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Hou M, Opedal ØH, Zhao ZG. Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:926-936. [PMID: 37899633 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators are important drivers of floral trait evolution, yet plant populations are not always perfectly adapted to their pollinators. Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites. We studied sex-specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in Aconitum gymnandrum. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex-specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each. Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. We detected directional selection through one or more fitness component for larger flower number, larger flowers, and more negative nectar gradients within inflorescences. Our results are consistent with Bateman's principles for sex-specific mating patterns and illustrate that, despite the expected difference in opportunity for selection, patterns of variation in selection across traits can be rather similar for the male and female sexual functions. These results shed new light on the effect of sexual selection on the evolution of floral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hou
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130102, Changchun, China
| | | | - Zhi-Gang Zhao
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
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Tian H, Harder LD, Wang A, Zhang D, Liao W. Habitat effects on reproductive phenotype, pollinator behavior, fecundity, and mating outcomes of a bumble bee-pollinated herb. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:470-485. [PMID: 35244204 PMCID: PMC9314043 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Fecundity and mating outcomes commonly differ among plant populations occupying contrasting environments. If self-pollination occurs primarily among flowers within plants, contrasting reproductive outcomes among populations must reflect environmental effects on plant-pollinator interactions. Specifically, local conditions could affect features of plant phenotypes that influence pollinator behavior, in turn modifying plant reproductive outcomes. METHODS We compared phenotypes, pollinator abundance and behavior, and female fecundity and mating in two meadow populations and two forest populations of Aconitum kusnezoffii within 3 km of each other. Mating outcomes were assessed using microsatellites. RESULTS Meadow plants generally produced more, shorter ramets with more, larger flowers, but less nectar per flower than forest plants. These differences likely largely represent phenotypic plasticity. Individual bumble bees visited more flowers on forest plants, likely because the more abundant bees in the meadows depleted nectar availability, as indicated by briefer visits to individual flowers. Despite similar fruit set in both habitats, forest plants set more seeds per fruit. Nevertheless, meadow plants produced more seeds overall, owing to sevenfold greater flower production. Consistent with individual bees visiting fewer flowers on meadow plants, more of their seeds were outcrossed. However, the outcrossed seeds of forest plants included more male mates. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive outcomes can vary among populations of animal-pollinated plants as a result of differences in the availability of effective pollinators and environmental effects on plant phenotypes, and their functional consequences for pollinator behavior that governs pollen dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Lawrence D. Harder
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada
| | - Ai‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Da‐Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
| | - Wan‐Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China
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3
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A mathematical model of kin selection in floral displays. J Theor Biol 2020; 509:110470. [PMID: 32966826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants can adjust their competitive traits for acquiring resources in response to the relatedness of their neighbours. Recently, it has been found that plants can alter their investment in traits of attracting pollinators based on kin-interaction. We build a mathematical model to study the optimal floral display to attract pollinators in a patch with kin structure. We show that when plants can attract pollinators to a whole patch through the magnet effect, the floral display should increase with the increasing relatedness of the plants in the patch. Our model also indicates that increasing investment into attracting pollinators is a form of altruism, reducing a plant's own seed production but increasing the contribution of other plants to its fitness. We also predict that seed production should increase with increasing relatedness in the patch. Our model provides the explicit conditions when resource allocation to attract pollinators in response to neighbour relatedness can be favoured by kin selection, and a possible mechanism for the plants to deal with the consequent loss of pollinator diversity and abundance.
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Shwe E, Wu B, Huang SQ. Both small and large plants are likely to produce staminate (male) flowers in a hermaphrodite lily. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:142-147. [PMID: 32695946 PMCID: PMC7361431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource allocation to female and male function may vary among individual plants in species with variable sex expression. Size-dependent sex allocation has been proposed in hermaphrodites, in which female-biased allocation may increase with plant size. In many hermaphrodites with large floral displays, however, later-produced flowers tend to be functionally male. This paradoxical relationship between female and male function and plant size remains poorly understood. The subalpine lily Lilium lankongense has individuals of three sexual types: males with only staminate flowers, hermaphrodites with only perfect flowers, and andromonoecious plants with both perfect and staminate flowers. Here we tested theoretical predictions of size-dependent sex allocation in L. lankongense by measuring plant height and flower number of individuals of each sex at five field sites in the mountainous region of Shangri-La, southwestern China. To investigate variation in phenotypic gender, we identified sex expression of 457 individuals one year later. Our investigation showed that male plants, which usually produced one flower, were significantly smaller than andromonoecious and hermaphrodite plants. In addition, the total flower numbers of andromonoecious and hermaphrodite plants increased significantly with plant size. Large individuals were more likely to produce terminal staminate flowers, as there were more flowers in andromonoecious than in hermaphrodite individuals. Non-flowered plants were significantly smaller than flowering ones. Perfect flowers had significantly larger petals and pistils than staminate flowers, but they did not differ in dry weight of stamens. Our findings indicate that when plants are small, the less costly sex is favored, consistent with the 'size-advantage hypothesis'. When plants are large, both female and male investments change isometrically, as later-produced flowers tend to be functionally male.
