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Saidj S, Ruchat SM, Henderson M, Tremblay A, Mathieu ME. Physiological response during exercise is preserved in children exposed to a suboptimal gestational environment. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1551-1557. [PMID: 39045675 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether exposure to suboptimal gestational factors (SGFs) alters mechanical efficiency (ME) and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise in children as a mechanism contributing to obesity. METHODS Data from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort were used. Children aged 8 to 10 years performed an incremental maximal cycling test with indirect calorimetry. Their ME was measured during submaximal and maximal effort. The substrate oxidation during rest and submaximal effort was also computed. ME and substrate oxidation results between children exposed to each SGF during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus: n = 68; hypertensive disorders: n = 49; maternal smoking: n = 77) and nonexposed children (n = 370) were compared. RESULTS No difference was observed for ME during submaximal (F[3,540] = 0.46, p = 0.713) and maximal effort (F[3,545] = 0.86, p = 0.463) between exposed and nonexposed children. The percentage contributions of lipids and carbohydrates did not differ during rest (F[3,545] =1.68, p = 0.169) or submaximal exercise (F[3,544] = 0.31, p = 0.534) between exposed and nonexposed children. CONCLUSIONS Children exposed to investigated SGFs display a similar physiological response regarding ME and substrate oxidation during rest and exercise compared to nonexposed children. Future studies should confirm these novel results and continue investigating other research avenues to explain the higher risk of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Saidj
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie-May Ruchat
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Azrieli Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Azrieli Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Vispute S, Mandlik R, Patwardhan V, Gondhalekar K, Khadilkar V, Khadilkar A. Prevalence and determinants of primary hypertension in urban and rural children from six Indian States– a multicentre study. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Łuszczki E, Bartosiewicz A, Kuchciak M, Dereń K, Oleksy Ł, Adamska O, Mazur A. Longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure and body mass composition in physically active children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:260. [PMID: 35538456 PMCID: PMC9088021 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring body composition and changes in energy expenditure during maturation and growth is significant, as many components can influence body structure in adulthood. In the case of young players, when these changes can influence their strength and power, it seems to be equally important. Our aim was to examine whether resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition would change after 10 months from baseline in physically active children and adolescents. Methods We obtained data from 80 children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years at two measurement points: the baseline in September 2018 and after 10 months in July 2019. The study was carried out using a calorimeter (Fitmate MED, Cosmed, Rome, Italy), a device used to assess body composition using by the electrical bioimpedance method by means of a segment analyzer (TANITA MC-980). The Student’s t-test and linear regression analysis were used. Using the stepwise forward regression procedure, the selection of factors in a statistically significant way that describes the level of REE was made. Results We noticed that REE was not significantly different between baseline (1596.94 ± 273.01 kcal) and after 10 months (1625.38 ± 253.26 kcal). When analyzing the difference in REE between studies girls, we found body height as a significant predictor. The results of our study show a negative relationship between growth and REE. Differences between sexes and age in REE between baseline and after 10 months were not significant. Conclusions Our study involving physically active children and adolescents, which used repeated objective measures and longitudinal statistical modeling to analyze them, was unable to demonstrate any interaction between body weight change, body composition measurements, and REE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03326-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuchciak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Physiotherapy and Sports Centre, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Olga Adamska
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Mazur
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rzeszow, Poland
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4
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Resting metabolic rate and its association with body composition parameters in 9-18-year-old Indian children and adolescents. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Rimbach R, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Ainslie PN, Anderson LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Das SK, Dugas LR, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Speakman JR, Pontzer H. Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:99. [PMID: 35013190 PMCID: PMC8748652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but not children. Bivariate Bayesian mixed models show no among or within-individual correlation between body composition (fat mass or percentage) and unadjusted TEE in adults. For adults aged 20-60 y (N = 267; time interval: 7.4 ± 12.2 weeks), increases in adjusted TEE are associated with weight gain but not with changes in body composition; results are similar for subjects with intervals >4 weeks (N = 53; 29.1 ± 12.8 weeks). This suggests low TEE is not a risk factor for, and high TEE is not protective against, weight or body fat gain over the time intervals tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rimbach
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lene F Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven Unversity of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | - Peter Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Misaka Kimura
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Maastricht and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital's-Hertogenbosch, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China.
