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Gomes V, Simón T, Lázaro M. "I don't know who you are": anomia for people's names in Alzheimer's disease. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:956-986. [PMID: 38351719 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2315773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that difficulty in the retrieval of people's names is an early symptom of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD), but there is a controversy about the nature of this deficit. In this study, we analyzed whether the nature of the difficulty in retrieving proper names in ADD reflects pre-semantic, semantic, or post-semantic difficulties. To do so, 85 older adults, 35 with ADD and 50 cognitively healthy (CH), completed a task with famous faces involving: recognition, naming, semantic questions, and naming with phonological cues. The ADD group scored lower than the CH group in all tasks. Both groups showed a greater capacity for recognition than naming, but this difference was more pronounced in the ADD group. Additionally, the ADD group showed significantly fewer semantic errors than the CH group. Overall results suggest that the difficulties people with ADD have in naming reflect a degradation at semantic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gomes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Simón
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Lázaro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Lee Masson H, Chang L, Isik L. Multidimensional neural representations of social features during movie viewing. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae030. [PMID: 38722755 PMCID: PMC11130526 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The social world is dynamic and contextually embedded. Yet, most studies utilize simple stimuli that do not capture the complexity of everyday social episodes. To address this, we implemented a movie viewing paradigm and investigated how everyday social episodes are processed in the brain. Participants watched one of two movies during an MRI scan. Neural patterns from brain regions involved in social perception, mentalization, action observation and sensory processing were extracted. Representational similarity analysis results revealed that several labeled social features (including social interaction, mentalization, the actions of others, characters talking about themselves, talking about others and talking about objects) were represented in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). The mentalization feature was also represented throughout the theory of mind network, and characters talking about others engaged the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), suggesting that listeners may spontaneously infer the mental state of those being talked about. In contrast, we did not observe the action representations in the frontoparietal regions of the action observation network. The current findings indicate that STG and MTG serve as key regions for social processing, and that listening to characters talk about others elicits spontaneous mental state inference in TPJ during natural movie viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Chang
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, USA
| | - Leyla Isik
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, USA
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3
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Tran EB, Vonk JMJ, Casaletto K, Zhang D, Christin R, Marathe S, Gorno-Tempini ML, Chang EF, Kleen JK. Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38616725 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617724000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE. METHOD The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids & Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels & Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and other potential confounds. We obtained performance data from 23 PWE participants and 24 control participants (Control), along with crowdsourced normative data from 54 Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) workers. RESULTS ViSAT reached a consensus >90% in 91.3% of trials compared to 83.6% in PPT and 82.9% in CCT. A deep learning model demonstrated that visual features of the stimulus images (color, shape; i.e., non-semantic) did not influence top answer choices (p = 0.577). The PWE group had lower accuracy than the Control group (p = 0.019). PWE had longer response times than the Control group in general and this was augmented for the semantic processing (trial answer) stage (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated performance impairments in PWE that may reflect dysfunction of nonverbal semantic memory circuits, such as seizure onset zones overlapping with key semantic regions (e.g., anterior temporal lobe). The ViSAT paradigm avoids confounds, is repeatable/longitudinal, captures behavioral data, and is open-source, thus we propose it as a strong alternative for clinical and research assessment of nonverbal semantic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina B Tran
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raphael Christin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Marathe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Kleen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Burkhardt E, Lemaitre AL, Ng S, Moritz-Gasser S, Hirsch F, Duffau H, Herbet G. Disruption of the left anterior ventrolateral temporal cortex along with the inferior longitudinal fasciculus impairs the ability to retrieve famous face names: Evidence from three longitudinal case studies. J Neuropsychol 2024; 18 Suppl 1:41-47. [PMID: 37138507 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cortical distribution of the proper name (PN) retrieval network has been widely studied contrary to its connectional anatomy. Here, we report the case of three patients with a low-grade glioma damaging the mid-to-anterior part of the left temporal lobe. A longitudinal behavioural assessment showed that the surgery caused a long-lasting decline in PN retrieval performances in all patients. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of surgery-related structural disconnections revealed that interruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was the unique common denominator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonor Burkhardt
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
| | - Sam Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Hirsch
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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5
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Burkhardt E, Zemmoura I, Hirsch F, Lemaitre AL, Deverdun J, Moritz-Gasser S, Duffau H, Herbet G. The central role of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus in the face-name retrieval network. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3254-3270. [PMID: 37051699 PMCID: PMC10171495 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsuccessful retrieval of proper names (PNs) is commonly observed in patients suffering from neurological conditions such as stroke or epilepsy. While a large body of works has suggested that PN retrieval relies on a cortical network centered on the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), much less is known about the white matter connections underpinning this process. Sparse studies provided evidence for a possible role of the uncinate fasciculus, but the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) might also contribute, since it mainly projects into the ATL, interconnects it with the posterior lexical interface and is engaged in common name (CN) retrieval. To ascertain this hypothesis, we assessed 58 patients having undergone a neurosurgery for a left low-grade glioma by means of a famous face naming (FFN) task. The behavioural data were processed following a multilevel lesion approach, including location-based analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) and disconnection-symptom mapping. Different statistical models were generated to control for sociodemographic data, familiarity, biographical knowledge and control cognitive performances (i.e., semantic and episodic memory and CN retrieval). Overall, VLSM analyses indicated that damage to the mid-to-anterior part of the ventro-basal temporal cortex was especially associated with PN retrieval deficits. As expected, tract-oriented analyses showed that the left ILF was the most strongly associated pathway. Our results provide evidence for the pivotal role of the ILF in the PN retrieval network. This novel finding paves the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiological bases underlying PN retrieval difficulties in the various neurological conditions marked by white matter abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonor Burkhardt
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilyess Zemmoura
- UMR1253, iBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bretonneau Hospital, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Hirsch
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Laure Lemaitre
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremy Deverdun
- Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
- I2FH, Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Moritz-Gasser
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Herbet
- Praxiling Laboratory, UMR5267, CNRS & Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
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6
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Montembeault M, Miller ZA, Geraudie A, Pressman P, Slegers A, Millanski C, Licata A, Ratnasiri B, Mandelli ML, Henry M, Cobigo Y, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Brambati SM, Gorno-Tempini ML, Battistella G. Spared speech fluency is associated with increased functional connectivity in the speech production network in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad077. [PMID: 37038501 PMCID: PMC10082556 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia is a clinical syndrome characterized by marked semantic deficits, anterior temporal lobe atrophy and reduced connectivity within a distributed set of regions belonging to the functional network associated with semantic processing. However, to fully depict the clinical signature of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, it is necessary to also characterize preserved neural networks and linguistic abilities, such as those subserving speech production. In this case-control observational study, we employed whole-brain seed-based connectivity on task-free MRI data of 32 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients and 46 healthy controls to investigate the functional connectivity of the speech production network and its relationship with the underlying grey matter. We investigated brain-behaviour correlations with speech fluency measures collected through clinical tests (verbal agility) and connected speech (speech rate and articulation rate). As a control network, we also investigated functional connectivity within the affected semantic network. Patients presented with increased connectivity in the speech production network between left inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, independent of underlying grey matter volume. In semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients, preserved (verbal agility) and increased (articulation rate) speech fluency measures correlated with increased connectivity between inferior frontal and supramarginal regions. As expected, patients demonstrated decreased functional connectivity in the semantic network (dependent on the underlying grey matter atrophy) associated with average nouns' age of acquisition during connected speech. Collectively, these results provide a compelling model for studying compensation mechanisms in response to disease that might inform the design of future rehabilitation strategies in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Montembeault
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amandine Geraudie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Peter Pressman
- Department of Neurology, Behavioral Neurology Section, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80238, USA
| | - Antoine Slegers
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Carly Millanski
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0114, USA
| | - Abigail Licata
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Buddhika Ratnasiri
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maya Henry
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0114, USA
| | - Yann Cobigo
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Spatially Adjacent Regions in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Familiar Faces at Different Levels of Complexity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9807-9826. [PMID: 34670848 PMCID: PMC8612644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1580-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that perceptual information of faces is processed in a network of hierarchically-organized areas within ventral temporal cortex. For familiar and famous faces, perceptual processing of faces is normally accompanied by extraction of semantic knowledge about the social status of persons. Semantic processing of familiar faces could entail progressive stages of information abstraction. However, the cortical mechanisms supporting multistage processing of familiar faces have not been characterized. Here, using an event-related fMRI experiment, familiar faces from four celebrity groups (actors, singers, politicians, and football players) and unfamiliar faces were presented to the human subjects (both males and females) while they were engaged in a face categorization task. We systematically explored the cortical representations for faces, familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and familiar face identities using whole-brain univariate analysis, searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and functional connectivity analysis. Convergent evidence from all these analyses revealed a set of overlapping regions within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that contained decodable fMRI responses for representing different levels of semantic knowledge about familiar faces. Our results suggest a multistage pathway in PCC for processing semantic information of faces, analogous to the multistage pathway in ventral temporal cortex for processing perceptual information of faces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recognizing familiar faces is an important component of social communications. Previous research has shown that a distributed network of brain areas is involved in processing the semantic information of familiar faces. However, it is not clear how different levels of semantic information are represented in the brain. Here, we evaluated the multivariate response patterns across the entire cortex to discover the areas that contain information for familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and identities of familiar faces. The searchlight maps revealed that different levels of semantic information are represented in topographically adjacent areas within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The results suggest that semantic processing of faces is mediated through progressive stages of information abstraction in PCC.
