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Chen Q, Zheng PS, Yang WT. EZH2-mediated repression of GSK-3β and TP53 promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent cell expansion in cervical carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36115-36129. [PMID: 27092879 PMCID: PMC5094987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a catalytic core component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), stimulates the silencing of target genes through histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Recent findings have indicated EZH2 is involved in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, the exact mechanism of EZH2 in the promotion of cervical cancer is largely unknown. Here, we show that EZH2 expression gradually increases during the progression of cervical cancer. We identified a significant positive correlation between EZH2 expression and cell proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo by the up-regulation or down-regulation of EZH2 using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing technology and shRNA in HeLa and SiHa cells. Further investigation indicated that EZH2 protein significantly accelerated the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 to S phase. TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay revealed that EZH2 significantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the target genes of Wnt/β-catenin pathway were up-regulated, including β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-myc. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that EZH2 inhibited the expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and TP53 through physically interacting with motifs in the promoters of the GSK-3β and TP53 genes. Additionally, blockage of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, and activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in significant enhancement of cell proliferation, as induced by EZH2. Taken together, our data demonstrate that EZH2 promotes cell proliferation and tumor formation in cervical cancer through activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by epigenetic silencing via GSK-3β and TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China.,Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China
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EZH2 Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs): Diagnostic and Prognostic Role in 10 Solid Tumor Types. EPIGENOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes1030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fornaro L, Faviana P, De Gregorio V, Vivaldi C, Paolicchi E, Masi G, Loupakis F, Sensi E, Lupi C, Fontanini G, Wang Y, Danesi R, Falcone A, Crea F. Molecular and pathological characterization of the EZH2 rs3757441 single nucleotide polymorphism in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:874. [PMID: 26553291 PMCID: PMC4640238 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enhancer of zeste-homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in cancer development through gene silencing by trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). The C/C genotype for the EZH2 rs3757441 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is linked with poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but molecular and pathological characterization of this SNP is lacking. Methods 119 primary CRCs were analyzed. SNP was evaluated by real-time PCR from colonic healthy tissue, while EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry. We primarily looked for correlation between EZH2 rs3757441 genotypes and EZH2/H3K27me3 expression. Potential associations between EZH2/H3K27me3 expression and clinico-pathological features or KRAS exon 2 and BRAF exon 15 mutations were secondary endpoints. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, T-test or ANOVA. Results The C/C genotype was significantly associated with higher EZH2 (100 vs. 44 %; P = 0.019) and H3K27me3 (100 vs. 38 %; P = 0.009) staining intensity compared with C/T and T/T. EZH2 3+ staining significantly correlated with stronger H3K27me3 expression (P = 0.039). KRAS and BRAF mutations were not associated with EZH2 or H3K27me3 expression. Conclusion EZH2 rs3757441 C/C genotype is associated with stronger EZH2 and H3K27me3 immunoreactivity in primary CRC: this SNP may serve as a promising biomarker for EZH2-targeting agents and may add independent information to KRAS and BRAF testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1889-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Veronica De Gregorio
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisa Paolicchi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Masi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisa Sensi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Lupi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Experimental Therapeutics, BCCA Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Romano Danesi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Crea
- Experimental Therapeutics, BCCA Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open Universit, Milton Keynes, UK.
