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Migliorini F, Cocconi F, Schäfer L, Simeone F, Jeyaraman M, Maffulli N. Pharmacological management of secondary chronic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2024:ldae009. [PMID: 39222962 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) may bring lifelong consequences for affected patients and a high financial burden to the health care system. SOURCE OF DATA Published peer-reviewed scientific articles identified from EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Surgery and blood pressure management are the main targets in acute SCI to avoid secondary damage. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The management of secondary chronic SCI is challenging, with unpredictable outcomes. GROWING POINTS Given the lack of consensus on pharmacological therapy for acute and secondary chronic SCI, the present study analyses the currently available drugs and treatment options to manage secondary chronic SCI. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Different approaches exist for the pharmacological management of secondary chronic SCI. One of the most investigated drugs, 4-aminopyridine, improves central motor conduction and shows improvement in neurological signs. Positive results in different areas have been observed in patients receiving the anti-spastic drugs tizanidine and baclofen or Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Growth hormone showed only minimal or no significant effects, and the therapy of secondary chronic SCI with riluzole has been poorly researched to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di S. Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), via Lorenz Boelher 7, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Federico Cocconi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), via Lorenz Boelher 7, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luise Schäfer
- Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di S. Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Simeone
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Academic Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), via Lorenz Boelher 7, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Poonamallee High Rd, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Hornbeam Building, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, E1 4DG London, UK
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Zeller SL, Stein A, Frid I, Carpenter AB, Soldozy S, Rawanduzy C, Rosenberg J, Bauerschmidt A, Al-Mufti F, Mayer SA, Kinon MD, Wainwright JV. Critical Care of Spinal Cord Injury. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:355-363. [PMID: 39008022 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, posing a significant financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. While little can be done to reverse the primary mechanical insult, minimizing secondary injury due to ischemia and inflammation and avoiding complications that adversely affect neurologic outcome represent major goals of management. This article reviews important considerations in the acute critical care management of SCI to improve outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Neuroprotective agents, such as riluzole, may allow for improved neurologic recovery but require further investigation at this time. Various forms of neuromodulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, are currently under investigation. Early decompression and stabilization of SCI is recommended within 24 h of injury when indicated. Spinal cord perfusion may be optimized with a mean arterial pressure goal from a lower limit of 75-80 to an upper limit of 90-95 mmHg for 3-7 days after injury. The use of corticosteroids remains controversial; however, initiation of a 24-h infusion of methylprednisolone 5.4 mg/kg/hour within 8 h of injury has been found to improve motor scores. Attentive pulmonary and urologic care along with early mobilization can reduce in-hospital complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Ilya Frid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Austin B Carpenter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sauson Soldozy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Cameron Rawanduzy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jon Rosenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Bauerschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Stephan A Mayer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Merritt D Kinon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Medical College, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - John V Wainwright
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York Medical College, 100 Woods Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Lancaster MA. Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids: A brief history of curiosity-led discoveries. Bioessays 2024:e2400105. [PMID: 39101295 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are quickly becoming an accepted model for understanding human biology and disease. Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) provide a starting point for many organs and enable modeling of the embryonic development and maturation of such organs. The foundation of PSC-derived organoids can be found in elegant developmental studies demonstrating the remarkable ability of immature cells to undergo histogenesis even when taken out of the embryo context. PSC-organoids are an evolution of earlier methods such as embryoid bodies, taken to a new level with finer control and in some cases going beyond tissue histogenesis to organ-like morphogenesis. But many of the discoveries that led to organoids were not necessarily planned, but rather the result of inquisitive minds with freedom to explore. Protecting such curiosity-led research through flexible funding will be important going forward if we are to see further ground-breaking discoveries.
