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Han M, Qie Q, Liu M, Meng H, Wu T, Yang Y, Niu L, Sun G, Wang Y. Clonal growth characteristics and diversity patterns of different Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae) diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the Hualongshan Mountains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15509. [PMID: 38969683 PMCID: PMC11226640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization plays an important role in plant evolution and biodiversity. However, intraspecific polyploidy compared to interspecific polyploidy received less attention. Clintonia udensis (Liliaceae) possess diploid (2n = 2x = 14) and autotetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) cytotypes. In the Hualongshan Mountains, the autotetraploids grew on the northern slope, while the diploids grew on the southern slopes. The clonal growth characteristics and clonal architecture were measured and analyzed by field observations and morphological methods. The diversity level and differentiation patterns for two different cytotypes were investigated using SSR markers. The results showed that the clonal growth parameters, such as the bud numbers of each rhizome node and the ratio of rhizome branches in the autotetraploids were higher than those in the diploids. Both the diploids and autotetraploids appeared phalanx clonal architectures with short internodes between ramets. However, the ramets or genets of the diploids had a relatively scattered distribution, while those of the autotetraploids were relatively clumping. The diploids and autotetraploids all allocated more biomass to their vegetative growth. The diploids had a higher allocation to reproductive organs than that of autotetraploids, which indicated that the tetraploids invested more resources in clonal reproduction than diploids. The clone diversity and genetic diversity of the autotetraploids were higher than that of the diploids. Significant genetic differentiation between two different cytotypes was observed (P < 0.01). During establishment and evolution, C. udensis autotetraploids employed more clumping phalanx clonal architecture and exhibited more genetic variation than the diploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Han
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Qiyang Qie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Meilan Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Huiqin Meng
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Yadi Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Lingling Niu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China
| | - Genlou Sun
- Department of Botany, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Yiling Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Heckman RW, Pereira CG, Aspinwall MJ, Juenger TE. Physiological Responses of C 4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:737-769. [PMID: 38424068 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-093952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change-C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought-although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Cedar City, Utah, USA;
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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Watson MA, Vuorisalo T. Interactions between developmental phenology, carbon movement, and storage constrain demography in the understory clonal herb Podophyllum peltatum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1325052. [PMID: 38988638 PMCID: PMC11233756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1325052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about how carbon integration and storage dynamics affect and are affected by demography in field populations. We sought to elucidate this link by examining dynamic patterns of carbon integration relative to the timing of demographically significant developmental decisions regarding shoot type determination in mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, a clonal plant with large and persistent rhizomes. Individual rhizome systems growing in natural populations were fed 14CO2 either in late-April, early-May, or mid-June, then harvested at intervals throughout the current season and into the next. When distribution of label was examined we found that carbon fixed at different times in the growing season is used differently: April-fixed assimilate remained in the labeled shoot or was moved into the old rhizome, May-fixed assimilate was found predominantly in the old rhizome, while early-June fixed assimilate moved into the old rhizome and the extending new ramet. Movement of assimilate into the old rhizome appeared to have precedence over formation of additional new ramets. Despite significant within season changes in location of dominant sinks within rhizome systems, there was little redistribution of labeled assimilate: early fixed assimilate was not used to fuel later within season growth, however, assimilate was redistributed between seasons. Vegetative and sexual systems differed in the distribution only of April-fixed assimilate. This was observed even though early labeling occurred prior to anthesis. Sexual systems retained a greater proportion of assimilate in the stem than did vegetative ones, which exported more to the old rhizome. 14C-distribution patterns did not vary between systems differing in future demographic status suggesting that the developmental decision regarding shoot type is based on resources acquired in prior years. We explore the hypothesis that preformation and storage are functionally linked traits that permit plants to coordinate the developmental determination of structures differing in cost and demographic function with known resource status. We conclude that demography influences and is influenced by integrative physiology and that physiological restrictions on within season redistribution of assimilates constrain plants' capacities to respond to short-term environmental variation. Such constraints may affect plants' abilities to respond to rapid environmental change in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine A. Watson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Timo Vuorisalo
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zhang F, Li Y, Ji B, Dong S. Spatial distribution and drivers of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1427850. [PMID: 39045593 PMCID: PMC11264307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1427850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are pivotal in plant resource acquisition, mediating plant interactions, and influencing soil carbon dynamics. However, their biogeographical distribution in Tibetan alpine grasslands remains understudied. Methods In this research, we examined the distribution pattern of AMF communities and their key determinants along a 2000-km transect across the Tibetan plateau, encompassing 7 alpine meadows and 8 alpine steppes. Results Our findings indicate that AMF community diversity and composition exhibit similarities between alpine meadows and alpine steppes, primarily influenced by latitude and evapotranspiration. At the genus level, Glomus predominated in both alpine meadow (36.49%±2.67%) and alpine steppe (41.87%±2.36%) soils, followed by Paraglomus (27.14%±3.69%, 32.34%±3.28%). Furthermore, a significant decay relationship of AMF community was observed over geographical distance. Null model analyses revealed that random processes predominantly (>50%) drove the assembly of AMF communities. Discussion In summary, our study elucidates the spatial distribution pattern of AMF in Tibetan plateau grasslands and underscores the significant influence of geographical and climatic factors on AMF community dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaoming Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Kapás RE, Kimberley A, Cousins SAO. The role of seed rain, seed bank, and clonal growth in plant colonization of ancient and restored grasslands. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11611. [PMID: 38903144 PMCID: PMC11186710 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the establishment of plant species is important to inform management of restored grasslands and to preserve biodiversity in ancient grasslands. In grassland communities, plant species can establish from seeds arriving via spatial dispersal, from seeds in the soil seed bank or through vegetative spread from nearby source individuals. However, this colonization potential and the likelihood of species establishment can vary in grasslands with different land-use history. We investigated the relative importance of local species recruitment sources, such as dispersal in space and time and species presence in adjacent grasslands, in determining establishment of plant species in eight grasslands with different land-use history (paired ancient grasslands continuously managed as pasture vs. restored grasslands on former forest). At each grassland, we established plots (0.25 m2) to monitor seedling emergence from seed dispersal, seed bank, and recorded clonal growth over two growing periods. We found that the likelihood of species establishment was highest from local seed rain, and that species present in the local species pool were more able to germinate and establish in both type of grasslands. Species from the seed bank and clonal growth contributed to a lesser extent to species establishment, but represented a greater proportion of the recolonization and regeneration of species in ancient grasslands. These results demonstrate that surrounding grasslands serve as a source for colonizing species and that dispersal from the adjacent grasslands is the key process in regeneration and colonization of plants. These results imply that the recovery of grasslands depends heavily upon to links to species source in grasslands, especially in restored grasslands. Therefore, management plans should incorporate rotational livestock grazing and larger networks of grassland in restoration efforts, which will enable to desirable species to establish and persist in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozália E. Kapás
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Adam Kimberley
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- UK Center for Ecology & HydrologyLancasterUK
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Keen RM, Bachle S, Bartmess M, Nippert JB. Combined effects of fire and drought are not sufficient to slow shrub encroachment in tallgrass prairie. Oecologia 2024; 204:727-742. [PMID: 38492034 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Woody encroachment-the spread of woody vegetation in open ecosystems-is a common threat to grasslands worldwide. Reversing encroachment can be exceedingly difficult once shrubs become established, particularly clonal species that resprout following disturbance. Single stressors are unlikely to reverse woody encroachment, but using multiple stressors in tandem could be successful in slowing or reversing encroachment. We explored whether increasing fire frequency in conjunction with multi-year drought could reduce growth and survival of encroaching shrubs in a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas, USA. Passive rainout shelters (~ 50% rainfall reduction) were constructed over mature clonal shrubs (Cornus drummondii) and co-existing C4 grasses in two fire treatments (1-year and 4-year burn frequency). Leaf- and whole-plant level physiological responses to drought and fire frequency were monitored in shrubs and grasses from 2019 to 2022. Shrub biomass and stem density following fire were unaffected by five years of consecutive drought treatment, regardless of fire frequency. The drought treatment had more negative effects on grass leaf water potential and photosynthetic rates compared to shrubs. Shrub photosynthetic rates were remarkably stable across each growing season. Overall, we found that five consecutive years of moderate drought in combination with fire was not sufficient to reduce biomass production or stem density in an encroaching clonal shrub (C. drummondii). These results suggest that moderate but chronic press-drought events do not sufficiently stress encroaching clonal shrubs to negatively impact their resilience following fire events, even when fire frequency is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Keen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - S Bachle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, 68504, USA
| | - M Bartmess
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Pottawatomie County, KS, USA
