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Egido-Betancourt HX, Strowd Iii RE, Raab-Graham KF. Potential roles of voltage-gated ion channel disruption in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1404884. [PMID: 39253727 PMCID: PMC11381416 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1404884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a lynchpin disorder, as it results in overactive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which has been implicated in a multitude of disease states. TSC is an autosomal dominant disease where 90% of affected individuals develop epilepsy. Epilepsy results from aberrant neuronal excitability that leads to recurring seizures. Under neurotypical conditions, the coordinated activity of voltage-gated ion channels keep neurons operating in an optimal range, thus providing network stability. Interestingly, loss or gain of function mutations in voltage-gated potassium, sodium, or calcium channels leads to altered excitability and seizures. To date, little is known about voltage-gated ion channel expression and function in TSC. However, data is beginning to emerge on how mTOR signaling regulates voltage-gated ion channel expression in neurons. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature describing common seizure types in patients with TSC, and suggest possible parallels between acquired epilepsies with known voltage-gated ion channel dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss possible links toward mTOR regulation of voltage-gated ion channels expression and channel kinetics and the underlying epileptic manifestations in patients with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey X Egido-Betancourt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Roy E Strowd Iii
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly F Raab-Graham
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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2
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Silverman A, Hyslop A, Gallentine W, Rao C. A Case Series of Novel Monogenic Abnormalities Associated With Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-and-Wave Activation in Sleep. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 161:18-23. [PMID: 39232461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE-SWAS) is a rare neurodevelopmental spectrum of disorders marked by regression associated with spike-and-wave activation in sleep. METHODS As roughly 10% have a related genetic underpinning, we sought to describe narrative clinical histories of four patients at a single academic medical center with monogenic variants associated with DEE-SWAS. In sharing this case series, we aim to build on recent work investigating genetic DEE-SWAS. RESULTS Findings from this case series not only aid in accurate diagnosis and prognosis for our patients but also may provide potential targets for future therapeutic interventions. CONCLUSIONS This natural history case series also highlights the difficulty in differentiating genetic phenotype from the effects of DEE-SWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Silverman
- Division of Child Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
| | - Ann Hyslop
- Division of Child Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - William Gallentine
- Division of Child Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Chethan Rao
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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3
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Boughalem A, Ciorna-Monferrato V, Sloboda N, Guegan A, Page F, Zimmer S, Benazra M, Kleinfinger P, Lohmann L, Valduga M, Receveur A, Martin F, Trost D. Optical genome mapping identifies a homozygous deletion in the non-coding region of the SCN9A gene in individuals from the same family with congenital insensitivity to pain. Front Genet 2024; 15:1375770. [PMID: 39156962 PMCID: PMC11327051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1375770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an index patient with complete insensitivity to pain and a history of painless fractures, joint hypermobility, and behavioral problems. The index patient descends from a family with notable cases among his maternal relatives, including his aunt and his mother's first cousin, both of whom suffer from congenital insensitivity to pain. The patient had normal results for prior genetic testing: fragile-X syndrome testing, chromosomal microarray analysis, and exome sequencing. Optical genome mapping detected a homozygous deletion affecting the noncoding 5' untranslated region (UTR) and the first non-coding exon of the SCN9A gene in all affected family members, compatible with recessive disease transmission. Pathogenic homozygous loss-of-function variants in the SCN9A gene are associated with impaired pain sensation in humans. Optical genome mapping can thus detect pathogenic structural variants in patients without molecular etiology by standard diagnostic procedures and is a more accessible diagnostic tool than short-read or long-read whole-genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Boughalem
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Viorica Ciorna-Monferrato
- Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHR Metz-Thionville, site de Mercy, 1, Allée du Château, Metz Cedex, France
| | - Natacha Sloboda
- Génétique Médicale et Oncogénétique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHR Metz-Thionville, site de Mercy, 1, Allée du Château, Metz Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Guegan
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - François Page
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Sophie Zimmer
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Marion Benazra
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Pascale Kleinfinger