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Kumordzie SM, Okronipa H, Arimond M, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ocansey ME, Young RR, Bentil HJ, Tamakloe SM, Oaks BM, Dewey KG. Maternal and child factors associated with child body fatness in a Ghanaian cohort. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:309-318. [PMID: 31340880 PMCID: PMC6988376 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify factors (child diet, physical activity; maternal BMI) associated with body composition of Ghanaian pre-school children. DESIGN Longitudinal analysis of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS)-DYAD-Ghana randomized trial, which enrolled 1320 pregnant women at ≤20 weeks' gestation and followed them and their infants until 6 and 18 months postpartum, respectively. At follow-up, child age 4-6 years, we collected data on body composition (by 2H dilution), physical activity and diet, extracted dietary patterns using factor analysis, and examined the association of children's percentage body fat with maternal and child factors by regression analysis. SETTING Eastern Region, Ghana. PARTICIPANTS Children 4-6 years of age. RESULTS The analysis included 889 children with percentage body fat and dietary data at follow-up. We identified two major dietary patterns, a snacking and a cooked foods pattern. Percentage body fat was positively associated (standardized β (se)) with maternal BMI at follow-up (0·10 (0·03); P = 0·003) and negatively associated with physical activity (-0·15 (0·05); P = 0·003, unadjusted for child gender), but not associated with the snacking (0·06 (0·03); P = 0·103) or cooked foods (-0·05 (0·07); P = 0·474) pattern. Boys were more active than girls (1470 v. 1314 mean vector magnitude counts/min; P < 0·0001) and had lower percentage body fat (13·8 v. 16·9 %; P < 0·0001). CONCLUSIONS In this population, maternal overweight and child physical activity, especially among girls, may be key factors for addressing child overweight/obesity. We did not demonstrate a relationship between the dietary patterns and body fatness, which may be related to limitations of the dietary data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sika M Kumordzie
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Harriet Okronipa
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary Arimond
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Intake – Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI 360, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana,Legon, Ghana
| | - Maku E Ocansey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rebecca R Young
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Helena J Bentil
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana,Legon, Ghana
| | - Solace M Tamakloe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana,Legon, Ghana
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 3253 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Péronnet F, Haman F. Low capacity to oxidize fat and body weight. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1367-1383. [PMID: 31353786 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For a given positive energy balance, a low capacity to oxidize fat could contribute to weight gain (low fat oxidation hypothesis). This hypothesis is based on the arguments that for a given stable diet and food quotient (FQ), the respiratory quotient (RQ) is higher in obesity prone (OP) than in obesity resistant individuals (OR) and that a high RQ predicts higher future weight gain. A review of 42 studies shows that there is no convincing experimental support to these arguments and thus for the low fat oxidation hypothesis. A power analysis also shows that this hypothesis might be impossible to experimentally confirm because very large numbers of subjects would be needed to reject the null hypotheses that the 24-h RQ is not different in OP and OR or that future weight gain is not different in individuals with a low and high 24-h RQ at baseline. A re-examination of the significance of the 24-hour and fasting RQ also shows that the assumption underlying the low fat oxidation hypothesis that a high RQ reflects a low capacity to oxidize fat is not valid: For a stable diet, the 24-h RQ entirely depends on FQ and energy balance, and the fasting RQ mainly depends on the FQ and energy balance and on the size of glycogen stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Péronnet
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - François Haman