| | - J B Nippert
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Klimešová J, Herben T. Belowground morphology as a clue for plant response to disturbance and productivity in a temperate flora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:61-76. [PMID: 38358032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess a large variety of nonacquisitive belowground organs, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and coarse roots. These organs determine a whole set of functions that are decisive in coping with climate, productivity, disturbance, and biotic interactions, and have been hypothesized to affect plant distribution along environmental gradients. We assembled data on belowground organ morphology for 1712 species from Central Europe and tested these hypotheses by quantifying relationships between belowground morphologies and species optima along ecological gradients related to productivity and disturbance. Furthermore, we linked these data with species co-occurrence in 30 115 vegetation plots from the Czech Republic to determine relationships between belowground organ diversity and these gradients. The strongest gradients determining belowground organ distribution were disturbance severity and frequency, light, and moisture. Nonclonal perennials and annuals occupy much smaller parts of the total environmental space than major types of clonal plants. Forest habitats had the highest diversity of co-occurring belowground morphologies; in other habitats, the diversity of belowground morphologies was generally lower than the random expectation. Our work shows that nonacquisitive belowground organs may be partly responsible for plant environmental niches. This adds a new dimension to the plant trait spectrum, currently based on acquisitive traits (leaves and fine roots) only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Praha 2, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Praha 2, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
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Wu J, Hou X, Xu L, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Guo Z, Adomako MO, Ma Q. Belowground bud banks and land use change: roles of vegetation and soil properties in mediating the composition of bud banks in different ecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1330664. [PMID: 38250452 PMCID: PMC10796614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1330664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Belowground bud banks play integral roles in vegetation regeneration and ecological succession of plant communities; however, human-caused changes in land use severely threaten their resilience and regrowth. Although vegetation attributes and soil properties mediate such anthropogenic effects, their influence on bud bank size and composition and its regulatory mechanisms under land use change have not been explored. Methods We conducted a field investigation to examine impacts of land use change on bud bank size and composition, vegetation attributes, and soil properties in wetlands (WL), farmlands (FL), and alpine meadow (AM) ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China. Results Overall, 63 soil samples in close proximity to the vegetation quadrats were excavated using a shovel, and samples of the excavated soil were placed in plastic bags for onward laboratory soil analysis. The total bud density (1514.727 ± 296.666) and tiller bud density (1229.090 ± 279.002) in wetland ecosystems were significantly higher than in farmland and alpine meadow ecosystems [i.e., total (149.333 ± 21.490 and 573.647 ± 91.518) and tiller bud density (24.666 ± 8.504 and 204.235 ± 50.550), respectively]. While vegetation attributes critically affected bud banks in WL ecosystems, soil properties strongly influenced bud banks in farmland and alpine meadow ecosystems. In wetland ecosystems, total and tiller buds were predominantly dependent on soil properties, but vegetation density played a significant role in farmlands and alpine meadow ecosystems. Root sprouting and rhizome buds significantly correlated with total C in the top 0 - 10 cm layer of farmland and alpine meadow ecosystems, respectively, and depended mainly on soil properties. Discussion Our results demonstrate that land use change alters bud bank size and composition; however, such responses differed among bud types in wetland, farmland, and alpine meadow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Quanlai Zhou
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongcui Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziwu Guo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hanzhou, China
| | - Michael Opoku Adomako
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Institute of Wetland Ecology and Clone Ecology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Valliere JM, Irvine IC, Allen EB. Nitrogen deposition suppresses ephemeral post-fire plant diversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17117. [PMID: 38273574 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fire is a dominant force shaping patterns of plant diversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In these biodiversity hotspots, including California's endangered coastal scrub, many species remain hidden belowground as seeds and bulbs, only to emerge and flower when sufficient rainfall occurs after wildfire. The unique adaptations possessed by these species enable survival during prolonged periods of unfavorable conditions, but their continued persistence could be threatened by nonnative plant invasion and environmental change. Furthermore, their fleeting presence aboveground makes evaluating these threats in situ a challenge. For example, nitrogen (N) deposition resulting from air pollution is a well-recognized threat to plant diversity worldwide but impacts on fire-following species are not well understood. We experimentally evaluated the impact of N deposition on post-fire vegetation cover and richness for three years in stands of coastal sage scrub that had recently burned in a large wildfire in southern California. We installed plots receiving four levels of N addition that corresponded to the range of N deposition rates in the region. We assessed the impact of pre-fire invasion status on vegetation dynamics by including plots in areas that had previously been invaded by nonnative grasses, as well as adjacent uninvaded areas. We found that N addition reduced native forb cover in the second year post-fire while increasing the abundance of nonnative forbs. As is typical in fire-prone ecosystems, species richness declined over the three years of the study. However, N addition hastened this process, and native forb richness was severely reduced under high N availability, especially in previously invaded shrublands. An indicator species analysis also revealed that six functionally and taxonomically diverse forb species were especially sensitive to N addition. Our results highlight a new potential mechanism for the depletion of native species through the suppression of ephemeral post-fire bloom events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Valliere
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Edith B Allen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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10
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Zhao B, Wang JW. Perenniality: From model plants to applications in agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:141-157. [PMID: 38115580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for their sessile nature, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments. One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies, particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death, while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally. This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors. Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common, perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses. This proportion, however, is reversed in agriculture. Hence, perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change. Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops, progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials, and many developed species await further improvement. Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation. This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS, Shanghai 200032, China; New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Khodaverdi M, Mullinger MD, Shafer HR, Preston JC. Melica as an emerging model system for comparative studies in temperate Pooideae grasses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1175-1190. [PMID: 37696761 PMCID: PMC10902897 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pooideae grasses contain some of the world's most important crop and forage species. Although much work has been conducted on understanding the genetic basis of trait diversification within a few annual Pooideae, comparative studies at the subfamily level are limited by a lack of perennial models outside 'core' Pooideae. We argue for development of the perennial non-core genus Melica as an additional model for Pooideae, and provide foundational data regarding the group's biogeography and history of character evolution. METHODS Supplementing available ITS and ndhF sequence data, we built a preliminary Bayesian-based Melica phylogeny, and used it to understand how the genus has diversified in relation to geography, climate and trait variation surveyed from various floras. We also determine biomass accumulation under controlled conditions for Melica species collected across different latitudes and compare inflorescence development across two taxa for which whole genome data are forthcoming. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses reveal three strongly supported geographically structured Melica clades that are distinct from previously hypothesized subtribes. Despite less geographical affinity between clades, the two sister 'Ciliata' and 'Imperfecta' clades segregate from the more phylogenetically distant 'Nutans' clade in thermal climate variables and precipitation seasonality, with the 'Imperfecta' clade showing the highest levels of trait variation. Growth rates across Melica are positively correlated with latitude of origin. Variation in inflorescence morphology appears to be explained largely through differences in secondary branch distance, phyllotaxy and number of spikelets per secondary branch. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here and in previous studies suggest that Melica possesses many of the necessary features to be developed as an additional model for Pooideae grasses, including a relatively fast generation time, perenniality, and interesting variation in physiology and morphology. The next step will be to generate a genome-based phylogeny and transformation tools for functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khodaverdi
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Mark D Mullinger
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hannah R Shafer
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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12
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Li Y, Bao G, Zhang P, Feng X, Ma J, Lu H, Shi H, Wei X, Tang B, Liu K. Changes in bud bank and their correlation with plant community composition in degraded alpine meadows. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1259340. [PMID: 37900741 PMCID: PMC10613031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Bud banks are considered a crucial factor in regulating the species composition of grassland communities and maintaining the ecological function of alpine grasslands. However, few studies have paid attention to the dynamic changes of bud banks from undisturbed to severely degraded alpine meadows. Therefore, this study examined the correlations between plant diversity and bud bank traits at different stages of alpine meadows degradation. Grass biomasses and plant diversity were found to be highest in moderately degraded meadows, and sedge biomasses were highest in lightly degraded meadows. Lack of disturbance and moderate disturbance by herbivores increased the bud bank density of alpine meadows. Consistent with the changes in bud bank density, bud bank diversity was highest in undisturbed meadows. The structural equation model indicated that the densities of rhizome and the densities and diversities of tiller buds play crucial roles in facilitating the greater diversity of the plant community. Our findings suggest that the diversities and densities of rhizome and tiller buds in the degradation stages are synchronized with changes in plant diversity, and in the regenerative ability of bud banks, which largely determine the outcome of restoration in degraded meadows. These findings could provide a frame of reference for effectively restoring degraded alpine regions by regenerating bud banks. The potential driving force and renewal capacity of bud banks should be taken into account in restoring the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's degraded meadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Gensheng Bao
