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Riley TM, Sapp PA, Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS. Effects of saturated fatty acid consumption on lipoprotein (a): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00591-4. [PMID: 38964657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse relationship between saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and Lp(a) concentration has been observed; however, there has been no quantification of this effect. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine whether SFA consumption alters Lp(a) concentrations among adults without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials contrasting a lower SFA diet(s) with a higher SFA diet(s) among adults without ASCVD was conducted. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science databases and registers were searched through October 2023. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in Lp(a) between diets lower and higher in SFA [percentage of energy (%E)] was determined using random-effects meta-analysis. Analyses were also conducted to examine the effect of replacing SFA with carbohydrates (CHO), monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), or trans fatty acids (TFAs). RESULTS In total, 6255 publications were identified in the systematic search. Twenty-six publications reporting 27 randomized controlled trials, including 1325 participants and 49 diet comparisons, were included. The mean difference in SFA between lower and higher SFA diets was 7.6%E (3.7%-17.8%E). After lower SFA diets, Lp(a) concentration was higher (SMD: 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03, 0.24) than after higher SFA diets. Subgroup analyses showed higher Lp(a) following diets where SFA was replaced by CHO (trials = 8; n = 539; SMD: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.40) or TFAs (trials = 8; n = 300; SMD: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.48). No differences in Lp(a) were observed when MUFA (trials = 16; n = 641; SMD: 0.04; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.16) or PUFA (trials = 8; n = 415; SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.22) replaced SFA. CONCLUSIONS Lower SFA diets modestly increase Lp(a) compared to higher SFA diets among individuals without ASCVD. This effect appeared to be driven by replacement of SFA with CHO or TFA. Research investigating the atherogenicity of diet-induced Lp(a) changes is needed to inform dietary management of lipid/lipoprotein disorders. This trial was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42020154169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence M Riley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, United States.
| | - Philip A Sapp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, United States; Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Sergi D, Sanz JM, Trentini A, Bonaccorsi G, Angelini S, Castaldo F, Morrone S, Spaggiari R, Cervellati C, Passaro A. HDL-Cholesterol Subfraction Dimensional Distribution Is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Is Predicted by Visceral Adiposity and Dietary Lipid Intake in Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1525. [PMID: 38794763 PMCID: PMC11124017 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
HDL-cholesterol quality, including cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions, is emerging as a key discriminant in dictating the effects of these lipoproteins on cardiovascular health. This study aims at elucidating the relationship between cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions and CVD risk factors as well as diet quality and energy density in a population of pre- and postmenopausal women. Seventy-two women aged 52 ± 6 years were characterized metabolically and anthropometrically. Serum HDL-C subfractions were quantified using the Lipoprint HDL System. Cholesterol distribution in large HDL subfractions was lower in overweight individuals and study participants with moderate to high estimated CVD risk, hypertension, or insulin resistance. Cholesterol distribution in large, as opposed to small, HDL subfractions correlated negatively with insulin resistance, circulating triglycerides, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). VAT was an independent positive and negative predictor of cholesterol distribution in large and small HDL subfractions, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in energy intake could predict a decrease in cholesterol levels in large HDL subfractions while lipid intake positively predicted cholesterol levels in small HDL subfractions. Cholesterol distribution in HDL subfractions may represent an additional player in shaping CVD risk and a novel potential mediator of the effect of diet on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Menopause and Osteoporosis Center, University Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sharon Angelini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Fabiola Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sara Morrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Spaggiari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (S.A.); (F.C.); (S.M.); (R.S.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Wen H, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of lard plus soybean oil on blood pressure and other cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled-feeding trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:7117-7129. [PMID: 37461334 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Lard has been consumed by humans for thousands of years, but its consumption has declined substantially in the last few decades, because of negative publicity about the consumption of animal-derived saturated fats. Emerging evidence highlights that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) could be more beneficial for body weight and liver function than the individual use of the two oils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of blend oil on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects. This was a parallel, three-arm, randomized controlled-feeding trial. 334 healthy subjects (mean age: 33.1 years, 60% women) were randomized into three isoenergetic diet groups with three different edible oils (30 g day-1) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil [50% lard and 50% soybean oil]) for 12 weeks. 245 (73.4%) participants completed the study. After the 12-week intervention, reductions in both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were greater in the blend oil group than in the other two groups (P = 0.023 and 0.008 for the interaction between the diet group and time, respectively). Reductions of SBP and DBP in the blend oil group were more significant than those in the soybean oil group with P = 0.008 and P = 0.026 and the lard group with P < 0.001 and P < 0.001. Changes in SBP/DBP at 12 weeks were -6.0 (95% CI: -8.6 to -3.4)/0.8 (95% CI: -1.7 to 3.2) mmHg in the blend oil group, -3.3 (95% CI: -5.7 to -0.9)/1.5 (95% CI: -1.0 to 4.0) mmHg in the soybean oil group and -1.2 (95% CI: -3.7 to 1.4)/3.3 (95% CI: 0.9 to 5.8) mmHg in the lard group. Subgroup analyses showed that blend oil significantly decreased SBP and DBP compared with the other two groups in participants with BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg and body mass index ≥25. There were no significant differences in the changes in body weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, or glucose between groups. In conclusion, our findings suggest that blend oil (lard plus soybean oil) reduces BP compared with soybean oil and lard in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jihong Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haichao Wen
