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Accardo A, Mannucci S, Nicolato E, Vurro F, Diaferia C, Bontempi P, Marzola P, Morelli G. Easy formulation of liposomal doxorubicin modified with a bombesin peptide analogue for selective targeting of GRP receptors overexpressed by cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 9:215-226. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Neuroblast Differentiation in the Dentate Gyrus by Facilitating the Phosphorylation of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:323-332. [PMID: 30460638 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we observed a significant increase in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) levels after pyridoxine treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PGAM1 on novel object recognition, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. We generated a Tat-PGAM1 fusion protein to cross the blood-brain barrier and neuronal plasma membrane. We administered the Tat peptide, control-PGAM1, or Tat-PGAM1 fusion protein to 8-week-old mice once a day for 3 weeks and tested novel object recognition memory. The mice were then euthanized to conduct western blot analysis for polyhistidine expression and immunohistochemical analysis for Ki67, doublecortin, and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein. Mice treated with Tat peptide showed similar exploration times for familiar and new objects and the discrimination index was significantly lower in this group than in the control group. Tat-PGAM1 moderately increased the exploration time of new objects when compared to familiar objects, while the discrimination index was significantly higher in the Tat-PGAM1-treated group, but not in the control-PGAM1-treated group, when compared with the control group. Higher PGAM1 protein expression was observed in the hippocampus of Tat-PGAM1-treated mice when compared with the hippocampi of control, Tat peptide-, and control-PGAM1-treated mice, using western blot analysis. In addition, the numbers of proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts were significantly lower in the Tat peptide-treated group than in the control group. In contrast, the numbers of proliferating cells and differentiated neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus were higher in the Tat-PGAM1-treated group than in the control group. Administration of Tat-PGAM1 significantly facilitated the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in the dentate gyrus. Administration of control-PGAM1 did not show any significant effects on novel object recognition, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that PGAM1 plays a role in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus via the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in the hippocampus.
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Ji YM, Zhou XF, Zhang J, Zheng X, Li SB, Wei ZQ, Liu T, Cheng DL, Liu P, Song K, Tan T, Zhu H, Guo JL. DEPTOR suppresses the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and predicts poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14188-98. [PMID: 26893358 PMCID: PMC4924707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a naturally occurring inhibitor of mTOR, accumulated evidence has suggested that DEPTOR plays a pivotal role in suppressing the progression of human malignances. However, the function of DEPTOR in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. Here we report that the expression of DEPTOR is significantly reduced in tumor tissues derived from human patients with ESCC, and the downregulation of DEPTOR predicts a poor prognosis of ESCC patients. In addition, we found that the expression of DEPTOR negatively regulates the tumorigenic activities of ESCC cell lines (KYSE150, KYSE510 and KYSE190). Furthermore, ectopic DEPTOR expression caused a significant suppression of the cellular proliferation, migration and invasion of KYSE150 cells, which has the lowest expression level of DEPTOR in the three cell lines. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of DEPTOR in KYSE-510 cells significantly promoted cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, in vivo assays further revealed that tumor growth was significantly inhibited in xenografts with ectopic DEPTOR expression as compared to untreated KYSE150 cells, and was markedly enhanced in DEPTOR knockout KYSE-510 cells. Biochemical studies revealed that overexpression of DEPTOR led to the suppression of AKT/mTOR pathway as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR and downstream SGK1, indicating DEPTOR might control the progression of ESCC through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, these findings, for the first time, demonstrated that DEPTOR inhibits the tumorigenesis of ESCC cells and might serve as a potential therapeutic target or prognostic marker for human patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Bao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuncheng Song
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jia-Long Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People's Republic of China
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Vert A, Castro J, Ribó M, Benito A, Vilanova M. A nuclear-directed human pancreatic ribonuclease (PE5) targets the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18309-24. [PMID: 26918450 PMCID: PMC4951290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleases represent a new class of antitumor RNA-damaging drugs. However, many wild-type members of the vertebrate secreted ribonuclease family are not cytotoxic because they are not able to evade the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor. We previously engineered the human pancreatic ribonuclease to direct it to the cell nucleus where the inhibitor is not present. The best characterized variant is PE5 that kills cancer cells through apoptosis mediated by the p21WAF1/CIP1 induction and the inactivation of JNK. Here, we have used microarray-derived transcriptional profiling to identify PE5 regulated genes on the NCI/ADR-RES ovarian cancer cell line. RT-qPCR analyses have confirmed the expression microarray findings. The results show that PE5 cause pleiotropic effects. Among them, it is remarkable the down-regulation of multiple genes that code for enzymes involved in deregulated metabolic pathways in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vert
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Jessica Castro
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Ribó