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Van Rechem C, Whetstine JR. Examining the impact of gene variants on histone lysine methylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1839:1463-76. [PMID: 24859469 PMCID: PMC4752941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a boom in the amount of genome-wide sequencing data that has uncovered important and unappreciated links between certain genes, families of genes and enzymatic processes and diseases such as cancer. Such studies have highlighted the impact that chromatin modifying enzymes could have in cancer and other genetic diseases. In this review, we summarize characterized mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) and histones. We primarily focus on variants with strong disease correlations and discuss how they could impact histone lysine methylation dynamics and gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Van Rechem
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Johnathan R Whetstine
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Ma ZB, Guo GH, Niu Q, Shi N. Role of EZH2 polymorphisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk in Han Chinese population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12688-97. [PMID: 25036033 PMCID: PMC4139868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene single nucleotide polymorphisms play a critical role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between EZH2 gene polymorphisms and ESCC risk. We undertook a case-control study to analyze three EZH2 polymorphisms (148505302C>T, 2110+6A>C and 626-394T>C) in an Han Chinese population, by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 476 patients with ESCC and 492 control participants, and performed EZH2 genotyping using DNA sequencing. The obtained results indicated that overall, no statistically significant association was observed in 148505302C>T and 2110+6A>C. However, 626-394T>C genotype was at increased risk of ESCCs (p=0.006; odds ratio (OR)=1.131, CI 95%: 1.034-1.236). Moreover, 626-394C/C genotype ESCCs were more significantly common in patients with tumor size of >5 cm than T allele ESCC and in cases of poor differentiation and lower advanced pathological stage. In conclusion, polymorphism in 626-394T>C was observed to be associated with susceptibility of ESCC. Nevertheless, further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Bin Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661, Yellow-River Second Street, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Guang-Hong Guo
- Department of Gynaecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661, Yellow-River Second Street, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Qiong Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661, Yellow-River Second Street, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Ning Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661, Yellow-River Second Street, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
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Maftouh M, Avan A, Funel N, Paolicchi E, Vasile E, Pacetti P, Vaccaro V, Faviana P, Campani D, Caponi S, Mambrini A, Boggi U, Cantore M, Milella M, Peters GJ, Reni M, Giovannetti E. A polymorphism in the promoter is associated with EZH2 expression but not with outcome in advanced pancreatic cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:609-18. [PMID: 24798718 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: EZH2 expression is a prognostic marker in radically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Here we investigated its role in locally advanced/metastatic patients, as well as candidate polymorphisms. Materials & methods: EZH2 expression and polymorphisms were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 32 laser microdissected tumors, while polymorphisms were also studied in blood samples from two additional cohorts treated with gemcitabine monotherapy (n = 93) or polychemotherapeutic regimens (n = 247). Results: EZH2 expression correlated with survival and with the rs6958683 polymorphism in the first cohort of patients, but this polymorphism was not associated with survival in our larger cohorts. Conclusion: EZH2 is a prognostic factor for locally advanced/metastatic PDACs, while candidate polymorphisms cannot predict clinical outcome. Other factors involved in EZH2 regulation, such as miR-101, should be investigated in accessible samples in order to improve the clinical management of advanced PDAC. Original submitted 31 July 2013; Revision submitted 4 November 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maftouh
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Vasile
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Pacetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Vanja Vaccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Caponi
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Ugo Boggi
- Department of Surgery & Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cantore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Carrara Civic Hospital, Carrara, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Department of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Reni
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, CCA room 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Start-Up Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Association between EZH2 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in Han Chinese population. Med Oncol 2014; 31:874. [PMID: 24488618 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between EZH2 gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We undertook a case-control study to analyze three EZH2 polymorphisms (148505302C>T, 2110+6A>C and 626-394T>C) in an Han Chinese population, by extraction of genomic DNA from the peripheral blood of 512 patients with CRC and 546 control participants, and performed EZH2 genotyping using DNA sequencing. The obtained results indicated that overall, no statistically significant association was observed in 2,110+6A>C. Nevertheless, 148505302C>T genotype demonstrated a protective effect in CRCs (P=0.014; odds ratio (OR) 0.777, CI 95%:0.647-0.933). Furthermore, 148505302 T allele CRC was more significantly common in patients with tumor size of <4 cm than C allele CRC and in cases of good differentiation and lower advanced pathological stage. However, 626-394T>C genotype was at increased risk of CRCs (P<0.001; odds ratio (OR) 1.457, CI 95%:1.160-1.829). Moreover, 626-394C/C genotype CRCs were more significantly common in patients with tumor size of >4 cm than T allele CRC and in cases of poor differentiation and lower advanced pathological stage. In conclusion, polymorphism in 626-394T>C was observed to be associated with susceptibility of CRC. However, 148505302C>T polymorphism indicated to play a protective role in susceptibility to CRC. Nevertheless, further investigation with a larger sample size is needed to support our results.
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