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoyun Feng
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jingjuan Ma
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hainian Lu
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hongxiao Shi
- Grassland Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wei
- Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | | | - Kai Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station, Xining, China
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13
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Gagnon E, Baldaszti L, Moonlight P, Knapp S, Lehmann CER, Särkinen T. Functional and ecological diversification of underground organs in Solanum. Front Genet 2023; 14:1231413. [PMID: 37886686 PMCID: PMC10597785 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1231413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of geophytes in response to different environmental stressors is poorly understood largely due to the great morphological variation in underground plant organs, which includes species with rhizomatous structures or underground storage organs (USOs). Here we compare the evolution and ecological niche patterns of different geophytic organs in Solanum L., classified based on a functional definition and using a clade-based approach with an expert-verified specimen occurrence dataset. Results from PERMANOVA and Phylogenetic ANOVAs indicate that geophytic species occupy drier areas, with rhizomatous species found in the hottest areas whereas species with USOs are restricted to cooler areas in the montane tropics. In addition, rhizomatous species appear to be adapted to fire-driven disturbance, in contrast to species with USOs that appear to be adapted to prolonged climatic disturbance such as unfavorable growing conditions due to drought and cold. We also show that the evolution of rhizome-like structures leads to changes in the relationship between range size and niche breadth. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that in Solanum rhizomatous species are evolutionarily more labile compared to species with USOs. Our results suggest that underground organs enable plants to shift their niches towards distinct extreme environmental conditions and have different evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeline Gagnon
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ludwig Baldaszti
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Moonlight
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Caroline E. R. Lehmann
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tiina Särkinen
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Karami O, Mueller-Roeber B, Rahimi A. The central role of stem cells in determining plant longevity variation. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100566. [PMID: 36840355 PMCID: PMC10504568 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants display a huge variety of longevity patterns, from a few weeks for several annual species up to thousands of years for some perennial species. Understanding how longevity variation is structured has long been considered a fundamental aspect of the life sciences in view of evolution, species distribution, and adaptation to diverse environments. Unlike animals, whose organs are typically formed during embryogenesis, vascular plants manage to extend their life by continuously producing new tissues and organs in apical and lateral directions via proliferation of stem cells located within specialized tissues called meristems. Stem cells are the main source of plant longevity. Variation in plant longevity is highly dependent on the activity and fate identity of stem cells. Multiple developmental factors determine how stem cells contribute to variation in plant longevity. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic mechanisms, hormonal signaling, and environmental factors involved in controlling plant longevity through long-term maintenance of stem cell fate identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
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15
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Schaeffer J, Hembree KJ, Shrestha A. Biology, Germination Ecology, and Shade Tolerance of Alkaliweed ( Cressa truxillensis) and Its Response to Common Postemergence Herbicides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2679. [PMID: 37514293 PMCID: PMC10384926 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alkaliweed (Cressa truxillensis) is a native perennial plant of the western USA and in California, they are found primarily in saline and alkaline soils. Lately, it has been observed in Central Valley pistachio, olive, and almond orchards as a problematic species. Very little information is available on the effect of environmental factors on germination, shade tolerance, and the response of this species to herbicides. Therefore, studies were conducted to assess the effect of environmental factors (water potential, salinity, and pH) on seed germination, the influence of shade (30% shade 70% shade, and no shade) on aboveground growth, and the response of alkaliweed to common registered post-emergent herbicides. Results showed that the seeds were moderately tolerant to drought but highly adapted to salinity and pH as germination occurred up to an electrical conductivity level of 20 dS m-1 and pH range of 5 to 9. Both shade levels reduced aboveground growth and formation of reproductive structures. None of the postemergence herbicides provided adequate control of the plants. Therefore, an integrated management plan needs to be developed for alkaliweed control in Central Valley orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Schaeffer
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA 93710, USA
| | - Kurt J Hembree
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Fresno, CA 93710, USA
| | - Anil Shrestha
- Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA
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16
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Cheplick GP. Spatiotemporal variation of chasmogamy and cleistogamy in a native perennial grass: fecundity, reproductive allocation and allometry. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad020. [PMID: 37197713 PMCID: PMC10184453 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to assess the relative variability or stability of chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) reproduction in perennial herbs with mixed mating because long-term data in natural populations are unavailable. Here, the aim was to quantify and compare spatial (between-habitat) and temporal (among-year) variation in CH and CL reproduction over 5 years in two subpopulations of the native perennial grass Danthonia compressa. This species produces CH spikelets on terminal panicles in early summer, while axillary CL spikelets, including a basal cleistogene, mature into the autumn. Flowering tillers were collected from a sunny woodland edge and an adjacent shady interior habitat for 5 consecutive years (2017-21). Seed set, fecundity, seed mass and biomass allocation were recorded for the two floral types along with tiller vegetative mass. Bivariate line fitting was used for allometric analysis of CH and CL fecundity. Seed set, fecundity, mass per seed and allocation to seeds differed between floral types and showed significant variation between habitats and among years. Seed set and fecundity in CH panicles were greater than that of axillary CL panicles in most years. Tiller mass positively affected axillary CL seed production and mass of the basal cleistogene. Fecundity and allocation among years were more variable for CH compared to CL reproduction. High seed set and fecundity of CH spikelets suggest that pollination does not limit reproduction via chasmogamy. Late maturation of axillary CL spikelets provides additional fecundity, especially in larger plants along sunny woodland edges. The heavy cleistogene at the tiller base could be important to population persistence, analogous to the axillary bud bank of other perennial grasses that are not cleistogamous. The spatiotemporal stability of CL reproduction underscores the ecological significance of cleistogamy to reproductive fitness.
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17
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Li X, Zhang Y, Kong FL, Naz M, Zhou JY, Qi SS, Dai ZC, Du DL. Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides Benefits More Competition Advantage from Rhizosphere Bacteria Regardless of the Host Source. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112085. [PMID: 37299065 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere plays a vital role in the exchange of materials in the soil-plant ecosystem, and rhizosphere microorganisms are crucial for plant growth and development. In this study, we isolated two strains of Pantoea rhizosphere bacteria separately from invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides and native A. sessilis. We conducted a control experiment to test the effects of these bacteria on the growth and competition of the two plant species using sterile seedlings. Our findings showed that the rhizobacteria strain isolated from A. sessilis significantly promoted the growth of invasive A. philoxeroides in monoculture compared to native A. sessilis. Both strains significantly enhanced the growth and competitiveness of invasive A. philoxeroides under competition conditions, regardless of their host source. Our study suggests that rhizosphere bacteria, including those from different host sources, can contribute to the invasion of A. philoxeroides by significantly enhancing its competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang-Li Kong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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18
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Chiminazzo MA, Bombo AB, Charles-Dominique T, Fidelis A. Bark production of generalist and specialist species across savannas and forests in the Cerrado. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:613-621. [PMID: 36651635 PMCID: PMC10147323 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bark allows species to survive fire, protecting their inner tissues and allowing new branches to resprout from aerial buds. Thus, bark production is likely to be selected with aerial bud protection in fire-prone ecosystems. By considering the coexistence of fire-prone and fire-free ecosystems, in addition to the different impacts of flames on different growth forms, in this study we tested whether: (1) species from areas with higher fire frequencies have a faster bark production; (2) bark growth rate differs between trees and shrubs; (3) generalists adjust their bark production according to their environment (fire-prone or fire-free ecosystems); and (4) fast bark production results in better aerial bud protection. METHODS We sampled two different types of forests and savannas in the Cerrado and registered every woody individual with height between 1.5 and 3 m tall (directly exposed to the flames). For the 123 species registered, we sampled three different individuals in each vegetation type where the species occurred to assess their bark production and aerial bud protection. We then checked, for each species, their preferred habitat (savanna and forest specialists or generalists) and their predominant growth form. KEY RESULTS A minimal threshold of 0.13 mm per growth unit of bark production differentiated woody communities from savannas and forests. Shrubs and trees did not differ in terms of bark growth rate, despite being exposed to the flames in a different manner. Generalist species in savannas were able to produce bark above the threshold. However, when these species were in forests they produced bark below the threshold. Finally, a higher bark growth rate accounted for a better aerial bud protection. CONCLUSIONS Generalist species are likely to be capable of displaying plasticity in their bark production, which could be important for their success in contrasting ecosystems. The relationship between aerial bud protection and bark growth rate suggests that bark production plays an important role in protecting the dormant buds, in addition to being selected in fire-prone ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Chiminazzo