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Zhang J, Zhou Z, Li L, Ye J, Shang D, Zhong S, Yao B, Xu C, Yu Y, He F, Ye X, Luo B. Cerebral perfusion mediated by thalamo-cortical functional connectivity in non-dominant thalamus affects naming ability in aphasia. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:940-954. [PMID: 34698418 PMCID: PMC8764486 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Naming is a commonly impaired language domain in various types of aphasia. Emerging evidence supports the cortico‐subcortical circuitry subserving naming processing, although neurovascular regulation of the non‐dominant thalamic and basal ganglia subregions underlying post‐stroke naming difficulty remains unclear. Data from 25 subacute stroke patients and 26 age‐, sex‐, and education‐matched healthy volunteers were analyzed. Region‐of‐interest‐wise functional connectivity (FC) was calculated to measure the strength of cortico‐subcortical connections. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined to reflect perfusion levels. Correlation and mediation analyses were performed to identify the relationship between cortico‐subcortical connectivity, regional cerebral perfusion, and naming performance. We observed increased right‐hemispheric subcortical connectivity in patients. FC between the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and lateral/medial prefrontal thalamus (lPFtha/mPFtha) exhibited significantly negative correlations with total naming score. Trend‐level increased CBF in subcortical nuclei, including that in the right lPFtha, and significant negative correlations between naming and regional perfusion of the right lPFtha were observed. The relationship between CBF in the right lPFtha and naming was fully mediated by the lPFtha‐pSTS connectivity in the non‐dominant hemisphere. Our findings suggest that perfusion changes in the right thalamic subregions affect naming performance through thalamo‐cortical circuits in post‐stroke aphasia. This study highlights the neurovascular pathophysiology of the non‐dominant hemisphere and demonstrates thalamic involvement in naming after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Desheng Shang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuchang Zhong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Ye
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center & Rehabilitation Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology & Brain Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Akama H, Yuan Y, Awazu S. Task-induced brain functional connectivity as a representation of schema for mediating unsupervised and supervised learning dynamics in language acquisition. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02157. [PMID: 33951344 PMCID: PMC8213930 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the schema theory advanced by Rumelhart and Norman, we shed light on the individual variability in brain dynamics induced by hybridization of learning methodologies, particularly alternating unsupervised learning and supervised learning in language acquisition. The concept of "schema" implies a latent knowledge structure that a learner holds and updates as intrinsic to his or her cognitive space for guiding the processing of newly arriving information. METHODS We replicated the cognitive experiment of Onnis and Thiessen on implicit statistical learning ability in language acquisition but included additional factors of prosodic variables and explicit supervised learning. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed to identify the functional network connections for schema updating by alternately using unsupervised and supervised artificial grammar learning tasks to segment potential words. RESULTS Regardless of the quality of task performance, the default mode network represented the first stage of spontaneous unsupervised learning, and the wrap-up accomplishment for successful subjects of the whole hybrid learning in concurrence with the task-related auditory language networks. Furthermore, subjects who could easily "tune" the schema for recording a high task precision rate resorted even at an early stage to a self-supervised learning, or "superlearning," as a set of different learning mechanisms that act in synergy to trigger widespread neuro-transformation with a focus on the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS Investigation of the brain dynamics revealed by functional connectivity imaging analysis was able to differentiate the synchronized neural responses with respect to learning methods and the order effect that affects hybrid learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Akama
- Institute of Liberal Arts/Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yixin Yuan
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Autism & Related Disabilities, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shunji Awazu
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jissen Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
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fMRI Investigation of Semantic Lexical Processing in Healthy Control and Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Using Naming Task: A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060718. [PMID: 34071377 PMCID: PMC8226532 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, scientists have been trying to solve the problem of dementia, with no cure currently available. Semantic-lexical impairment is well established as the early critical sign of dementia, although there are still gaps in knowledge that must be investigated. In this study, we used fMRI to observe the neural activity of 31 subjects, including 16 HC (Healthy Control) and 15 AD (Alzheimer's Disease), who participated in the naming task. The neuropsychology profile of HC (Healthy Control) and AD (Alzheimer's Disease) are discussed in this study. The involvement of FG (Fusiform Gyrus) and IFG (Inferior Frontal Gyrus) shows dominant activation in both of the groups. We observed a decrease in neural activity in the AD group, resulting in semantic deficit problems in this preliminary study. Furthermore, ROI analysis was performed and revealed both hyperactivation and hypoactivation in the AD group. The compensatory mechanism demonstrated during the task, due to the effort required to identify an animal's name, represents the character profile of AD.