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bordoni L, Zec M, Naumovski N, Sergi D. Editorial: The role of dietary fatty acids in metabolic health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1211151. [PMID: 37288432 PMCID: PMC10242416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1211151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manja Zec
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Li K, Wang Y, Liu R, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of Lard or Plus Soybean Oil on Markers of Liver Function in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091894. [PMID: 37174432 PMCID: PMC10178189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have consumed lard for thousands of years, but in recent decades, it has become much less popular because it is regarded as saturated fat. Animal studies showed that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) was more advantageous for liver health than using either oil alone. This study aims to assess the effects of blend oil on liver function markers in healthy subjects. The 345 healthy subjects were randomized into 3 isoenergetic diet groups with different edible oils (30 g/day) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil (50% lard and 50% soybean oil)) for 12 weeks. The reductions in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were greater in the blend oil group than in the two other groups (p = 0.001 and <0.001 for the interaction between diet group and time, respectively). The reductions in AST and ALT in the blend oil group were more significant compared with those in the soybean oil group (p < 0.001) or lard group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other liver function markers between the groups. Thus, blend oil was beneficial for liver function markers such as AST and ALT compared with soybean oil and lard alone, which might help prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- No. 2 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinpeng Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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A Review of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Lowering Diets in the Age of Anti-Sense Technology. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051249. [PMID: 36904248 PMCID: PMC10005665 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review discusses an important issue, the primary role of diet in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) concentrations in polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Two effective drugs, statins, and ezetimibe, that lower LDLc > 20% are relatively inexpensive and potential competitors to strict dieting. Biochemical and genomic studies have shown that proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipid metabolism. Clinical trials have demonstrated that inhibitory monoclonal antibodies of PCSK9 dose-dependently lower LDLc up to 60%, with evidence of both regression and stabilization of coronary atherosclerosis and a reduction in cardiovascular risk. Recent approaches using RNA interference to achieve PCSK9 inhibition are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. The latter presents an attractive option of twice-yearly injections. They are, however, currently expensive and unsuitable for moderate hypercholesterolemia, which is largely due to inappropriate patterns of eating. The best dietary approach, the substitution of saturated fatty acids by polyunsaturated fatty acids at 5% energy, yields > 10% lowering of LDLc. Foods such as nuts and brans, especially within a prudent, plant-based diet low in saturates complemented by supplements such as phytosterols, have the potential to reduce LDLc further. A combination of such foods has been shown to lower LDLc by 20%. A nutritional approach requires backing from industry to develop and market LDLc-lowering products before pharmacology replaces the diet option. Energetic support from health professionals is vital.
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Mäkelä TNK, Tuomainen TP, Hantunen S, Virtanen JK. Associations of serum n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with prevalence and incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:759-770. [PMID: 35648467 PMCID: PMC9437980 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver diseases worldwide, and lifestyle and diet are significant factors in its development. Recent studies have suggested that dietary fat quality is associated with the development of NAFLD. OBJECTIVES Our purpose was to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) PUFAs with NAFLD among middle-aged and older men and women from eastern Finland. We also investigated the associations of estimated Δ5-desaturase and Δ6-desaturase activities, enzymes involved in PUFA metabolism, with NAFLD. METHODS After exclusions, the cross-sectional analyses included 1533 men examined in 1984-1989 and 674 men and 870 women examined in 1998-2001 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The longitudinal analyses included 520 men examined in 1991-1993 and 301 men and 466 women examined in 2005-2008. Fatty liver index (FLI) was used as a surrogate for NAFLD. Hepatic steatosis was defined as FLI >60. ANCOVA and logistic regression were used for analyses. RESULTS In the longitudinal analyses, participants with higher serum concentrations of total n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid, the major n-6 PUFA, had markedly lower FLI and lower odds for hepatic steatosis (e.g., odds ratios for incident hepatic steatosis in the highest compared with lowest quartiles were ≤0.41), whereas serum γ-linolenic acid concentration was associated with a higher FLI and higher odds for hepatic steatosis. The associations with the other PUFAs were generally weaker and nonsignificant. In the cross-sectional analyses, also the long-chain n-3 PUFAs had inverse associations. In most analyses, high estimated Δ5-desaturase activity was associated with lower risk and high estimated Δ6-desaturase activity with higher risk for NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and older Finnish adults, higher serum concentrations of total n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid were associated with lower odds for future NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia N K Mäkelä