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Laurence Lohmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Mylène Valduga
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Aline Receveur
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Fernando Martin
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
| | - Detlef Trost
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratoire CERBA SA, Saint Ouen L’aumône, France
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4
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li N, Wang L, Guo C, Ma W, Liu S, Peng C, Chen J, Song H, Chen H, Ma X, Yi J, Lian J, Kong W, Dong J, Tu X, Shah M, Tian X, Huang Z. A Novel Ubiquitin Ligase Adaptor PTPRN Suppresses Seizure Susceptibility through Endocytosis of Na V1.2 Sodium Channels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400560. [PMID: 38874331 PMCID: PMC11304301 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsic plasticity, a fundamental process enabling neurons to modify their intrinsic properties, plays a crucial role in shaping neuronal input-output function and is implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanisms of intrinsic plasticity remain poorly understood. In this study, a new ubiquitin ligase adaptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N (PTPRN), is identified as a regulator of intrinsic neuronal excitability in the context of temporal lobe epilepsy. PTPRN recruits the NEDD4 Like E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (NEDD4L) to NaV1.2 sodium channels, facilitating NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination, and endocytosis of NaV1.2. Knockout of PTPRN in hippocampal granule cells leads to augmented NaV1.2-mediated sodium currents and higher intrinsic excitability, resulting in increased seizure susceptibility in transgenic mice. Conversely, adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of PTPRN in the dentate gyrus region decreases intrinsic excitability and reduces seizure susceptibility. Moreover, the present findings indicate that PTPRN exerts a selective modulation effect on voltage-gated sodium channels. Collectively, PTPRN plays a significant role in regulating intrinsic excitability and seizure susceptibility, suggesting a potential strategy for precise modulation of NaV1.2 channels' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Chang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Weining Ma
- Department of NeurologyShengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityShenyang110022China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jiexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Huifang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Hedan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jingyun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jingjing Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xinyu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Mala Shah
- UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurologyChongqing400016China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
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5
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Ng ACH, Chahine M, Scantlebury MH, Appendino JP. Channelopathies in epilepsy: an overview of clinical presentations, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic insights. J Neurol 2024; 271:3063-3094. [PMID: 38607431 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in genes encoding ion channels are causal for various pediatric and adult neurological conditions. In particular, several epilepsy syndromes have been identified to be caused by specific channelopathies. These encompass a spectrum from self-limited epilepsies to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies spanning genetic and acquired causes. Several of these channelopathies have exquisite responses to specific antiseizure medications (ASMs), while others ASMs may prove ineffective or even worsen seizures. Some channelopathies demonstrate phenotypic pleiotropy and can cause other neurological conditions outside of epilepsy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the pathophysiology of seizure generation, ion channels implicated in epilepsy, and several genetic epilepsies due to ion channel dysfunction. We outline the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and the current state of basic science and clinical research for these channelopathies. In addition, we briefly look at potential precision therapy approaches emerging for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Cheuk-Him Ng
- Clinical Neuroscience and Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta and Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- CERVO, Brain Research Centre, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Clinical Neuroscience and Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Juan P Appendino
- Clinical Neuroscience and Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, 28 Oki Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
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6