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11
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Breining BL, Faria AV, Caffo B, Meier EL, Sheppard SM, Sebastian R, Tippett DC, Hillis AE. Neural regions underlying object and action naming: Complementary evidence from acute stroke and primary progressive aphasia. APHASIOLOGY 2021; 36:732-760. [PMID: 35832655 PMCID: PMC9272983 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2021.1907291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naming impairment is commonly noted in individuals with aphasia. However, object naming receives more attention than action naming. Furthermore, most studies include participants with aphasia due to only one aetiology, commonly stroke. We developed a new assessment, the Hopkins Action Naming Assessment (HANA), to evaluate action naming impairments. AIMS Our aims were to show that the HANA is a useful tool that can (1) identify action naming impairments and (2) be used to investigate the neural substrates underlying naming. We paired the HANA with the Boston Naming Test (BNT) to compare action and object naming. We considered participants with aphasia due to primary progressive aphasia (PPA) or acute left hemisphere stroke to provide a more comprehensive picture of brain-behaviour relationships critical for naming. Behaviourally, we hypothesised that there would be a double dissociation between object and action naming performance. Neuroanatomically, we hypothesised that different neural substrates would be implicated in object vs. action naming and that different lesion-deficit associations would be identified in participants with PPA vs. acute stroke. METHODS & PROCEDURES Participants (N=138 with PPA, N=37 with acute stroke) completed the BNT and HANA. Behavioural performance was compared. A subset of participants (N=31 with PPA, N=37 with acute stroke) provided neuroimaging data. The whole brain was automatically segmented into regions of interest (ROIs). For participants with PPA, the image variables were the ROI volumes, normalised by the brain volume. For participants with acute stroke, the image variables were the percentage of each ROI affected by the lesion. The relationship between ROIs likely to be involved in naming performance was modelled with LASSO regression. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Behavioural results showed a double dissociation in performance: in each group, some participants displayed intact performance relative to healthy controls on actions but not objects and/or significantly better performance on actions than objects, while others showed the opposite pattern. These results support the need to assess both objects and actions when evaluating naming deficits. Neuroimaging results identified different regions associated with object vs. action naming, implicating overlapping but distinct networks of regions. Furthermore, results differed for participants with PPA vs. acute stroke, indicating that critical information may be missed when only one aetiology is considered. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study provides a more comprehensive picture of the neural bases of naming, underscoring the importance of assessing both objects and actions and considering different aetiologies of damage. It demonstrates the utility of the HANA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L. Breining
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Andreia V. Faria
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Brian Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Erin L. Meier
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shannon M. Sheppard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | - Rajani Sebastian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Donna C. Tippett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Argye E. Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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12
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Ubaldi S, Fairhall SL. fMRI response to automatic and purposeful familiar-face processing in perceptual and nonperceptual cortical regions. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:1058-1067. [PMID: 33596739 PMCID: PMC7611704 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00481.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viewing the faces of familiar people selectively activates a distributed network of brain regions implicated in both the perceptual and nonperceptual processing of conspecifics. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigate the influence of depth of famous-face processing on this network, comparing a passive incidental face processing to a task that required the extraction of identity and biographic information. We observed that the precuneus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior temporal face patch (ATFP), and the amygdala exhibit a selective response even during incidental face processing. At the same time, face selectivity was enhanced in the lateral anterior temporal lobe (latATL) and the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) when identity and information extraction was required. In addition, goal-directed identity and information extraction was associated with a recruitment of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), whereas this region was deactivated during passive viewing. Collectively, these results show that: 1) in addition to active information extraction, the extended system is recruited by the passive retrieval of person-related knowledge and 2) active access to such knowledge modulates activity in latATL and pSTS, potentially mediated via control circuits in the IFG.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Information is extracted from familiar faces in both automatic and active modes. Using functional MRI, we show: 1) that automatic access results in the selective activation of nonperceptual brain regions, the precuneus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the anterior face patch and amygdala, demonstrating the automaticity of access to information in these regions; 2) selective increases in the activation of the lateral anterior temporal lobe and posterior superior temporal gyrus when biographic information is actively extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ubaldi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - Scott L. Fairhall
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto (TN), Italy
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13
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Ubaldi S, Fairhall SL. fMRI-Indexed neural temporal tuning reveals the hierarchical organsiation of the face and person selective network. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117690. [PMID: 33385559 PMCID: PMC7611695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognising and knowing about conspecifics is vital to human interaction and is served in the brain by a well-characterised cortical network. Understanding the temporal dynamics of this network is critical to gaining insight into both hierarchical organisation and regional coordination. Here, we combine the high spatial resolution of fMRI with a paradigm that permits investigation of differential temporal tuning across cortical regions. We cognitively under- and overload the system using the rapid presentation (100-1200msec) of famous faces and buildings. We observed an increase in activity as presentation rates slowed and a negative deflection when inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) were extended to longer periods. The primary distinction in tuning patterns was between core (perceptual) and extended (non-perceptual) systems but there was also evidence for nested hierarchies within systems, as well as indications of widespread parallel processing. Extended regions demonstrated common temporal tuning across regions which may indicate coordinated activity as they cooperate to manifest the diverse cognitive representation accomplished by this network. With the support of an additional psychophysical study, we demonstrated that ISIs necessary for different levels of semantic access are consistent with temporal tuning patterns. Collectively, these results show that regions of the person-knowledge network operate over different temporal timescales consistent with hierarchical organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ubaldi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, TN 38068, Italy
| | - Scott L Fairhall
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, TN 38068, Italy.
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14
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Aglinskas A, Fairhall SL. Regional Specialization and Coordination Within the Network for Perceiving and Knowing About Others. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:836-848. [PMID: 31340017 PMCID: PMC7239670 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeing familiar faces prompts the recall of diverse kinds of person-related knowledge. How this information is encoded within the well-characterized face-/person-selective network remains an outstanding question. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, participants rated famous faces in 10 tasks covering 5 domains of person knowledge (social, episodic, semantic, physical, and nominal). Comparing different cognitive domains enabled us to 1) test the relative roles of brain regions in specific cognitive processes and 2) apply a multivariate network-level representational similarity analysis (NetRSA) to gain insight into underlying system-level organization. Comparing across cognitive domains revealed the importance of multiple domains in most regions, the importance of social over nominal knowledge in the anterior temporal lobe, and the functional subdivision of the temporoparietal junction into perceptual superior temporal sulcus and knowledge-related angular gyrus. NetRSA revealed a strong divide between regions implicated in "default-mode" cognition and the fronto-lateral elements that coordinated more with "core" perceptual components (fusiform/occipital face areas and posterior superior temporal sulcus). NetRSA also revealed a taxonomy of cognitive processes, with semantic retrieval being more similar to episodic than nominal knowledge. Collectively, these results illustrate the importance of coordinated activity of the person knowledge network in the instantiation of the diverse cognitive capacities of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidas Aglinskas
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Scott L Fairhall
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, Italy
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15
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Battistella G, Borghesani V, Henry M, Shwe W, Lauricella M, Miller Z, Deleon J, Miller BL, Dronkers N, Brambati SM, Seeley WW, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Task-Free Functional Language Networks: Reproducibility and Clinical Application. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1311-1320. [PMID: 31852732 PMCID: PMC7002153 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1485-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) identified through task-free fMRI (tf-fMRI) offer the opportunity to investigate human brain circuits involved in language processes without requiring participants to perform challenging cognitive tasks. In this study, we assessed the ability of tf-fMRI to isolate reproducible networks critical for specific language functions and often damaged in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). First, we performed whole-brain seed-based correlation analyses on tf-fMRI data to identify ICNs anchored in regions known for articulatory, phonological, and semantic processes in healthy male and female controls (HCs). We then evaluated the reproducibility of these ICNs in an independent cohort of HCs, and recapitulated their functional relevance with a post hoc meta-analysis on task-based fMRI. Last, we investigated whether atrophy in these ICNs could inform the differential diagnosis of nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic PPA variants. The identified ICNs included a dorsal articulatory-phonological network involving inferior frontal and supramarginal regions; a ventral semantic network involving anterior middle temporal and angular gyri; a speech perception network involving superior temporal and sensorimotor regions; and a network between posterior inferior temporal and intraparietal regions likely linking visual, phonological, and attentional processes for written language. These ICNs were highly reproducible across independent groups and revealed areas consistent with those emerging from task-based meta-analysis. By comparing ICNs' spatial distribution in HCs with patients' atrophy patterns, we identified ICNs associated with each PPA variant. Our findings demonstrate the potential use of tf-fMRI to investigate the functional status of language networks in patients for whom activation studies can be methodologically challenging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We showed that a single, short, task-free fMRI acquisition is able to identify four reproducible and relatively segregated intrinsic left-dominant networks associated with articulatory, phonological, semantic, and multimodal orthography-to-phonology processes, in HCs. We also showed that these intrinsic networks relate to syndrome-specific atrophy patterns in primary progressive aphasia. Collectively, our results support the application of task-free fMRI in future research to study functionality of language circuits in patients for whom tasked-based activation studies might be methodologically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158,
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maya Henry
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Michael Lauricella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Nina Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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16