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Bertolosi Bombo
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences – Paris CNRS UMR 7618, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Avenida 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
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19
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Fu QY, Yu CL, Dong R, Shi J, Luo FL, Gao JQ, Li HL, Dong BC, Yu FH. Transgenerational Herbivory Effects on Performance of Clonal Offspring of the Invasive Plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1180. [PMID: 36904040 PMCID: PMC10005396 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between alien plants and local enemies in introduced ranges may determine plant invasion success. However, little is known about whether herbivory-induced responses are transmitted across vegetative generations of plants and whether epigenetic changes are involved during this process. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the effects of herbivory by the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura on the growth, physiology, biomass allocation and DNA methylation level of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in the first- (G1), second- (G2) and third-generation (G3). We also tested the effects of root fragments with different branching orders (i.e., the primary- or secondary-root fragments of taproots) of G1 on offspring performance. Our results showed that G1 herbivory promoted the growth of the plants in G2 that sprouted from the secondary-root fragments of G1 but had a neutral or negative effect on the growth of the plants in G2 from the primary-root fragments. The growth of plants in G3 was significantly reduced by G3 herbivory but not affected by G1 herbivory. Plants in G1 exhibited a higher level of DNA methylation when they were damaged by herbivores than when they were not, while neither plants in G2 nor G3 showed herbivory-induced changes in DNA methylation. Overall, the herbivory-induced growth response within one vegetative generation may represent the rapid acclimatization of A. philoxeroides to the unpredictable generalist herbivores in the introduced ranges. Herbivory-induced trans-generational effects may be transient for clonal offspring of A. philoxeroides, which can be influenced by the branching order of taproots, but be less characterized by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Fu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Cheng-Ling Yu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Shi
- School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang-Li Luo
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun-Qin Gao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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20
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Li W, Huang A, Zhou T, Liu M, Ma S, Zhao N, Wang X, Sun J. Patterns and drivers of the belowground bud bank in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1095864. [PMID: 36743557 PMCID: PMC9893863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In grassland ecosystems dominated by asexual plants, the maintenance, renewal, and resistance of plant populations to disturbance are more dependent on the belowground bud bank (BBB). However, the response of the BBB to environmental factors in the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is still unknown. METHODS Therefore, a transect survey was conducted to measure the size and scale of BBB and 21 factors in the alpine grassland of the QTP. In addition, the critical driving factors of BBB were screened by boost regression tree analysis, and a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to express the path coefficients of the key factors on the BBB size. RESULTS The results showed that BBB size had no significant geographical pattern in the QTP, and the BBB size was mainly accounted for by soil leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, 17.32%), followed by Margalef and Shannon -Wiener indices of plants (12.63% and 9.24%, respectively), and precipitation (9.23%). SEM further indicated significant positive effects of plant diversity (scored at 0.296) and precipitation (scored at 0.180) on BBB size, and a significant negative effect of LAP (scored at 0.280) on BBB size. DISCUSSION Generally, the findings allow for better understanding of the regulated mechanisms of BBB size and the importance of the role of bud bank in the restoration of the grassland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (jointly built with Lanzhou University), Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Aiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujie Ma
- Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (jointly built with Lanzhou University), Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Ningning Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (jointly built with Lanzhou University), Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (jointly built with Lanzhou University), Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Li Q, Duan N, Liu C, Li H, Xu L. Allometry of bud dynamic pattern and linkage between bud traits and ecological stoichiometry of Nitraria tangutorum under fertilizer addition. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14934. [PMID: 36967995 PMCID: PMC10038085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Affected by the pressure and constraints of available resources, plant growth and development, as well as plant life history strategies, usually vary with environmental conditions. Plant buds play a crucial role in the life history of woody plants. Nitraria tangutorum is a common dominant woody species in desertified areas of northern China and its growth is critical to the desert ecosystem. Revealing the allometry of N. tangutorum aboveground bud fates and the linkage between bud traits and plant nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios can be useful in understanding plant adaptation strategy. We applied seven nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer addition treatments to natural N. tangutorum ramets in Ulan Buh Desert in three consecutive years. We surveyed three types of aboveground buds (dormant buds, vegetative buds, and reproductive buds) in each N. tangutorum ramet, then measured the plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and ratios during three consecutive years. We specified that reserve growth potential (RGP), vegetative growth intensity (VGI) and sexual reproduction effort (SRE) are the three indices of bud dynamic pattern. The results showed that the bud dynamic pattern of N. tangutorum ramets differed significantly among different fertilizer addition treatments and sampling years. The allometry of RGP, VGI, and SRE was obvious, showing size dependence. The allometric growth relationship fluctuated among the sampling years. The linkage between bud traits and plant stoichiometric characteristics of N. tangutorum ramets showed close correlation with plant P content, C:P and N:P ratios, no significant correlation with plant C content, N content and C:N ratio. These results contribute to an improved understanding of the adaptive strategies of woody plants growing in desert ecosystems and provide insights for adoption of effective measures to restore and conserve plant communities in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Duan
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chenggong Liu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
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22
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Heckman RW, Rueda A, Bonnette JE, Aspinwall MJ, Khasanova A, Hawkes CV, Juenger TE, Fay PA. Legacies of precipitation influence primary production in Panicum virgatum. Oecologia 2023; 201:269-278. [PMID: 36372830 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Precipitation is a key driver of primary production worldwide, but primary production does not always track year-to-year variation in precipitation linearly. Instead, plant responses to changes in precipitation may exhibit time lags, or legacies of past precipitation. Legacies can be driven by multiple mechanisms, including persistent changes in plant physiological and morphological traits and changes to the physical environment, such as plant access to soil water. We used three precipitation manipulation experiments in central Texas, USA to evaluate the magnitude, duration, and potential mechanisms driving precipitation legacies on aboveground primary production of the perennial C4 grass, Panicum virgatum. Specifically, we performed a rainout shelter study, where eight genotypes grew under different precipitation regimes; a transplant study, where plants that had previously grown in a rainout shelter under different precipitation regimes were moved to a common environment; and a mesocosm study, where the effect of swapping precipitation regime was examined with a single genotype. Across these experiments, plants previously grown under wet conditions generally performed better than expected when exposed to drought. Panicum virgatum exhibited stronger productivity legacies of past wet years on current-year responses to drought than of past dry years on current-year responses to wet conditions. Additionally, previous year tiller counts, a proxy for meristem availability, were important in determining legacy effects on aboveground production. As climate changes and precipitation extremes-both dry and wet-become more common, these results suggest that populations of P. virgatum may become less resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Cedar City, UT, 84721, USA.
| | - Austin Rueda
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- PathogenDx, Tucson, AZ, 85714, USA
| | - Jason E Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Albina Khasanova
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 74720, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Philip A Fay
- Grassland Soil and Water Research Lab, USDA-ARS, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
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23
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Responses of grassland productivity to mowing intensity and precipitation variability in a temperate steppe. Oecologia 2023; 201:259-268. [PMID: 36507970 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mowing for hay is an important land use in grasslands that is affected by precipitation variability, due to the water-limited nature of these ecosystems. Past land use and precipitation conditions can have legacy effects on ecosystem functions, potentially altering responses to both mowing and precipitation. Nonetheless, it is still unclear how natural variation in precipitation will affect plant responses to changes in mowing intensity. We conducted a seven-year field experiment with three mowing intensity treatments compared to the traditional mowing intensity (5 cm stubble height) as a control: increased mowing (2 cm stubble), decreased mowing (8 cm stubble) and ceased mowing. Decreased mowing increased both plant aboveground net primary productivity [ANPP] and forage yield across the whole community, driven by increases in graminoids, mainly owing to the positive response of plants to precipitation. Both mowing disturbance and precipitation variability had legacy effects on plant ANPP; however, these responses differed among the whole community, graminoid, and forb levels. Current-year community-wide ANPP [ANPPn] was positively associated with current-year precipitation [PPTn] in all mowing treatments, driven by positive precipitation responses of the dominant graminoids. For forbs, however, ANPPn was negatively associated with prior-year growing season precipitation [PPTn-1] across mowing treatments, potentially due to lagged competition with the dominant graminoids. Our results suggest that the response of the dominant graminoids is the primary factor determining the response of ANPP to mowing and precipitation variability in these grassland ecosystems, and highlight that decreasing mowing intensity may maximize both herder's income and grassland sustainability.
