1
|
Gong J, Kim DM, Freeman MR, Kim H, Ellis L, Smith B, Theodorescu D, Posadas E, Figlin R, Bhowmick N, Freedland SJ. Genetic and biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities in Black men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:274-289. [PMID: 37964070 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Black men with prostate cancer have historically had worse outcomes than white men with prostate cancer. The causes of this disparity in outcomes are multi-factorial, but a potential basis is that prostate cancers in Black men are biologically distinct from prostate cancers in white men. Evidence suggests that genetic and ancestral factors, molecular pathways involving androgen and non-androgen receptor signalling, inflammation, epigenetics, the tumour microenvironment and tumour metabolism are contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Key genetic and molecular pathways linked to prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness have potential clinical relevance. Describing biological drivers of prostate cancer disparities could inform efforts to improve outcomes for Black men with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel M Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyung Kim
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leigh Ellis
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Smith
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edwin Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Figlin
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang R, Bornman MSR, Stricker PD, Simoni Brum I, Mutambirwa SBA, Jaratlerdsiri W, Hayes VM. The impact of telomere length on prostate cancer aggressiveness, genomic instability and health disparities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7706. [PMID: 38565642 PMCID: PMC10987561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The telomere repetitive TTAGGG motif at the ends of chromosomes, serves to preserve genomic integrity and chromosomal stability. In turn, genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer-implicating telomere disturbance. Prostate cancer (PCa) shows significant ancestral disparities, with men of African ancestry at the greatest risk for aggressive disease and associated genomic instability. Yet, no study has explored the role of telomere length (TL) with respect to ancestrally driven PCa health disparities. Patient- and technically-matched tumour-blood whole genome sequencing data for 179 ancestrally defined treatment naïve PCa patients (117 African, 62 European), we assessed for TL (blood and tumour) associations. We found shortened tumour TL to be associated with aggressive PCa presentation and elevated genomic instabilities, including percentage of genome alteration and copy number gains, in men of African ancestry. For European patients, tumour TL showed significant associations with PCa driver genes PTEN, TP53, MSH2, SETBP1 and DDX11L1, while shorter blood TL (< 3200 base pairs) and tumour TL (< 2861 base pairs) were correlated with higher risk for biochemical recurrence. Concurring with previous studies linking TL to PCa diagnosis and/or prognosis, for the first time we correlated TL differences with patient ancestry with important implications for future treatments targeting telomere dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Huang
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - M S Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa
| | - Phillip D Stricker
- Department of Urology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum
- Endocrine and Tumor Molecular Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Shingai B A Mutambirwa
- Department of Urology, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Medunsa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Ancestry and Health Genomics Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0084, South Africa.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, 0727, Limpopo, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wakita H, Lu Y, Li X, Kobayashi T, Hachiya T, Ide H, Horie S. Evaluating Leukocyte Telomere Length and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1386. [PMID: 38611064 PMCID: PMC11011111 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with aging and the development and progression of cancer. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the potential of LTL and MDSC as diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer while also seeking to deepen our understanding of the relationship of these potential biomarkers to each other. METHODS Our study involved patients undergoing a prostate biopsy. We analyzed the relative LTL in genomic DNA obtained from peripheral blood leukocytes as well as the percentage of MDSC and their subtypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Our evaluation focused on examining the relationship between LTL and MDSC and pathological diagnoses as well as investigating the correlation between LTL and MDSC levels. RESULTS In our study of 102 participants, 56 were pathologically diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (cancer group), while 46 tested negative (control group). The cancer group exhibited significantly shorter LTL in comparison to the control group (p = 0.024). Additionally, the cancer group showed a tendency towards a higher percentage of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.056). Our multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with shorter LTL and higher percentages of M-MDSC had a 2.98-fold (95% CI = 1.001-8.869, p = 0.049) and 3.03-fold (95% CI = 1.152-7.977, p = 0.025) increased risk of prostate cancer diagnosis, respectively. There was also a significant negative correlation between LTL and M-MDSC. (r = -0.347, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our research has established a correlation between LTL and MDSC in patients undergoing biopsy for prostate cancer. Notably, we observed that individuals with localized prostate cancer tend to have shorter LTL and a higher percentage of M-MDSC prior to their diagnosis. These findings suggest that LTL and M-MDSC could potentially serve as adjunctive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Wakita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan; (H.W.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (T.K.); (H.I.)