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Maruta C, Martins IP. May Subjective Language Complaints Predict Future Language Decline in Community-Dwelling Subjects? Front Psychol 2019; 10:1974. [PMID: 31555171 PMCID: PMC6722202 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints are rather prevalent in the elderly population and are associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the predictive role of specific types of cognitive complaints has been less systematically assessed. The aim of the present study is to examine the predictive value of language complaints for cognitive and language decline in a cohort of community-dwelling healthy older adults, followed longitudinally over a 5-year period. A total of 402 subjects were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study on aging and cognition. Participants answered a cognitive complaints questionnaire including two questions directed to language and were classified at baseline as having “Language Complaints” (LC) or “No Language Complaints” (NLC). They also performed a neuropsychological assessment tackling attention/processing speed, memory, executive functioning, and language at baseline. From these, 275 (68.4%) participated in a follow-up evaluation 4.9 (±0.6) years later. At re-evaluation, subjects had a mean age of 70.4 (±8.3) years, 7.5 (±4.4) years of education, and 63.3% were female. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate whether language complaints at baseline predicted poorer language performance at follow-up or increased the risk of cognitive decline, with correction for sex, depressive symptoms, living status, baseline performance, and composite memory and executive performance. Results indicated that LC subjects had significantly worse performances than NLC subjects on semantic fluency 5 years later, but with a similar rate of decline overtime that was not associated with a follow-up outcome of cognitive decline/dementia. Language difficulties may represent a specific type of age-related cognitive complaints. Longer follow-ups are necessary to understand if they are associated with an increased risk of language or cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maruta
- Language Research Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Católica Research Center for Psychological, Family, and Social Wellbeing, Faculty of Human Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pavão Martins
- Language Research Laboratory, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Borghesani V, Riello M, Gesierich B, Brentari V, Monti A, Gorno-Tempini ML. The Neural Representations of Movement across Semantic Categories. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:791-807. [PMID: 30883288 PMCID: PMC7012372 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous evidence from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggests functional specialization for tools and related semantic knowledge in a left frontoparietal network. It is still debated whether these areas are involved in the representation of rudimentary movement-relevant knowledge regardless of semantic domains (animate vs. inanimate) or categories (tools vs. nontool objects). Here, we used fMRI to record brain activity while 13 volunteers performed two semantic judgment tasks on visually presented items from three different categories: animals, tools, and nontool objects. Participants had to judge two distinct semantic features: whether two items typically move in a similar way (e.g., a fan and a windmill move in circular motion) or whether they are usually found in the same environment (e.g., a seesaw and a swing are found in a playground). We investigated differences in overall activation (which areas are involved) as well as representational content (which information is encoded) across semantic features and categories. Results of voxel-wise mass univariate analysis showed that, regardless of semantic category, a dissociation emerges between processing information on prototypical location (involving the anterior temporal cortex and the angular gyrus) and movement (linked to left inferior parietal and frontal activation). Multivoxel pattern correlation analyses confirmed the representational segregation of networks encoding task- and category-related aspects of semantic processing. Taken together, these findings suggest that the left frontoparietal network is recruited to process movement properties of items (including both biological and nonbiological motion) regardless of their semantic category.
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18
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Alemán-Gómez Y, Poch C, Toledano R, Jiménez-Huete A, García-Morales I, Gil-Nagel A, Campo P. Morphometric correlates of anomia in patients with small left temporopolar lesions. J Neuropsychol 2019; 14:260-282. [PMID: 31059211 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Visual object naming is a complex cognitive process that engages an interconnected network of cortical regions moving from occipitotemporal to anterior-inferior temporal cortices, and extending into the inferior frontal cortex. Naming can fail for diverse reasons, and different stages of the naming multi-step process appear to be reliant upon the integrity of different neuroanatomical locations. While the neural correlates of semantic errors have been extensively studied, the neural basis of omission errors remains relatively unspecified. Although a strong line of evidence supports an association between anterior temporal lobe damage and semantic errors, there are some studies suggesting that the anterior temporal lobe could be also associated with omissions. However, support for this hypothesis comes from studies with patients in whom damage affected extensive brain regions, sometimes bilaterally. Here, we availed of a group of 12 patients with epilepsy associated with a small lesion at the tip of the left temporal pole. Using an unbiased surface-based morphometry methodology, we correlated two morphological features with errors observed during visual naming. Analyses revealed a correlation between omission errors and reduced local gyrification index in three cortical clusters: one in the left anteromedial temporal lobe region (AMTL) and two in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our findings support the view that regions in ACC and AMTL are critical structures within a network engaged in word selection from semantics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Alemán-Gómez
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Poch
- Department of Basic Psychology, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Pluridisciplinar, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledano
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.,Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital of Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Jiménez-Huete
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene García-Morales
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain.,Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospital of San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Campo
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain
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19
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Montembeault M, Chapleau M, Jarret J, Boukadi M, Laforce R, Wilson MA, Rouleau I, Brambati SM. Differential language network functional connectivity alterations in Alzheimer's disease and the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2019; 117:284-298. [PMID: 31034993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) can present with similar language impairments, mainly in naming. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are associated with different brain mechanisms in each disease, but no previous study has used a network approach to explore this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to compare resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) language network in AD, svPPA patients, and cognitively unimpaired elderly adults (CTRL). Therefore, 10 AD patients, 12 svPPA patients and 11 CTRL underwent rs-fMRI. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted using regions of interest in the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), applying a voxelwise correction for gray matter volume. In AD patients, the left pMTG was the only key language region showing functional connectivity changes, mainly a reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity with its right-hemisphere counterpart, in comparison to CTRL. In svPPA patients, we observed a functional isolation of the left ATL, both decreases and increases in functional connectivity from the left pMTG and increased functional connectivity form the left IFG. Post-hoc analyses showed that naming impairments were overall associated with the functional disconnections observed across the language network. In conclusion, AD and svPPA patients present distinct language network functional connectivity profiles. In AD patients, functional connectivity changes were restricted to the left pMTG and were overall less severe in comparison to svPPA patients. Results in svPPA patients suggest decreased functional connectivity along the ventral language pathway and increased functional connectivity along the dorsal language pathway. Finally, the observed connectivity patterns are overall consistent with previously reported structural connectivity and language profiles in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Montembeault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marianne Chapleau
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Julien Jarret
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mariem Boukadi
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire (CIME) du CHU de Québec, QC, Canada; Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Maximiliano A Wilson
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Simona M Brambati
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Battistella G, Henry M, Gesierich B, Wilson SM, Borghesani V, Shwe W, Miller Z, Deleon J, Miller BL, Jovicich J, Papinutto N, Dronkers NF, Seeley WW, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Differential intrinsic functional connectivity changes in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101797. [PMID: 31146321 PMCID: PMC6465769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by semantic memory deficits with relatively preserved motor speech, syntax, and phonology. There is consistent evidence linking focal neurodegeneration of the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) to the semantic deficits observed in svPPA. Less is known about large-scale functional connectivity changes in this syndrome, particularly regarding the interplay between affected and spared language networks that leads to the unique cognitive dissociations typical of svPPA. Using whole-brain, seed-based connectivity on task-free Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data, we studied connectivity of networks anchored to three left-hemisphere regions crucially involved in svPPA symptomatology: ATL just posterior to the main atrophic area, opercular inferior frontal gyrus, and posterior inferior temporal lobe. First, in 32 healthy controls, these seeds isolated three networks: a ventral semantic network involving anterior middle temporal and angular gyri, a dorsal articulatory-phonological system involving inferior frontal and supramarginal regions, and a third functional connection between posterior inferior temporal and intraparietal regions likely involved in linking visual and linguistic processes. We then compared connectivity strength of these three networks between 16 svPPA patients and the 32 controls. In svPPA, decreased functional connectivity in the ventral semantic network correlated with weak semantic skills, while connectivity of the network seeded from the posterior inferior temporal lobe, though not significantly different between the two groups, correlated with pseudoword reading skills. Increased connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior portion of the angular gyrus suggested possible adaptive changes. Our findings have two main implications. First, they support a functional subdivision of the left IPL based on its connectivity to specific language-related regions. Second, the unique neuroanatomical and linguistic profile observed in svPPA provides a compelling model for the functional interplay of these networks, being either up- or down- regulated in response to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Maya Henry
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Valentina Borghesani
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wendy Shwe
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Nico Papinutto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Pillay SB, Gross WL, Graves WW, Humphries C, Book DS, Binder JR. The Neural Basis of Successful Word Reading in Aphasia. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:514-525. [PMID: 29211656 PMCID: PMC9926535 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the neural basis of recovery from stroke is a major research goal. Many functional neuroimaging studies have identified changes in brain activity in people with aphasia, but it is unclear whether these changes truly support successful performance or merely reflect increased task difficulty. We addressed this problem by examining differences in brain activity associated with correct and incorrect responses on an overt reading task. On the basis of previous proposals that semantic retrieval can assist pronunciation of written words, we hypothesized that recruitment of semantic areas would be greater on successful trials. Participants were 21 patients with left-hemisphere stroke with phonologic retrieval deficits. They read words aloud during an event-related fMRI paradigm. BOLD signals obtained during correct and incorrect trials were contrasted to highlight brain activity specific to successful trials. Successful word reading was associated with higher BOLD signal in the left angular gyrus. In contrast, BOLD signal in bilateral posterior inferior frontal cortex, SMA, and anterior cingulate cortex was greater on incorrect trials. These data show for the first time the brain regions where neural activity is correlated specifically with successful performance in people with aphasia. The angular gyrus is a key node in the semantic network, consistent with the hypothesis that additional recruitment of the semantic system contributes to successful word production when phonologic retrieval is impaired. Higher activity in other brain regions during incorrect trials likely reflects secondary engagement of attention, working memory, and error monitoring processes when phonologic retrieval is unsuccessful.