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Martínková J, Motyka V, Bitomský M, Adamec L, Dobrev PI, Filartiga A, Filepová R, Gaudinová A, Lacek J, Klimešová J. What determines root-sprouting ability: Injury or phytohormones? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16102. [PMID: 36371783 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Root-sprouting (RS) is an evolutionarily independent alternative to axillary stem branching for a plant to attain its architecture. Root-sprouting plants are better adapted to disturbance than non-RS plants, and their vigor is frequently boosted by biomass removal. Nevertheless, RS plants are rarer than plants that are not root-sprouters, possibly because they must overcome developmental barriers such as intrinsic phytohormonal balance or because RS ability is conditioned by injury to the plant body. The objective of this study was to identify whether phytohormones or injury enable RS. METHODS In a greenhouse experiment, growth variables, root respiration, and phytohormones were analyzed in two closely related clonal herbs that differ in RS ability (spontaneously RS Inula britannica and rhizomatous non-RS I. salicina) with and without severe biomass removal. RESULTS As previously reported, I. britannica is a root-sprouter, but injury did not boost its RS ability. Root respiration did not differ between the two species and decreased continuously with time irrespectively of injury, but their phytohormone profiles differed significantly. In RS species, the auxins-to-cytokinins ratio was low, and injury further decreased it. CONCLUSIONS This first attempt to test drivers behind different plant growth forms suggests that intrinsic phytohormone regulation, especially the auxins-to-cytokinins ratio, might be behind RS ability. Injury, causing a phytohormonal imbalance, seems to be less important in spontaneously RS species than expected for RS species in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Martínková
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Motyka
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bitomský
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 241/27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Arinawa Filartiga
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Gaudinová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Gao J, Liu R, Luo M, Wang G. The clonal growth in Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2083818. [PMID: 35713121 PMCID: PMC9225526 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2083818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. is used as traditional herbal medicine in China, Japan, and other Asian countries. A. carmichaelii has two modes for reproduction: sexual reproduction with seed and vegetative reproduction with vegetative propagules. The vegetative propagules are belowground and invisible. To date, only a handful of studies for the clonal growth are available. In this study, we investigated the clonal growth by anatomical and morphological changes. Results revealed that the axillary bud appeared on the rhizome. Furthermore, the axillary meristem in the axillary bud differentiated a bud upwards and an adventitious root (AR) downwards. The AR expanded to a tuberous root in order to provide the bud nutrients for the new plant. The AR branched LRs. In addition, some lateral roots (LRs) on the AR also swelled. Both the AR and LR were found to follow a similar pattern of development. However, high lignification in the stele region of LRs inhibited further expansion. AR development was attributed to activities of the cambium and meristem cell, starch accumulation, stele lignification, and a polyarch stele. Our study not only provides a better understanding of clonal growth but also provides clues to explore the regulatory mechanisms underlying AR development in A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Araki KS, Shimatani IK, Ohara M. Genet dynamics and its variation among genets of a clonal plant
Convallaria keiskei. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako S. Araki
- Dept of Ecosystem Studies, School of Environmental Science, The Univ. of Shiga Prefecture Shiga Japan
- Faculty of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | | | - Masashi Ohara
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido Univ. Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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Chen XS, Huang Y, Cai YH, Hou ZY, Deng ZM, Li F, Zou YA, Xie YH. Belowground seed and bud banks play complementary roles in the potential recruitment of dominant macrophyte communities in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1075496. [PMID: 36561449 PMCID: PMC9763321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both seed and bud banks play important roles in the recruitment and maintenance of macrophyte communities; however, few studies have investigated them simultaneously. We investigated the abundance, species composition, and seasonal patterns of seed and bud banks in two dominant macrophyte communities, Carex and Miscanthus, in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The seed densities of both communities were lower from November (after flooding) to March and increased dramatically before flooding (in May). The bud densities of the two dominant communities peaked in the coldest month of the year (January), decreased markedly in March, and were the lowest before flooding. The seed banks of the two macrophyte communities were mainly composed of annual species and a few perennial species, whereas the bud banks were composed of only dominant perennials. Furthermore, the perennial species present in bud banks did not occur in seed banks. Among the soil variables, the bud densities of both plant communities were negatively associated with soil bulk density, whereas the seed density of the Miscanthus community was positively associated with soil bulk density. Our results suggest that seed and bud banks are complementary in the potential recruitment of macrophyte communities; that is, bud banks regulate the demography of dominant perennials, and seed banks contribute to the recruitment and dispersal of annual species. Given the high abundance of annuals and near absence of the most dominant perennials in the seed bank, the bud banks of dominant perennial species should be more widely used in wetland restoration and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Chen
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland Ecology National Long-term Scientific Research Base, Dongzhi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-He Cai
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye-Ai Zou
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Mei YH, Li X, Zhou JY, Kong FL, Qi SS, Zhu B, Naz M, Dai ZC, Du DL. Both Adaptability and Endophytic Bacteria Are Linked to the Functional Traits in the Invasive Clonal Plant Wedelia trilobata. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233369. [PMID: 36501409 PMCID: PMC9738965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of the interactions between endophytes and host plants is unclear in invasive plants from different geographical latitudes. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between endophytic microbes and the functional traits of the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata. We explored the relationship between endophytes and the clonal growth traits of the invasive clonal plant Wedelia trilobata from different geographical latitudes using high-throughput sequencing technology and a common garden-planting experiment. We found that: (1) Different W. trilobata populations had similar endophytic fungi but different endophytic bacteria. However, no latitudinal variation pattern of the overall microbial community was found; (2) plant clonal growth performance (i.e., spacer length) was significantly correlated with endophytic bacterial diversity but not fungal diversity; and (3) the latitudinal variation pattern of the plant clonal growth performance of W. trilobata populations was found in pre-cultivated (i.e., wild) individuals but disappeared in post-cultivated W. trilobata. Our results suggest both environmental adaptability and the endophytic bacterial community are linked to the functional traits of the invasive clonal plant W. trilobata, and these functional traits tend to increase its invasiveness, which may enhance its invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Mei
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhou
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang-Li Kong
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shan-Shan Qi
- School of the Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
| | - Misbah Naz
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhi-Cong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dao-Lin Du
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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29
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Zhai S, Qian J, Ma Q, Liu Z, Ba C, Xin Z, Tian L, Zong L, Liang W, Zhu J. Effect of Rhizome Severing on Survival and Growth of Rhizomatous Herb Phragmites communis Is Regulated by Sand Burial Depth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3191. [PMID: 36501231 PMCID: PMC9736298 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhizome fragmentation and sand burial are common phenomena in rhizomatous clonal plants. These traits serve as an adaptive strategy for survival in stressful environments. Thus far, some studies have been carried out on the effects of rhizome fragmentation and sand burial, but how the interaction between rhizome fragmentation and sand burial affects the growth and reproduction of rhizomatous clonal plants is unclear. We investigated the effect of the burial depth and rhizome fragment size on the survival and growth of the rhizomatous herb Phragmites communis using 288 clonal fragments (6 burial depths × 8 clonal fragment sizes × 6 replicates) in a field rhizome severing experiment. The ramet survival of the rhizomatous species significantly increased with the sand burial depth and clonal fragment size (p < 0.01), and the effects of the clonal fragment size on ramet survival depended on the sand burial depth. Sand burial enhanced both the vertical and horizontal biomass (p < 0.05), while the clonal fragment size affected the vertical biomass rather than the horizontal biomass. Sand burial facilitated the vertical growth of ramets (p < 0.05) while the number of newly produced ramets firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing clonal fragment size, and the maximal value appeared in four clonal fragments under a heavy sand burial depth. There is an interaction between the burial depth and rhizome fragment size in the growth of rhizome herbaceous plants. The population growth increases in the increase of sand burial depth, and reaches the maximum under severe sand burial and moderate rhizome fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhai
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chaoqun Ba
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Xin
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou 015200, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinlei Zhu
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100093, China
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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30
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Yang J, Zhang M, Wang XT. Response of under-ground bud bank to degradation in an alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1013331. [PMID: 36388515 PMCID: PMC9664154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1013331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the diversity and formation mechanism of under-ground bud banks is essential for understanding the renewal of plant populations and community succession. However, there are few studies on the response of bud bank size and composition to different degradation gradients in alpine meadows. In view of this, we investigated the size and composition of bud bank under four degradation gradients (non-degraded:ND, lightly degraded:LD, moderately degraded:MD, and heavily degraded:HD) caused by overgrazing in a typical alpine meadow in Tibet, China, using a unit area excavation sampling method, and analyzed the correlation between above-ground plant community composition and bud bank density. Our results showed that: (i) in the ND alpine meadow, rhizome buds were dominant, in the LD, tiller buds were dominant, and in the MD, root-sprouting buds were dominant; (ii) total bud bank and cyperaceae bud density decreased with increasing degradation gradient, the density of leguminosae was insignificant in each degradation gradient, and the density of gramineae and forb were dominant in LD and MD meadows, respectively; (iii) total bud bank density was significantly and positively correlated with total above-ground biomass in the LD gradient, tiller bud density was significantly positively correlated with the species diversity index of above-ground vegetation under the ND gradient, rhizome bud density was significantly and positively correlated with total above-ground biomass in the LD gradient, and root-sprouting density was significantly negatively correlated with total above-ground biomass in ND meadows, but was significantly positively correlated with the species diversity index of the LD gradient. Therefore, our research shows that rhizome buds are more important in ND meadow habitats, tiller buds are more important in LD meadow habitats, and root-sprouting buds are more important in MD meadows. The response of bud banks to degradation gradient varies with different types of bud banks and different functional groups of plants, and the survival strategy of bud banks is of great value for community restoration and regeneration, which should be paid more attention to in subsequent alpine meadow research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiang-tao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (jointly built with Lanzhou University), Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Ecological Grassland Animal Husbandry in Tibet Plateau, Nyingchi, China
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31
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Zhao F, Wang N, Liu J, Zhou Z. Effects of vegetation type and topography on vegetation restoration after pipeline construction in the Northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau, China. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuwang Zhao
- School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Jun'e Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Zhengchao Zhou
- School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
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32
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Henn JJ, Damschen EI. Grassland management actions influence soil conditions and plant community responses to winter climate change. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Henn
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology University of California Riverside Riverside California USA
- Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Ellen I. Damschen
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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Jones D, Fowler MS, Hocking S, Eastwood D. Comparing field-based management approaches for invasive Winter Heliotrope (Petasites pyrenaicus, Asteraceae). NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.74.82673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Winter Heliotrope (Petasites pyrenaicus, previously P. fragrans), is a persistent, rhizome-forming species found throughout the Mediterranean region and North Africa and is an Invasive Alien Plant (IAP) in the UK and Ireland. P. pyrenaicus excludes native flora by forming a dense, compact canopy that persists for much of the growing season, and is often found growing in rough ground, riparian areas and along communication routes, incurring significant management costs at sites of conservation interest. Our study describes the first field-based assessment of P. pyrenaicus control treatments, testing 12 physical and/or chemical treatments in replicated 1 m2 plots over four years and one chemical treatment over three years. Treatments focused on understanding phenology and resource allocation to exploit rhizome source-sink relationships in P. pyrenaicus. Multiple-stage glyphosate- and picloram-based treatments reduced leaf canopy cover to zero (%) over time, though no treatment completely eradicated P. pyrenaicus. When designing management strategies, effective P. pyrenaicus control may be achieved by a single annual soil and/or foliar application of picloram at 1.34 kg AE ha-1 in spring, or by a single annual foliar application of glyphosate in spring at 2.16 kg AE ha-1. Control is not improved by the addition of other herbicides or physical treatment methods, underlining the importance of these herbicides for perennial invasive plant management. This work confirms the importance of considering plant phenology, resource allocation and rhizome source-sink relationships, to increase treatment efficacy and reduce the environmental impacts associated with the management of P. pyrenaicus and other invasive, rhizome forming species.
