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Downham L, Rol ML, Forestier M, Romero P, Mendoza L, Mongelós P, Picconi MA, Colucci MC, Padin VM, Flores AP, Zúñiga M, Ferrera A, Cabrera Y, Crispín MF, Ramirez AT, Cele L, Diop-Ndiaye H, Samaté D, Manga P, Thiam FB, Rodriguez MI, DSouza JP, Nyaga VN, Diop M, Sebitloane M, Sánchez GI, Teran C, Calderon A, Wiesner C, Murillo R, Herrero R, Baena A, Almonte M. Field experience with the 8-HPV-type oncoprotein test for cervical cancer screening among HPV-positive women living with and without HIV in LMICs. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:816-827. [PMID: 38602045 PMCID: PMC11226355 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of HPV-oncoproteins E6 and E7 is necessary for HPV-driven cervical carcinogenesis. Hence, these oncoproteins are promising disease-specific biomarkers. We assessed the technical and operational characteristics of the 8-HPV-type OncoE6/E7 Cervical Test in different laboratories using cervical samples from HPV-positive women living with (WLWH) and without HIV. The 8-HPV-type OncoE6/E7 Test (for short: "OncoE6/E7 test") was performed in 2833 HIV-negative women and 241 WLWH attending multicentric studies in Latin America (ESTAMPA study), and in Africa (CESTA study). Oncoprotein positivity were evaluated at each testing site, according to HIV status as well as type-specific agreement with HPV-DNA results. A feedback questionnaire was given to the operators performing the oncoprotein test to evaluate their impression and acceptability regarding the test. The OncoE6/E7 test revealed a high positivity rate heterogeneity across all testing sites (I2: 95.8%, p < .01) with significant lower positivity in WLWH compared to HIV-negative women (12% vs 25%, p < .01). A similar HPV-type distribution was found between HPV DNA genotyping and oncoprotein testing except for HPV31 and 33 (moderate agreement, k = 0.57). Twenty-one laboratory technicians were trained on oncoprotein testing. Despite operators' concerns about the time-consuming procedure and perceived need for moderate laboratory experience, they reported the OncoE6/E7 test as easy to perform and user-friendly for deployment in resource-limited settings. The high positivity rate variability found across studies and subjectivity in test outcome interpretation could potentially results in oncoprotein false positive/negative, and thus the need for further refinements before implementation of the oncoprotein testing in screen-triage-and-treat approaches is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mary Luz Rol
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Forestier
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pilar Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Pamela Mongelós
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - María Celeste Colucci
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Mariel Padin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas-ANLIS Dr Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Flores
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Michael Zúñiga
- Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas (ACIB), Fundación Inciensa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica
| | - Annabelle Ferrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Yessy Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Marcela Farfan Crispín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Arianis Tatiana Ramirez
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Londiwe Cele
- University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Dianke Samaté
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Pascaline Manga
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Maria Isabel Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Jyoshma P. DSouza
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Nyawira Nyaga
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | | | - Carolina Teran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Raul Murillo
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Downham L, Jaafar I, Rol ML, Nyawira Nyaga V, Valls J, Baena A, Zhang L, Gunter MJ, Arbyn M, Almonte M. Accuracy of HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein tests to detect high-grade cervical lesions: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:517-525. [PMID: 37973957 PMCID: PMC10876647 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical carcinogenesis is mediated by the HPV-E6 and E7 oncoproteins, considered as biomarkers usable in managing screen-positive women. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the accuracy of HPV-E6/E7-oncoprotein tests to detect underlying cervical-precancer and cancer. We included studies reporting data on oncoprotein test accuracy detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse. Random effects logistic regression models were applied for pooling absolute and relative accuracy. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. Sensitivity and specificity estimates ranged from 54.2% (95%CI: 45.2-63.0) to 69.5% (95%CI:60.8-76.9) and from 82.8% (95%CI: 50.4-95.8) to 99.1 (95%CI: 98.8-99.3), respectively in the population irrespective of HPV status. Higher sensitivity estimates ranging from 60.8% (95%CI: 49.6-70.9) to 75.5% (95%CI: 71.7-78.9) but lower specificity estimates ranging from 83.7% (95%CI: 76.1-89.3) to 92.1% (95%CI: 88.5-94.6) were observed in studies enrolling high-risk-HPV-positive women. Studies recruiting only HIV-positive women showed a pooled sensitivity of 46.9% (95%CI: 30.6-63.9) with a specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 96.8-98.7). CONCLUSIONS The high specificity of oncoprotein tests supports its use for triaging HPV-positive women. However, oncoprotein-negative women would not be recommended to undertake routine screening, requiring further follow-up. Large-scale and longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate the role of E6/E7-oncoprotein detection in predicting the risk of developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Downham
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Iman Jaafar
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mary Luz Rol
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Nyawira Nyaga
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joan Valls
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando Baena
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Li Zhang
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maribel Almonte
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, World Health Organisation, Geneva, France
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Abjaude W, Prati B, Munford V, Montenegro A, Lino V, Herbster S, Rabachini T, Termini L, Menck CFM, Boccardo E. ATM Pathway Is Essential for HPV-Positive Human Cervical Cancer-Derived Cell Lines Viability and Proliferation. Pathogens 2022; 11:637. [PMID: 35745491 PMCID: PMC9228918 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with some mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types is the etiological cause of cervical cancer and of a significant fraction of vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck carcinomas. DNA repair machinery is essential for both HPV replication and tumor cells survival suggesting that cellular DNA repair machinery may play a dual role in HPV biology and pathogenesis. Here, we silenced genes involved in DNA Repair pathways to identify genes that are essential for the survival of HPV-transformed cells. We identified that inhibition of the ATM/CHK2/BRCA1 axis selectively affects the proliferation of cervical cancer-derived cell lines, without altering normal primary human keratinocytes (PHK) growth. Silencing or chemical inhibition of ATM/CHK2 reduced the clonogenic and proliferative capacity of cervical cancer-derived cells. Using PHK transduced with HPV16 oncogenes we observed that the effect of ATM/CHK2 silencing depends on the expression of the oncogene E6 and on its ability to induce p53 degradation. Our results show that inhibition of components of the ATM/CHK2 signaling axis reduces p53-deficient cells proliferation potential, suggesting the existence of a synthetic lethal association between CHK2 and p53. Altogether, we present evidence that synthetic lethality using ATM/CHK2 inhibitors can be exploited to treat cervical cancer and other HPV-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walason Abjaude
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Bruna Prati
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Laboratory of DNA Repair, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.M.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Aline Montenegro
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Vanesca Lino
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Suellen Herbster
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Tatiana Rabachini
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-000, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Laboratory of DNA Repair, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (V.M.); (C.F.M.M.)
