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Tavares LS, Oliveira-Silva RL, Moura MT, da Silva JB, Benko-Iseppon AM, Lima-Filho JV. Reference genes for gene expression profiling in mouse models of Listeria monocytogenes infection. Biotechniques 2024; 76:104-113. [PMID: 38112054 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RT-qPCR dissects transcription-based processes but requires reference genes (RGs) for data normalization. This study prospected RGs for mouse macrophages (pMØ) and spleen infected with Listeria monocytogenes. The pMØ were infected in vitro with L. monocytogenes or vehicle for 4 h. Mice were injected with L. monocytogenes (or vehicle) and euthanized 24 h post-injection. The RGs came from a multispecies primer set, from the literature or designed here. The RG ranking relied on GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta-CT and RefFinder. B2m-H3f3a-Ppia were the most stable RGs for pMØ, albeit RG indexes fine-tuned estimations of cytokine relative expression. Actβ-Ubc-Ppia were the best RGs for spleen but modestly impacted the cytokine relative expression. Hence, mouse models of L. monocytogenes require context-specific RGs for RT-qPCR, thus reinforcing its paramount contribution to accurate gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Tigre Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Campus I, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | | | | | - José Vitor Lima-Filho
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Myers Chen KV, de Groot AE, Mendez SA, Mallin MM, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Targeting MerTK decreases efferocytosis and increases anti-tumor immune infiltrate in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:284. [PMID: 37644281 PMCID: PMC10465384 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The prostate cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many cell types that can contribute to and influence tumor progression. Some of the most abundant prostate cancer TME cells are macrophages, which can be modeled on a continuous spectrum of M1-like (anti-tumor macrophages) to M2-like (pro-tumor macrophages). A function of M2-like macrophages is efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Based on literature from other models and contexts, efferocytosis further supports the M2-like macrophage phenotype. MerTK is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates efferocytosis by binding phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. We hypothesize efferocytosis in the prostate cancer TME is a tumor-promoting function of macrophages and that targeting MerTK-mediated efferocytosis will slow prostate cancer growth and promote an anti-tumor immune infiltrate. The aims of this study are to measure efferocytosis of prostate cancer cells by in vitro human M1/M2 macrophage models and assess changes in the M2-like, pro-tumor macrophage phenotype following prostate cancer efferocytosis. Additionally, this study aims to demonstrate that targeting MerTK decreases prostate cancer efferocytosis and promotes an anti-tumor immune infiltrate. We have developed methodology using flow cytometry to quantify efferocytosis of human prostate cancer cells using the LNCaP cell line. We observed that M2 macrophages efferocytose the LNCaP cell line more than M1 macrophages. Following efferocytosis of LNCaP cells by M2 human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs), we observed an increase in the M2-like, pro-tumor phenotype by flow cytometry cell surface marker analysis. By qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot, we detected greater MerTK expression in M2 than M1 macrophages. Targeting MerTK with antibody Mer590 decreased LNCaP efferocytosis by M2 HMDMs, establishing the role of MerTK in prostate cancer efferocytosis. In the prostate cancer mouse model hi-myc, Mertk KO increased anti-tumor immune infiltrate including CD8 T cells. These findings support targeting MerTK-mediated efferocytosis as a novel therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla V Myers Chen
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amber E de Groot
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina A Mendez
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mikaela M Mallin
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg Building Room 113, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kumawat M, Madhyastha H, Umapathi A, Singh M, Revaprasadu N, Daima HK. Surface Engineered Peroxidase-Mimicking Gold Nanoparticles to Subside Cell Inflammation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1877-1887. [PMID: 35099982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The smart design of nanoparticles with varying surfaces may open a new avenue for potential biomedical applications. Consequently, several approaches have been established for controlled synthesis to develop the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. However, many of the synthesis and functionalization methods are chemical-based and might be toxic to limit the full potential of nanoparticles. Here, curcumin (a plant-derived material) based synthesis of gold (Au) nanoparticles, followed by the development of a suitable exterior corona using isoniazid (INH, antibiotic), tyrosine (Tyr, amino acid), and quercetin (Qrc, antioxidant), is reported. All these nanoparticles (Cur-Au, Cur-AuINH, Cur-AuTyr, and Cur-AuQrc) possess inherent peroxidase-mimicking natures depending on the surface corona of respective nanoparticles, and they are found to be excellent candidates for free radical scavenging action. The peroxidase-mimicking nanoparticle interactions with red blood cells and mouse macrophages confirmed their hemo- and biocompatible nature. Moreover, these surface-engineered Au nanoparticles were found to be suitable in subsiding key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The inherent peroxidase-mimicking behavior and anti-inflammatory potential without any significant toxicity of these nanoparticles may open new prospects for nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumawat
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 8891692, Japan
| | - Akhela Umapathi
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Neerish Revaprasadu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Hemant Kumar Daima
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine (ACNN), Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
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Gaiser AK, Bauer S, Ruez S, Holzmann K, Fändrich M, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Serum Amyloid A1 Induces Classically Activated Macrophages: A Role for Enhanced Fibril Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691155. [PMID: 34276683 PMCID: PMC8278318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis belongs to the group of amyloid diseases which can follow chronic inflammatory conditions of various origin. The disease is characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils formed by serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) leading eventually to organ failure. Macrophages are intimately involved in the fibrillogenesis as well as in the clearance of amyloid fibrils. In vivo, macrophages may occur as classically (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. We investigate here how SAA1 might affect the macrophage phenotype and function. Gene microarray analysis revealed upregulation of 64 M1-associated genes by SAA1. M1-like polarization was further confirmed by the expression of the M1-marker MARCO, activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, and secretion of the M1-cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Additionally, we demonstrate here that M1-polarized macrophages exhibit enhanced fibrillogenic activity towards SAA1. Based on our data, we propose reconsideration of the currently used cellular amyloidosis models towards an in vitro model employing M1-polarized macrophages. Furthermore, the data suggest macrophage repolarization as potential intervention strategy in AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Gaiser
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shanna Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruez
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
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Fissel JA, Farah MH. Macrophage-specific deletion of BACE1 does not enhance macrophage recruitment to the injured peripheral nerve. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577423. [PMID: 33074142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, macrophages are recruited to the injury site from circulation to clear cellular debris. Injured β-secretase 1 (BACE1) knockout mice have enhanced macrophage recruitment and debris clearance, which may be due to BACE1 activity in macrophages or the hypomyelination observed in BACE1 knockout mice. To assess if BACE1 expression by macrophages mediates enhanced macrophage recruitment we utilized mice with macrophage specific deletion of BACE1 and saw no increase in macrophage recruitment following injury. This study suggests that expression of BACE1 by macrophages may not be essential for increased recruitment observed previously in global BACE1 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Fissel
- Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed H Farah
- Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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