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Huang X, Yip K, Nie H, Chen R, Wang X, Wang Y, Lin W, Li R. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq Reveal the Involvement of Histone Lactylation Modification in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38776154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification of proteins. Although the histone lactylation modification has been reported to be involved in glucose metabolism, its role and molecular pathways in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the histone lactylation modification landscapes of GDM patients and explore lactylation-modification-related genes involved in GDM. We employed a combination of RNA-seq analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis to identify upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hyperhistone lactylation modification in GDM. We demonstrated that the levels of lactate and histone lactylation were significantly elevated in GDM patients. DEGs were involved in diabetes-related pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, and mTOR signaling pathway. ChIP-seq analysis indicated that histone lactylation modification in the promoter regions of the GDM group was significantly changed. By integrating the results of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis, we found that CACNA2D1 is a key gene for histone lactylation modification and is involved in the progression of GDM by promoting cell vitality and proliferation. In conclusion, we identified the key gene CACNA2D1, which upregulated and exhibited hypermodification of histone lactylation in GDM. These findings establish a theoretical groundwork for the targeted therapy of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaman Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - KaCheuk Yip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hanhui Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ruiping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weizhao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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7
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Roy D, Dion E, Sepeda JA, Peng J, Lingam SR, Townsend K, Sas A, Sun W, Tedeschi A. α2δ1-mediated maladaptive sensory plasticity disrupts adipose tissue homeostasis following spinal cord injury. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101525. [PMID: 38663398 PMCID: PMC11148638 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) increases the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Not only does SCI lead to pathological expansion of adipose tissue, but it also leads to ectopic lipid accumulation in organs integral to glucose and insulin metabolism. The pathophysiological changes that underlie adipose tissue dysfunction after SCI are unknown. Here, we find that SCI exacerbates lipolysis in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Whereas expression of the α2δ1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels increases in calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive dorsal root ganglia neurons that project to eWAT, conditional deletion of the gene encoding α2δ1 in these neurons normalizes eWAT lipolysis after SCI. Furthermore, α2δ1 pharmacological blockade through systemic administration of gabapentin also normalizes eWAT lipolysis after SCI, preventing ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. Thus, our study provides insight into molecular causes of maladaptive sensory processing in eWAT, facilitating the development of strategies to reduce metabolic and cardiovascular complications after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Roy
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elliot Dion
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jesse A Sepeda
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- Center for Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sai Rishik Lingam
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristy Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew Sas
- Department of Neurology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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8
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Liu Z, Deng C, Zhou Z, Xiao Y, Jiang S, Zhu B, Naler LB, Jia X, Yao DD, Lu C. Epigenomic tomography for probing spatially defined chromatin state in the brain. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100738. [PMID: 38508188 PMCID: PMC10985265 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Spatially resolved epigenomic profiling is critical for understanding biology in the mammalian brain. Single-cell spatial epigenomic assays were developed recently for this purpose, but they remain costly and labor intensive for examining brain tissues across substantial dimensions and surveying a collection of brain samples. Here, we demonstrate an approach, epigenomic tomography, that maps spatial epigenomes of mouse brain at the scale of centimeters. We individually profiled neuronal and glial fractions of mouse neocortex slices with 0.5 mm thickness. Tri-methylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) or acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) features across these slices were grouped into clusters based on their spatial variation patterns to form epigenomic brain maps. As a proof of principle, our approach reveals striking dynamics in the frontal cortex due to kainic-acid-induced seizure, linked with transmembrane ion transporters, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, and secretion of neurotransmitters. Epigenomic tomography provides a powerful and cost-effective tool for characterizing brain disorders based on the spatial epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chengyu Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ya Xiao
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bohan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lynette B Naler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoting Jia
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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9
