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Renzetti S, van Thriel C, Lucchini RG, Smith DR, Peli M, Borgese L, Cirelli P, Bilo F, Patrono A, Cagna G, Rechtman E, Idili S, Ongaro E, Calza S, Rota M, Wright RO, Claus Henn B, Horton MK, Placidi D. A multi-environmental source approach to explore associations between metals exposure and olfactory identification among school-age children residing in northern Italy. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:699-708. [PMID: 38802534 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposures can adversely impact olfactory function. Few studies have examined this association in children. Further, metal exposure occurs as a mixture, yet previous studies of metal-associated olfactory dysfunction only examined individual metals. Preventing olfactory dysfunctions can improve quality of life and prevent neurodegenerative diseases with long-term health implications. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the association between exposure to a mixture of 12 metals measured in environmental sources and olfactory function among children and adolescents residing in the industrialized province of Brescia, Italy. METHODS We enrolled 130 children between 6 and 13 years old (51.5% females) and used the "Sniffin' Sticks" test to measure olfactory performance in identifying smells. We used a portable X-ray fluorescence instrument to determine concentrations of metals (arsenic (As), calcium, cadmium (Cd), chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead (Pb), antimony, titanium, vanadium and zinc) in outdoor and indoor deposited dust and soil samples collected from participants' households. We used an extension of weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to test the association between exposure to metal mixtures in multiple environmental media and olfactory function adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, intelligence quotient and parents' smoking status. RESULTS A higher multi-source mixture was significantly associated with a reduced Sniffin' Sticks identification score (β = -0.228; 95% CI -0.433, -0.020). Indoor dust concentrations of Pb, Cd and As provided the strongest contributions to this association (13.8%, 13.3% and 10.1%, respectively). The metal mixture in indoor dust contributed more (for 8 metals out of 12) to the association between metals and olfactory function compared to soil or outdoor dust. IMPACT STATEMENT Among a mixture of 12 metals measured in three different environmental sources (soil, outdoor and indoor dust), we identified Pb, Cd and As measured in indoor dust as the main contributors to reduced olfactory function in children and adolescents residing in an industrialized area. Exposure to indoor pollution can be effectively reduced through individual and public health interventions allowing to prevent the deterioration of olfactory functions. Moreover, the identification of the factors that can deteriorate olfactory functions can be a helpful instrument to improve quality of life and prevent neurodegenerative diseases as long-term health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Neurotoxicology and Chemosensation, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Biochemical, Biomedical and Neurosciences, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Marco Peli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Borgese
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Cirelli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabjola Bilo
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Patrono
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Idili
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Ongaro
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rota
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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McBride DE, Bhattacharya A, Sucharew H, Brunst KJ, Barnas M, Cox C, Altman L, Hilbert TJ, Burkle J, Westneat S, Martin KV, Parsons PJ, Praamsma ML, Palmer CD, Kannan K, Smith DR, Wright R, Amarasiriwardena C, Dietrich KN, Cecil KM, Haynes EN. Child and Adolescent Manganese Biomarkers and Adolescent Postural Balance in Marietta CARES Cohort Participants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:57010. [PMID: 38780454 PMCID: PMC11114102 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) plays a significant role in both human health and global industries. Epidemiological studies of exposed populations demonstrate a dose-dependent association between Mn and neuromotor effects ranging from subclinical effects to a clinically defined syndrome. However, little is known about the relationship between early life Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance in participants from the longitudinal Marietta Communities Actively Researching Exposures Study (CARES) cohort. METHODS Participants were recruited into CARES when they were 7-9 y old, and reenrolled at 13-18 years of age. At both time points, participants provided samples of blood, hair, and toenails that were analyzed for blood Mn and lead (Pb), serum cotinine, hair Mn, and toenail Mn. In adolescence, participants completed a postural balance assessment. Greater sway indicates postural instability (harmful effect), whereas lesser sway indicates postural stability (beneficial effect). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to investigate the associations between childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers and adolescent postural balance adjusted for age, sex, height-weight ratio, parent/caregiver intelligence quotient, socioeconomic status, blood Pb, and serum cotinine. RESULTS CARES participants who completed the adolescent postural balance assessment (n = 123 ) were 98% White and 54% female and had a mean age of 16 y (range: 13-18 y). In both childhood and adolescence, higher Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater adolescent sway measures. Supplemental analyses revealed sex-specific associations; higher childhood Mn biomarker concentrations were significantly associated with greater sway in females compared with males. DISCUSSION This study found childhood and adolescent Mn biomarkers were associated with subclinical neuromotor effects in adolescence. This study demonstrates postural balance as a sensitive measure to assess the association between Mn biomarkers and neuromotor function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. McBride
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelly J. Brunst
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Barnas
- Department of Psychology, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, USA
| | - Cyndy Cox
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lorenna Altman
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy J. Hilbert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeff Burkle
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan Westneat
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kaitlin Vollet Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Patrick J. Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Meredith L. Praamsma
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Christopher D. Palmer
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Robert Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kim N. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin N. Haynes