- École des sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Danielson A, Thorsson O, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Dencker M. School-based study found that physical activity and aerobic fitness predicted increases in total body fat and abdominal fat at a mean age of 9.8 years. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1810-1817. [PMID: 29468737 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We assessed whether baseline measurements of physical activity, aerobic fitness, body fat and abdominal fat were predictors of changes in body fat measurements over a two-year period. METHODS The study comprised of 204 children aged 9.8 ± 0.6 years with a normal body mass distribution, who recruited from four schools in middle-class areas of Malmö, Sweden, from 2001 to 2004. Peak oxygen uptake and physical activity were measured at baseline. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and two years later. RESULTS Physical activity, aerobic fitness and total body fat or abdominal fat were predictors of change in total body fat or abdominal fat over a period of two years. Changes in the percentage of body fat were not related to any of the baseline measurements. CONCLUSION Our two-year follow-up of children with a mean age of 9.8 years at baseline showed that physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat or abdominal fat predicted changes in total body fat or abdominal fat, but not the percentage of body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danielson
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Bergen Norway
| | - Magnus Dencker
- Department of Translational Medicine; Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine; Skåne University Hospital; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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9
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Park J, Ishikawa-Takata K, Lee S, Kim E, Lim K, Kim H, Lee IS, Tanaka S. Comparison of daily physical activity parameters using objective methods between overweight and normal-weight children. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:210-217. [PMID: 30356488 PMCID: PMC6180554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to determine if there were any differences in various aspects of physical activity such as energy expenditure, intensity, and type of activity between normal-weight and overweight boys. METHODS Children aged 9-12 years were recruited from 2 elementary schools located in different urban districts in Republic of Korea. The present study included 45 Korean boys, of which 19 were normal-weight and 26 were overweight. Daily physical activity was estimated over the same 1-week study period under free-living conditions using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and a tri-axial accelerometer. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using the Douglas bag method and open-circuit indirect calorimetry. We calculated the physical activity level (PAL) as the total energy expenditure (TEE)/RMR. RESULTS PAL was not significantly different between the groups. In the accelerometer data, time spent in locomotive moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly lower in overweight boys than in normal-weight subjects, whereas other variables including non-locomotive activity did not differ between groups. In addition, among all participants, time spent in total locomotive activity was significantly associated with PAL. Time spent in locomotive MVPA was significantly associated with PAL. CONCLUSION Overweight boys may be less physically active based on locomotive MVPA, which was positively related with PAL. Our findings suggest that the contribution of locomotive MVPA to the increase in PAL was relatively significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sangjik Lee
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungryul Kim
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Lee
- Division of Food Service Industry, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Zinkel SRJ, Berkowitz RI, Stunkard AJ, Stallings VA, Faith M, Thomas D, Schoeller DA. High energy expenditure is not protective against increased adiposity in children. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:528-534. [PMID: 26909758 PMCID: PMC4993690 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of energy expenditure (TEE) may contribute to excess weight during childhood, but limited longitudinal data exist. OBJECTIVES This is to test whether low TEE during the first 6 years of life could predict excess weight status at 8 years. METHODS Total energy expenditure from doubly labelled water, weight, stature, waist circumference and fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) in children at 0.25, 2, 4 and 6 years of age. This cohort includes individuals at high (n = 27) and low risk (n = 26) for childhood obesity, based upon whether pre-pregnant maternal obesity. A linear mixed effects model was fit to TEE. Individual variation was accounted for as a random effect. Residual TEE was calculated for age and individually averaged across time. RESULTS Fat-free mass (kg) was highly correlated (R2 = 0.91) with TEE (kcal/day), and waist circumference and sex were also significant predictors of TEE. TEE residual tracked within individuals. TEE residuals did not correlate with either BMI or %fat at age 8 years. CONCLUSION Using the residual TEE approach to identify high and low TEE during the first 6 years of life did not explain excess weight at 8 years of life in this cohort of children at high and low risk of obesity based upon maternal obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah RJ Zinkel
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Robert I Berkowitz
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - Albert J Stunkard
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | | | - Myles Faith