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Murakami Y, Umeshita S, Imanishi K, Yoshioka Y, Ninomiya A, Sunabori T, Likhite S, Koike M, Meyer KC, Kinoshita T. AAV-based gene therapy ameliorated CNS-specific GPI defect in mouse models. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101176. [PMID: 38225934 PMCID: PMC10788267 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Thirty genes are involved in the biosynthesis and modification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins, and defects in these genes cause inherited GPI deficiency (IGD). PIGA is X-linked and involved in the first step of GPI biosynthesis, and only males are affected by variations in this gene. The main symptoms of IGD are neurological abnormalities, such as developmental delay and seizures. There is no effective treatment at present. We crossed Nestin-Cre mice with Piga-floxed mice to generate CNS-specific Piga knockout (KO) mice. Hemizygous KO male mice died by P10 with severely defective growth. Heterozygous Piga KO female mice are mosaic for Piga expression and showed severe defects in growth and myelination and died by P25. Using these mouse models, we evaluated the effect of gene replacement therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV). It expressed efficacy within 6 days, and the survival of male mice was extended to up to 3 weeks, whereas 40% of female mice survived for approximately 1 year and the growth defect was improved. However, liver cancer developed in all three treated female mice at 1 year of age, which was probably caused by the AAV vector bearing a strong CAG promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Murakami
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Umeshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Imanishi
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sunabori
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shibi Likhite
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kathrin C. Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immunoglycobiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Jablonka S, Schäfer N. The SMA Modifier Plastin 3 Targets Cell Membrane-Associated Proteins in Motoneurons. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241226623. [PMID: 38249130 PMCID: PMC10799582 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241226623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene inevitably leads to spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), one of the most common fatal neuromuscular diseases in children with FDA and EMA approved therapies. However, the cellular mechanisms leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) dysfunction due to impaired Ca2+ homeostasis in the presynaptic compartment remain largely unexplained. In the last decade, the so-called SMA modifiers have gained attention. The F-actin bundler Plastin 3 (PLS3) is one of them and counteracts neurotransmission defects, including altered vesicle endocytosis, in Smn-deficient NMJs. Properly bundled F-actin is the basis for the translocation and arrangement of transmembrane proteins at the cell surface. Our recently published data by Hennlein et al., J Cell Biol. (2023) clearly showed that Smn deficiency impairs the F-actin dependent translocation of the high-affinity BDNF receptor TrkB to the cell surface resulting in reduced BDNF-mediated TrkB activation in motor axon terminals. Strikingly, the overexpression of PLS3 restores TrkB availability, and significantly improves the clustering of the active zone-associated voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.2 in growth cones of Smn-deficient motoneurons. These observations raise the question of how PLS3 mediates the proper cell surface localization and cluster-like formation of Cav2.2 in motor axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Jablonka
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Schäfer
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Varadi G. Mechanism of Analgesia by Gabapentinoid Drugs: Involvement of Modulation of Synaptogenesis and Trafficking of Glutamate-Gated Ion Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:121-133. [PMID: 37918854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gabapentinoids have clinically been used for treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and several other neurologic disorders for >30 years; however, the definitive molecular mechanism responsible for their therapeutic actions remained uncertain. The conventional pharmacological observation regarding their efficacy in chronic pain modulation is the weakening of glutamate release at presynaptic terminals in the spinal cord. While the α2/δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) has been identified as the primary drug receptor for gabapentinoids, the lack of consistent effect of this drug class on VGCC function is indicative of a minor role in regulating this ion channel's activity. The current review targets the efficacy and mechanism of gabapentinoids in treating chronic pain. The discovery of interaction of α2/δ-1 with thrombospondins established this protein as a major synaptogenic neuronal receptor for thrombospondins. Other findings identified α2/δ-1 as a powerful regulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) by potentiating the synaptic expression, a putative pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain. Further, the interdependent interactions between thrombospondin and α2/δ-1 contribute to chronic pain states, while gabapentinoid ligands efficaciously reverse such pain conditions. Gabapentin normalizes and even blocks NMDAR and AMPAR synaptic targeting and activity elicited by nerve injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gabapentinoid drugs are used to treat various neurological conditions including chronic pain. In chronic pain states, gene expression of cacnα2/δ-1 and thrombospondins are upregulated and promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis. The complex trait of protein associations that involve interdependent interactions between α2/δ-1 and thrombospondins, further, association of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor with the C-tail of α2/δ-1, constitutes a macromolecular signaling complex that forms the crucial elements for the pharmacological mode of action of gabapentinoids.