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Bondaruk VF, Oñatibia GR, Fernández RJ, Agüero W, Blanco L, Brusquetti M, Kröpfl A, Loydi A, Pascual J, Peri P, Peter G, Quiroga RE, Yahdjian L. Forage provision is more affected by droughts in arid and semi‐arid than in mesic rangelands. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana F. Bondaruk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gastón R. Oñatibia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Roberto J. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Walter Agüero
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)‐EEA La Rioja La Rioja Argentina
| | - Lisandro Blanco
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)‐EEA La Rioja La Rioja Argentina
| | - Martín Brusquetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET‐Universidad de Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Alicia Kröpfl
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Viedma Argentina
- Centro Universitario Regional Zona Atlántica (CURZA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue Viedma Argentina
| | - Alejandro Loydi
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET‐Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - Jesús Pascual
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET‐Universidad de Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pablo Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA CONICET‐Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral Río Gallegos Santa Cruz Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Peter
- Universidad Nacional de Río Negro Viedma Argentina
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET‐Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - R. Emiliano Quiroga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)‐EEA La Rioja La Rioja Argentina
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET‐Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Cátedra de Ecología, Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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Ashokan A, Xavier A, Suksathan P, Ardiyani M, Leong-Škorničková J, Newman M, Kress WJ, Gowda V. Himalayan orogeny and monsoon intensification explain species diversification in an endemic ginger (Hedychium: Zingiberaceae) from the Indo-Malayan Realm. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 170:107440. [PMID: 35192919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Indo-Malayan Realm is a biogeographic realm that extends from the Indian Subcontinent to the islands of Southeast Asia (Malay Archipelago). Despite being megadiverse, evolutionary hypotheses explaining taxonomic diversity in this region have been rare. Here, we investigate the role of geoclimatic events such as Himalayan orogeny and monsoon intensification in the diversification of the ginger-lilies (Hedychium J.Koenig: Zingiberaceae). We first built a comprehensive, time-calibrated phylogeny of Hedychium with 75% taxonomic and geographic sampling. We found that Hedychium is a very young lineage that originated in Northern Indo-Burma, in the Late Miocene (c. 10.6 Ma). This was followed by a late Neogene and early Quaternary diversification, with multiple dispersal events to Southern Indo-Burma, Himalayas, Peninsular India, and the Malay Archipelago. The most speciose clade IV i.e., the predominantly Indo-Burmese clade also showed a higher diversification rate, suggesting its recent rapid radiation. Our divergence dating and GeoHiSSE results demonstrate that the diversification of Hedychium was shaped by both the intensifications in the Himalayan uplift as well as the Asian monsoon. Ancestral character-state reconstructions identified the occurrence of vegetative dormancy in both clades I and II, whereas the strictly epiphytic growth behavior, island dwarfism, lack of dormancy, and a distinct environmental niche were observed only in the predominantly island clade i.e., clade III. Finally, we show that the occurrence of epiphytism in clade III corresponds with submergence due to sea-level changes, suggesting it to be an adaptive trait. Our study highlights the role of recent geoclimatic events and environmental factors in the diversification of plants within the Indo-Malayan Realm and the need for collaborative work to understand biogeographic patterns within this understudied region. This study opens new perspectives for future biogeographic studies in this region and provides a framework to explain the taxonomic hyperdiversity of the Indo-Malayan Realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
| | - Aleena Xavier
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Piyakaset Suksathan
- Herbarium (QBG), Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Marlina Ardiyani
- Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences/Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Cibinong Science Center, Jl Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16912, Indonesia
| | - Jana Leong-Škorničková
- Research & Conservation Branch, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore
| | - Mark Newman
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany, MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
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Bombo AB, Appezzato-da-Glória B, Fidelis A. Fire exclusion changes belowground bud bank and bud-bearing organ composition jeopardizing open savanna resilience. Oecologia 2022; 199:153-164. [PMID: 35471620 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Belowground bud bank regeneration is a successful strategy for plants in fire-prone communities. It depends on the number and location of dormant and viable buds stored on belowground organs. A highly diverse belowground bud-bearing organ system maintained by a frequent interval of fire events guarantees the supply of a bud bank that enables plants to persist and resprout after disturbance. We investigated how different fire exclusion and fire frequencies, affected the herbaceous layer in tropical savannas, by assessing belowground persistence and regeneration traits. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that under a shorter fire exclusion period, the total bud bank increased at a lower fire frequency. But sites at longer fire exclusion and infrequent fire, the bud bank was smaller the longer the period since the last fire. However, the major shift was concerning organ diversity since fire exclusion was more related to loss of belowground diversity rather than decreasing of the belowground bud bank size. Furthermore, fire-associated bud-bearing structures like xylopodia disappeared in the fire suppressed areas, whereas clonal organs, such as rhizomes, developed in the bud bank. By quantifying belowground bud bank traits under different fire histories, we highlight the importance of the local fire regime on the composition of the belowground plant components, which can affect the tropical savanna aboveground plant community. Given that, loss of the belowground bud-bearing component of the plant community will have a direct effect on vegetation regeneration in post-fire environments, and consequently, on plant community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bertolosi Bombo
- Instituto de Biociências, Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1515 24-A Av, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Av, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Lab of Vegetation Ecology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1515 24-A Av, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
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Abstract
The principal drivers of Grassland Biome conversion and degradation in South Africa include agricultural intensification, plantation forestry, urban expansion and mining, together with invasive non-native plants and insidious rural sprawl. This biome is poorly conserved and in dire need of restoration, an ecologically centred practice gaining increasing traction given its wide application to people and biodiversity in this emerging culture of renewal. The pioneering proponent of restoration in South Africa is the mining industry, primarily to restore surface stability using vegetation cover. We noticed a historical progression from production-focussed non-native pastures to more diverse suites of native species and habitats in the restoration landscape. This paradigm shift towards the proactive “biodiversity approach” necessitates assisted natural regeneration, mainly through revegetation with grasses, using plugs, sods and/or seeds, together with long-lived perennial forbs. We discuss key management interventions such as ongoing control of invasive non-native plants, the merits of fire and grazing, and the deleterious impacts of fertilisers. We also highlight areas of research requiring further investigation. The “biodiversity approach” has limitations and is best suited to restoring ecological processes rather than attempting to match the original pristine state. We advocate conserving intact grassland ecosystems as the key strategy for protecting grassland biodiversity, including small patches with disproportionately high biodiversity conservation value.