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (W.A.); (B.P.); (A.M.); (V.L.); (S.H.)
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Morale MG, Tamura RE, Cintra R, Araújo NM, Villa LL. TLR4 and SARM1 modulate survival and chemoresistance in an HPV-positive cervical cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6714. [PMID: 35468924 PMCID: PMC9039070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus is responsible for a wide range of mucosal lesions and tumors. The immune system participate in tumorigenesis in different ways. For example, signaling pathways triggered by Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a role in chemotherapy resistance in several tumor types and are candidates for contributing to the development of HPV-induced tumors. Here, we studied the receptor TLR4 and the adaptor molecule SARM1 in HeLa cells, an HPV-positive cervical cancer cell line. Knocking out of these genes individually proved to be important for maintaining cell viability and proliferation. TLR4 knock out cells were more sensitive to cisplatin treatment, which was illustrated by an increased frequency of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, TLR4 and SARM1 modulated ROS production, which was induced by cell death in response to cisplatin. In conclusion, TLR4 and SARM1 are important for therapy resistance and cervical cancer cell viability and may be relevant clinical targets.
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E6/E7 Functional Differences among Two Natural Human Papillomavirus 18 Variants in Human Keratinocytes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061114. [PMID: 34200583 PMCID: PMC8228617 DOI: 10.3390/v13061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that HPV-18 variants from the A lineage have higher oncogenic potential compared to B variants. Some studies show uneven distribution of HPV-18 variants in cervical adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Regarding HPV-18 variants’ functions, the few studies reported focus on E6, and none were performed using natural host cells. Here, we immortalized primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) with E6/E7 of HPV-18 A1 and B1 sublineages and functionally characterized these cells. PHK18A1 reached immortalization significantly faster than PHK18B1 and formed a higher number of colonies in monolayer and 3D cultures. Moreover, PHK18A1 showed greater invasion ability and higher resistance to apoptosis induced by actinomycin-D. Nevertheless, no differences were observed regarding morphology, proliferation after immortalization, migration, or epithelial development in raft cultures. Noteworthy, our study highlights qualitative differences among HPV-18 A1 and B1 immortalized PHKs: in contrast to PHK18A1, which formed more compact colonies and spheroids of firmly grouped cells and tended to invade and migrate as clustered cells, morphologically, PHK18B1 colonies and spheroids were looser, and migration and invasion of single cells were observed. Although these observations may be relevant for the association of these variants with cervical cancer of different histological subtypes, further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind these findings.