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Chu SC, Hsieh CJ, Li CC, Yang SH, Li SC, Kao WY, Li DK, Wu YF, Kao RH, Yang KL, Wang TF. Long-term follow-up of cancer and catastrophic diseases in hematopoietic stem cell donors: a comprehensive matched cohort study. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:849-857. [PMID: 38454131 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, using either bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC), is a well-established therapy for various hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. However, the long-term health outcomes after HSC donation remain a major concern for several potential donors. Thus, we aimed to conduct a matched cohort study of 5003 unrelated donors (1099 BM and 3904 PBSC) and randomly selected 50,030 matched controls based on age, sex, and resident area from the donor registry between 1998 and 2018. The medical insurance claims of all the participants were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health and Welfare Data Science Center after de-identification. Our findings revealed no differences in the incidence of cancer, death, and catastrophic diseases between HSC donors and matched healthy participants during long-term follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves depicting the cumulative incidence of cancer and overall mortality throughout the follow-up period also demonstrated similar outcomes between donors and non-donors. In conclusion, our results indicate that HSC donation, whether through BM or PBSC, is safe and not associated with an increased risk of cancer, death, or catastrophic diseases. These findings provide valuable information for counseling potential HSC donors and for long-term management of HSC donor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Buddhist Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsien Yang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Buddhist Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chin Li
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dalin Tzu-Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Yau Kao
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dian-Kun Li
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Ho Kao
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Yang
- Buddhist Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
- Buddhist Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Song Q, Cui Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang L. Crosstalk Between Cell Death and Spinal Cord Injury: Neurology and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3. [PMID: 38713439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to neurological dysfunction, and neuronal cell death is one of the main causes of neurological dysfunction. After SCI, in addition to necrosis, programmed cell death (PCD) occurs in nerve cells. At first, studies recognized only necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In recent years, researchers have identified new forms of PCD, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Related studies have confirmed that all of these cell death modes are involved in various phases of SCI and affect the direction of the disease through different mechanisms and pathways. Furthermore, regulating neuronal cell death after SCI through various means has been proven to be beneficial for the recovery of neural function. In recent years, emerging therapies for SCI have also provided new potential methods to restore neural function. Thus, the relationship between SCI and cell death plays an important role in the occurrence and development of SCI. This review summarizes and generalizes the relevant research results on neuronal necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis after SCI to provide a new understanding of neuronal cell death after SCI and to aid in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Song
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yashi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110134, Liaoning, China.
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Adegeest C, Moayeri N, Muijs S, ter Wengel P. Spinal cord injury: Current trends in acute management. BRAIN & SPINE 2024; 4:102803. [PMID: 38618228 PMCID: PMC11010802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2024.102803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a profoundly debilitating condition necessitating prompt intervention. However, the optimal acute treatment strategy remains a subject of debate. Research question The aim of this overview is to elucidate prevailing trends in the acute tSCI management. Material and Methods We provided an overview using peer-reviewed studies. Results Early surgical treatment (<24h after trauma) appears beneficial compared to delayed surgery. Nonetheless, there is insufficient evidence supporting a positive influence of ultra-early surgery on neurological outcome in tSCI. Furthermore, the optimal surgical approach to decompress the spinal cord remains unclear. These uncertainties extend to a growing aging population suffering from central cord syndrome (CCS). Additionally, there is a paucity of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of strict hemodynamic management. Discussion and Conclusion This overview highlights the current literature on surgical timing, surgical techniques and hemodynamic management during the acute phase of tSCI. It also delves into considerations specific to the elderly population experiencing CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.Y. Adegeest
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N. Moayeri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S.P.J. Muijs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P.V. ter Wengel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, the Netherlands
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7
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Xia Y, Ding L, Zhang C, Xu Q, Shi M, Gao T, Zhou FQ, Deng DYB. Inflammatory Factor IL1α Induces Aberrant Astrocyte Proliferation in Spinal Cord Injury Through the Grin2c/Ca 2+/CaMK2b Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:421-438. [PMID: 37864744 PMCID: PMC11003951 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating traumas, and the aberrant proliferation of astrocytes usually causes neurological deficits. However, the mechanism underlying astrocyte over-proliferation after SCI is unclear. Grin2c (glutamate ionotropic receptor type 2c) plays an essential role in cell proliferation. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that Grin2c and Ca2+ transport functions were inhibited in astrocytes after SCI. Suppression of Grin2c stimulated astrocyte proliferation by inhibiting the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2b (CaMK2b) pathway in vitro. By screening different inflammatory factors, interleukin 1α (IL1α) was further found to inhibit Grin2c/Ca2+/CaMK2b and enhance astrocyte proliferation in an oxidative damage model. Blockade of IL1α using neutralizing antibody resulted in increased Grin2c expression and the inhibition of astrocyte proliferation post-SCI. Overall, this study suggests that IL1α promotes astrocyte proliferation by suppressing the Grin2c/Ca2+/CaMK2b pathway after SCI, revealing a novel pathological mechanism of astrocyte proliferation, and may provide potential targets for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Pelvic Floor Disorders Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tianshun Gao