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benito
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilanova
- Laboratori d'Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona Josep Trueta, (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
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Xu Z, Gong J, Wang C, Wang Y, Song Y, Xu W, Liu Z, Liu Y. The diagnostic value and functional roles of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 in glioma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2236-44. [PMID: 27572934 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is involved in many cancer types and promotes breast cancer progression. However, the role of PGAM1 in glioma remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of PGAM1 expression with glioma grade and the role of PGAM1 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of glioma cells. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was analysed in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of PGAM1 was examined further by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, we inhibited the expression of PGAM1 in glioma cell line by siRNA to evaluate its role in glioma proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was significantly greater in glioma than normal brain tissues. PGAM1 expression was associated with the WHO grade of glioma. siRNA knockdown of PGAM1 significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, promoted glioma cell apoptosis, induced S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion in vitro. PGAM1 may be associated with the grade of glioma and be involved in the biological behavior of glioma cells. PGAM1 might be a novel therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Zhu H, Zhang H, Jin F, Fang M, Huang M, Yang CS, Chen T, Fu L, Pan Z. Elevated Orai1 expression mediates tumor-promoting intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3455-71. [PMID: 24797725 PMCID: PMC4116495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment as well as prognostic biomarker for malignant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is urgently needed. The present study was aimed at identifying oncogenic genes involving dysregulated intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which is known to function importantly in cellular proliferation and migration. Tumors from patients with ESCC were found to display elevated expression of Orai1, a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel, and the high expression of Orai1 was associated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival. In contrast to the quiescent nature of non-tumorigenic epithelial cells, human ESCC cells exhibited strikingly hyperactive in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, which were sensitive to treatments with Orai1 channel blockers and to orai1 silencing. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of Orai1 activity or reduction of Orai1 expression suppressed proliferation and migration of ESCC in vitro and slowed tumor formation and growth in in vivo xenografted mice. Combined, these findings provide the first evidence to imply Orai1 as a novel biomarker for ESCC prognostic stratification and also highlight Orai1-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway as a potential target for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liwu Fu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zui Pan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Shah BP, Pasquale N, De G, Tan T, Ma J, Lee KB. Core-shell nanoparticle-based peptide therapeutics and combined hyperthermia for enhanced cancer cell apoptosis. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9379-87. [PMID: 25133971 PMCID: PMC4174096 DOI: 10.1021/nn503431x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeting peptides have garnered immense interest as potential chemotherapeutics in recent years. However, there is a clear need to develop strategies to overcome the critical limitations of peptides, such as poor solubility and the lack of target specificity, which impede their clinical applications. To this end, we report magnetic core-shell nanoparticle (MCNP)-mediated delivery of a mitochondria-targeting pro-apoptotic amphipathic tail-anchoring peptide (ATAP) to malignant brain and metastatic breast cancer cells. Conjugation of ATAP to the MCNPs significantly enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of ATAP, while the presence of targeting ligands afforded selective delivery to cancer cells. Induction of MCNP-mediated hyperthermia further potentiated the efficacy of ATAP. In summary, a combination of MCNP-mediated ATAP delivery and subsequent hyperthermia resulted in an enhanced effect on mitochondrial dysfunction, thus resulting in increased cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birju P. Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nicholas Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Gejing De
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi M, Nassiri SM, Rahbarghazi R. Serological proteome analysis of dogs with breast cancer unveils common serum biomarkers with human counterparts. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:901-10. [PMID: 24338489 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Canine mammary tumor is being touted as a model for investigating the human breast cancer. Breast cancer of the both species has similar biological behavior, histopathologic characteristics, and metastatic pattern. In this study, we used the serological proteome analysis to detect autoantigens that elicit a humoral response in dogs with mammary tumor in order to identify serum biomarkers with potential usefulness as diagnostic markers and to better understand molecular mechanisms underlying canine breast cancer development. Protein extract from a cell line was subject to 2DE followed by Western blotting using sera from 15 dogs with mammary tumor and sera from 15 healthy control dogs. Immunoreactive autoantigens were subsequently identified by the MALDI-TOF MS. Four autoantigens, including manganese-superoxide dismutase, triose phosphate isomerase, alpha-enolase, and phosphoglycerate mutase1, with significantly higher immunoreactivity in the tumor samples than in the normal samples were identified as biomarker candidates. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed higher expression of these biomarkers in the malignant tumors than in the normal or benign tumors. The autoantigens found in this study have been reported to elicit autoantibody response in the human breast cancer, indicating the similarity of breast cancer proteome profile in dogs with that in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Lee S, Lee I, Jung Y, McConkey D, Czerniak B. In-frame cDNA library combined with protein complementation assay identifies ARL11-binding partners. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52290. [PMID: 23272234 PMCID: PMC3525598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cDNA expression libraries that produce correct proteins are essential in facilitating the identification of protein-protein interactions. The 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) that are present in the majority of mammalian and non-mammalian genes are predicted to alter the expression of correct proteins from cDNA libraries. We developed a novel cDNA expression library from which 5′-UTRs were removed using a mixture of polymerase chain reaction primers that complement the Kozak sequences we refer to as an “in-frame cDNA library.” We used this library with the protein complementation assay to identify two novel binding partners for ras-related ADP-ribosylation factor-like 11 (ARL11), cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2), and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1). Thus, the in-frame cDNA library without 5′-UTRs we describe here increases the chance of correctly identifying protein interactions and will have wide applications in both mammalian and non-mammalian detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyou Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Hu H, Deng C, Yang T, Dong Q, Chen Y, Nice EC, Huang C, Wei Y. Proteomics revisits the cancer metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 8:505-533. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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ZHOU XH, LIU Y, HU NY, WANG CY, ZHAO LQ. Screening and Identification of P311 Binding Proteins. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ren F, Wu H, Lei Y, Zhang H, Liu R, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zeng D, Tong A, Chen L, Wei Y, Huang C. Quantitative proteomics identification of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 as a novel therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:81. [PMID: 20403181 PMCID: PMC2873438 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy and limited efficacy of radiotherapy. There is an urgent need to develop novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, as well as to identify new drug targets for therapeutic interventions. PATIENTS AND METHODS 54 paired HCC samples and 21 normal liver tissues were obtained from West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients or their relatives prior to analysis, and the project was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Sichuan University. Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC)-based proteomics was employed to profile the differentially expressed proteins between a HepG2 human hepatoma cell line and an immortal hepatic cell line L02. Validation of PGAM1 expression was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry using clinical samples. shRNA expressing plasmids specifically targeting PGAM1 were designed and constructed by GenePharma Corporation (Shanghai, China), and were utilized to silence expression of PGAM1 in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation was measured by a combination of colony formation assay and Ki67 staining. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. RESULTS A total of 63 dysregulated proteins were identified, including 51 up-regulated proteins, and 12 down-regulated proteins (over 2-fold, p < 0.01). Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) was found markedly upregulated. Clinico-pathological analysis indicated that overexpression of PGAM1 was associated with 66.7% HCC, and strongly correlated with poor differentiation and decreased survival rates (p < 0.01). shRNAs-mediated repression of PGAM1 expression resulted in significant inhibition in liver cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our studies suggested that PGAM1 plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, and should be a potential diagnostic biomarker, as well as an attractive therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Li X, Lv Y, Yuan A, Li Z. Gastrin-releasing peptide links stressor to cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:483-91. [PMID: 20140628 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) plays an important role in cancer growth and metastasis; however, the mechanisms of how GRP affects cancer progression are not well understood. Recent studies revealed that chronic stress is a major risk factor for cancer progression, and this effect may be mediated by GRP. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and implications of GRP linking stressor to cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the studies of the relationship between GRP, stress and cancers through PubMed using systematic methods to search, select, and evaluate the findings. RESULTS The results suggested that GRP can mediate the effects of stress on cancers at systemic, tissue and cellular levels: Stress elicits the secretion of GRP in the brain and GRP in turn activates the stress response pathways resulting in an elevation of stress hormones and GRP in the plasma and tissues. GRP in synergy with stress hormones stimulates the growth and invasion of cancer cells by suppressing the anti-tumor immune function and directly activating the pro-proliferative and pro-migratory signaling pathways in cancer cells. CONCLUSION GRP is a multi-functional peptide, which acts as a stress mediator as well as a growth factor linking stressor to cancer progression. GRP and its high-affinity receptor are useful targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Jacobowitz DM, Jozwik C, Fukuda T, Pollard HB. Immunohistochemical localization of Phosphoglycerate mutase in capillary endothelium of the brain and periphery. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yuan A, Liu J, Liu Y, Bjørnsen T, Varro A, Cui G. Immunohistochemical examination of gastrin, gastrin precursors, and gastrin/CCK-2 receptor in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2008; 14:449-55. [PMID: 18438722 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-008-9047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A promoting effect of gastrin on stimulating Barrett's oesophagus proliferation has been demonstrated, but whether it plays a regulating role for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to date has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to examine the expressions of gastrin, gastrin precursors and gastrin/CCK-2 receptor in ESCC. Tissue specimen sections from 38 patients with ESSC obtained from a high incidence area of north China were assessed using immunohistochemistry for amidated gastrin, gastrin precursors (progastrin and glycine-extended gastrin) and gastrin/CCK-2 receptors. Their clinical histopathological significance was also analyzed. Of 38 ESCC, the immunoreactivities of gastrin, glycine-extended gastrin and progastrin were observed in 13.2% (5/38), 7.9% (3/38) and 23.68% (9/38) cases. The expression of progastrin was obviously higher than other gastrins, though not significantly (P > 0.05). In positive cases for gastrin or glycine-extended gastrin, the scores of positive tumor cell numbers were at a lower density (<10/abundant-distributed field). However, the scores of progastrin positive tumor cell density in five of nine positive cases were over 10/abundant-distributed field. The immunoreactivity of gastrin/CCK-2 receptor was also observed in 15.8% (6/38) ESCC cases. There was not significant correlation regarding immunohistochemical results with known histomorphological parameters i.e. gender, tumor location and TNM stages. Based on our current results, ESCC tumor cells could be a possible cellular source of gastrin precursors, which has been postulated to play a role in regulating the growth in some human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aping Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromso, Norway
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Cornelio DB, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G. Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor as a molecular target in experimental anticancer therapy. Ann Oncol 2007; 18:1457-66. [PMID: 17351255 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, several lines of experimental evidence have suggested that the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) may act as a growth factor in many types of cancer. For that reason, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonists have been developed as anticancer candidate compounds, exhibiting impressive antitumoral activity both in vitro and in vivo in various murine and human tumors. In this article, the GRPR cell surface expression profile in human malignancies is reviewed aiming at the identification of potential tumor types for future clinical trials with GRP analogues and antagonists. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the GRPR status in human malignancies. Source data were obtained by searching all published material available through Medline, PubMed and relevant articles from 1971 to 2006. The data available demonstrated a high expression of GRPRs in a large spectrum of human cancers, demonstrating the potential relevance of this intracellular signaling pathway in various human tumor models. The GRPR may be an interesting target for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies, as carriers for cytotoxins, immunotoxins or radioactive compounds, being also a potential tool for tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Cornelio
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Academic Hospital Research Center, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Hu W, Shen ZX. Advance of the relationship between esophageal cancer and cyclooxygenase-2. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1750-1753. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i15.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the arachidonate metabolism. COX-2, as one of the isoenzymes of COX, is responsible for the pathogenesis, development, metastasis and prognosis of carcinoma through various mechanisms. Esophageal cancer is one of the common cancers with high incidence and high mortality. It is reported that COX-2 plays important roles in it, through xenobiotic metabolism, inhibiting apoptosis, development of inflammation-stimulated hyperplasia and metaplasia, suppressing host immune responses, inducing angiogenesis and promoting infiltration and metastasis. Recently, some trials demonstrated that selective COX-2 inhibitors can inhibit COX-2 to prevent carcinogenesis. In this article, we reviewed the roles of COX-2 in the carcinogenesis and analyzed COX-2 inhibitors for the chemoprevention of esophageal cancer.
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Baumann Cornelio D, Meurer L, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Expression in Cervical Cancer. Oncology 2007; 73:340-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Chung JY, Braunschweig T, Hu N, Roth M, Traicoff JL, Wang QH, Knezevic V, Taylor PR, Hewitt SM. A Multiplex Tissue Immunoblotting Assay for Proteomic Profiling: A Pilot Study of the Normal to Tumor Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1403-8. [PMID: 16835344 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy for which the genetic and proteomic events are poorly understood. Studies have reported dysregulated proteins in esophageal carcinoma; however, the magnitude of these changes remains largely uncharacterized. Little is known about alterations early in the neoplastic pathway. Using multiplex tissue immunoblotting, we quantified the expression of seven proteins in esophageal carcinogenesis. Regions of normal, dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma of the squamous esophagus in six patients were characterized. Pan-cytokeratin (CK) was essentially unchanged across the transition (0.96 in dysplasia and 0.69 in tumor). Expression levels of annexin 1, CK-4, and CK-14 were all decreased in dysplasia and tumor compared with normal (reference, 1.00): annexin 1, 0.30 in dysplasia and 0.15 in tumor; CK-4, 0.20 in dysplasia and 0.16 in tumor; and CK-14, 0.54 in dysplasia and 0.40 in tumor. Expression of two proteins was increased in dysplasia and tumor versus normal: cyclooxygenase-2, 1.35 in dysplasia and 2.32 in tumor and p53, 1.29 in dysplasia and 2.37 in tumor. Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine, which is expressed in the adjacent stroma, was 1.56-fold higher in stroma underlying dysplasia and 6.20-fold increased in dysplastic stroma surrounding invasive tumor. These findings suggest that changes in protein expression can be detected during the transition to dysplasia and may be useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Yong Chung
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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