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Longatto-Filho A, Fregnani JH, Mafra da Costa A, de Araujo-Souza PS, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Herbster S, Boccardo E, Termini L. Evaluation of Elafin Immunohistochemical Expression as Marker of Cervical Cancer Severity. Acta Cytol 2020; 65:165-174. [PMID: 33271565 DOI: 10.1159/000512010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main risk factor for the development of cervical cancer (CC) is persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenic types. In order to persist, HPV exhibits a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms. PI3/Elafin (Peptidase Inhibitor 3) is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor involved in epithelial protection against pathogens. PI3/Elafin's role in CC is still poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we addressed PI3/Elafin protein detection in 123 CC samples by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression in several datasets available at Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas platforms. RESULTS We observed that PI3/Elafin is consistently downregulated in CC samples when compared to normal tissue. Most of PI3/Elafin-positive samples exhibited this protein at the plasma membrane. Besides, high PI3/Elafin expression at the cellular membrane was more frequent in in situ stages I + II than in invasive cervical tumor stages III + IV. This indicates that PI3/Elafin expression is gradually lost during the CC progression. Of note, advanced stages of CC were more frequently associated with a more intense PI3/Elafin reaction in the nuclei and cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PI3/Elafin levels and subcellular localization may be used as a biomarker for CC severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's, Braga, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Allini Mafra da Costa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Savio de Araujo-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Brazil
- Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics (GeneOne), DASA Laboratories, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Herbster
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Bonfim CMD, Monteleoni LF, Calmon MDF, Cândido NM, Provazzi PJS, Lino VDS, Rabachini T, Sichero L, Villa LL, Quintana SM, Melli PPDS, Primo FL, Amantino CF, Tedesco AC, Boccardo E, Rahal P. Antiviral activity of curcumin-nanoemulsion associated with photodynamic therapy in vulvar cell lines transducing different variants of HPV-16. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:515-524. [PMID: 32048523 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1725023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound with antineoplastic properties. The use of nanoparticles containing curcumin could allow a better performance of this compound in therapies. So, VIN biopsies were collected and HPV DNA detection was performed by PCR, positive samples were genotyped by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and HPV-16 variants were determined by sequencing. HPV-16 positive vulva carcinoma cells (A431) were transduced with E-P and E-350G HPV-16 E6 variants. The viability of the transduced cells treated with nanoemulsions was determined by MTT assay. Besides, apoptosis was evaluated by enzymatic activity of Caspase-3/7. The cell viability assay showed that both the empty nanoemulsion (NE-V) and the nanoemulsion of curcumin (NE-CUR) had little effect on cell viability as compared to control cells. Additionally, we observed that cells irradiated in the presence of NE-CUR presented 90% of cell death. The apoptosis assay further revealed a significant increase in the activity of caspases 3 and 7 in A431 cells expressing both HPV-16 E6 variants after treatment with NE-CUR. Finally, we submitted the HPV transduced A431 cells to organotypic cultures and observed that the combination of treatments affected tissue architecture with evident signals of tissue damage. We concluded that nanoemulsions attain good biocompatibility, since no cytotoxicity was observed and NE-CUR associated with photoactivation showed promising results, leading to death only in cells subjected to irradiation. This drug delivery system associated with photodynamic therapy may become promising in the treatment of vulva lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natália Maria Cândido
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanesca de Souza Lino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Sichero
- ICESP, Center for Translational Research in Oncology- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- ICESP, Center for Translational Research in Oncology- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departament of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Quintana
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Lucas Primo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Amantino
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genomic Studies, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cruvinel E, Ogusuku I, Cerioni R, Rodrigues S, Gonçalves J, Góes ME, Alvim JM, Silva AC, Lino VDS, Boccardo E, Goulart E, Pereira A, Dariolli R, Valadares M, Biagi D. Long-term single-cell passaging of human iPSC fully supports pluripotency and high-efficient trilineage differentiation capacity. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120966456. [PMID: 33149912 PMCID: PMC7586033 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120966456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To establish a straightforward single-cell passaging cultivation method that enables high-quality maintenance of human induced pluripotent stem cells without the appearance of karyotypic abnormalities or loss of pluripotency. Methods: Cells were kept in culture for over 50 passages, following a structured chronogram of passage and monitoring cell growth by population doubling time calculation and cell confluence. Standard procedures for human induced pluripotent stem cells monitoring as embryonic body formation, karyotyping and pluripotency markers expression were evaluated in order to assess the cellular state in long-term culture. Cells that underwent these tests were then subjected to differentiation into keratinocytes, cardiomyocytes and definitive endoderm to evaluate its differentiation capacity. Results: Human induced pluripotent stem cells clones maintained its pluripotent capability as well as chromosomal integrity and were able to generate derivatives from the three germ layers at high passages by embryoid body formation and high-efficient direct differentiation into keratinocytes, cardiomyocytes and definitive endoderm. Conclusions: Our findings support the routine of human induced pluripotent stem cells single-cell passaging as a reliable procedure even after long-term cultivation, providing healthy human induced pluripotent stem cells to be used in drug discovery, toxicity, and disease modeling as well as for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Elisa Góes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanesca de Souza Lino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Pereira
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- PluriCell Biotech, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Hua C, Zhu J, Zhang B, Sun S, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Digital RNA Sequencing of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Carrying Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7. Front Genet 2020; 11:819. [PMID: 32849815 PMCID: PMC7419603 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the predominant cause of cervical cancer and its early gene E7 plays an important role in cellular proliferation and cell-cycle progression. While tremendous progress has been made in exploring the molecular mechanisms in late tumorigenesis, many pathways showing how HPV deregulates host gene expression in early inapparent infections and early tumorigenesis still remain undefined. Digital RNA sequencing was performed and a total of 195 differentially expressed genes were identified between the HPV16 E7-transfected NHEKs and control cells (p < 0.05, fold-change > 2). GO enrichment showed that HPV16 E7 primarily affected processes involved in anti-viral and immune responses, while KEGG pathway analysis showed enrichment of gene clusters of associated with HPV infection and MAPK signaling. Of the differentially expressed genes, IFI6, SLC39A9 and ZNF185 showed a strong correlation with tumor progression and patient survival in the OncoLnc database while roles for AKAP12 and DUSP5 in carcinogenesis and poor prognosis have previously been established for other cancer types. Our study identified several novel HPV16 E7-regulated candidate genes with putative functions in tumorigenesis, thus providing new insights into HPV persistence in keratinocytes and early onset of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Prati B, da Silva Abjaude W, Termini L, Morale M, Herbster S, Longatto-Filho A, Nunes RAL, Córdoba Camacho LC, Rabelo-Santos SH, Zeferino LC, Aguayo F, Boccardo E. Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression correlates with cervical cancer cells growth in vitro and disease progression in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:351. [PMID: 30674977 PMCID: PMC6344518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in specific DNA damage repair mechanisms in the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been described in different experimental models. However, the global effect of HPV on the expression of genes involved in these pathways has not been analyzed in detail. In the present study, we compared the expression profile of 135 genes involved in DNA damage repair among primary human keratinocytes (PHK), HPV-positive (SiHa and HeLa) and HPV-negative (C33A) cervical cancer derived cell lines. We identified 9 genes which expression pattern distinguishes HPV-positive tumor cell lines from C33A. Moreover, we observed that Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression is upregulated exclusively in HPV-transformed cell lines and PHK expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes. We demonstrated that TREX1 silencing greatly affects tumor cells clonogenic and anchorage independent growth potential. We showed that this effect is associated with p53 upregulation, accumulation of subG1 cells, and requires the expression of E7 from high-risk HPV types. Finally, we observed an increase in TREX1 levels in precancerous lesions, squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas clinical samples. Altogether, our results indicate that TREX1 upregulation is important for cervical tumor cells growth and may contribute with tumor establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Prati
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walason da Silva Abjaude
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Termini
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Morale
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suellen Herbster
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM 14), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USP, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Almeida Lima Nunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lizeth Carolina Córdoba Camacho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, ICESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Zeferino
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Alexander Fleming 101, 13083-881, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Basic and Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1374, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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HPV-Mediated Resistance to TNF and TRAIL Is Characterized by Global Alterations in Apoptosis Regulatory Factors, Dysregulation of Death Receptors, and Induction of ROS/RNS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010198. [PMID: 30625987 PMCID: PMC6337392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) is the main risk factor for the development of invasive cervical cancer although is not sufficient to cause cervical cancer. Several host and environmental factors play a key role in cancer initiation/progression, including cytokines and other immune-response mediators. Here, we characterized the response to the individual and combined action of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on HPV-transformed cells and human keratinocytes ectopically expressing E6 and E7 early proteins from different HPV types. We showed that keratinocytes expressing HPV early proteins exhibited global alterations in the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis regulation/execution, including TNF and TRAIL receptors. Besides, we provided evidence that TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) was down-regulated and may be retained in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes expressing HPV16 oncoproteins. Finally, fluorescence analysis demonstrated that cytokine treatment induced the production and release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in cells expressing HPV oncogenes. Alterations in ROS/RNS production and apoptosis regulatory factors expression in response to inflammatory mediators may favor the accumulation of genetic alterations in HPV-infected cells. Altogether, our results suggested that these events may contribute to lesion progression and cancer onset.
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Das CR, Tiwari D, Dongre A, Khan MA, Husain SA, Sarma A, Bose S, Bose PD. Deregulated TNF-Alpha Levels Along with HPV Genotype 16 Infection Are Associated with Pathogenesis of Cervical Neoplasia in Northeast Indian Patients. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:282-291. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Ray Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Diptika Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anita Dongre
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Anirudha Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandu College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Purabi Deka Bose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Rabachini T, Boccardo E, Andrade R, Perez KR, Nonogaki S, Cuccovia IM, Villa LL. HPV-16 E7 expression up-regulates phospholipase D activity and promotes rapamycin resistance in a pRB-dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:485. [PMID: 29703186 PMCID: PMC5923196 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main risk factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. HPV-16 E6 and E7 expression is essential for induction and maintenance of the transformed phenotype. These oncoproteins interfere with the function of several intracellular proteins, including those controlling the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in which Phospolipase D (PLD) and Phosphatidic acid (PA) play a critical role. Methods PLD activity was measured in primary human keratinocytes transduced with retroviruses expressing HPV-16 E6, E7 or E7 mutants. The cytostatic effect of rapamycin, a well-known mTOR inhibitor with potential clinical applications, was evaluated in monolayer and organotypic cultures. Results HPV-16 E7 expression in primary human keratinocytes leads to an increase in PLD expression and activity. Moreover, this activation is dependent on the ability of HPV-16 E7 to induce retinoblastoma protein (pRb) degradation. We also show that cells expressing HPV-16 E7 or silenced for pRb acquire resistance to the antiproliferative effect of rapamycin. Conclusion This is the first indication that HPV oncoproteins can affect PLD activity. Since PA can interfere with the ability of rapamycin to bind mTOR, the use of combined strategies to target mTOR and PLD activity might be considered to treat HPV-related malignancies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4392-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rabachini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Andrade
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina Perez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Nonogaki
- Centro de Patologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Midea Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research - Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Santos C, Vilanova M, Medeiros R, Gil da Costa RM. HPV-transgenic mouse models: Tools for studying the cancer-associated immune response. Virus Res 2017; 235:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Association between Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor immunological pathways in uterine cervical neoplasms. TUMORI JOURNAL 2016; 103:81-86. [PMID: 28009429 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system plays a critical role in the defense against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its persistence. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane receptors responsible for activation of the innate immune response, and an association between TLR expression and uterine cervical cancer has been shown. Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are among the main mediators of skin and mucosa inflammation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between TLR and TNF immune expression and cervical cancer and premalignant cervical lesions. METHODS A total of 64 embedded tissues were obtained from gynecological procedures, including 35 specimens with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 10 specimens with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) as well as 19 normal cervical samples. The expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TNF-α and TNF-β was measured by immunohistochemistry and graded into low and high levels of expression. RESULTS There was an association between the expression levels of TLR2 and those of TNF-α and TNF-β (p = 0.01 and p = 0.021, respectively) in the cervical cancer and CIN groups. TLR4 expression was associated with TNF-α and TNF-β expression (p = 0.016 and p = 0.025, respectively) in these 2 groups. By contrast, TLR3 was not statistically associated with TNF-α or TNF-β in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS There might be an association of the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways with the immunological response of TNF-α and TNF-β in cervical cancer. These markers are also expressed at higher levels in cervical cancer and premalignant lesions compared to normal controls.