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Feng-Quan Zhou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - David Y B Deng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Orthopaedic and Neurological Repair Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Tian T, Zhang S, Yang M. Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Protein Cell 2023; 14:635-652. [PMID: 36856750 PMCID: PMC10501188 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between the higher center and the spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology of SCI is complicated and multifaceted, and thus individual treatments acting on a specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects of SCI pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than individual therapy alone. Although many problems and challenges remain, the encouraging outcomes that have been achieved in preclinical models offer a promising foothold for the development of novel clinical strategies to treat SCI. In this review, we characterize the mechanisms underlying axon regeneration of adult neurons and summarize recent advances in facilitating functional recovery following SCI at both the acute and chronic stages. In addition, we analyze the current status, remaining problems, and realistic challenges towards clinical translation. Finally, we consider the future of SCI treatment and provide insights into how to narrow the translational gap that currently exists between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Going forward, clinical trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation to identify optimal combinatorial approaches to maximize therapeutic benefit in humans with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sensen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Maojun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Cunha NSC, Malvea A, Sadat S, Ibrahim GM, Fehlings MG. Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury: A Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1456. [PMID: 37761417 PMCID: PMC10530251 DOI: 10.3390/children10091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be a devastating condition in children, with profound implications for their overall health and quality of life. In this review, we aim to provide a concise overview of the key aspects associated with SCIs in the pediatric population. Firstly, we discuss the etiology and epidemiology of SCIs in children, highlighting the diverse range of causes. We explore the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of the developing spinal cord that contribute to the specific challenges faced by pediatric patients. Next, we delve into the clinical presentation and diagnostic methods, emphasizing the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis to facilitate appropriate interventions. Furthermore, we approach the multidisciplinary management of pediatric SCIs, encompassing acute medical care, surgical interventions, and ongoing supportive therapies. Finally, we explore emerging research as well as innovative therapies in the field, and we emphasize the need for continued advancements in understanding and treating SCIs in children to improve their functional independence and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anahita Malvea
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - Sarah Sadat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
| | - George M. Ibrahim
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1E8, Canada;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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10
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Cai M, Chen L, Wang T, Liang Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Li Z, Wu H. Hydrogel scaffolds in the treatment of spinal cord injury: a review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1211066. [PMID: 37325033 PMCID: PMC10266534 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1211066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease of the central nervous system often caused by accidents, and its prognosis is unsatisfactory, with long-term adverse effects on patients' lives. The key to its treatment lies in the improvement of the microenvironment at the injury and the reconstruction of axons, and tissue repair is a promising therapeutic strategy. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional mesh structure with high water content, which has the advantages of biocompatibility, degradability, and adjustability, and can be used to fill pathological defects by injectable flowing hydrophilic material in situ to accurately adapt to the size and shape of the injury. Hydrogels mimic the natural extracellular matrix for cell colonization, guide axon extension, and act as a biological scaffold, which can be used as an excellent carrier to participate in the treatment of SCI. The addition of different materials to make composite hydrogel scaffolds can further enhance their performance in all aspects. In this paper, we introduce several typical composite hydrogels and review the research progress of hydrogel for SCI to provide a reference for the clinical application of hydrogel therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Cai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, China
| | - Liji Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, China
| | - Yinru Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongfu Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Seblani M, Decherchi P, Brezun JM. Edema after CNS Trauma: A Focus on Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087159. [PMID: 37108324 PMCID: PMC10138956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Edema after spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the first observations after the primary injury and lasts for few days after trauma. It has serious consequences on the affected tissue and can aggravate the initial devastating condition. To date, the mechanisms of the water content increase after SCI are not fully understood. Edema formation results in a combination of interdependent factors related to mechanical damage after the initial trauma progressing, along with the subacute and acute phases of the secondary lesion. These factors include mechanical disruption and subsequent inflammatory permeabilization of the blood spinal cord barrier, increase in the capillary permeability, deregulation in the hydrostatic pressure, electrolyte-imbalanced membranes and water uptake in the cells. Previous research has attempted to characterize edema formation by focusing mainly on brain swelling. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the differences in edema formation in the spinal cord and brain, and to highlight the importance of elucidating the specific mechanisms of edema formation after SCI. Additionally, it outlines findings on the spatiotemporal evolution of edema after spinal cord lesion and provides a general overview of prospective treatment strategies by focusing on insights to prevent edema formation after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, CEDEX 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, CEDEX 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, CEDEX 09, France