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Affiliation(s)
- EiEi Shwe
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Avenue, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Jacquemart AL, Buyens C, Hérent MF, Quetin-Leclercq J, Lognay G, Hance T, Quinet M. Male flowers of Aconitum compensate for toxic pollen with increased floral signals and rewards for pollinators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16498. [PMID: 31712605 PMCID: PMC6848206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants require animal pollinators for successful reproduction; these plants provide pollinator resources in pollen and nectar (rewards) and attract pollinators by specific cues (signals). In a seeming contradiction, some plants produce toxins such as alkaloids in their pollen and nectar, protecting their resources from ineffective pollinators. We investigated signals and rewards in the toxic, protandrous bee-pollinated plant Aconitum napellus, hypothesizing that male-phase flower reproductive success is pollinator-limited, which should favour higher levels of signals (odours) and rewards (nectar and pollen) compared with female-phase flowers. Furthermore, we expected insect visitors to forage only for nectar, due to the toxicity of pollen. We demonstrated that male-phase flowers emitted more volatile molecules and produced higher volumes of nectar than female-phase flowers. Alkaloids in pollen functioned as chemical defences, and were more diverse and more concentrated compared to the alkaloids in nectar. Visitors actively collected little pollen for larval food but consumed more of the less-toxic nectar. Toxic pollen remaining on the bee bodies promoted pollen transfer efficiency, facilitating pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Jacquemart
- Earth and Life Institute- Agronomy - Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.14, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - C Buyens
- Earth and Life Institute- Agronomy - Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.14, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M-F Hérent
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group - Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Quetin-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Research Group - Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier, 72, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Lognay
- Analytical Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - T Hance
- Earth and Life Institute - Biodiversity - Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, Box L7.07.04, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Quinet
- Earth and Life Institute- Agronomy - Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.14, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Barlow SE, Wright GA, Ma C, Barberis M, Farrell IW, Marr EC, Brankin A, Pavlik BM, Stevenson PC. Distasteful Nectar Deters Floral Robbery. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2552-2558.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhao Z, Lu N, Conner JK. Adaptive pattern of nectar volume within inflorescences: bumblebee foraging behavior and pollinator-mediated natural selection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34499. [PMID: 27687244 PMCID: PMC5043277 DOI: 10.1038/srep34499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Larger floral displays increase pollinator visitation as well as among-flower self-pollination (geitonogamy) in self-compatible species. Dichogamy (temporal separation of gender expression) can limit geitonogamy and increase outcrossing but this depends on pollinator behavior within inflorescences. Declining nectar volume from lower to upper flowers is a hypothesized adaptation to increase outcrossing and pollen export by encouraging the upward movment of pollinators from female to male flowers and by reducing the number of flowers probed per inflorescence, but supporting evidence has been equivocal. We tested this hypothesis in Aconitum gymnandrum by studying floral display and rewards, pollinator visitation, and pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits. We found that larger inflorescences of A. gymnandrum attracted more pollinators, but did not increase the number of flowers probed per visit. Nectar production declined with increasing flower height on average, but the opposite pattern was also common. Bumblebees responded strongly to the nectar pattern, moving from higher to lower nectar concentration. Finally, there was significant pollinator-mediated direct selection for this pattern of declining nectar volume after correcting for correlations with flower size, number, and mean nectar volume. Together, the results strongly suggest that declining nectar production in higher flowers is an adaptation to enhance outcrossing in A. gymnandrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ningna Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey K Conner
- Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, 49060, USA
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Ge XY, Tian H, Liao WJ. Characterization of 19 microsatellite loci in the clonal monkshood Aconitum kusnezoffii (Ranunculaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 4:apps1500141. [PMID: 27347450 PMCID: PMC4915917 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from Aconitum kusnezoffii (Ranunculaceae) to estimate male and female reproductive success and evaluate the effects of clonal growth on sexual reproduction. METHODS AND RESULTS A genomic enrichment approach was used to develop microsatellite markers. In three investigated A. kusnezoffii populations, a total of 19 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified, and 13 of these loci were polymorphic. Most of the primer pairs designed for the identified loci also amplified corresponding microsatellite loci in A. barbatum var. puberulum and A. alboviolaceum. CONCLUSIONS The identified microsatellite loci will be useful for quantifying male and female fitness in A. kusnezoffii and evaluating the effects of clonal growth on sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Wang B, Ji J, Zhao S, Dong J, Tan P, Na S, Liu Y. An Efficient High-performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Elaborate the Changes of Components Between the Raw and Processed Radix Aconitum kusnezoffii. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:4-8. [PMID: 27019554 PMCID: PMC4787335 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.175989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crude radix Aconitum kusnezoffii (RAK) has great toxicity. Traditional Chinese medicine practice proved that processing may decrease its toxicity. In our previous study, we had established a new method of RAK processing (Paozhi). However, the mechanism is yet not perfect. Objective: To explore the related mechanism of processing through comparing the chemical contents. Materials and Methods: A new processing method of RAK named stoving (Hong Zhi) was used. In particular, RAK was stored at 110°C for 8 h, and then high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn) was developed for the detection of the alkaloids of the crude and processed RAK decoction pieces. Results: Thirty components of the crude RAK were discovered, among which, 23 alkaloids were identified. Meanwhile, 23 ingredients were detected in the processed RAK decoction pieces, among which, 20 alkaloids were determined yet. By comparison, eight alkaloids were found in both crude and processed RAK decoction pieces, 15 alkaloids were not found in the crude RAK, however, 10 new constituents yield after processing, which are 10-OH-hypaconine, 10-OH-mesaconine, isomer of bullatine A, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-mesaconine, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-aconine, 14-benzoyl-10-OH-hypaconine, dehydrated aconitine, 14-benzoylaconine, chuanfumine, dehydrated mesaconitine. Conclusion: The present study showed that significant change of alkaloids was detected in RAK before and after processing. Among them, the highly toxic diester alkaloids decreased and the less toxic monoester alkaloids increased. Moreover, the concentration changes significantly. HPLC-ESI-MSn are Efficient to elaborate the mechanism of reduction of toxicity and enhancement efficacy after processing. SUMMARY Stoving is a simple and effective method for the processing of radix Aconitum kusnezoffii. In the positive mode, the characteristic fragmentations of Aconitum alkaloids were obtained. The highly toxic alkaloids have decreased, and the new constituents appeared, which has explained successfully the processing mechanism of radix Aconitum kusnezoffii in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shengsang Na
- Department of Traditional Mongolia Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohehot, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Hu Y, Barrett SCH, Zhang DY, Liao WJ. Experimental analysis of mating patterns in a clonal plant reveals contrasting modes of self-pollination. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5423-5431. [PMID: 30151143 PMCID: PMC6102512 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermaphrodite plants commonly practice self-fertilization (selfing), but the mechanisms responsible vary depending on the mode of self-pollination, pollinator behavior, and degree of clonality. Whether selfing occurs within (autogamy) or between flowers (geitonogamy) is of evolutionary significance because their fitness consequences differ. We used floral manipulations and genetic markers to determine the relative contribution of autogamy and within- versus between-ramet geitonogamy to the selfing rate of the bumblebee-pollinated, clonal herb Aconitum kusnezoffii. Data on flowering phenology and bumblebee foraging were also collected to determine opportunities for different modes of self-pollination. Autogamy accounted for only 12% of the selfing rate with the remainder resulting from geitonogamy. Whole-ramet emasculation of clones with multiple ramets reduced selfing by 78%, indicating that within-ramet geitonogamy contributed significantly (68%) to total selfing. Selfing of single-ramet plants was 44% less than multiple-ramet plants, indicating that the contribution of between-ramet geitonogamy was substantially less (20%) than within-ramet geitonogamy, probably because of bumblebee foraging behavior. Our results demonstrate for the first time in a clonal plant that within-ramet geitonogamy is substantially greater than between-ramet geitonogamy and highlight the importance of considering the influence of clonal architecture and pollinator foraging on modes of self-pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Spencer C H Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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Liao WJ, Harder LD. Consequences of Multiple Inflorescences and Clonality for Pollinator Behavior and Plant Mating. Am Nat 2014; 184:580-92. [DOI: 10.1086/678117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Matsuo A, Tomimatsu H, Suzuki JI, Saitoh T, Shibata S, Makita A, Suyama Y. Female and male fitness consequences of clonal growth in a dwarf bamboo population with a high degree of clonal intermingling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1035-1041. [PMID: 25228034 PMCID: PMC4171080 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although many studies have reported that clonal growth interferes with sexual reproduction as a result of geitonogamous self-pollination and inbreeding depression, the mating costs of clonal growth are expected to be reduced when genets are spatially intermingled with others. This study examined how clonal growth affects both female and male reproductive success by studying a population of a mass-flowering plant, Sasa veitchii var. hirsuta, with a high degree of clonal intermingling. METHODS In a 10 × 10 m plot, genets were discriminated based on the multilocus genotypes of 11 nuclear microsatellite loci. The relationships between genet size and the components of reproductive success were then investigated. Male siring success and female and male selfing rates were assessed using paternity analysis. KEY RESULTS A total of 111 genets were spatially well intermingled with others. In contrast to previous studies with species forming distinct monoclonal patches, seed production linearly increased with genet size. While male siring success was a decelerating function of genet size, selfing rates were relatively low and not related to genet size. CONCLUSIONS The results, in conjunction with previous studies, emphasize the role of the spatial arrangement of genets on both the quantity and quality of offpsring, and suggest that an intermingled distribution of genets can reduce the mating costs of clonal growth and enhance overall fitness, particularly female fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Matsuo