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Calmon MF, Sichero L, Boccardo E, Villa LL, Rahal P. HPV16 E6 regulates annexin 1 (ANXA1) protein expression in cervical carcinoma cell lines. Virology 2016; 496:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Valdano MB, Cavatorta AL, Morale MG, Marziali F, de Souza Lino V, Steenbergen RDM, Boccardo E, Gardiol D. Disc large 1 expression is altered by human papillomavirus E6/E7 proteins in organotypic cultures of human keratinocytes. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:453-462. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bugnon Valdano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A. L. Cavatorta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M. G. Morale
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. Marziali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
| | - V. de Souza Lino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. D. M. Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Boccardo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D. Gardiol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario – CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina
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IFI44 suppresses HIV-1 LTR promoter activity and facilitates its latency. Virology 2015; 481:142-50. [PMID: 25776761 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IFI44 is an interferon-alfa inducible protein, and is associated with infection of several viruses. However, IFI44 elicits minimal antiviral effects on these viruses, and its exact role is still unknown. Here we show that IFI44 inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro. Through depletion of endogenous IFI44 or overexpression of IFI44 we confirm that IFI44 suppresses HIV-1 LTR promoter activity and affects viral transcription. Furthermore, we find that IFI44 localizes to nuclei and binds to the HIV-1 LTR promoter in HIV-1 infected cells. Removing suppression of HIV-1 transcription benefits reactivation of HIV-1 proviruses for purging latent reservoirs. We demonstrate that depletion of endogenous IFI44 in J-LAT cells induces reactivation of latent HIV-1. Based on these results, we propose a model in which IFI44 is recruited to the HIV-1 LTR, which may suppress viral transcription and prevent reactivation of latent HIV-1. Our study suggests a previously unrecognized anti-HIV phenomenon for interferon-stimulated proteins.
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Habbous S, Pang V, Xu W, Amir E, Liu G. Human papillomavirus and host genetic polymorphisms in carcinogenesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:220-9. [PMID: 25174543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenesis continues to rise, the role of genetic factors that modify this risk have become increasingly important. In this study, we reviewed the literature for associations between polymorphisms and HPV in carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To identify any associations of genetic polymorphisms with oncogenic HPV in carcinogenesis and to evaluate the methodology used. STUDY DESIGN Systematic literature review of HPV, genetic polymorphisms, and cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR), interaction terms, and p-values were tabulated. Meta-analyses and measures of heterogeneity were estimated using RevMan 5.1. RESULTS The cervix was the most frequently studied cancer site followed by the head and neck. Overall risk of cancer (cancer vs. control) was the most common comparison, whereas reports of initiation (pre-cancer vs. control) and progression (cancer vs. pre-cancer) were rare. Case-series and joint-effect of HPV and genotype on risk was evaluated frequently, but the independent effect of either risk factor alone was rarely provided. P53-Arg72Pro was the most commonly studied polymorphism studied. No consistent interaction was detected by meta-analysis in the HPV(+) [OR 0.98 (0.55-1.76)] or the HPV(-) [OR 1.10 (0.76-1.60)] subsets in head and neck cancer risk. Polymorphisms in genes known to encode proteins that physically interact with HPV were infrequently studied. CONCLUSION No consistent polymorphism-HPV interactions were observed. Study design, choice of candidate polymorphisms/genes, and a focus on overall risk rather than any specific portions of the carcinogenic pathway may have contributed to lack of significant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Habbous
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Vincent Pang
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Wei Xu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Eitan Amir
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Medicine and Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada M5G 2M9.