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Abstract
In this chapter, the neuropsychologic literature concerning memory deficits following parietal lesions is reviewed. Left inferior parietal lobule lesions definitely cause verbal short-term memory impairments, while right parietal lesions disrupt visuospatial short-term memory. Episodic memory, as well as autobiographic memory, does not seem to be impaired after both unilateral and bilateral parietal lesions, in contrast with neuroimaging studies reporting activation of the lateral parietal cortex during memory tasks. The most substantiated hypothesis is that the parietal lobe is involved in the subjective experience of recollection. Indeed, patients with parietal lesions produce fewer false memories and show lower confidence in their source recollections, possibly due to a limited number of details that they are able to report. Finally, the parietal lobes contribute to semantic memory as far as abstract concepts are concerned; in addition some sparse evidence on traumatic brain injury suggests that the parietal lobe is part of the distributed network involved in prospective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Papagno
- CIMeC and CeRiN, University of Trento, Rovereto; and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center Milano, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Brédart S. The cognitive psychology and neuroscience of naming people. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:145-154. [PMID: 29038031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of proper names enables us to designate entities, including people, at a very specific level of categorization: the unique entity or the individual. The paper presents a general overview of psychological/cognitive and neuroscientific studies that have compared the production of proper names, in particular people's names, with the production of common nouns during the last thirty years. The search for specific brain correlates of proper naming included single-case and group studies of patients with brain lesions, and studies utilizing functional neuroimaging or brain electrical stimulation with healthy participants. These studies have led neuroscientists to hypothesize that the recall of proper names involves a rather complex network including mainly left frontal and temporal regions. Behavioural evidence supports the view that proper names are more difficult to recall than common names, and scientists have proposed different explanations for this relative difficulty. Finally, several new directions for future research are proposed to improve our understanding of both cognitive processes and their brain correlates involved during proper name recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Brédart
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Wang J, Cherkassky VL, Just MA. Predicting the brain activation pattern associated with the propositional content of a sentence: Modeling neural representations of events and states. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4865-4881. [PMID: 28653794 PMCID: PMC6867144 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though much has recently been learned about the neural representation of individual concepts and categories, neuroimaging research is only beginning to reveal how more complex thoughts, such as event and state descriptions, are neurally represented. We present a predictive computational theory of the neural representations of individual events and states as they are described in 240 sentences. Regression models were trained to determine the mapping between 42 neurally plausible semantic features (NPSFs) and thematic roles of the concepts of a proposition and the fMRI activation patterns of various cortical regions that process different types of information. Given a semantic characterization of the content of a sentence that is new to the model, the model can reliably predict the resulting neural signature, or, given an observed neural signature of a new sentence, the model can predict its semantic content. The models were also reliably generalizable across participants. This computational model provides an account of the brain representation of a complex yet fundamental unit of thought, namely, the conceptual content of a proposition. In addition to characterizing a sentence representation at the level of the semantic and thematic features of its component concepts, factor analysis was used to develop a higher level characterization of a sentence, specifying the general type of event representation that the sentence evokes (e.g., a social interaction versus a change of physical state) and the voxel locations most strongly associated with each of the factors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4865-4881, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir L Cherkassky
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcel Adam Just
- Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging, Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Montembeault M, Brambati SM, Joubert S, Boukadi M, Chapleau M, Laforce RJ, Wilson MA, Macoir J, Rouleau I. Naming unique entities in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: Towards a better understanding of the semantic impairment. Neuropsychologia 2016; 95:11-20. [PMID: 27939367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
While the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by a predominant semantic memory impairment, episodic memory impairments are the clinical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, AD patients also present with semantic deficits, which are more severe for semantically unique entities (e.g. a famous person) than for common concepts (e.g. a beaver). Previous studies in these patient populations have largely focused on famous-person naming. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if these impairments also extend to other semantically unique entities such as famous places and famous logos. In this study, 13 AD patients, 9 svPPA patients, and 12 cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects (CTRL) were tested with a picture-naming test of non-unique entities (Boston Naming Test) and three experimental tests of semantically unique entities assessing naming of famous persons, places, and logos. Both clinical groups were overall more impaired at naming semantically unique entities than non-unique entities. Naming impairments in AD and svPPA extended to the other types of semantically unique entities, since a CTRL>AD>svPPA pattern was found on the performance of all naming tests. Naming famous places and famous persons appeared to be most impaired in svPPA, and both specific and general semantic knowledge for these entities were affected in these patients. Although AD patients were most significantly impaired on famous-person naming, only their specific semantic knowledge was impaired, while general knowledge was preserved. Post-hoc neuroimaging analyses also showed that famous-person naming impairments in AD correlated with atrophy in the temporo-parietal junction, a region functionally associated with lexical access. In line with previous studies, svPPA patients' impairment in both naming and semantic knowledge suggest a more profound semantic impairment, while naming impairments in AD may arise to a greater extent from impaired lexical access, even though semantic impairment for specific knowledge is also present. These results highlight the critical importance of developing and using a variety of semantically-unique-entity naming tests in neuropsychological assessments of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, which may unveil different patterns of lexical-semantic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montembeault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - S M Brambati
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - S Joubert
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - M Boukadi
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - M Chapleau
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3W 1W5; Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - R Jr Laforce
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 1Z4; Faculté de médecine, Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6.
| | - M A Wilson
- Faculté de médecine, Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3.
| | - J Macoir
- Faculté de médecine, Département de réadaptation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada G1J 2G3.
| | - I Rouleau
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Emmorey K, McCullough S, Weisberg J. The neural underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 160:11-20. [PMID: 27448530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated word-level reading circuits in skilled deaf readers (N=14; mean reading age=19.5years) and less skilled deaf readers (N=14; mean reading age=12years) who were all highly proficient users of American Sign Language. During fMRI scanning, participants performed a semantic decision (concrete concept?), a phonological decision (two syllables?), and a false-font control task (string underlined?). No significant group differences were observed with the full participant set. However, an analysis with the 10 most and 10 least skilled readers revealed that for the semantic task (vs. control task), proficient deaf readers exhibited greater activation in left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyri than less proficient readers. No group differences were observed for the phonological task. Whole-brain correlation analyses (all participants) revealed that for the semantic task, reading ability correlated positively with neural activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and in a region associated with the orthography-semantics interface, located anterior to the visual word form area. Reading ability did not correlate with neural activity during the phonological task. Accuracy on the semantic task correlated positively with neural activity in left anterior temporal lobe (a region linked to conceptual processing), while accuracy on the phonological task correlated positively with neural activity in left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (a region linked to syllabification processes during speech production). Finally, reading comprehension scores correlated positively with vocabulary and print exposure measures, but not with phonological awareness scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Emmorey
- San Diego State University, Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92012, USA.