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan;
- Department of Digital Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsatsakis A, Oikonomopoulou T, Nikolouzakis TK, Vakonaki E, Tzatzarakis M, Flamourakis M, Renieri E, Fragkiadaki P, Iliaki E, Bachlitzanaki M, Karzi V, Katsikantami I, Kakridonis F, Hatzidaki E, Tolia M, Svistunov AA, Spandidos DA, Nikitovic D, Tsiaoussis J, Berdiaki A. Role of telomere length in human carcinogenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:78. [PMID: 37232367 PMCID: PMC10552730 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered the most important clinical, social and economic issue regarding cause‑specific disability‑adjusted life years among all human pathologies. Exogenous, endogenous and individual factors, including genetic predisposition, participate in cancer triggering. Telomeres are specific DNA structures positioned at the end of chromosomes and consist of repetitive nucleotide sequences, which, together with shelterin proteins, facilitate the maintenance of chromosome stability, while protecting them from genomic erosion. Even though the connection between telomere status and carcinogenesis has been identified, the absence of a universal or even a cancer‑specific trend renders consent even more complex. It is indicative that both short and long telomere lengths have been associated with a high risk of cancer incidence. When evaluating risk associations between cancer and telomere length, a disparity appears to emerge. Even though shorter telomeres have been adopted as a marker of poorer health status and an older biological age, longer telomeres due to increased cell growth potential are associated with the acquirement of cancer‑initiating somatic mutations. Therefore, the present review aimed to comprehensively present the multifaceted pattern of telomere length and cancer incidence association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Tatiana Oikonomopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | | | - Evaggelia Iliaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Bachlitzanaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Venizeleion General Hospital of Heraklion, 71409 Heraklion
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Ioanna Katsikantami
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Fotios Kakridonis
- Department of Spine Surgery and Scoliosis, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andrey A. Svistunov
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dhillon VS, Deo P, Fenech M. The Relationship between Telomere Length and Nucleoplasmic Bridges and Severity of Disease in Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3351. [PMID: 37444460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide (TTAGGG) sequences that stabilize the chromosome ends and play an important role in the prevention of cancer initiation and progression. Nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) are formed when chromatids remain joined together during mitotic anaphase either due to mis-repair of DNA breaks or due to chromatid end fusion as a result of telomere loss or telomere dysfunction. We tested the hypotheses that (i) telomere length (TL) is shorter in prostate cancer (PC) patients relative to healthy age-matched individuals, (ii) TL differs in different stages of PC and (iii) shorter TL is significantly correlated with NPBs formation in PC cases. TL was measured in whole blood by well-established quantitative PCR method and the frequency of NPBs was measured in lymphocytes using cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay. Our results indicate that TL is shorter and NPBs are increased in PC patients relative to age-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, TL was significantly shorter (p = 0.03) in patients with a Gleason score more than 7 and there was also a significant trend of decreasing TL across all three stages (p trend = 0.01; Gleason score <7, 7 and >7). Furthermore, TL was significantly inversely correlated with NPB frequency in PC patients (r = -0.316; p = 0.001) but not in controls (r = 0.163; p = 0.06) and their relationships became stronger with higher Gleason scores. More studies are required that can confirm our observations and explore mechanistic differences in the role of telomeres in NPB formation in PC cases relative to non-cancer cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton 5048, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wan B, Lu L, Lv C. Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length and prostate cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286219. [PMID: 37352282 PMCID: PMC10289467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is related to prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between them remains unknown. This study was aimed at identifying the causal direction between LTL and PCa with Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with LTL were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 472,174 individuals. Summary-level data of PCa-related GWAS were extracted from four cohorts comprising 456,717 individuals. An inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) algorithm was used for MR. Sensitivity analyses were performed with MR-Egger regression, IVW regression, leave-one-out test, and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier analyses. A meta-analysis was also performed to compute the average genetically determined effect of LTL on PCa. RESULTS A long LTL was associated with an increased risk of PCa in all cohorts, with odds ratios of 1.368 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.247 to 1.500, P = 2.84×10-11), 1.503 (95% CI: 1.243 to 1.816, P = 2.57×10-5), 1.722 (95% CI: 1.427 to 2.077, P = 1.48×10-8), and 1.358 (95% CI: 1.242 to 1.484, P = 1.73×10-11) in the IVW analysis. Sensitivity analyses showed that the genetically determined effect of LTL on PCa was stable and reliable. The meta-analysis showed that the genetically determined per 1-standard deviation rise in LTL correlated significantly with an average 40.6% increase in the PCa risk, with an average odds ratio of 1.406 (95% CI: 1.327 to 1.489, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study supported the causal hypothesis that the genetically determined longer LTL was associated with a higher risk of PCa. This finding could serve as a basis for therapeutic strategies for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cai Lv