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Villacis RAR, Silveira SM, Barros-Filho MC, Marchi FA, Domingues MAC, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Aguiar S, Lopes A, Cunha IW, Rogatto SR. Gene expression profiling in leiomyosarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas: SRC as a new diagnostic marker. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102281. [PMID: 25028927 PMCID: PMC4100821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) and high-grade Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are soft tissue tumors with an aggressive clinical behavior, frequently developing local recurrence and distant metastases. Despite several gene expression studies involving soft tissue sarcomas, the potential to identify molecular markers has been limited, mostly due to small sample size, in-group heterogeneity and absence of detailed clinical data. Materials and Methods Gene expression profiling was performed for 22 LMS and 22 UPS obtained from untreated patients. To assess the relevance of the gene signature, a meta-analysis was performed using five published studies. Four genes (BAD, MYOCD, SRF and SRC) selected from the gene signature, meta-analysis and functional in silico analysis were further validated by quantitative PCR. In addition, protein-protein interaction analysis was applied to validate the data. SRC protein immunolabeling was assessed in 38 UPS and 52 LMS. Results We identified 587 differentially expressed genes between LMS and UPS, of which 193 corroborated with other studies. Cluster analysis of the data failed to discriminate LMS from UPS, although it did reveal a distinct molecular profile for retroperitoneal LMS, which was characterized by the over-expression of smooth muscle-specific genes. Significantly higher levels of expression for BAD, SRC, SRF, and MYOCD were confirmed in LMS when compared with UPS. SRC was the most value discriminator to distinguish both sarcomas and presented the highest number of interaction in the in silico protein-protein analysis. SRC protein labeling showed high specificity and a positive predictive value therefore making it a candidate for use as a diagnostic marker in LMS. Conclusions Retroperitoneal LMS presented a unique gene signature. SRC is a putative diagnostic marker to differentiate LMS from UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A. R. Villacis
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara M. Silveira
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus C. Barros-Filho
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Marchi
- Inter-Institutional Grad Program on Bioinformatics, Mathematics and Statistics Institute, USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. C. Domingues
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Aguiar
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ademar Lopes
- Department of Pelvic Surgery, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela W. Cunha
- Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. Rogatto
- Neogene Laboratory, Research Center (CIPE), A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bellaud G, Gheit T, Pugin A, Prétet JL, Tommasino M, Mougin C, Aubin F. Prevalence of human Papillomavirus DNA in eyebrow hairs plucked from patients with psoriasis treated with TNF inhibitors. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:1816-20. [PMID: 24206262 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of infections and with a still debatable risk of skin cancer. Furthermore, cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may be involved in skin cancer. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to assess the HPV DNA prevalence in psoriasis patients treated with TNF inhibitors and the secondary objective was to assess the same parameter before and during treatment. METHODS Plucked eyebrow hairs were collected from 151 consecutive patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis, including 48 patients treated with anti-TNF-α agents, 21 patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) and 82 patients with no previous systemic treatment. Among them, 38 patients were subsequently treated with either MTX or anti-TNF-α agents. HPV genotyping was performed using the HPV type-specific E7 PCR bead-based multiplex allowing the detection of 27 genus-α types, 25 genus-β types, 16 genus-γ types and one single genus-μ type. Follow-up provided a total of 972.7 person-months of overall exposure for patients treated with TNF inhibitors and 326.9 person-months for patients treated with MTX. RESULTS Our data confirm the high prevalence of β-HPV infection in healthy skin of psoriasis patients (68.9%), with no significant difference between untreated patients (64.6%), patients treated with MTX (76.2%) and patients treated with anti-TNF-α agents (72.9%). The mean number of different HPV types and the distribution of HPV types were similar in different groups of patients. Moreover, in prospectively treated patients, we did not observe any change in the HPV DNA prevalence in the distribution of HPV types and the number of HPV types after a mean duration of treatment of 332 ± 39.8 days. CONCLUSION Despite the small number of patients in our cohort, our results are quite encouraging in view of the increased use of anti-TNF-α agents in different auto inflammatory immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bellaud
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
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Abstract
E7 is an accessory protein that is not encoded by all papillomaviruses. The E7 amino terminus contains two regions of similarity to conserved regions 1 and 2 of the adenovirus E1A protein, which are also conserved in the simian vacuolating virus 40 large tumor antigen. The E7 carboxyl terminus consists of a zinc-binding motif, which is related to similar motifs in E6 proteins. E7 proteins play a central role in the human papillomavirus life cycle, reprogramming the cellular environment to be conducive to viral replication. E7 proteins encoded by the cancer-associated alpha human papillomaviruses have potent transforming activities, which together with E6, are necessary but not sufficient to render their host squamous epithelial cell tumorigenic. This article strives to provide a comprehensive summary of the published research studies on human papillomavirus E7 proteins.