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Page KM, Gumerov VM, Dahimene S, Zhulin IB, Dolphin AC. The importance of cache domains in α 2δ proteins and the basis for their gabapentinoid selectivity. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2167563. [PMID: 36735378 PMCID: PMC9901441 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2167563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this hybrid review, we have first collected and reviewed available information on the structure and function of the enigmatic cache domains in α2δ proteins. These are organized into two double cache (dCache_1) domains, and they are present in all α2δ proteins. We have also included new data on the key function of these domains with respect to amino acid and gabapentinoid binding to the universal amino acid-binding pocket, which is present in α2δ-1 and α2δ-2. We have now identified the reason why α2δ-3 and α2δ-4 do not bind gabapentinoid drugs or amino acids with bulky side chains. In relation to this, we have determined that the bulky amino acids Tryptophan and Phenylalanine prevent gabapentin from inhibiting cell surface trafficking of α2δ-1. Together, these novel data shed further light on the importance of the cache domains in α2δ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vadim M Gumerov
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Igor B Zhulin
- Department of Microbiology and Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- CONTACT Annette C Dolphin Dolphin Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, UK
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Bi X, Liang W, Zhao Q, Wang J. SSLpheno: a self-supervised learning approach for gene-phenotype association prediction using protein-protein interactions and gene ontology data. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad662. [PMID: 37941450 PMCID: PMC10666204 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Medical genomics faces significant challenges in interpreting disease phenotype and genetic heterogeneity. Despite the establishment of standardized disease phenotype databases, computational methods for predicting gene-phenotype associations still suffer from imbalanced category distribution and a lack of labeled data in small categories. RESULTS To address the problem of labeled-data scarcity, we propose a self-supervised learning strategy for gene-phenotype association prediction, called SSLpheno. Our approach utilizes an attributed network that integrates protein-protein interactions and gene ontology data. We apply a Laplacian-based filter to ensure feature smoothness and use self-supervised training to optimize node feature representation. Specifically, we calculate the cosine similarity of feature vectors and select positive and negative sample nodes for reconstruction training labels. We employ a deep neural network for multi-label classification of phenotypes in the downstream task. Our experimental results demonstrate that SSLpheno outperforms state-of-the-art methods, especially in categories with fewer annotations. Moreover, our case studies illustrate the potential of SSLpheno as an effective prescreening tool for gene-phenotype association identification. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/bixuehua/SSLpheno.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Bi
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Medical Engineering and Technology College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Weiyang Liang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qichang Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Puig S, Xue X, Salisbury R, Shelton MA, Kim SM, Hildebrand MA, Glausier JR, Freyberg Z, Tseng GC, Yocum AK, Lewis DA, Seney ML, MacDonald ML, Logan RW. Circadian rhythm disruptions associated with opioid use disorder in synaptic proteomes of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4777-4792. [PMID: 37674018 PMCID: PMC10914630 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Opioid craving and relapse vulnerability is associated with severe and persistent sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of circadian rhythms and opioid use disorder (OUD) may prove valuable for developing new treatments for opioid addiction. Previous work indicated molecular rhythm disruptions in the human brain associated with OUD, highlighting synaptic alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)-key brain regions involved in cognition and reward, and heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of OUD. To provide further insights into the synaptic alterations in OUD, we used mass-spectrometry based proteomics to deeply profile protein expression alterations in bulk tissue and synaptosome preparations from DLPFC and NAc of unaffected and OUD subjects. We identified 55 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in DLPFC homogenates, and 44 DE proteins in NAc homogenates, between unaffected and OUD subjects. In synaptosomes, we identified 161 and 56 DE proteins in DLPFC and NAc, respectively, of OUD subjects. By comparing homogenate and synaptosome protein expression, we identified proteins enriched specifically in synapses that were significantly altered in both DLPFC and NAc of OUD subjects. Across brain regions, synaptic protein alterations in OUD subjects were primarily identified in glutamate, GABA, and circadian rhythm signaling. Using time-of-death (TOD) analyses, where the TOD of each subject is used as a time-point across a 24-h cycle, we were able to map circadian-related changes associated with OUD in synaptic proteomes associated with vesicle-mediated transport and membrane trafficking in the NAc and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta signaling in DLPFC. Collectively, our findings lend further support for molecular rhythm disruptions in synaptic signaling in the human brain as a key factor in opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Micah A Shelton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sam-Moon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mariah A Hildebrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marianne L Seney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L MacDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ryan W Logan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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15