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Choob V. Prophyll in Monocots: The Starting Point of Lateral Shoot Phyllotaxis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855146. [PMID: 35498710 PMCID: PMC9044502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In monocots, the prophyll (or flower bracteole) is the first leaf of the lateral shoot. Typically, the prophyll occurs in an adaxial position toward the main axis; it bears two teeth at its apex and often two keels on the dorsal side. Some authors have hypothesized that the prophyll appeared in evolution as a result of the fusion of two phyllomes. However, in different monocot taxa, prophyll morphology results from the mechanical pressure of the surrounding organs and it cannot be regarded as two fused leaves. In Commelinaceae, if the lateral shoot develops extravaginally (i.e., penetrates the sheath) and the prophyll is not under pressure, the apical teeth and keels are missing. If the lateral shoot starts development intravaginally and under moderate pressure, the prophyll exhibits keels and a bidentate shape. In the bulbs of Amaryllidaceae, which are under strong pressure, the teeth of the prophyll become more pronounced, and the prophyll is dissected into two distinct lobes. In some monocots, the evolutionary trend leads to complete prophyll reduction. Investigations of lateral shoot phyllotaxis have found that the positions of all the subsequent phyllomes of the lateral shoot are sensitive to the prophyll position; they become rearranged if the prophyll deviates from the standard adaxial location (e.g., becoming oblique or transversal). As a generalization in Amaryllidaceae, I have proposed the axiomatic "phantom" method for modeling the prophyll position and shoot branching in cases of complete prophyll reduction. Using the phantom method, I reinvestigated the structure of sympodial units in Philodendron (Araceae). Previous interpretation of the two-keeled cataphyll as a prophyll appeared to be erroneous. In a new interpretation of the sympodial unit, the prophyll and the subsequent leaf are reduced and the cataphyll is the third leaf in the leaf series. A comparative morphological study in Araceae has revealed that prophylls of vegetative shoots rarely elongate and resemble round scales with obscure boundaries with the main axis. This observation could explain prophyll reduction in Philodendron. As such, the positional control of phyllotaxis by the prophyll may be revealed even when the prophyll is completely reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Choob
- Botanical Garden, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Thakur D, Münzbergová Z. Rhizome trait scaling relationships are modulated by growth conditions and are linked to plant fitness. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:529-540. [PMID: 35180294 PMCID: PMC9007095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Rhizomes are important organs allowing many clonal plants to persist and reproduce under stressful climates with longer rhizomes, indicating enhanced ability of the plants to spread vegetatively. We do not, however, know either how rhizome construction costs change with increasing length or how they vary with environmental conditions. METHODS We analysed the rhizome length vs. mass scaling relationship, the plasticity in the scaling relationships, their genetic basis and how scaling relationships are linked to plant fitness. We used data from 275 genotypes of a clonal grass Festuca rubra originating from 11 localities and cultivated under four contrasting climates. Data were analysed using standard major axis regression, mixed-effect regression models and a structural equation model. KEY RESULTS Rhizome construction costs increased (i.e. lower specific rhizome length) with increasing length. The trait scaling relationships were modulated by cultivation climate, and its effects also interacted with the climate of origin of the experimental plants. With increasing length, increasing moisture led to a greater increase in rhizome construction costs. Plants with lower rhizome construction costs showed significantly higher fitness. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that rhizome scaling relationships are plastic, but also show genetic differentiation and are linked to plant fitness. Therefore, to persist under variable environments, modulation in scaling relationships could be an important plant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thakur
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Filartiga AL, Bitomský M, Martínková J, Klimešová J. Comparative root anatomy and root bud development after injury in two perennial herbs. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:440-449. [PMID: 35114056 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A bud bank is a pool of dormant meristems that enable plants to resprout after injury. While the bud bank on stem organs is established prior to injury as the stem grows, the bud bank on roots is considered at least partly formed as a response to disturbance events. To date, only woody species have been examined, and the establishment of reparative buds after injury without connection to the root vascular system has been confirmed; for herbs, no data are available. We tested whether root buds are formed spontaneously or induced after plant damage by studying root anatomy following plant injury in two congeneric perennial herbs. In a pot experiment with young plants of Inula britannica (root sprouter) and I. salicina (non-root sprouter), whole aboveground biomass was removed. Roots were sampled five times at 1-week intervals after disturbance events to evaluate bud occurrence and size, root and vessel diameters, sclerenchyma areas and carbohydrate storage. Compared to non-root-sprouting I. salicina, root-sprouting I. britannica presented more secondary thickening that was connected to adventitious bud formation and improved the root storage and transport capacity necessary for resprouting. Plant injury, in contrast to expectations, did not cause increased bud formation in I. britannica, and all buds were connected to the root vascular system. No root buds were observed in I. salicina. Our study implies that plants using bud banks on roots might depend on preformed buds. Comparative studies examining more species are needed to assess the generality of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Filartiga
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Bitomský
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Martínková
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Klimešová
- Department of Experimental and Functional Morphology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
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Broderick CM, Wilkins K, Smith MD, Blair JM. Climate legacies determine grassland responses to future rainfall regimes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2639-2656. [PMID: 35015919 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate variability and periodic droughts have complex effects on carbon (C) fluxes, with uncertain implications for ecosystem C balance under a changing climate. Responses to climate change can be modulated by persistent effects of climate history on plant communities, soil microbial activity, and nutrient cycling (i.e., legacies). To assess how legacies of past precipitation regimes influence tallgrass prairie C cycling under new precipitation regimes, we modified a long-term irrigation experiment that simulated a wetter climate for >25 years. We reversed irrigated and control (ambient precipitation) treatments in some plots and imposed an experimental drought in plots with a history of irrigation or ambient precipitation to assess how climate legacies affect aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), soil respiration, and selected soil C pools. Legacy effects of elevated precipitation (irrigation) included higher C fluxes and altered labile soil C pools, and in some cases altered sensitivity to new climate treatments. Indeed, decades of irrigation reduced the sensitivity of both ANPP and soil respiration to drought compared with controls. Positive legacy effects of irrigation on ANPP persisted for at least 3 years following treatment reversal, were apparent in both wet and dry years, and were associated with altered plant functional composition. In contrast, legacy effects on soil respiration were comparatively short-lived and did not manifest under natural or experimentally-imposed "wet years," suggesting that legacy effects on CO2 efflux are contingent on current conditions. Although total soil C remained similar across treatments, long-term irrigation increased labile soil C and the sensitivity of microbial biomass C to drought. Importantly, the magnitude of legacy effects for all response variables varied with topography, suggesting that landscape can modulate the strength and direction of climate legacies. Our results demonstrate the role of climate history as an important determinant of terrestrial C cycling responses to future climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Wilkins
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John M Blair
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Driving Climatic Factors at Critical Plant Developmental Stages for Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Alpine Grassland Productivity. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Determining the driving climatic factors at critical periods and potential legacy effects is crucial for grassland productivity predictions on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, studies with limited and ex situ ground samples from highly heterogeneous alpine meadows brought great uncertainties. This study determined the key climatic factors at critical plant developmental stages and the impact of previous plant growth status for interannual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) variations in different QTP grassland types. We hypothesize that the impact of climatic factors on grassland productivity varies in different periods and different vegetation types, while its legacy effects are not great. Pixel-based partial least squares regression was used to associate interannual ANPP with precipitation and air temperature at different developmental stages and prior-year ANPP from 2000 to 2019 using remote sensing techniques. Results indicated different findings from previous studies. Precipitation at the reproductive stage (July–August) was the most prominent controlling factor for ANPP which was also significantly affected by precipitation and temperature at the withering (September–October) and dormant stage (November–February), respectively. The influence of precipitation was more significant in alpine meadows than in alpine steppes, while the differentiated responses to climatic factors were attributed to differences in water consumption at different developmental stages induced by leaf area changes, bud sprouting, growth, and protection from frost damage. The prior-year ANPP showed a non-significant impact on ANPP of current year, except for alpine steppes, and this impact was much less than that of current-year climatic factors, which may be attributed to the reduced annual ANPP variations related to the inter-annual carbon circulation of alpine perennial herbaceous plants and diverse root/shoot ratios in different vegetation types. These findings can assist in improving the interannual ANPP predictions on the QTP under global climate change.