| | - Stephen McCullough
- San Diego State University, Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92012, USA
| | - Jill Weisberg
- San Diego State University, Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92012, USA
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Wang X, Peelen MV, Han Z, Caramazza A, Bi Y. The role of vision in the neural representation of unique entities. Neuropsychologia 2016; 87:144-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Reading words and other people: A comparison of exception word, familiar face and affect processing in the left and right temporal variants of primary progressive aphasia. Cortex 2016; 82:147-163. [PMID: 27389800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) typically presents with left-hemisphere predominant rostral temporal lobe (rTL) atrophy and the most significant complaints within the language domain. Less frequently, patients present with right-hemisphere predominant temporal atrophy coupled with marked impairments in processing of famous faces and emotions. Few studies have objectively compared these patient groups in both domains and therefore it is unclear to what extent the syndromes overlap. Clinically diagnosed svPPA patients were characterized as left- (n = 21) or right-predominant (n = 12) using imaging and compared along with 14 healthy controls. Regarding language, our primary focus was upon two hallmark features of svPPA; confrontation naming and surface dyslexia. Both groups exhibited naming deficits and surface dyslexia although the impairments were more severe in the left-predominant group. Familiarity judgments on famous faces and affect processing were more profoundly impaired in the right-predominant group. Our findings suggest that the two syndromes overlap significantly but that early cases at the tail ends of the continuum constitute a challenge for current clinical criteria. Correlational neuroimaging analyses implicated a mid portion of the left lateral temporal lobe in exception word reading impairments in line with proposals that this region is an interface between phonology and semantic knowledge.
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Face shape and face identity processing in behavioral variant fronto-temporal dementia: A specific deficit for familiarity and name recognition of famous faces. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:368-377. [PMID: 27298765 PMCID: PMC4893012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in face processing have been described in the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), primarily regarding the recognition of facial expressions. Less is known about face shape and face identity processing. Here we used a hierarchical strategy targeting face shape and face identity recognition in bvFTD and matched healthy controls. Participants performed 3 psychophysical experiments targeting face shape detection (Experiment 1), unfamiliar face identity matching (Experiment 2), familiarity categorization and famous face-name matching (Experiment 3). The results revealed group differences only in Experiment 3, with a deficit in the bvFTD group for both familiarity categorization and famous face-name matching. Voxel-based morphometry regression analyses in the bvFTD group revealed an association between grey matter volume of the left ventral anterior temporal lobe and familiarity recognition, while face-name matching correlated with grey matter volume of the bilateral ventral anterior temporal lobes. Subsequently, we quantified familiarity-specific and name-specific recognition deficits as the sum of the celebrities of which respectively only the name or only the familiarity was accurately recognized. Both indices were associated with grey matter volume of the bilateral anterior temporal cortices. These findings extent previous results by documenting the involvement of the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in familiarity detection and the right ATL in name recognition deficits in fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. Face outline and face identity recognition was tested in behavioral variant FTD Deficits were observed in recognition of famous but not unfamiliar faces The deficit comprised both familiarity and name recognition Both deficits related to structural integrity of bilateral anterio-temporal cortex
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Migliaccio R, Boutet C, Valabregue R, Ferrieux S, Nogues M, Lehéricy S, Dormont D, Levy R, Dubois B, Teichmann M. The Brain Network of Naming: A Lesson from Primary Progressive Aphasia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148707. [PMID: 26901052 PMCID: PMC4764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Word finding depends on the processing of semantic and lexical information, and it involves an intermediate level for mapping semantic-to-lexical information which also subserves lexical-to-semantic mapping during word comprehension. However, the brain regions implementing these components are still controversial and have not been clarified via a comprehensive lesion model encompassing the whole range of language-related cortices. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA), for which anomia is thought to be the most common sign, provides such a model, but the exploration of cortical areas impacting naming in its three main variants and the underlying processing mechanisms is still lacking. METHODS We addressed this double issue, related to language structure and PPA, with thirty patients (11 semantic, 12 logopenic, 7 agrammatic variant) using a picture-naming task and voxel-based morphometry for anatomo-functional correlation. First, we analyzed correlations for each of the three variants to identify the regions impacting naming in PPA and to disentangle the core regions of word finding. We then combined the three variants and correlation analyses for naming (semantic-to-lexical mapping) and single-word comprehension (lexical-to-semantic mapping), predicting an overlap zone corresponding to a bidirectional lexical-semantic hub. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that superior portions of the left temporal pole and left posterior temporal cortices impact semantic and lexical naming mechanisms in semantic and logopenic PPA, respectively. In agrammatic PPA naming deficits were rare, and did not correlate with any cortical region. Combined analyses revealed a cortical overlap zone in superior/middle mid-temporal cortices, distinct from the two former regions, impacting bidirectional binding of lexical and semantic information. Altogether, our findings indicate that lexical/semantic word processing depends on an anterior-posterior axis within lateral-temporal cortices, including an anatomically intermediate hub dedicated to lexical-semantic integration. Within this axis our data reveal the underpinnings of anomia in the PPA variants, which is of relevance for both diagnosis and future therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Migliaccio
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Boutet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ferrieux
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Nogues
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière, Paris, France
| | - Didier Dormont
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR-S 678, Paris, France
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Fonctionnelle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, UMR INSERM-CNRS-UPMC 1127, Frontlab, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for « PPA and rare dementias », Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Woolley JD, Strobl EV, Sturm VE, Shany-Ur T, Poorzand P, Grossman S, Nguyen L, Eckart JA, Levenson RW, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Rankin KP. Impaired Recognition and Regulation of Disgust Is Associated with Distinct but Partially Overlapping Patterns of Decreased Gray Matter Volume in the Ventroanterior Insula. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:505-14. [PMID: 25890642 PMCID: PMC4529378 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventroanterior insula is implicated in the experience, expression, and recognition of disgust; however, whether this brain region is required for recognizing disgust or regulating disgusting behaviors remains unknown. METHODS We examined the brain correlates of the presence of disgusting behavior and impaired recognition of disgust using voxel-based morphometry in a sample of 305 patients with heterogeneous patterns of neurodegeneration. Permutation-based analyses were used to determine regions of decreased gray matter volume at a significance level p <= .05 corrected for family-wise error across the whole brain and within the insula. RESULTS Patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia were most likely to exhibit disgusting behaviors and were, on average, the most impaired at recognizing disgust in others. Imaging analysis revealed that patients who exhibited disgusting behaviors had significantly less gray matter volume bilaterally in the ventral anterior insula. A region of interest analysis restricted to behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia patients alone confirmed this result. Moreover, impaired recognition of disgust was associated with decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral ventroanterior and ventral middle regions of the insula. There was an area of overlap in the bilateral anterior insula where decreased gray matter volume was associated with both the presence of disgusting behavior and impairments in recognizing disgust. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that regulating disgusting behaviors and recognizing disgust in others involve two partially overlapping neural systems within the insula. Moreover, the ventral anterior insula is required for both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D Woolley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Eric V Strobl
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tal Shany-Ur
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pardis Poorzand
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Lauren Nguyen
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - William W Seeley
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce L Miller
