_845ins68], in a substantial proportion of chromosomes from nonhomocystinuric individuals worldwide. We have sought to study the relationship between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic c.833C-bearing chromosomes and to determine whether the pathogenic c.[833C; −] chromosomes are identical-by-descent or instead arose by recurrent mutation. Initial haplotype analysis of 780 randomly selected Czech and sub-Saharan African wild-type chromosomes, employing 12 intragenic markers, revealed 29 distinct CBS haplotypes, of which 10 carried the c.[833C; 844_845ins68] combination; none carried an isolated c.833C or c.844_845ins68 mutation. Subsequent examination of 69 pathogenic c.[833C; −] chromosomes, derived from homocystinuria patients of predominantly European origin, disclosed three unrelated haplotypes that differed from their wild-type counterparts by virtue of the presence of c.833C, thereby indicating that c.833T>C transition has occurred repeatedly and independently in the past. Since c.833T does not reside within an obvious mutational hotspot, we surmise that the three pathogenic and comparatively prevalent c.[833C; −] chromosomes may have originated by recurrent gene conversion employing the common nonpathogenic c.[833C; 844_845ins68] chromosomes as templates. Hum Mutat 28(3), 255–264, 2007. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.†
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vyletal
- Center for Applied Genomics, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University 1st Faculty of MedicinePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Center for Applied Genomics, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University 1st Faculty of MedicinePrague, Czech Republic
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jan P. Kraus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, Colorado
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Statistik, Christian-Albrechts UniversitätKiel, Germany
| | - Guglielmina Pepe
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Center of Research, Transfer, High Education “DENOthe,” University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Olga Rickards
- Centre of Molecular Anthropology for Ancient DNA Studies, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”Rome, Italy
| | - Hans G. Koch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebank
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital MünsterMünster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Leo A. J. Kluijtmans
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, University Medical Centre NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Blom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, University Medical Centre NijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Godfried H. J. Boers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital NijmegenNijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Gaustadnes
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University HospitalAarhus, Denmark
| | - Flemming Skovby
- Department of Clinical Genetics, RigshospitaletCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bridget Wilcken
- The Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E. L. Wilcken
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Prince of Wales HospitalRandwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Generoso Andria
- Department of Paediatrics, Federico II UniversityNaples, Italy
| | | | - Eileen R. Naughten
- The National Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, The Children's University HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Sufin Yap
- The National Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, The Children's University HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Toshihiro Ohura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Ewa Pronicka
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsaw, Poland
| | - Aranka Laszlo
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical Center, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Center for Applied Genomics, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University 1st Faculty of MedicinePrague, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence to: Dr. Viktor Kožich, Institute of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Charles University 1st Faculty of Medicine, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Praha 2, Czech Republic. E-mail:
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Chango A, Abdennebi-Najar L, Tessier F, Ferré S, Do S, Guéant JL, Nicolas JP, Willequet F. Quantitative methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR method to determine differential genomic DNA methylation in down syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:492-6. [PMID: 16949045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Relative levels of DNA hypermethylation were quantified in DS individuals using a new method based on a combination of methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (MS-AP-PCR) and quantification of DNA fragments with the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. Four of the DS individuals had low plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level (4.3 +/- 0.3 micromol/l) and 4 other had high-tHcy level (14.1 +/- 0.9 micromol/l). Eight healthy control individuals were matched to the DS cases for age, sex, and tHcy levels. We have identified and quantified six hypermethylated fragments. Their sizes ranged from 230-bp to 700-bp. In cases and controls, low-tHcy did not affect methylation level of identified fragments, mean methylation values were 68.0 +/- 39.7% and 52.1 +/- 40.3%, respectively. DNA methylation in DS individuals did not change significantly (59.7+/-34.5%) in response to high-tHcy level in contrast to controls (23.4 +/- 17.7%, P = 0.02). Further, the quantitative MS-AP-PCR using this microfludic system is a useful method for determining differential genomic DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abalo Chango
- ISAB, Department of Animal Science and Nutritional Science and Health, Beauvais, France.