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12
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Guan B, Fan Y, Zheng R, Fu R, Yao L, Wang W, Li G, Chen L, Zhou H, Feng S. A critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines on pharmacological treatments for spinal cord injury. Spine J 2023; 23:392-402. [PMID: 36182069 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Spinal cord injury brings devastating consequences and huge economic burden. Different authoritative organizations have developed different guidelines for pharmacological treatments of spinal cord injury, but there is a lack of a critical appraisal of them. PURPOSE To systematically review and appraise guidelines regarding their recommendations for pharmacological treatments for spinal cord injury. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science from January 2000 to January 2022 as well as guideline-specific databases (eg, Congress of Neurological Surgeons) and Google Scholar. We included the most updated guideline containing evidence-based recommendations or consensus-based recommendations developed by specific authoritative organizations if multiple versions were available. We appraised guidelines through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation, 2nd edition instrument consisting of six domains (eg, applicability). With supporting evidence, recommendations were classified as: for, against, neither for nor against. We utilized an evidence assessment system to categorize the quality of supporting evidence as poor, fair, or good. RESULTS Eight guidelines developed from 2008 to 2020 were included, but all of them scored lowest in the domain of applicability among all six domains. Twelve pharmacological agents (eg, methylprednisolone) were studied. For methylprednisolone, three guidelines (3/8=37.5%) recommended for (one evidence-based and two consensus-based), three (3/8=37.5%) recommended against (all evidence-based), and two (2/8=25%) recommended neither for nor against. For monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM-1), one guideline (1/4=25%) recommended for (consensus-based), one (1/4=25%) recommended against (evidence-based), and two (2/4=50%) recommended neither for nor against. For other agents (eg, minocycline), most guidelines (3/5=60%) recommended neither for nor against, one (1/5=20%) recommended against naloxone (evidence-based) and nimodipine (evidence-based), and one (1/5=20%) recommended for neural growth factor (consensus-based). The quality of most of the supporting evidence was poor, and the rest was fair. CONCLUSIONS There were inconsistencies among recommendations for methylprednisolone and GM-1. Evidence-based recommendations tended to recommend against, whereas consensus-based recommendations tended to recommend for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Runhan Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Back Pain Research Team, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.
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13
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Kim HN, McCrea MR, Li S. Advances in molecular therapies for targeting pathophysiology in spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:171-187. [PMID: 37017093 PMCID: PMC10148912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2194532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 25,000-50,000 people around the world each year and there is no cure for SCI patients currently. The primary injury damages spinal cord tissues and secondary injury mechanisms, including ischemia, apoptosis, inflammation, and astrogliosis, further exacerbate the lesions to the spinal cord. Recently, researchers have designed various therapeutic approaches for SCI by targeting its major cellular or molecular pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED Some strategies have shown promise in repairing injured spinal cord for functional recoveries, such as administering neuroprotective reagents, targeting specific genes to promote robust axon regeneration of disconnected spinal fiber tracts, targeting epigenetic factors to enhance cell survival and neural repair, and facilitating neuronal relay pathways and neuroplasticity for restoration of function after SCI. This review focuses on the major advances in preclinical molecular therapies for SCI reported in recent years. EXPERT OPINION Recent progress in developing novel and effective repairing strategies for SCI is encouraging, but many challenges remain for future design of effective treatments, including developing highly effective neuroprotectants for early interventions, stimulating robust neuronal regeneration with functional synaptic reconnections among disconnected neurons, maximizing the recovery of lost neural functions with combination strategies, and translating the most promising therapies into human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neui Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Madeline R. McCrea
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, Prasse T, Seidlits SK. Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3824. [PMID: 36835233 PMCID: PMC9960771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes loss of sensory and motor function resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life for patients. Currently, no therapies are available that can repair spinal cord tissue. After the primary SCI, an acute inflammatory response induces further tissue damage in a process known as secondary injury. Targeting secondary injury to prevent additional tissue damage during the acute and subacute phases of SCI represents a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics expected to mitigate secondary injury, focusing primarily on those in the last decade. The strategies discussed are broadly categorized as acute-phase procedural/surgical interventions, systemically delivered pharmacological agents, and cell-based therapies. In addition, we summarize the potential for combinatorial therapies and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohib Ezubeik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Duquette
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tobias Prasse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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15