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Wilson SM, Lam D, Babiak MC, Perry DW, Shih T, Hess CP, Berger MS, Chang EF. Transient aphasias after left hemisphere resective surgery. J Neurosurg 2015; 123:581-93. [PMID: 26115463 DOI: 10.3171/2015.4.jns141962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Transient aphasias are often observed in the first few days after a patient has undergone resection in the language-dominant hemisphere. The aims of this prospective study were to characterize the incidence and nature of these aphasias and to determine whether there are relationships between location of the surgical site and deficits in specific language domains. METHODS One hundred ten patients undergoing resection to the language-dominant hemisphere participated in the study. Language was evaluated prior to surgery and 2-3 days and 1 month postsurgery using the Western Aphasia Battery and the Boston Naming Test. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify relationships between the surgical site location assessed on MRI and deficits in fluency, information content, comprehension, repetition, and naming. RESULTS Seventy-one percent of patients were classified as aphasic based on the Western Aphasia Battery 2-3 days postsurgery, with deficits observed in each of the language domains examined. Fluency deficits were associated with resection of the precentral gyrus and adjacent inferior frontal cortex. Reduced information content of spoken output was associated with resection of the ventral precentral gyrus and posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). Repetition deficits were associated with resection of the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Naming deficits were associated with resection of the ventral temporal cortex, with midtemporal and posterior temporal damage more predictive of naming deficits than anterior temporal damage. By 1 month postsurgery, nearly all language deficits were resolved, and no language measure except for naming differed significantly from its presurgical level. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that transient aphasias are very common after left hemisphere resective surgery and that the precise nature of the aphasia depends on the specific location of the surgical site. The patient cohort in this study provides a unique window into the neural basis of language because resections are discrete, their locations are not limited by vascular distribution or patterns of neurodegeneration, and language can be studied prior to substantial reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Wilson
- Departments of 1 Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences and.,Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | | | | | | | - Tina Shih
- Neurology, and.,UCSF Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Edward F Chang
- Departments of 3 Neurological Surgery.,UCSF Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Brambati SM, Amici S, Racine CA, Neuhaus J, Miller Z, Ogar J, Dronkers N, Miller BL, Rosen H, Gorno-Tempini ML. Longitudinal gray matter contraction in three variants of primary progressive aphasia: A tenser-based morphometry study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:345-55. [PMID: 26106560 PMCID: PMC4473099 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the pattern of longitudinal changes in cognition and anatomy in three variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Eight patients with the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA), 13 patients with the semantic variant (svPPA), seven patients with the logopenic variant (lvPPA), and 29 age-matched, neurologically healthy controls were included in the study. All participants underwent longitudinal MRI, neuropsychological and language testing at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. Tenser-based morphometry (TBM) was applied to T1-weighted MRI images in order to map the progression of gray and white matter atrophy over a 1-year period. Results showed that each patient group was characterized by a specific pattern of cognitive and anatomical changes. Specifically, nfvPPA patients showed gray matter atrophy progression in the left frontal and subcortical areas as well as a decline in motor speech and executive functions; svPPA patients presented atrophy progression in the medial and lateral temporal lobe and decline in semantic memory abilities; and lvPPA patients showed atrophy progression in lateral/posterior temporal and medial parietal regions with a decline in memory, sentence repetition and calculations. In addition, in all three variants, the white matter fibers underlying the abovementioned cortical areas underwent significant volume contraction over a 1-year period. Overall, these results indicate that the three PPA variants present distinct patterns of neuroanatomical contraction, which reflect their clinical and cognitive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Maria Brambati
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Serena Amici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline A Racine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Ogar
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Veteran's Affairs, Martinez, CA, USA ; University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nina Dronkers
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA ; Department of Veteran's Affairs, Martinez, CA, USA ; University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Vitali P, Rouleau I, Deschaintre Y, Mina D, Brazeau M, Lanthier S, Montembeault M, Brambati SM. Proper name anomia in poststroke aphasics: evidence from a multiple-case study. Neurocase 2015; 21:563-72. [PMID: 25274199 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2014.959974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize difficulties in famous face naming in three poststroke aphasic patients with a lesion limited to the left mid-posterior temporal language regions, sparing the anterior temporal lobe. The patients did not present semantic deficits specific to known people. Nonetheless, they showed difficulties naming famous buildings in addition to famous faces, but they were comparable to healthy controls in generating proper names. Our results support the critical role of the mid-posterior temporal language regions in the lexical retrieval of proper names, namely from pictorial stimuli, in absence of semantic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vitali
- a Faculty of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Canada
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Zacà D, Agarwal S, Gujar SK, Sair HI, Pillai JJ. Special considerations/technical limitations of blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014; 24:705-15. [PMID: 25441509 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, limitations affecting the results of presurgical mapping with blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are discussed. There is a great need to standardize fMRI acquisition and analysis methods and establish guidelines to address quality control issues. Several national and international organizations are formulating guidelines and standards for both clinical and research applications of BOLD fMRI. Consensus regarding management of these issues will likely both improve the clinical standard of care and enhance future research applications of fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Zacà
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello (TN) 38121, Italy; Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shruti Agarwal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sachin K Gujar
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Haris I Sair
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jay J Pillai
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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McLelland VC, Chan D, Ferber S, Barense MD. Stimulus familiarity modulates functional connectivity of the perirhinal cortex and anterior hippocampus during visual discrimination of faces and objects. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:117. [PMID: 24624075 PMCID: PMC3941039 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is involved in perception as well as in declarative memory. Amnesic patients with focal MTL lesions and semantic dementia patients showed perceptual deficits when discriminating faces and objects. Interestingly, these two patient groups showed different profiles of impairment for familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. For MTL amnesics, the use of familiar relative to unfamiliar stimuli improved discrimination performance. By contrast, patients with semantic dementia—a neurodegenerative condition associated with anterolateral temporal lobe damage—showed no such facilitation from familiar stimuli. Given that the two patient groups had highly overlapping patterns of damage to the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal pole, the neuroanatomical substrates underlying their performance discrepancy were unclear. Here, we addressed this question with a multivariate reanalysis of the data presented by Barense et al. (2011), using functional connectivity to examine how stimulus familiarity affected the broader networks with which the perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal poles interact. In this study, healthy participants were scanned while they performed an odd-one-out perceptual task involving familiar and novel faces or objects. Seed-based analyses revealed that functional connectivity of the right perirhinal cortex and right anterior hippocampus was modulated by the degree of stimulus familiarity. For familiar relative to unfamiliar faces and objects, both right perirhinal cortex and right anterior hippocampus showed enhanced functional correlations with anterior/lateral temporal cortex, temporal pole, and medial/lateral parietal cortex. These findings suggest that in order to benefit from stimulus familiarity, it is necessary to engage not only the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus, but also a network of regions known to represent semantic information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Chan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Ferber
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Rotman Research Institute Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Guo CC, Gorno-Tempini ML, Gesierich B, Henry M, Trujillo A, Shany-Ur T, Jovicich J, Robinson SD, Kramer JH, Rankin KP, Miller BL, Seeley WW. Anterior temporal lobe degeneration produces widespread network-driven dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:2979-91. [PMID: 24072486 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The neural organization of semantic memory remains much debated. A 'distributed-only' view contends that semantic knowledge is represented within spatially distant, modality-selective primary and association cortices. Observations in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia have inspired an alternative model featuring the anterior temporal lobe as an amodal hub that supports semantic knowledge by linking distributed modality-selective regions. Direct evidence has been lacking, however, to support intrinsic functional interactions between an anterior temporal lobe hub and upstream sensory regions in humans. Here, we examined the neural networks supporting semantic knowledge by performing a multimodal brain imaging study in healthy subjects and patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. In healthy subjects, the anterior temporal lobe showed intrinsic connectivity to an array of modality-selective primary and association cortices. Patients showed focal anterior temporal lobe degeneration but also reduced physiological integrity throughout distributed modality-selective regions connected with the anterior temporal lobe in healthy controls. Physiological deficits outside the anterior temporal lobe correlated with scores on semantic tasks and with anterior temporal subregion atrophy, following domain-specific and connectivity-based predictions. The findings provide a neurophysiological basis for the theory that semantic processing is orchestrated through interactions between a critical anterior temporal lobe hub and modality-selective processing nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Guo