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rybicki BA, Sadasivan SM, Chen Y, Loveless I, Gupta NS, Chitale DA, Williamson SR, Rundle AG, Tang DL. Race Differences in Telomere Length in Benign Prostate Biopsies and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:991-998. [PMID: 35247880 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere shortening is linked to aging and may be associated with increased risk for cancer. Most cancer studies have used telomere length in leukocytes rather than in the target tissue of cancer origin. METHODS A case-control study of 524 case-control pairs with a benign prostate biopsy nested within a historical cohort of 10,478 men was conducted to determine whether premalignant prostate telomere length (assessed using a modified qRT-PCR) is associated with prostate cancer risk. RESULTS Telomere lengths in benign prostate biopsies of cases versus controls were similar (1.46 ± 0.38 vs. 1.45 ± 0.42; P = 0.49). African American (AA) men had significantly shorter telomeres compared with White men (1.51 ± 0.38 vs. 1.63 ± 0.39; P < 0.0001). In race-stratified analyses, increasing telomere length was more strongly associated with prostate cancer risk in White men, wherein those with telomere length in the highest quartile had 1.9-fold greater adjusted risk of prostate cancer compared with men with prostate telomere lengths in the lowest quartile [OR = 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-3.36]. Men in the highest telomere length quartile also had a greater risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared with men with telomere lengths in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.25-6.19). CONCLUSIONS White men have longer telomeres in benign prostate tissue compared with AA men, and those with the longest telomeres may be at increased risk for prostate cancer, particularly the more aggressive form of the disease. IMPACT Race-specific telomere length measures may be an early biomarker of aggressive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sudha M Sadasivan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Yalei Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ian Loveless
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nilesh S Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | | | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Deliang L Tang
- Department of Environmental Heath Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krieger KL, Gohlke JH, Lee KJ, Piyarathna DWB, Castro PD, Jones JA, Ittmann MM, Gassman NR, Sreekumar A. Repair-Assisted Damage Detection Reveals Biological Disparities in Prostate Cancer between African Americans and European Americans. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041012. [PMID: 35205762 PMCID: PMC8870190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. African American men are diagnosed with and succumb to prostate cancer at higher rates than other demographic groups. Previously published works described the biological differences in prostate tumors that may contribute to poorer outcomes in African American men compared to European American men. This study was designed to explore the DNA lesion profiles found in prostate tissues. Using tissue microarrays, we found that prostate tumors from African American patients have more uracil and pyrimidine damage, elevated UNG levels, and reduced XRCC1 levels than European American tumors, which may indicate defects in the base excision repair pathway. In addition, these men had higher UMP and lower expression of folate cycle metabolites, suggesting that metabolic rewiring may also contribute to the dysregulation of base excision repair. Abstract African Americans (AA) are two times more likely to be diagnosed with and succumb to prostate cancer (PCa) compared to European Americans (EA). There is mounting evidence that biological differences in these tumors contribute to disparities in patient outcomes. Our goal was to examine the differences in DNA damage in AA and EA prostate tissues. Tissue microarrays with matched tumor-benign adjacent pairs from 77 AA and EA PCa patients were analyzed for abasic sites, oxidative lesions, crosslinks, and uracil content using the Repair Assisted Damage Detection (RADD) assay. Our analysis revealed that AA PCa, overall, have more DNA damage than EA PCa. Increased uracil and pyrimidine lesions occurred in AA tumors, while EA tumors had more oxidative lesions. AA PCa have higher levels of UMP and folate cycle metabolites than their EA counterparts. AA PCa showed higher levels of UNG, the uracil-specific glycosylase, than EA, despite uracil lesions being retained within the genome. AA patients also had lower levels of the base excision repair protein XRCC1. These results indicate dysfunction in the base excision repair pathway in AA tumors. Further, these findings reveal how metabolic rewiring in AA PCa drives biological disparities and identifies a targetable axis for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko L. Krieger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie H. Gohlke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Lee
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA;
| | - Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee Piyarathna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patricia D. Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.D.C.); (M.M.I.)
- Human Tissue Acquisition & Pathology Shared Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.D.C.); (M.M.I.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (N.R.G.); (A.S.); Tel.: +1-205-975-1904 (N.R.G.); +1-713-798-3305 (A.S.)
| | - Arun Sreekumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.L.K.); (J.H.G.); (D.W.B.P.)
- Center for Translational Metabolism and Health Disparities (C-TMH), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (N.R.G.); (A.S.); Tel.: +1-205-975-1904 (N.R.G.); +1-713-798-3305 (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Minas TZ, Kiely M, Ajao A, Ambs S. An overview of cancer health disparities: new approaches and insights and why they matter. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:2-13. [PMID: 33185680 PMCID: PMC7717137 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer health disparities remain stubbornly entrenched in the US health care system. The Affordable Care Act was legislation to target these disparities in health outcomes. Expanded access to health care, reduction in tobacco use, uptake of other preventive measures and cancer screening, and improved cancer therapies greatly reduced cancer mortality among women and men and underserved communities in this country. Yet, disparities in cancer outcomes remain. Underserved populations continue to experience an excessive cancer burden. This burden is largely explained by health care disparities, lifestyle factors, cultural barriers, and disparate exposures to carcinogens and pathogens, as exemplified by the COVID-19 epidemic. However, research also shows that comorbidities, social stress, ancestral and immunobiological factors, and the microbiome, may contribute to health disparities in cancer risk and survival. Recent studies revealed that comorbid conditions can induce an adverse tumor biology, leading to a more aggressive disease and decreased patient survival. In this review, we will discuss unanswered questions and new opportunities in cancer health disparity research related to comorbid chronic diseases, stress signaling, the immune response, and the microbiome, and what contribution these factors may have as causes of cancer health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsion Zewdu Minas
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maeve Kiely
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anuoluwapo Ajao
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|