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Sakashita K, Koda M, Takahashi H, Funayama T, Yamazaki M. Acute Neurological Aggravation Caused by Intratumoral Hemorrhage of a Cervical Dumbbell Schwannoma: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e34682. [PMID: 36909029 PMCID: PMC9994380 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwannomas are one of the most common types of primary intraspinal tumors. We report a rare case of neurological aggravation due to the intratumoral hemorrhage of a cervical schwannoma. A 65-year-old man presented with lower extremity weakness developing gradually. Tumor resection was performed one week after neurological aggravation occurred. After surgery, he recovered dramatically. There are vascular and mechanical hypotheses for the etiology of intratumoral hemorrhage of schwannoma. In the present case, falling and antiplatelet drugs may have caused the intratumoral hemorrhage. Optimal surgical timing remains controversial. Some reports reveal patients recovered well after urgent surgery. However, even if urgent surgery is performed, some have neurological sequelae. Others reveal patients recovered well after elective surgery without any sequelae. Because previous reports reveal the surgical procedure may damage the spinal cord, urgent surgery may not be compulsory and elective surgery may be a better treatment option. Further investigation is needed to clarify the etiology and optimal timing for surgical treatment of intratumoral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sakashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Toru Funayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
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16
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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17
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Jin Y, Song Y, Lin J, Liu T, Li G, Lai B, Gu Y, Chen G, Xing L. Role of inflammation in neurological damage and regeneration following spinal cord injury and its therapeutic implications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac054. [PMID: 36873284 PMCID: PMC9976751 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an incurable trauma that frequently results in partial or complete loss of motor and sensory function. Massive neurons are damaged after the initial mechanical insult. Secondary injuries, which are triggered by immunological and inflammatory responses, also result in neuronal loss and axon retraction. This results in defects in the neural circuit and a deficiency in the processing of information. Although inflammatory responses are necessary for spinal cord recovery, conflicting evidence of their contributions to specific biological processes have made it difficult to define the specific role of inflammation in SCI. This review summarizes our understanding of the complex role of inflammation in neural circuit events following SCI, such as cell death, axon regeneration and neural remodeling. We also review the drugs that regulate immune responses and inflammation in the treatment of SCI and discuss the roles of these drugs in the modulation of neural circuits. Finally, we provide evidence about the critical role of inflammation in facilitating spinal cord neural circuit regeneration in zebrafish, an animal model with robust regenerative capacity, to provide insights into the regeneration of the mammalian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yixing Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Jiaqi Lin
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Guicai Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Biqin Lai
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Lingyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products,Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
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18
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Hou J, Bi H, Ge Q, Teng H, Wan G, Yu B, Jiang Q, Gu X. Heterogeneity analysis of astrocytes following spinal cord injury at single-cell resolution. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22442. [PMID: 35816276 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play many important functions in response to spinal cord injury (SCI) in an activated manner, including clearance of necrotic tissue, formation of protective barrier, maintenance of microenvironment balance, interaction with immune cells, and formation of the glial scar. More and more studies have shown that the astrocytes are heterogeneous, such as inflammatory astrocyte 1 (A1) and neuroprotective astrocyte 2 (A2) types. However, the subtypes of astrocyte resulting from SCI have not been clearly defined. In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we constructed the transcriptomic profile of astrocytes from uninjured spinal cord tissue and injured tissue nearby the lesion epicenter at 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 60, and 90 days after mouse hemisection spinal cord surgery. Our analysis uncovered six transcriptionally distinct astrocyte states, including Atp1b2+ , S100a4+ , Gpr84+ , C3+ /G0s2+ , GFAP+ /Tm4sf1+ , and Gss+ /Cryab+ astrocytes. We used these new signatures combined with canonical astrocyte markers to determine the distribution of morphologically and physiologically distinct astrocyte population at injured sites by immunofluorescence staining. Then we identified the dynamic evolution process of each astrocyte subtype following SCI. Finally, we also revealed the evolution of highly expressed genes in these astrocyte subtypes at different phases of SCI. Together, we provided six astrocyte subtypes at single-cell resolution following SCI. These data not only contribute to understand the heterogeneity of astrocytes during SCI but also help to find new astrocyte subtypes as a target for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiting Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
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19
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Cai L, Gao L, Zhang G, Zeng H, Wu X, Tan X, Qian C, Chen G. DJ-1 Alleviates Neuroinflammation and the Related Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Destruction by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via SOCS1/Rac1/ROS Pathway in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133716. [PMID: 35807002 PMCID: PMC9267719 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 has been shown to play essential roles in neuronal protection and anti-inflammation in nervous system diseases. This study aimed to explore how DJ-1 regulates neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI). The rat model of spinal cord injury was established by the clamping method. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and the inclined plane test (IPT) were used to evaluate neurological function. Western blot was then applied to test the levels of DJ-1, NLRP3, SOCS1, and related proinflammatory factors (cleaved caspase 1, IL-1β and IL-18); ROS level was also examined. The distribution of DJ-1 was assessed by immunofluorescence staining (IF). BSCB integrity was assessed by the level of MMP-9 and tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin and ZO-1). We found that DJ-1 became significantly elevated after t-SCI and was mainly located in neurons. Knockdown of DJ-1 with specific siRNA aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome-related neuroinflammation and strengthened the disruption of BSCB integrity. However, the upregulation of DJ-1 by Sodium benzoate (SB) reversed these effects and improved neurological function. Furthermore, SOCS1-siRNA attenuated the neuroprotective effects of DJ-1 and increased the ROS, Rac1 and NLRP3. In conclusion, DJ-1 may alleviate neuroinflammation and the related BSCB destruction after t-SCI by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SOCS1/Rac1/ROS pathways. DJ-1 shows potential as a feasible target for mediating neuroinflammation after t-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Cai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (G.C.)