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - Diana Thomas
- Center for Quantitative Obesity Research, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ
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11
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Collings PJ, Wijndaele K, Corder K, Westgate K, Ridgway CL, Sharp SJ, Atkin AJ, Stephen AM, Bamber D, Goodyer I, Brage S, Ekelund U. Objectively measured physical activity and longitudinal changes in adolescent body fatness: an observational cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:107-14. [PMID: 25919340 PMCID: PMC4780592 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The data regarding prospective associations between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in youth are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate associations between baseline levels of objectively measured PA and changes in adiposity over 2.5 years from mid-to-late adolescence. METHODS This was an observational cohort study in 728 school students (43% boys) from Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Fat mass index (FMI, kg m(-2) ) was estimated at baseline (mean ± standard deviation age: 15 ± 0.3 years) and follow-up (17.5 ± 0.3 years) by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Habitual PA was assessed at baseline by ≥3 d combined heart rate and movement sensing. Average daily PA energy expenditure (PAEE) and the time (min d(-1) ) spent in light, moderate and vigorous intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA, respectively) was estimated. Multilevel models were used to investigate associations between baseline PA and change in FMI (ΔFMI). Adjustment for baseline age, sex, follow-up duration, area-level socioeconomic status, season of PA assessment, sedentary time, energy intake and sleep duration was made; baseline FMI was also added in a second model. RESULTS FMI increased significantly over follow-up (0.6 ± 1.2 kg m(-2) , P < 0.001). Baseline PAEE and LPA positively predicted ΔFMI in overfat participants (P ≤ 0.030), as did VPA in initially normal fat participants (P ≤ 0.044). There were further positive associations between PAEE and ΔFMI in normal fat participants, and between MPA and ΔFMI in both fat groups, when adjusted for baseline FMI (P ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Baseline PAEE and its subcomponents were positively associated with small and unlikely clinically relevant increases in ΔFMI. These counter-intuitive findings may be explained by behavioural changes during the course of study follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Collings
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Wijndaele
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Corder
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - K. Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - C. L. Ridgway
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - S. J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - A. J. Atkin
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR)MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - A. M. Stephen
- MRC Human Nutrition ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D. Bamber
- Developmental Lifecourse Research GroupDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - I. Goodyer
- Developmental Lifecourse Research GroupDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - S. Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - U. Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK,Department of Sport MedicineNorwegian School of Sports ScienceOsloNorway
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12
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Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity is a major public health issue and contributes to the 'double burden' of disease in developing countries. Early exposure to poor nutrition may cause metabolic adaptations that, when accompanied by exposure to 'affluent' nutrition, may increase the risk for obesity and other metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine differences in energy metabolism and nutritional status between normal-height and growth-retarded North Korean children living in South Korea. A total of 29 children were recruited and underwent measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), anthropometrics and dietary intake. There was no difference in REE or any assessment of obesity between the growth-retarded and normal-height children. Children who were classified as growth retarded (HAZ<-1.0) or stunted (HAZ<-2.0) had a significantly higher RQ (β=0.036 or 0.060, respectively, P=0.018 or 0.016), independent of sex, age, fat-free mass, fat mass and food quotient, compared with children with normal height. The results from this study, the first from an Asian population, add to the growing body of literature suggesting that undernutrition early in life results in adaptations in energy metabolism that favor fat deposition, increasing the risk of stunted children becoming overweight or obese later in life. Continued research on this topic is warranted, given the continued rise in the prevalence of the double burden in transitional countries.
