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De Luca R, Bonanno M, Rifici C, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS. Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193406. [PMID: 37521284 PMCID: PMC10374209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction (PTOD) consists of a complete or partial loss of olfactory function that may occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTOD may be linked to some neuropsychiatric features, such as social, cognitive and executive dysfunction, as well as behavioral symptoms, especially when TBI involves the orbito-frontal cortex. The diagnosis of PTOD is based on medical history and clinical data and it is supported by psychometric tests (i.e., subjective tools) as well as electrophysiological and neuroimaging measures (i.e., objective methods). The assessment methods allow monitoring the changes in olfactory function over time and help to establish the right therapeutic and rehabilitative approach. In this context, the use of the olfactory training (OT), which is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment option, could promote olfactory function through top-down (central) and bottom-up (peripheral) processes. To better manage patients with TBI, PTOD should be detected early and properly treated using the various therapeutic rehabilitative possibilities, both conventional and advanced, also taking into consideration the emerging neuromodulation approach.
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Zigrand C, Jobin B, Lecuyer Giguère F, Giguère JF, Boller B, Frasnelli J. Olfactory perception in patients with a mild traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study. Brain Inj 2022; 36:985-990. [PMID: 35946141 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate olfactory perception in patients with first time mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) 2-4 weeks (baseline) and 6 months (follow-up) following their trauma. METHODS At baseline, we enrolled 107 participants (54 healthy controls; 53 patients with mTBI). Thirty-nine healthy controls and 32 patients with mTBI returned for follow-up. We assessed odor detection (yes/no paradigm) and odor perception with a self-reported evaluation of intensity and pleasantness of four common odorants, by using an olfactometer, i.e., a computer controlled automated odor presentation device. RESULTS At baseline, patients with mTBI showed significantly more difficulty detecting odors; however, they perceived them as more intense and less pleasant. These effects vanished at follow-up. CONCLUSION These results suggest that patients with mTBI suffer from altered olfactory detection and perception in the first weeks following their trauma. This may have an impact on eating behavior and quality of life. Further, our data suggest recovery of olfactory function within the first six months following a head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Zigrand
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Jobin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fanny Lecuyer Giguère
- Research Center of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Boller
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Research Center of the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada
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