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Oh JE, Kim JO, Shin JY, Zhang XH, Won HS, Chun SH, Jung CK, Park WS, Nam SW, Eun JW, Kang JH. Molecular genetic characterization of p53 mutated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells transformed with human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogenes. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:383-93. [PMID: 23708675 PMCID: PMC3775581 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer show better tumor response to radiation or chemotherapy than patients with HPV-negative cancer. HPV oncoprotein E6 binds and degrades a typically wild-type p53 protein product. However, HPV16 infection and p53 mutation infrequently coexist in a subset of HNSCCs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms through which tumor biology and molecular genetic mechanisms change when two HPV-negative, p53-mutated oropharyngeal cell lines (YD8, non-disruptive p53 mutation; YD10B, disruptive p53 mutation) derived from patients with a history of heavy smoking are transfected with HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes in vitro. Transfection with HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes in YD8, reduced the abundance of proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes, such as p-p53 and p-Rb. Cell proliferative activity was increased in the cells transfected with E6E7 compared to cells transfected with vector alone (P=0.09), whereas the invasiveness of E6E7-transfected cells was significantly reduced (P=0.02). cDNA microarray of the transfected cells with E6E7 showed significant changes in mRNA expression in several signaling pathways, including focal adhesion, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cell cycle and p53 signaling pathway. Regarding the qPCR array for the p53 signaling pathway, the mRNA expression of STAT1 was remarkably upregulated by 6.47-fold (P<0.05); in contrast, IGF-1R was significantly downregulated by 2.40-fold in the YD8-vector compared toYD8-E6E7 (P<0.01). Finally, data collected from these two array experiments enabled us to select two genes, STAT1 and IGF-1R, for further study. In immunohistochemical study, nuclear STAT1 expression was slightly higher in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative oropharyngeal tumors (P=0.18); however, cytoplasmic STAT1 was significantly lower in HPV-positive cases (P=0.03). IGF-1R expression levels were remarkably lower in HPV-positive compared to HPV-negative cases (P=0.01). Our data suggest that upregulated STAT1 and interferon signals by HPV16 E6 and E7 genes may play a major role in the relatively favorable prognosis for HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases with non-disruptive p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Oh
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Research Institutes of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Infliximab on the UVB-Induced Apoptosis of Keratinocytes Infected by HPV38 E6/E7. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:907189. [PMID: 23533798 PMCID: PMC3596906 DOI: 10.1155/2013/907189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The question of the effect of anti-TNF-alpha in skin carcinogenesis is especially relevant in view of the increased use of these drugs for the treatment of autoinflammatory immune diseases. Since ultraviolet radiation and human papillomavirus are involved in skin carcinogenesis, we wished to investigate the effect of TNF-alpha antagonists on the UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes infected by HPV38. Our results indicate that anti-TNF agent, infliximab, does not contribute to the survival of HPV38-transduced keratinocytes with UVB-induced DNA damages.
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Kaczkowski B, Morevati M, Rossing M, Cilius F, Norrild B. A Decade of Global mRNA and miRNA Profiling of HPV-Positive Cell Lines and Clinical Specimens. Open Virol J 2012; 6:216-31. [PMID: 23341857 PMCID: PMC3547333 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, global gene expression profiling has been extensively used to elucidate the biology of human papillomaviruses (HPV) and their role in cervical- and head-and-neck cancers. Since 2008, the expression profiling of miRNAs has been reported in multiple HPV studies. Two major strategies have been employed in the gene and miRNA profiling studies: In the first approach, HPV positive tumors were compared to normal tissues or to HPV negative tumors. The second strategy relied on analysis of cell cultures transfected with single HPV oncogenes or with HPV genomes compared to untransfected cells considered as models for the development of premalignant and malignant transformations.In this review, we summarize what we have learned from a decade of global expression profiling studies. We performed comprehensive analysis of the overlap of the lists of differentially expressed genes and microRNAs, in both tissue samples and cell culture based studies. The review focuses mainly on HPV16, however reports from other HPV species are used as references. We discuss the low degree of consensus among different studies and the limitation of differential expression analysis as well as the fragmented miRNA-mRNA target correlation evidence. Furthermore, we propose an approach for future research to include more comprehensive miRNA-mRNA target correlation analysis and to apply systems biology/gene networks methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Kaczkowski
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kaczkowski B, Rossing M, Andersen DK, Dreher A, Morevati M, Visser MA, Winther O, Nielsen FC, Norrild B. Integrative analyses reveal novel strategies in HPV11,-16 and -45 early infection. Sci Rep 2012; 2:515. [PMID: 22808421 PMCID: PMC3398386 DOI: 10.1038/srep00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human papillomavirus (HPV) and host cells is not well understood. We investigate the early stage of HPV infections by global expression profiling in a cell model, in which HaCaT cells were transfected with HPV11, HPV16 or HPV45 genomes. We report the differential expression of genes not previously implicated in HPV biology, such as the PSG family and ANKRD1, and of genes implicated in the biology of other viruses, e.g. MX1, IFI44 and DDX60. Carcinogenesis-related genes, e.g. ABL2, MGLL and CYR61, were upregulated by high-risk HPV16 and -45. The integrative analysis revealed the suppression of DNA repair by HPV11 and -16, and downregulation of cytoskeleton genes by all HPV types. Various signalling pathways were affected by the HPVs: IL-2 by HPV11; JAK-STAT by HPV16; and TGF-β, NOTCH and tyrosine kinase signalling by HPV45. This study uncovered novel strategies employed by HPV to establish infection and promote uncontrolled growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Kaczkowski
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte K. Andersen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Dreher
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa A. Visser
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Winther
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Norrild
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Virology and molecular pathogenesis of HPV (human papillomavirus)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem J 2012; 443:339-53. [PMID: 22452816 DOI: 10.1042/bj20112017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The current literature fully supports HPV (human papillomavirus)-associated OPSCC (oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) as a unique clinical entity. It affects an unambiguous patient population with defined risk factors, has a genetic expression pattern more similar to cervical squamous cell carcinoma than non-HPV-associated HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), and may warrant divergent clinical management compared with HNSCC associated with traditional risk factors. However, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving these differences and the ability to exploit this knowledge to improve clinical management of OPSCC has not yet come to fruition. The present review summarizes the aetiology of HPV-positive (HPV+) OPSCC and provides a detailed overview of HPV virology and molecular pathogenesis relevant to infection of oropharyngeal tissues. Methods of detection and differential gene expression analyses are also summarized. Future research into mechanisms that mediate tropism of HPV to oropharyngeal tissues, improved detection strategies and the pathophysiological significance of altered gene and microRNA expression profiles is warranted.