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13
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Neville MM, Geppert J, Min Y, Grimble G, Crawford MA, Ghebremeskel K. Dietary fat intake, body composition and blood lipids of university men and women. Nutr Health 2013; 21:173-85. [PMID: 23533205 DOI: 10.1177/0260106012467242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease rates are high in the U.K., particular in men, and are related to dietary fat intake. We conducted a pilot study to investigate relationships between saturated and unsaturated dietary fat intakes, body composition and blood lipid parameters in Caucasian men and women at university. METHODS Volunteers (52 men and 52 women; age range 20-50 years) were recruited from staff and students of London Metropolitan University. Dietary intake, body composition, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose and lipids were assessed. Gender differences between the measured variables and their relationships were assessed by Mann-Whitney U-test, and by multi-linear (stepwise) regression, respectively. RESULTS Men consumed more saturated fat (29.5 vs. 20.5 g/day, p < 0.001), and had elevated levels of glucose (5.34 + 0.74 vs. 4.85 + 0.49 mmol/l, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.99 + 1.5 vs. 2.62+ 0.74 mmol/l, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (126.4 + 11.0 vs. 112.6 + 17.2 mm/Hg, p < 0.001), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (1.41 ± 0.34 vs. 1.83 ± 0.43, p < 0.001). Saturated fat was positively associated with total body fat ( p < 0.05), trunk fat ( p < 0.001), HDL cholesterol ( p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure ( p < 0.001) in women, while in men docosahexaenoic acid and total cholesterol ( p < 0.05), total omega-3 fatty acids and LDL cholesterol ( p < 0.001), total omega-3 fatty acids and triglycerides ( p < 0.01) were positively related. Similar n-3 fatty acid intakes were reported in nutritionally aware students and other university subjects. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study indicate gender-related differences in response to dietary fat, and widespread low compliance with n-3 fatty acid recommendations. Although the men are highly health conscious and physically active, their blood lipid levels are indicative of a risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to enhanced nutritional education to increase seafood intakes in this age group of men and women, customised dietary and lifestyle advice may be required in the men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita M Neville
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.
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14
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Resting energy expenditure and adiposity accretion among children with Down syndrome: a 3-year prospective study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1087-91. [PMID: 23900244 PMCID: PMC3790863 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of obesity than other children. Whether this increased risk for obesity is due to a lower resting energy expenditure (REE) is controversial. Our study assessed whether 1) the REE of children with DS adjusted for fat free mass (FFM) was lower than that of sibling controls and 2) the changes in fat mass (FM) over three years were associated with FFM-adjusted baseline REE. Methods This study used cross-sectional and prospective cohort designs. Four annual measurement visits were conducted with 28 children with DS and 35 sibling controls aged 3–10y. REE and serum thyroxine (T4) were measured at baseline. Anthropometry, skinfold thicknesses measures, and, in a subsample, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used at each visit to calculate FM. Results Children with DS had significantly lower REE adjusted for FFM (−78 kcal/day, 95% CI: −133 to −27, p=0.003). The difference remained significant after adjustment for FM, sex, and African ancestry (−49 kcal/day, 95% CI: −94 to −4, p=0.03). In the longitudinal analysis, the baseline REE adjusted for baseline FFM was not predictive of FM accretion over time (p=0.8). Conclusion Children with DS have lower REE than sibling controls, but REE was not associated with changes in FM over time. The results suggest that the lower REE of children with DS does not explain their increased risk for obesity.