- 1. Memory and Ageing Centre, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Egorova N, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y. Neural dynamics of speech act comprehension: an MEG study of naming and requesting. Brain Topogr 2013; 27:375-92. [PMID: 24253730 PMCID: PMC3976511 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-013-0329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological basis and temporal dynamics of communicative language processing pose important yet unresolved questions. It has previously been suggested that comprehension of the communicative function of an utterance, i.e. the so-called speech act, is supported by an ensemble of neural networks, comprising lexico-semantic, action and mirror neuron as well as theory of mind circuits, all activated in concert. It has also been demonstrated that recognition of the speech act type occurs extremely rapidly. These findings however, were obtained in experiments with insufficient spatio-temporal resolution, thus possibly concealing important facets of the neural dynamics of the speech act comprehension process. Here, we used magnetoencephalography to investigate the comprehension of Naming and Request actions performed with utterances controlled for physical features, psycholinguistic properties and the probability of occurrence in variable contexts. The results show that different communicative actions are underpinned by a dynamic neural network, which differentiates between speech act types very early after the speech act onset. Within 50–90 ms, Requests engaged mirror-neuron action-comprehension systems in sensorimotor cortex, possibly for processing action knowledge and intentions. Still, within the first 200 ms of stimulus onset (100–150 ms), Naming activated brain areas involved in referential semantic retrieval. Subsequently (200–300 ms), theory of mind and mentalising circuits were activated in medial prefrontal and temporo-parietal areas, possibly indexing processing of intentions and assumptions of both communication partners. This cascade of stages of processing information about actions and intentions, referential semantics, and theory of mind may underlie dynamic and interactive speech act comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Egorova
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), 15, Chaucer Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK,
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39
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Fairhall SL, Caramazza A. Category-selective neural substrates for person- and place-related concepts. Cortex 2013; 49:2748-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Fairhall SL, Anzellotti S, Ubaldi S, Caramazza A. Person- and Place-Selective Neural Substrates for Entity-Specific Semantic Access. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:1687-96. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Von Der Heide RJ, Skipper LM, Olson IR. Anterior temporal face patches: a meta-analysis and empirical study. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:17. [PMID: 23378834 PMCID: PMC3561664 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) plays an important role in person identification and memory. In humans, neuroimaging studies of person memory report consistent activations in the ATL to famous and personally familiar faces and studies of patients report resection or damage of the ATL causes an associative prosopagnosia in which face perception is intact but face memory is compromised. In addition, high-resolution fMRI studies of non-human primates and electrophysiological studies of humans also suggest regions of the ventral ATL are sensitive to novel faces. The current study extends previous findings by investigating whether similar subregions in the dorsal, ventral, lateral, or polar aspects of the ATL are sensitive to personally familiar, famous, and novel faces. We present the results of two studies of person memory: a meta-analysis of existing fMRI studies and an empirical fMRI study using optimized imaging parameters. Both studies showed left-lateralized ATL activations to familiar individuals while novel faces activated the right ATL. Activations to famous faces were quite ventral, similar to what has been reported in previous high-resolution fMRI studies of non-human primates. These findings suggest that face memory-sensitive patches in the human ATL are in the ventral/polar ATL.
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Limperopoulos C, Chilingaryan G, Sullivan N, Guizard N, Robertson RL, du Plessis AJ. Injury to the premature cerebellum: outcome is related to remote cortical development. Cereb Cortex 2012; 24:728-36. [PMID: 23146968 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar injury is an important complication of preterm birth with far-reaching neuropsychiatric sequelae. We have previously shown a significant association between isolated injury to the premature cerebellum and subsequent impairment of regional volumetric growth in the contralateral cerebrum. In the current study, we examine the relationship between these remote regional impairments of cerebral volumetric growth and domain-specific functional deficits in these children. In 40 ex-preterm infants with isolated cerebellar injury, we performed neurodevelopmental evaluations and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at a mean age of 34 months. We measured cortical gray matter volumes in 8 parcellated regions of each cerebral hemisphere, as well as right and left cerebellar volumes. We show highly significant associations between early signs of autism and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex volume (P < 0.001); gross motor scores and sensorimotor cortical volumes (P < 0.001); and cognitive and expressive language scores and premotor and mid-temporal cortical volumes (P < 0.001). By multivariate analyses, each unit increase in the corresponding regional cerebral volume was associated with lower odds of abnormal outcome score, adjusted for age at MRI and contralateral cerebellar volume. This is the first report linking secondary impairment of remote cerebral cortical growth and functional disabilities in survivors of prematurity-related cerebellar brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Limperopoulos
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Advanced Pediatric Brain Imaging Research Laboratory
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Olson IR, McCoy D, Klobusicky E, Ross LA. Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: a review and theoretical framework. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2012; 8:123-33. [PMID: 23051902 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory for people and their relationships, along with memory for social language and social behaviors, constitutes a specific type of semantic memory termed social knowledge. This review focuses on how and where social knowledge is represented in the brain. We propose that portions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) play a critical role in representing and retrieving social knowledge. This includes memory about people, their names and biographies and more abstract forms of social memory such as memory for traits and social concepts. This hypothesis is based on the convergence of several lines of research including anatomical findings, lesion evidence from both humans and non-human primates and neuroimaging evidence. Moreover, the ATL is closely interconnected with cortical nuclei of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex via the uncinate fasciculus. We propose that this pattern of connectivity underlies the function of the ATL in encoding and storing emotionally tagged knowledge that is used to guide orbitofrontal-based decision processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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44
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Cadotte DW, Bosma R, Mikulis D, Nugaeva N, Smith K, Pokrupa R, Islam O, Stroman PW, Fehlings MG. Plasticity of the injured human spinal cord: insights revealed by spinal cord functional MRI. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45560. [PMID: 23029097 PMCID: PMC3446947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While numerous studies have documented evidence for plasticity of the human brain there is little evidence that the human spinal cord can change after injury. Here, we employ a novel spinal fMRI design where we stimulate normal and abnormal sensory dermatomes in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury and perform a connectivity analysis to understand how spinal networks process information. Methods Spinal fMRI data was collected at 3 Tesla at two institutions from 38 individuals using the standard SEEP functional MR imaging techniques. Thermal stimulation was applied to four dermatomes in an interleaved timing pattern during each fMRI acquisition. SCI patients were stimulated in dermatomes both above (normal sensation) and below the level of their injury. Sub-group analysis was performed on healthy controls (n = 20), complete SCI (n = 3), incomplete SCI (n = 9) and SCI patients who recovered full function (n = 6). Results Patients with chronic incomplete SCI, when stimulated in a dermatome of normal sensation, showed an increased number of active voxels relative to controls (p = 0.025). There was an inverse relationship between the degree of sensory impairment and the number of active voxels in the region of the spinal cord corresponding to that dermatome of abnormal sensation (R2 = 0.93, p<0.001). Lastly, a connectivity analysis demonstrated a significantly increased number of intraspinal connections in incomplete SCI patients relative to controls suggesting altered processing of afferent sensory signals. Conclusions In this work we demonstrate the use of spinal fMRI to investigate changes in spinal processing of somatosensory information in the human spinal cord. We provide evidence for plasticity of the human spinal cord after traumatic injury based on an increase in the average number of active voxels in dermatomes of normal sensation in chronic SCI patients and an increased number of intraspinal connections in incomplete SCI patients relative to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Cadotte
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachael Bosma
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Mikulis
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalia Nugaeva
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Smith
- Providence Health Care, Spinal Rehabilitation Unit, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Pokrupa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Islam
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Head & Neck Imaging, Kingston General and Hotel Dieu Hospitals, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick W. Stroman
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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