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomimatsu
- Department of Biology, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichirou Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saitoh
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka 020-0123, Japan
| | - Shozo Shibata
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akifumi Makita
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi 989-6711, Japan
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13
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Hao YQ, Zhao XF, She DY, Xu B, Zhang DY, Liao WJ. The role of late-acting self-incompatibility and early-acting inbreeding depression in governing female fertility in monkshood, Aconitum kusnezoffii. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47034. [PMID: 23056570 PMCID: PMC3467251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced seed yields following self-pollination have repeatedly been observed, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive when self-pollen tubes can readily grow into ovaries, because pre-, post-zygotic late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI), or early-acting inbreeding depression (ID) can induce self-sterility. The main objective of this study was to differentiate these processes in Aconitum kusnezoffii, a plant lacking stigmatic or stylar inhibition of self-pollination. We performed a hand-pollination experiment in a natural population of A. kusnezoffii, compared seed set among five pollination treatments, and evaluated the distribution of seed size and seed set. Embryonic development suggested fertilization following self-pollination. A partial pre-zygotic LSI was suggested to account for the reduced seed set by two lines of evidence. The seed set of chase-pollination treatment significantly exceeded that of self-pollination treatment, and the proportion of unfertilized ovules was the highest following self-pollination. Meanwhile, early-acting ID, rather than post-zygotic LSI, was suggested by the findings that the size of aborted selfed seeds varied continuously and widely; and the selfed seed set both exhibited a continuous distribution and positively correlated with the crossed seed set. These results indicated that the embryos were aborted at different stages due to the expression of many deleterious alleles throughout the genome during seed maturation. No signature of post-zygotic LSI was found. Both partial pre-zygotic LSI and early-acting ID contribute to the reduction in selfed seed set in A. kusnezoffii, with pre-zygotic LSI rejecting part of the self-pollen and early-acting ID aborting part of the self-fertilized seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Deng-Ying She
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Irwin RE, Wang Y, He YP, Yang YP, Duan YW. Selective seed abortion induced by nectar robbing in the selfing plant Comastoma pulmonarium. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 192:249-255. [PMID: 21651561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
• Self-pollination often provides plants with the benefit of reproductive assurance; thus, it is generally assumed that species' interactions that alter floral attractiveness or rewards, such as nectar robbing, will have little effect on the seed production of selfing species. We challenge this view with experimental data from Comastoma pulmonarium, a selfing annual experiencing a high ratio of nectar robbing in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. • We manipulated robbing (robbed or netted) and pollination mode (hand-selfed or hand-outcrossed) in a factorial design and measured the number of developing ovules and mature seeds, together with seed weight and seed germination, in each treatment. • Robbing decreased the number of mature seeds, but not the number of developing ovules, suggesting a negative influence of robbers through indirect effects via selective seed abortion. We found no evidence for early-acting inbreeding depression, but found later-acting inbreeding depression. Our data also suggested that later-acting inbreeding depression of progeny from robbed flowers could be reduced in comparison with that from unrobbed flowers. • We suggest that nectar robbing can have both negative and positive effects on the quantity and quality, respectively, of progeny produced in selfing plants, and challenge the view that robbing has no effect on selfing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Biology Department, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Ya-Ping He
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yong-Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Vallejo-Marín M, Dorken ME, Barrett SC. The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Clonality for Plant Mating. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vallejo-Marín
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom;
| | - Marcel E. Dorken
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Petersborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada;
| | - Spencer C.H. Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2; Canada;
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Dorken ME, Van Drunen WE. Sex allocation in clonal plants: might clonal expansion enhance fitness gains through male function? Evol Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-010-9393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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