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15
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Zakrzewski JK, Tolfrey K. Acute effect of Fatmax exercise on the metabolism in overweight and nonoverweight girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:1698-705. [PMID: 22525763 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31825804cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise can reduce postprandial insulin concentrations and increase fat oxidation in adults, which may have important implications for insulin resistance and weight control. However, similar studies with young people or comparing overweight (OW) and nonoverweight (NO) individuals are sparse. Therefore, the acute effect of Fatmax exercise on glucose, insulin, and fat oxidation was examined in 12 OW and 15 NO girls. METHODS Participants completed two 2-d conditions in a counterbalanced order. On day 1, participants either expended 2.09 MJ (500 kcal) during treadmill exercise at individual Fatmax (EX) or 0.47 MJ (112 kcal) during rest (CON). On day 2, capillary blood and expired air samples were taken in the fasting state and at regular intervals for 2 h after high-glycemic-index breakfast consumption. Subsequently, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were determined, and fat oxidation was estimated. RESULTS Blood glucose was similar between conditions in both groups (P > 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin (P = 0.047) and total area under the 2-h curve (P = 0.049) were reduced for EX compared with CON in the NO, but not OW girls (P > 0.05). Fasting fat oxidation was higher for EX than for CON in the NO girls (P = 0.036) and fat oxidation total area under the 2-h curve was higher for EX in both groups of girls (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A bout of Fatmax exercise performed ~16 h before high-glycemic-index breakfast consumption reduced fasting and postprandial insulin concentrations in NO girls and increased fat oxidation in both OW and NO girls. The higher postintervention energy and CHO intake in the OW compared with the NO girls or differences in metabolism between the two groups may have compromised potential exercise-induced reductions in insulin the OW girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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16
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DeLany JP, Kelley DE, Hames KC, Jakicic JM, Goodpaster BH. High energy expenditure masks low physical activity in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 37:1006-11. [PMID: 23090575 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2012.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate energy expenditure in lean and obese individuals, focusing particularly on physical activity and severely obese individuals. DESIGN Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was assessed using doubly labeled water, resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry, activity energy expenditure (AEE) by difference and time spent in physical activity by multisensor activity monitors. SUBJECTS In all, 177 lean, Class I and severely obese individuals (age 31-56 years, body mass index 20-64 kg m(-2)) were analyzed. RESULTS All components of energy expenditure were elevated in obese individuals. For example, TDEE was 2404±95 kcal per day in lean and 3244±48 kcal per day in Class III obese individuals. After appropriate adjustment, RMR was similar in all groups. Analysis of AEE by body weight and obesity class indicated a lower AEE in obese individuals. Confirming lower physical activity, obese individuals spent less time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (2.7±1.3, 1.8±0.6, 2.0±1.4 and 1.2±1.0 h per day in lean, Class I, Class II and Class III individuals) and more time in sedentary behaviors. CONCLUSIONS There was no indication of metabolic efficiency in even the severely obese, as adjusted RMR was similar across all groups. The higher AEE observed in the obese is consistent with a higher cost of activities due to higher body weight. However, the magnitude of the higher AEE (20-25% higher in obese individuals) is lower than expected (weight approximately 100% higher in Class III individuals). Confirming a lower volume of physical activity in the obese, the total time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and average daily metabolic equivalent of task level were lower with increasing obesity. These findings demonstrate that high body weight in obese individuals leads to a high TDEE and AEE, which masks the fact that they are less physically active, which can be influenced by duration or intensity of activity, than in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P DeLany
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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Sandboge S, Moltchanova E, Blomstedt PA, Salonen MK, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Barker DJP, Eriksson JG. Birth-weight and resting metabolic rate in adulthood - sex-specific differences. Ann Med 2012; 44:296-303. [PMID: 21352083 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.549147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low birth-weight is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been suggested to be associated with the development of obesity as well as MetS and might be an indirect indicator of sympathetic activity. This study's aim was to examine the association between birth-weight and adult RMR. METHODS A total of 896 men and women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born 1934-44, for whom a detailed set of birth records were available, underwent measurement of body composition and RMR in adulthood. RESULTS Among women, birth-weight adjusted for age and fat-free mass (FFM) was inversely associated with RMR (r = -0.12; P < 0.01). For men, a u-shaped relationship was observed, both independently and after adjustment for age, fat mass, and FFM (P = 0.05 for final model). DISCUSSION The sex-specific differences for the association between birth-weight and adult RMR might partly be explained by differences in the developmental programming of the sympathetic nervous system between men and women. The higher adjusted RMR among those with the lowest birth-weights is consistent with previous evidence of higher sympathetic drive among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sandboge