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Lauerer RJ, Lerche H. Voltage-gated calcium channels in genetic epilepsies. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37822150 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) are abundant in the central nervous system and serve a broad spectrum of functions, either directly in cellular excitability or indirectly to regulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Ca2+ ions act as one of the main connections in excitation-transcription coupling, muscle contraction and excitation-exocytosis coupling, including synaptic transmission. In recent years, many genes encoding VGCCs main α or additional auxiliary subunits have been associated with epilepsy. This review sums up the current state of knowledge on disease mechanisms and provides guidance on disease-specific therapies where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lauerer
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University and University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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16
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Puig S, Xue X, Salisbury R, Shelton MA, Kim SM, Hildebrand MA, Glausier JR, Freyberg Z, Tseng GC, Yocum AK, Lewis DA, Seney ML, MacDonald ML, Logan RW. Circadian rhythm disruptions associated with opioid use disorder in the synaptic proteomes of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536056. [PMID: 37066169 PMCID: PMC10104116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Opioid craving and relapse vulnerability is associated with severe and persistent sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of circadian rhythms and opioid use disorder (OUD) may prove valuable for developing new treatments for opioid addiction. Previous work indicated molecular rhythm disruptions in the human brain associated with OUD, highlighting synaptic alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc)-key brain regions involved in cognition and reward, and heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of OUD. To provide further insights into the synaptic alterations in OUD, we used mass-spectrometry based proteomics to deeply profile protein expression alterations in bulk tissue and synaptosome preparations from DLPFC and NAc of unaffected and OUD subjects. We identified 55 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in DLPFC homogenates, and 44 DE proteins in NAc homogenates, between unaffected and OUD subjects. In synaptosomes, we identified 161 and 56 DE proteins in DLPFC and NAc, respectively, of OUD subjects. By comparing homogenate and synaptosome protein expression, we identified proteins enriched specifically in synapses that were significantly altered in both DLPFC and NAc of OUD subjects. Across brain regions, synaptic protein alterations in OUD subjects were primarily identified in glutamate, GABA, and circadian rhythm signaling. Using time-of-death (TOD) analyses, where the TOD of each subject is used as a time-point across a 24- hour cycle, we were able to map circadian-related changes associated with OUD in synaptic proteomes related to vesicle-mediated transport and membrane trafficking in the NAc and platelet derived growth factor receptor beta signaling in DLPFC. Collectively, our findings lend further support for molecular rhythm disruptions in synaptic signaling in the human brain as a key factor in opioid addiction.
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17
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Ruggiero SM, Xian J, Helbig I. The current landscape of epilepsy genetics: where are we, and where are we going? Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:86-94. [PMID: 36762645 PMCID: PMC10088099 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we aim to analyse the progress in understanding the genetic basis of the epilepsies, as well as ongoing efforts to define the increasingly diverse and novel presentations, phenotypes and divergences from the expected that have continually characterized the field. RECENT FINDINGS A genetic workup is now considered to be standard of care for individuals with an unexplained epilepsy, due to mounting evidence that genetic diagnoses significantly influence treatment choices, prognostication, community support, and increasingly, access to clinical trials. As more individuals with epilepsy are tested, novel presentations of known epilepsy genes are being discovered, and more individuals with self-limited epilepsy are able to attain genetic diagnoses. In addition, new genes causative of epilepsy are being uncovered through both traditional and novel methods, including large international data-sharing collaborations and massive sequencing efforts as well as computational methods and analyses driven by the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). SUMMARY New approaches to gene discovery and characterization are advancing rapidly our understanding of the genetic and phenotypic architecture of the epilepsies. This review highlights relevant and groundbreaking studies published recently that have pushed forward the field of epilepsy genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ruggiero
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Julie Xian
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Mayo S, Gómez-Manjón I, Marco-Hernández AV, Fernández-Martínez FJ, Camacho A, Martínez F. N-Type Ca Channel in Epileptic Syndromes and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review of Its Genetic Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6100. [PMID: 37047073 PMCID: PMC10094502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
N-type voltage-gated calcium channel controls the release of neurotransmitters from neurons. The association of other voltage-gated calcium channels with epilepsy is well-known. The association of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels and pain has also been established. However, the relationship between this type of calcium channel and epilepsy has not been specifically reviewed. Therefore, the present review systematically summarizes existing publications regarding the genetic associations between N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayo