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Abstract
The influence of folate nutritional status on various pregnancy outcomes has long been recognized. Studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s led to the recognition of prenatal folic acid supplementation as a means to prevent pregnancy-induced megaloblastic anemia. In the 1990s, the utility of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and folic acid food fortification emerged when they were proven to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects. These distinctively different uses of folic acid may well be ranked among the most significant public health measures for the prevention of pregnancy-related disorders. Folate is now viewed not only as a nutrient needed to prevent megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy but also as a vitamin essential for reproductive health. This review focuses on the relation between various outcomes of human reproduction (ie, pregnancy, lactation, and male reproduction) and folate nutrition and metabolism, homocysteine metabolism, and polymorphisms of genes that encode folate-related enzymes or proteins, and we identify issues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunenobu Tamura
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Licastro F, Marocchi A, Penco S, Porcellini E, Lio D, Dogliotti G, Corsi MM. Does Down's syndrome support the homocysteine theory of atherogenesis? Experience in elderly subjects with trisomy 21. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 43:381-7. [PMID: 16533539 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is generally considered as an "atheroma-free model". In this preliminary study, we investigated homocysteine, folate and Vitamin B(12) levels in 13 DS patients (male, average age 60 years) and 20 age-matched individuals. We also studied lipid fractions, and polymorphisms for Cystothionine beta-synthase (CBS), 5,10-methyl-tetrahydro-folate reductase (MTHFR) and apolipoprotein E (Apo-E) genes. However, DS patients with the MTHFR TT genotype showed an increased of plasma homocysteine (tHcy). Our results indicate that this group of "healthy old" Down syndrome patients, although showing some classical biochemical risk factors for atherosclerosis, did not suffer clinical cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Licastro
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Laboratory of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Dierssen M, Ortiz-Abalia J, Arqué G, de Lagrán MM, Fillat C. Pitfalls And Hopes in Down Syndrome Therapeutic Approaches: In the Search for Evidence-Based Treatments. Behav Genet 2006; 36:454-68. [PMID: 16520905 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is a complex syndrome, of genetic origin with multiple and variable neurobiological and neuropsychological manifestations. DS patients have consistent signs of brain damage along their lives, but understanding the biology of DS is complicated due to the extraordinary heterogeneity of the phenotypic signs. Thus, treatment of DS mental retardation poses significant challenges for clinicians and scientists. The review addresses the classical pharmacological and environmental treatments and also critically reviews the new possibilities that are emerging from the exciting advances in gene or cell therapy. We describe some of the most recent developments in the field and give a sense of the prospects for future prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Genes and Disease Program, Genomic Regulation Center, (CRG-UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Spain
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Matté C, Durigon E, Stefanello FM, Cipriani F, Wajner M, Wyse ATS. Folic acid pretreatment prevents the reduction of Na+,K+‐ATPase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in rats subjected to acute hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006; 24:3-8. [PMID: 16442260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2005.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of folic acid pretreatment on parietal cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and serum butyrylcholinesterase activities in rats subjected to acute hyperhomocysteinemia. Animals were pretreated daily with an intraperitoneal injection of folic acid (5 mg/kg) or saline from the 22th to the 28th day of age. Twelve hours after the last injection of folic acid or saline, the rats received a single subcutaneous injection of homocysteine (0.6 micromol/g of weight body) or saline and were killed 1h later. Serum was collected and the brain was quickly removed and parietal cortex dissected. Results showed that acute homocysteine administration significantly decreased the activities of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and butyrylcholinesterase on parietal cortex and serum, respectively. Furthermore, folic acid pretreatment totally prevented these inhibitory effects. We also evaluated the effect of acute homocysteine administration on some parameters of oxidative stress, namely thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and total thiol content in parietal cortex of rats. No alteration of these parameters were observed in parietal cortex of homocysteinemic animals, indicating that these oxidative stress parameters were probably not responsible for the reduction of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and butyrylcholinesterase activities. The presented results confirm previous findings that acute hyperhomocysteinemia produces an inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and butyrylcholinesterase activities and that pretreatment with folic acid prevents such effects. Assuming that homocysteine might also reduce the activities of these enzymes in human beings, our results support a new potential therapeutic strategy based on folic acid supplementation to prevent the neurological damage found in hyperhomocysteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Matté
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Chango A, Willequet F, Fillon-Emery N, Nicolas JP, Bléhaut H. The single nucleotide polymorphism (80G-->A) of reduced folate carrier gene in trisomy 21. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1667-9. [PMID: 15585786 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.6.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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