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Qian J, Guo Z, Muraina TO, Te N, Griffin-Nolan RJ, Song L, Xu C, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Luo W. Legacy effects of a multi-year extreme drought on belowground bud banks in rhizomatous vs bunchgrass-dominated grasslands. Oecologia 2022; 198:763-771. [PMID: 35230515 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Belowground bud banks play a crucial role in plant population regeneration, community dynamics, and functional responses of ecosystems to environmental change and disturbance. In mesic grasslands, belowground bud banks are largely resistant to short-term drought. However, the sensitivity of belowground bud banks to long-term extreme drought in semi-arid grasslands is less understood. We investigated the legacy effects of a four-year experimental drought (i.e., 66% reduction in growing season precipitation) on belowground bud density, aboveground shoot density, and the meristem limitation index (MLI; the ratio of bud to shoot density) in two semi-arid grasslands that differ in dominant grass species growth forms (i.e., rhizomatous vs. bunchgrasses). Measurements were made during the first recovery year following drought; thus, we report the legacy effects of drought on belowground bud banks. At the community level, drought reduced belowground bud density and aboveground shoot density with no change in MLI. However, drought had no significant influences on belowground buds, aboveground shoots and MLI of the dominant plant growth form in each community. The legacy effects of drought were largely dependent on plant community type and growth form. Specifically, bunchgrasses and bunchgrass-dominated communities were characterized by greater meristem limitation than rhizomatous grasses, likely due to their cluster/phalanx clonal growth. Overall, our study suggests bud banks may indeed be sensitive to long-term drought, although this depends on plant growth forms and community characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Qian
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ziyue Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Taofeek O Muraina
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, P.M.B. 10, Igbo-Ora, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Niwu Te
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Lin Song
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chong Xu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Wentao Luo
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Thomsen AM, Ooi MKJ. Shifting season of fire and its interaction with fire severity: Impacts on reproductive effort in resprouting plants. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8717. [PMID: 35342578 PMCID: PMC8931712 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire regimes shape plant communities but are shifting with changing climate. More frequent fires of increasing intensity are burning across a broader range of seasons. Despite this, impacts that changes in fire season have on plant populations, or how they interact with other fire regime elements, are still relatively understudied. We asked (a) how does the season of fire affect plant vigor, including vegetative growth and flowering after a fire event, and (b) do different functional resprouting groups respond differently to the effects of season of fire? We sampled a total of 887 plants across 36 sites using a space-for-time design to assess resprouting vigor and reproductive output for five plant species. Sites represented either a spring or autumn burn, aged one to three years old. Season of fire had the clearest impacts on flowering in Lambertia formosa with a 152% increase in the number of plants flowering and a 45% increase in number of flowers per plant after autumn compared with spring fires. There were also season × severity interactions for total flowers produced for Leptospermum polygalifolium and L. trinervium with both species producing greater flowering in autumn, but only after lower severity fires. Severity of fire was a more important driver in vegetative growth than fire season. Season of fire impacts have previously been seen as synonymous with the effects of fire severity; however, we found that fire season and severity can have clear and independent, as well as interacting, impacts on post-fire vegetative growth and reproductive response of resprouting species. Overall, we observed that there were positive effects of autumn fires on reproductive traits, while vegetative growth was positively related to fire severity and pre-fire plant size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Thomsen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesCentre for Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark K. J. Ooi
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesCentre for Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research HubSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Belowground mechanism reveals climate change impacts on invasive clonal plant establishment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2860. [PMID: 35190658 PMCID: PMC8861118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and disturbance can alter invasion success of clonal plants by differentially affecting the clonal traits influencing their establishment as young plants. Clonal traits related to the vegetative reproduction of native Pascopyrum smithii and non-native Bromus inermis grass seedlings were evaluated under altered precipitation frequencies and a single grazing event. Pascopyrum smithii maintained similar vegetative reproduction under three simulated precipitation frequencies whereas B. inermis vegetative reproduction declined as precipitation became more intermittent. Vegetative reproduction of the non-native B. inermis was greater than the native P. smithii under all simulated precipitation frequencies except the most intermittent scenario. A single grazing event did not affect either species’ response to intra-annual precipitation variability but did slightly reduce their clonal growth and increase their bud dormancy. In young plants, clonal traits of the invasive grass favored its superior expansion and population growth compared to the native grass except under the most severe climate change scenario. Grassland restoration using native P. smithii seeds would be successful in most years due to its resilient clonal growth in a changing climate. Clonal infrastructure development in young plants is critical to clonal plant establishment and persistence in a changing climate and under disturbed conditions.
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46
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Li Z, Lathe RS, Li J, He H, Bhalerao RP. Towards understanding the biological foundations of perenniality. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:56-68. [PMID: 34561180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perennial life cycles enable plants to have remarkably long lifespans, as exemplified by trees that can live for thousands of years. For this, they require sophisticated regulatory networks that sense environmental changes and initiate adaptive responses in their growth patterns. Recent research has gradually elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying the perennial life cycle. Intriguingly, several conserved components of the floral transition pathway in annuals such as Arabidopsis thaliana also participate in these regulatory mechanisms underpinning perenniality. Here, we provide an overview of perennials' physiological features and summarise their recently discovered molecular foundations. We also highlight the importance of deepening our understanding of perenniality in the development of perennial grain crops, which are promising elements of future sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China.
| | - Rahul S Lathe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilisation of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Centre for Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology of Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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47
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Eisen KE, Siegmund G, Watson MA, Geber MA. Variation in the location and timing of experimental severing demonstrates that the persistent rhizome serves multiple functions in a clonal forest understorey herb. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Eisen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | | | - Maxine A. Watson
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IN USA
| | - Monica A. Geber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IN USA
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska‐Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon‐Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:973-1122. [PMID: 34608637 PMCID: PMC8518129 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T. Freschet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSHCentre PACA, site AgroparcINRAE84914Avignon cedex 9France
| | - Colleen M. Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Louise H. Comas
- USDA‐ARS Water Management Research Unit2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320Fort CollinsCO80526USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1190Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of Botany CASDukelska 13537901TrebonCzech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesParkowa 562‐035KórnikPoland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG‐2)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHD‐52425JülichGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | | | - Thomas S. Adams
- Department of Plant SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska‐Zadworna
- Department of General BotanyInstitute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 661-614PoznańPoland
| | - A. Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, Dundee,DD2 5DAUK
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundee,DD1 4HNUK
| | | | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Johannes H. C. Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological ScienceFaculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 1085Amsterdam1081 HVthe Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstr. 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich8092ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Ina C. Meier
- Functional Forest EcologyUniversity of HamburgHaidkrugsweg 122885BarsbütelGermany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesWageningen University and ResearchPO Box 476700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleCNRS2 route du CNRS09200MoulisFrance
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University935 Ramsey Lake RoadSudburyONP3E 2C6Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology DepartmentInstitute of Environmental SciencesCMLLeiden UniversityLeiden2300 RAthe Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAEAMAPCIRAD, IRDCNRSUniversity of MontpellierMontpellier34000France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical BotanyDepartment of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL33199USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFEUniv Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityJohannisallee 21-23Leipzig04103Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia140 E. Green StreetAthensGA30602USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy InnovationOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Sarah A. Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for ClimateUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem StudiesMillbrookNY12545USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of BotanyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Goiás1974690-900Goiânia, GoiásBrazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley (Perth)WA 6009Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawley (Perth)WAAustralia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - M. Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree ScienceMorton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53LisleIL60532USA
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Freschet GT, Pagès L, Iversen CM, Comas LH, Rewald B, Roumet C, Klimešová J, Zadworny M, Poorter H, Postma JA, Adams TS, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bengough AG, Blancaflor EB, Brunner I, Cornelissen JHC, Garnier E, Gessler A, Hobbie SE, Meier IC, Mommer L, Picon-Cochard C, Rose L, Ryser P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Soudzilovskaia NA, Stokes A, Sun T, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Weemstra M, Weigelt A, Wurzburger N, York LM, Batterman SA, Gomes de Moraes M, Janeček Š, Lambers H, Salmon V, Tharayil N, McCormack ML. A starting guide to root ecology: strengthening ecological concepts and standardising root classification, sampling, processing and trait measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021. [PMID: 34608637 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17572.hal-03379708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a recent massive increase in research on plant root functions and their impact on the environment, root ecologists currently face many important challenges to keep on generating cutting-edge, meaningful and integrated knowledge. Consideration of the below-ground components in plant and ecosystem studies has been consistently called for in recent decades, but methodology is disparate and sometimes inappropriate. This handbook, based on the collective effort of a large team of experts, will improve trait comparisons across studies and integration of information across databases by providing standardised methods and controlled vocabularies. It is meant to be used not only as starting point by students and scientists who desire working on below-ground ecosystems, but also by experts for consolidating and broadening their views on multiple aspects of root ecology. Beyond the classical compilation of measurement protocols, we have synthesised recommendations from the literature to provide key background knowledge useful for: (1) defining below-ground plant entities and giving keys for their meaningful dissection, classification and naming beyond the classical fine-root vs coarse-root approach; (2) considering the specificity of root research to produce sound laboratory and field data; (3) describing typical, but overlooked steps for studying roots (e.g. root handling, cleaning and storage); and (4) gathering metadata necessary for the interpretation of results and their reuse. Most importantly, all root traits have been introduced with some degree of ecological context that will be a foundation for understanding their ecological meaning, their typical use and uncertainties, and some methodological and conceptual perspectives for future research. Considering all of this, we urge readers not to solely extract protocol recommendations for trait measurements from this work, but to take a moment to read and reflect on the extensive information contained in this broader guide to root ecology, including sections I-VII and the many introductions to each section and root trait description. Finally, it is critical to understand that a major aim of this guide is to help break down barriers between the many subdisciplines of root ecology and ecophysiology, broaden researchers' views on the multiple aspects of root study and create favourable conditions for the inception of comprehensive experiments on the role of roots in plant and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire T Freschet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Loïc Pagès
- UR 1115 PSH, Centre PACA, site Agroparc, INRAE, 84914, Avignon cedex 9, France
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Louise H Comas
- USDA-ARS Water Management Research Unit, 2150 Centre Avenue, Bldg D, Suite 320, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Catherine Roumet
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional Ecology, Institute of Botany CAS, Dukelska 135, 37901, Trebon, Czech Republic
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Johannes A Postma
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas S Adams
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Glyn Bengough
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee,, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee,, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Garnier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, University of Hamburg, Haidkrugsweg 1, 22885, Barsbütel, Germany
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Ryser
- Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | | | - Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia
- Environmental Biology Department, Institute of Environmental Sciences, CML, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Alexia Stokes
- INRAE, AMAP, CIRAD, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Monique Weemstra
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, 140 E. Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Larry M York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sarah A Batterman
- School of Geography and Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Moemy Gomes de Moraes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, 19, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Štěpán Janeček
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley (Perth), WA, Australia
| | - Verity Salmon
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
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Chiminazzo MA, Bombo AB, Charles‐Dominique T, Fidelis A. Your best buds are worth protecting: Variation in bud protection in a fire‐prone cerrado system. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Chiminazzo
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Aline Bertolosi Bombo
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Lab of Vegetation Ecology Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
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