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; (L.C.); (L.G.); (G.Z.); (H.Z.); (X.W.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (C.Q.); (G.C.)
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20
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Circular RNA Hecw1 Regulates the Inflammatory Imbalance in Spinal Cord Injury via miR-3551-3p/LRRTM1 Axis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5151-5166. [PMID: 35699802 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disease having devastating effect and results in the development of systemic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of SCI remain not entirely elucidated. This study was directed toward exploring the circ Hecw1 involved in the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered inflammation damage in neuronal cells. The in vitro model of SCI based on PC12 cells were established with lipopolysaccharide. The cell proliferation was determined by the use of cell counting kit-8 (CCK8). The expressions of circHecw1, miR-3551-3p, and inflammatory factors were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA assay. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed for the purpose of determining LRRTM1 and NF-kB signaling. The expression of circ Hecw1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-triggered PC12 cells and the expression of miR-3551-3p and IL-10 were significantly decreased. Knockdown of circHecw1 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis and reduction in the inflammatory cytokine expression. Our study revealed that circHecw1 regulates SCI neuronal cell inflammation imbalance by regulating the miR-3551-3p/LRRTM1 signaling.
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Zhang X, Song YC, Yang DG, Liu HW, Liu SH, Li XB, Li JJ. The Effect of Vocal Intonation Therapy on Vocal Dysfunction in Patients With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Control Trial. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:860127. [PMID: 35784833 PMCID: PMC9241375 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.860127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the vocal intonation therapy (VIT) was compared with the standard respiratory therapy for people suffering from respiratory dysfunction as a result of cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) to observe its effect on vocal quality. Thirty patients with vocal dysfunction after CSCI with the injury time of more than 3 months were screened for inclusion in the trial, and 18 patients completed the 12-weeks, each participant had 60 sessions in total in the clinical trial. All patients were allocated to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received VIT training and the control group received respiratory phonation therapy. Both groups were trained by professional therapists, and the training time was 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 60 sessions for each group in a total of 12 weeks. In the Baseline (T0), mid-intervention period (after 6 weeks, T1), and after intervention (after 12 weeks, T2), the vocal quality of the two groups of patients was tested with a computer-aided real-time audio analyzer 2.1.6 (Adobe Systems, United States) for Sing-SPL (p < 0.0001), Speech-SPL (p < 0.0001), SNL (p < 0.0001), and F0 (p < 0.0001) of the intervention group were significantly improved compared with the control group. In comparing the spectrometry analysis of vocal quality for the 2 groups of participants, there was a significant difference in the results of Sing-SPL and Speech-SPL acoustic analysis in the intervention group of patients at T2 (after 12 weeks) compared to the control group. Vocal intonation therapy—music therapy can improve the speech sound quality of cervical CSCI patients and provide CSCI patients with a practical, highly operable treatment that has both functional training effects and can bring a pleasant experience that can be promoted in the medical field. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of China Rehabilitation Research Center (CRRC) (approval No. 2019-83-1) on May 20th, 2019. It was registered with the National Health Security Information Platform, medical research registration, and filing information system (Registration No. MR-11-21-011802) on January 28th, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Music Therapy Center, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Song
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Music Therapy Center, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Huai Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Music Therapy Center, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Li
- Laboratory of Music Artificial Intelligence, Central Conservatory of Music, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bing Li,
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Jian-Jun Li,
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:e3-e4. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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