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Cao X, Xia J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xia H, Wang S, Liao W, Sun G. The Effect of MUFA-Rich Food on Lipid Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Controlled-Feeding Trials. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131982. [PMID: 35804797 PMCID: PMC9266110 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the effects of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on lipid profile are still controversial, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted in the present study to assess the effect of MUFA-rich food on lipid profiles. The study was designed, conducted, and reported according to the guidelines of the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A systematic and comprehensive search was performed in several databases from inception up to 30 January 2022. The results showed that the intake of edible oil-derived MUFA (EDM) could increase the blood HDL-C level (mean difference = 0.08; 95%CI: -0.01, 0.17, p = 0.03), but did not affect the level of TC, TG, or LDL-C. Moreover, the consumption of other food-derived MUFA (ODM) significantly decreased TG concentration (mean difference = -0.35; 95%CI: -0.61, -0.09, p = 0.01)), but did not affect the level of TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C. Findings from this study suggest that MUFA-rich food might be beneficial to modulate the blood lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiayue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100052, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (X.C.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (S.W.); (G.S.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- China-DRIs Expert Committee on Macronutrients, Beijing 100052, China
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Cole RM, Angelotti A, Sparagna GC, Ni A, Belury MA. Linoleic Acid-Rich Oil Alters Circulating Cardiolipin Species and Fatty Acid Composition in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101132. [PMID: 35596730 PMCID: PMC9540417 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Higher circulating linoleic acid (LA) and muscle-derived tetralinoleoyl-cardiolipin (LA4 CL) are each associated with decreased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs with low LA4 CL. Whether LA-rich oil fortification can increase LA4 CL in humans is unknown. The aims of this study are to determine whether dietary fortification with LA-rich oil for 2 weeks increases: 1) LA in plasma, erythrocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); and 2) LA4 CL in PBMC in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS In this randomized controlled trial, adults are instructed to consume one cookie per day delivering 10 g grapeseed (LA-cookie, N = 42) or high oleate (OA) safflower (OA-cookie, N = 42) oil. In the LA-cookie group, LA increases in plasma, erythrocyte, and PBMC by 6%, 7%, and 10% respectively. PBMC and erythrocyte OA increase by 7% and 4% in the OA-cookie group but is unchanged in the plasma. PBMC LA4 CL increases (5%) while LA3 OA1 CL decreases (7%) in the LA-cookie group but are unaltered in the OA-cookie group. CONCLUSIONS LA-rich oil fortification increases while OA-oil has no effect on LA4 CL in adults. Because LA-rich oil fortification reduces cardiometabolic disease risk and increases LA4 CL, determining whether mitochondrial dysfunction is repaired through dietary fortification is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Austin Angelotti
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- Division of Cardiology, The Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ai Ni
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, The Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Guo P, Xue M, Teng X, Wang Y, Ren R, Han J, Zhang H, Tian Y, Liang H. Antarctic Krill Oil ameliorates liver injury in rats exposed to alcohol by regulating bile acids metabolism and gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sellem L, Flourakis M, Jackson KG, Joris PJ, Lumley J, Lohner S, Mensink RP, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Lovegrove JA. Impact of Replacement of Individual Dietary SFAs on Circulating Lipids and Other Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Humans. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1200-1225. [PMID: 34849532 PMCID: PMC9340975 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the impact of individual SFAs and their isoenergetic substitution with other SFAs or unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) on the prevention of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). This systematic literature review assessed the impact of such dietary substitutions on a range of fasting CMD risk markers, including lipid profile, markers of glycemic control and inflammation, and metabolic hormone concentrations. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of isoenergetic replacements of individual dietary SFAs for ≥14 d on ≥1 CMD risk markers in humans. Searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases on 14 February, 2021 identified 44 RCTs conducted in participants with a mean ± SD age of 39.9 ± 15.2 y. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 for RCTs. Random-effect meta-analyses assessed the effect of ≥3 similar dietary substitutions on the same CMD risk marker. Other dietary interventions were described in qualitative syntheses. We observed reductions in LDL-cholesterol concentrations after the replacement of palmitic acid (16:0) with UFAs (-0.36 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.21 mmol/L; I2 = 96.0%, n = 18 RCTs) or oleic acid (18:1n-9) (-0.16 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03 mmol/L; I2 = 89.6%, n = 9 RCTs), with a similar impact on total cholesterol and apoB concentrations. No effects on other CMD risk markers, including HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin, or C-reactive protein concentrations, were evident. Similarly, we found no evidence of a benefit from replacing dietary stearic acid (18:0) with UFAs on CMD risk markers (n = 4 RCTs). In conclusion, the impact of replacing dietary palmitic acid with UFAs on lipid biomarkers is aligned with current public health recommendations. However, owing to the high heterogeneity and limited studies, relations between all individual SFAs and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health need further confirmation from RCTs. This systematic review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020084241.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - James Lumley
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary,Cochrane Hungary, Clinical Centre of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,CoRPS—Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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