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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TABATA I, EBINE N, KAWASHIMA Y, ISHIKAWA-TAKATA K, TANAKA S, HIGUCHI M, YOSHITAKE Y. Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010: Energy. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Thompson S, Ekelund U, Jebb S, Lindroos AK, Mander A, Sharp S, Turner R, Wilks D. A proposed method of bias adjustment for meta-analyses of published observational studies. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:765-77. [PMID: 21186183 PMCID: PMC3147067 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyq248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interpretation of meta-analyses of published observational studies is problematic because of numerous sources of bias. We develop bias assessment, elicitation and adjustment methods, and apply them to a systematic review of longitudinal observational studies of the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and subsequent change in adiposity in children. METHODS We separated internal biases that reflect study quality from external biases that reflect generalizability to a target setting. Since published results were presented in different formats, these were all converted to correlation coefficients. Biases were considered as additive or proportional on the correlation scale. Opinions about the extent of each bias in each study, together with its uncertainty, were elicited in a formal process from quantitatively trained assessors for the internal biases and subject-matter specialists for the external biases. Bias-adjusted results for each study were combined across assessors using median pooling, and results combined across studies by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Before adjusting for bias, the pooled correlation is difficult to interpret because the studies varied substantially in quality and design, and there was considerable heterogeneity. After adjusting for both the internal and external biases, the pooled correlation provides a meaningful quantitative summary of all available evidence, and the confidence interval incorporates the elicited uncertainties about the extent of the biases. In the adjusted meta-analysis, there was no apparent heterogeneity. CONCLUSION This approach provides a viable method of bias adjustment for meta-analyses of observational studies, allowing the quantitative synthesis of evidence from otherwise incompatible studies. From the meta-analysis of longitudinal observational studies, we conclude that there is no evidence that physical activity is associated with gain in body fat.
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Crisp NA, Guelfi KJ, Braham R, Licari M. Substrate oxidation in overweight boys at rest, during exercise and acute post-exercise recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:e615-21. [DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.543684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wilks DC, Besson H, Lindroos AK, Ekelund U. Objectively measured physical activity and obesity prevention in children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. Obes Rev 2011; 12:e119-29. [PMID: 20604868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at synthesizing the prospective associations between measured physical activity (PA) and change in adiposity in children, adolescents and adults following from two previous reviews. Search terms were adapted and a systematic literature search was conducted (January 2000-September 2008) and later updated (up to October 2009), considering observational and intervention studies of weight gain that measured both PA and body composition. Sixteen observational studies (six comprising adults) and five trials (one comprising adults) were eligible. For consistency, whenever possible either baseline PA energy expenditure or accelerometer output (counts min(-1) ) and change in per cent body fat were the extracted exposure and outcome measures. Results of observational studies suggest that PA is not strongly prospectively related with adiposity: five studies on children and three on adults reported no association between baseline PA and change in adiposity, one study found a weak positive association and the other studies observed a weak negative association. Negative associations were more frequently observed in studies that analysed the association between change in the exposure and outcome. Intervention studies show generally no effect on either PA or adiposity. In conclusion, despite the well-established health benefits of PA, it may not be a key determinant of excessive gain in adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wilks
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Wilks DC, Sharp SJ, Ekelund U, Thompson SG, Mander AP, Turner RM, Jebb SA, Lindroos AK. Objectively measured physical activity and fat mass in children: a bias-adjusted meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17205. [PMID: 21383837 PMCID: PMC3044163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the prevention of weight gain differ considerably in design and quality, which impedes pooling them in conventional meta-analyses, the basis for evidence-based policy making. This study is aimed at quantifying the prospective association between measured physical activity and fat mass in children, using a meta-analysis method that allows inclusion of heterogeneous studies by adjusting for differences through eliciting and incorporating expert opinion. METHODS Studies on prevention of weight gain using objectively measured exposure and outcome were eligible; they were adopted from a recently published systematic review. Differences in study quality and design were considered as internal and external biases and captured in checklists. Study results were converted to correlation coefficients and biases were considered either additive or proportional on this scale. The extent and uncertainty of biases in each study were elicited in a formal process by six quantitatively-trained assessors and five subject-matter specialists. Biases for each study were combined across assessors using median pooling. Results were combined across studies by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The combined correlation of the unadjusted results from the six studies was -0.04 (95%CI: -0.22, 0.14) with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 78%), which makes it difficult to interpret the result. After bias-adjustment the pooled correlation was -0.01 (95%CI: -0.18, 0.16) with apparent study compatibility (I² = 0%). CONCLUSION By using this method the prospective association between physical activity and fat mass could be quantitatively synthesized; the result suggests no association. Objectively measured physical activity may not be the key determinant of unhealthy weight gain in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree C. Wilks