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Manjón
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Marco-Hernández
- Neuropediatric Unit, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Translational Research in Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Fernández-Martínez
- Genetics and Inheritance Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Translational Research in Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genomic Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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19
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Avila J, Perry G. Memory, Sleep, and Tau Function. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:491-495. [PMID: 37248906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Memory consolidation related to the hippocampal-cortex connection takes place during sleep. This connection may involve at least two steps- one in the NREM phase of sleep (transmission) and the other in the REM phase (consolidation). In this brief report, we comment on the role of tau protein in these two phases of sleep. The absence of tau decreases δ waves in NREM, whereas the overexpression of modified (phosphorylated and/or mutated) tau alters θ waves in REM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - George Perry
- Neurology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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20
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Hessenberger M, Haddad S, Obermair GJ. Pathophysiological Roles of Auxiliary Calcium Channel α 2δ Subunits. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:289-316. [PMID: 36598609 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
α2δ proteins serve as auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, which are essential components of excitable cells such as skeletal and heart muscles, nerve cells of the brain and the peripheral nervous system, as well as endocrine cells. Over the recent years, α2δ proteins have been identified as critical regulators of synaptic functions, including the formation and differentiation of synapses. These functions require signalling mechanisms which are partly independent of calcium channels. Hence, in light of these features it is not surprising that the genes encoding for the four α2δ isoforms have recently been linked to neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and depressive and bipolar disorders. Despite the increasing number of identified disease-associated mutations, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only beginning to emerge. However, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiological role of α2δ proteins ideally serves two purposes: first, it will contribute to our understanding of general pathological mechanisms in synaptic disorders. Second, it may support the future development of novel and specific treatments for brain disorders. In this context, it is noteworthy that the antiepileptic and anti-allodynic drugs gabapentin and pregabalin both act via binding to α2δ proteins and are among the top sold drugs for treating neuropathic pain. In this book chapter, we will discuss recent developments in our understanding of the functions of α2δ proteins, both as calcium channel subunits and as independent regulatory entities. Furthermore, we present and summarize recently identified and likely pathogenic mutations in the genes encoding α2δ proteins and discuss potential underlying pathophysiological consequences at the molecular and structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hessenberger
- Division Physiology, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Sabrin Haddad
- Division Physiology, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald J Obermair
- Division Physiology, Department Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
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21
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Kadurin I, Dahimene S, Page KM, Ellaway JIJ, Chaggar K, Troeberg L, Nagase H, Dolphin AC. ADAM17 Mediates Proteolytic Maturation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Auxiliary α 2δ Subunits, and Enables Calcium Current Enhancement. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac013. [PMID: 35462614 PMCID: PMC9016415 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The auxiliary α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are key to augmenting expression and function of CaV1 and CaV2 channels, and are also important drug targets in several therapeutic areas, including neuropathic pain. The α2δ proteins are translated as preproteins encoding both α2 and δ, and post-translationally proteolyzed into α2 and δ subunits, which remain associated as a complex. In this study, we have identified ADAM17 as a key protease involved in proteolytic processing of pro-α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 subunits. We provide three lines of evidence: First, proteolytic cleavage is inhibited by chemical inhibitors of particular metalloproteases, including ADAM17. Second, proteolytic cleavage of both α2δ-1 and α2δ-3 is markedly reduced in cell lines by knockout of ADAM17 but not ADAM10. Third, proteolytic cleavage is reduced by the N-terminal active domain of TIMP-3 (N-TIMP-3), which selectively inhibits ADAM17. We have found previously that proteolytic cleavage into mature α2δ is essential for the enhancement of CaV function, and in agreement, knockout of ADAM17 inhibited the ability of α2δ-1 to enhance both CaV2.2 and CaV1.2 calcium currents. Finally, our data also indicate that the main site of proteolytic cleavage of α2δ-1 is the Golgi apparatus, although cleavage may also occur at the plasma membrane. Thus, our study identifies ADAM17 as a key protease required for proteolytic maturation of α2δ-1 and α2δ-3, and thus a potential drug target in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph I J Ellaway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kanchan Chaggar
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Hideaki Nagase
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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