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Villota C, Campos A, Vidaurre S, Oliveira-Cruz L, Boccardo E, Burzio VA, Varas M, Villegas J, Villa LL, Valenzuela PDT, Socías M, Roberts S, Burzio LO. Expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is modulated by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:21303-15. [PMID: 22539350 PMCID: PMC3375551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.326694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of RNA and DNA oncogenic viruses has proved invaluable in the discovery of key cellular pathways that are rendered dysfunctional during cancer progression. An example is high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), the etiological agent of cervical cancer. The role of HPV oncogenes in cellular immortalization and transformation has been extensively investigated. We reported the differential expression of a family of human mitochondrial non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) between normal and cancer cells. Normal cells express a sense mitochondrial ncRNA (SncmtRNA) that seems to be required for cell proliferation and two antisense transcripts (ASncmtRNAs). In contrast, the ASncmtRNAs are down-regulated in cancer cells. To shed some light on the mechanisms that trigger down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs, we studied human keratinocytes (HFK) immortalized with HPV. Here we show that immortalization of HFK with HPV-16 or 18 causes down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs and induces the expression of a new sense transcript named SncmtRNA-2. Transduction of HFK with both E6 and E7 is sufficient to induce expression of SncmtRNA-2. Moreover, E2 oncogene is involved in down-regulation of the ASncmtRNAs. Knockdown of E2 in immortalized cells reestablishes in a reversible manner the expression of the ASncmtRNAs, suggesting that endogenous cellular factors(s) could play functions analogous to E2 during non-HPV-induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Villota
- Andes Biotechnologies SA, Fundación Ciencia para la Vida, Zanartu 1482 7782272, Chile.
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Frazer IH, Leggatt GR, Mattarollo SR. Prevention and treatment of papillomavirus-related cancers through immunization. Annu Rev Immunol 2011; 29:111-38. [PMID: 21166538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cervical and other anogenital cancers are initiated by infection with one of a small group of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Virus-like particle-based vaccines have recently been developed to prevent infection with two cancer-associated HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18) and have been ∼95% effective at preventing HPV-associated disease caused by these genotypes in virus-naive subjects. Although immunization induces virus-neutralizing antibody sufficient to prevent infection, persistence of antibody as measured by current assays does not appear necessary to maintain protection over time. Investigators have not identified a reliable surrogate immunological marker of protection against disease following immunization. The prophylactic vaccines are not therapeutic for existing infection. Trials of HPV-specific immunotherapy have shown some efficacy for existing disease, although animal modeling suggests that a combination of immunization and local enhancement of innate immunity may be necessary for optimal therapeutic outcome. HPV prophylactic vaccines are the first vaccines designed to prevent a human cancer and are the practical outcome of a global collaborative effort between basic and applied scientists, clinicians, and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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30
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Saha A, Kaul R, Murakami M, Robertson ES. Tumor viruses and cancer biology: Modulating signaling pathways for therapeutic intervention. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:961-78. [PMID: 21084867 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.10.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor viruses have provided relatively simple genetic systems, which can be manipulated for understanding the molecular mechanisms of the cellular transformation process. A growing body of information in the tumor virology field provides several prospects for rationally targeted therapies. However, further research is needed to better understand the multiple mechanisms utilized by these viruses in cancer progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Initially viruses were believed to be associated with cancers as causative agents only in animals. It was almost half a century before the first human tumor virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), was identified in 1964. Subsequently, several human tumor viruses have been identified including Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human Papillomaviruses (HPV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) and recently identified Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV). Tumor viruses are sub-categorized as either DNA viruses, which include EBV, KSHV, HPV, HBV, and MCPyV, or RNA viruses such as HCV and HTLV-1. Tumor-viruses induce oncogenesis through manipulating an array of different cellular pathways. These viruses initiate a series of cellular events, which lead to immortalization and proliferation of the infected cells by disrupting the mitotic checkpoint upon infection of the host cell. This is often accomplished by functional inhibition or proteasomal degradation of many tumor suppressor proteins by virally encoded gene products. The virally infected cells can either be eliminated via cell-mediated apoptosis or persist in a state of chronic infection. Importantly, the chronic persistence of infection by tumor viruses can lead to oncogenesis. This review discusses the major human tumor associated viruses and their ability to modulate numerous cell signaling pathways, which can be targeted for potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Virology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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31
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Boccardo E, Lepique AP, Villa LL. The role of inflammation in HPV carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1905-12. [PMID: 20819779 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and disease is complex since it involves responses capable of preventing initial infections, clearing those ongoing as well as promoting persistence and progression of associated lesions. Avoiding the immune response has been considered a key aspect of HPV persistence which is the main factor leading to HPV-related neoplasia. HPVs have evolved different ways of targeting immune signaling pathways. Moreover, host inflammatory response may promote lesion progression and affect tumor fate by diverse mechanisms including the direct participation of inflammatory cells. In this review, we discuss the interplay between HPV oncogenic proteins and an array of inflammatory responses that ultimately may lead to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Boccardo
- Virology Group, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Rua João Julião 245, São Paulo, Brazil
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