- Medical Research Council Collaborative Centre for Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon G. Thompson
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian P. Mander
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Turner
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A. Jebb
- Medical Research Council Collaborative Centre for Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Karin Lindroos
- Medical Research Council Collaborative Centre for Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, Voss LD, Wilkin TJ. Little impact of resting energy expenditure on childhood weight and body composition:. Nutr Res 2011; 31:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lazzer S, Molin M, Stramare D, Facchini S, Francescato MP. Effects of an eight-month weight-control program on body composition and lipid oxidation rate during exercise in obese children. J Endocrinol Invest 2008; 31:509-14. [PMID: 18591882 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an 8-month multidisciplinary weight-control program, including 2 h/week of moderate physical activity, nutritional education lessons and psychological follow-up, on body composition and lipid oxidation rate during exercise in obese children. DESIGN Nineteen (7 boys and 12 girls) obese children, aged 8-12 yr [mean body mass index (BMI) z-score: 2.3 and fat mass: 35.8%] participated in this study. Before and at the end of the weight-control period body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, lipid oxidation rate by indirect calorimetry during a graded exercise test, and time devoted to various activities and energy intake in free-living conditions by questionnaire. RESULTS All children completed the study, at the end of which BMI decreased significantly by mean 0.6+/-0.5 and 0.5+/-0.8 kg/m2, in boys and girls, respectively (p<0.05), and fat mass (FM) decreased by 1.7+/-2.8 and 1.4+/-1.3 kg in boys and girls, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, lipid oxidation rate during exercise increased significantly throughout the graded exercise test up to 21% at maximal lipid oxidation rate which happened at 48+/-5% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), corresponding to 64+/-5% of maximal heart rate. Time spent at sedentary and very light physical activities decreased (p<0.001) to the benefit of recreational activities at home. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary weight-control program, with moderate-intensity physical activities, induced decreases in FM without decreases in free FM, increases in VO2max, lipid oxidation rate during exercise, and time devoted to recreational activities in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lazzer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Luke A, Dugas L, Kramer H. Ethnicity, energy expenditure and obesity: are the observed black/white differences meaningful? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:370-3. [PMID: 17940465 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282c48a7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies have suggested that black individuals have lower energy expenditure than whites. Many investigators hypothesized that this is why black women experience higher rates of obesity than white women. These findings initiated much research on race as a primary biological determinant of obesity and energy expenditure as a potential pathway. Race is a difficult construct to use in biomedical research. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have included: an explanation for the lower resting energy expenditure observed among black adults, data showing that relative resting energy expenditure may not be a significant predictor of weight change in African-origin populations, and inconsistent data on the role of activity energy expenditure as a determinant of children's weight change. SUMMARY The data suggest that black individuals have lower resting energy expenditure and possibly activity energy expenditure than white individuals. The lower resting energy expenditure is probably caused by a smaller mass of high metabolically active organs. It is unlikely that increased weight gain is associated with lower resting energy expenditure or activity among blacks, because no association has been found within populations. Clinically, it is important to focus on personal modifiable risk factors, e.g., energy intake and physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Luke
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Obesity and nutrition. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:421-6. [PMID: 17940474 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f0ca40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pannacciulli N, Tataranni PA. Obesity, diabetes and energy metabolism. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2007; 2:1-5. [PMID: 30743742 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pannacciulli
- a Visiting fellow, Obesity & Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology & Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, NIH4212 N. 16th St. - Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
| | - P Antonio Tataranni
- b Vice President - Metabolism MU, US Medical Affairs, sanofi-aventis, 42-50 Quai de la Rapée - 75601 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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