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Liu J, Zhang X, Wang H. The cGAS-STING-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the neurotoxicity induced by manganese exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113680. [PMID: 36942606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has become a global health challenge. Exposure to heavy metals represents a major health risk. Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element but also an environmental pollutant. Mn exposure can induce neurotoxicity and lead to neurodegenerative disease. Inflammation and Tau hyperphosphorylation are prominent hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases induced by Mn exposure. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway can induce powerful innate immune defense programmes and has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation. In recent years, Mn2+ has been found to be the second activator of the cGAS-STING pathway in addition to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). NLRP3 activation is upstream of Tau pathology, and NLRP3 activation induces Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation. Mn exposure-induced neurotoxicity may be associated with excessive activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, leading to inflammation. The cGAS-STING/NLRP3 axis may be a promising option for revealing the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of Mn exposure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10808. [PMID: 36142718 PMCID: PMC9505762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Oleszkiewicz A, Schriever VA, Valder C, Agosin E, Altundag A, Avni H, Cao Van H, Cornejo C, Fishman G, Guarneros M, Gupta N, Kamel R, Knaapila A, Konstantinidis I, Landis BN, Larsson M, Lundström JN, Macchi A, Marino-Sanchez F, Mori E, Mullol J, Parma V, Propst EJ, Sandell MA, Sorokowska A, Vodicka J, Hummel T, Gellrich J. Hedonic perception of odors in children aged 5-8 years is similar across 18 countries: Preliminary data. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 157:111129. [PMID: 35443229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory preference emerges very early in life, and the sense of smell in children rapidly develops until the second decade of life. It is still unclear whether hedonic perception of odors is shared in children inhabiting different regions of the globe. METHODS Five-hundred ten healthy children (N = 510; ngirls = 256; nboys = 254) aged from 5 to 8 years from 18 countries rated the pleasantness of 17 odors. RESULTS The hedonic perception of odors in children aged between 5 and 8 years was rather consistent across 18 countries and mainly driven by the qualities of an odor and the overall ability of children to label odorants. CONCLUSION Conclusions from this study, being a secondary analysis, are limited to the presented set of odors that were initially selected for the development of U-Sniff test and present null findings for the cross-cultural variability in hedonic perception of odors across 18 countries. These two major issues should be addressed in the future to either contradict or replicate the results presented herewith. This research lays fundament for posing further research questions about the developmental aspects of hedonic perception of odors and opens a new door for investigating cross-cultural differences in chemosensory perception of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oleszkiewicz
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - V A Schriever
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Valder
- Systema Natura GmbH, Flintbek, Germany.
| | - E Agosin
- College of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - A Altundag
- Otorhinolaryngology Department of Biruni University Medical Faculty, Acibadem Taksim Hospital Otorhinolaryngology Department, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - H Avni
- Pediatric Feeding Disorders Clinic, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - H Cao Van
- Pediatric ENT Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngologie Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Cornejo
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - G Fishman
- Pediatric Otolaryngology, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - M Guarneros
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - R Kamel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - A Knaapila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - I Konstantinidis
- 2nd Otorhinolaryngology Department of Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - B N Landis
- Rhinology-Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngologie Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - M Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J N Lundström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Macchi
- ENT Clinic, University of Insubriae Varese, ASST Settelaghi, Italy.
| | - F Marino-Sanchez
- Unidad de Rinología y Cirugía de Base de Cráneo, Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Mori
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - J Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - V Parma
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, USA; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - E J Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - M A Sandell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - A Sorokowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - J Vodicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - J Gellrich
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.
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Ruiz-Azcona L, Markiv B, Expósito A, González-Aramburu I, Sierra M, Fernández-Olmo I, Santibáñez M. Biomonitoring and bioaccessibility of environmental airborne manganese in relation to motor function in a healthy adult population. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:195-207. [PMID: 34678399 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Santander, the capital of Cantabria, Spain (172,000 inhabitants) is 7 km from an industrial emission source (IES) of Mn located in a 10,000 inhabitants town (Maliaño) (annual air Mn arithmetic mean = 231.8 ng/m3; reference WHO guideline = 150 ng/m3). Our objective was to compare the motor function of adult healthy volunteers living in both places. METHODS Cross-sectional study analyzing 130 consecutive participants. Exposure to Mn was assessed in terms of source distance from the IES, by Personal Environmental Monitors (PEMs) carried for 24 h by participants consisting of a portable impactor connected to a personal pump, and by biomarkers (blood, hair and fingernails). The impactor allowed the separation of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10-2.5) particles and for each particle size in-vitro bioaccessibility tests with biologically active fluids were performed to separate the soluble (bioaccessible) from the insoluble (non-bioaccessible) fraction. Mean Differences (MDs) adjusted for age, sex, and study level, were obtained for motor function tests results. RESULTS Regarding Grooved Pegboard, overall mean time to complete the test was 59.31 and 65.27 seconds (Standard Deviation = 10.11 and 11.69) for dominant and nondominant hands respectively. Statistically significant higher times (indicating worse function) were observed when living near the IES in both hands but MDs of only 1.22 and 2.05 seconds were obtained after adjusting for the predefined confounders (p = 0.373 and 0.221 respectively). Regarding Mn levels in their PEMs (in both bioaccessible and non-bioaccessible coarse&fine fractions) higher times were computed in participants with higher levels for the bioaccessible-fine fraction, with a MD that diminished but still yielded statistical significance after controlling for confounding: adjusted MD = 3.01 more seconds; 95%CI (0.44-5.38), p = 0.022. Poorer results were also observed for fingernails levels. Regarding Finger Tapping Test, no statistically significant differences were found with the exception of Mn fingernails levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest poorer motor function as assessed by Grooved Pegboard test in relation to "proximity to IES", "bioaccessible-fine fraction as determined by PEMs and "Mn fingernails levels". However, our findings were affected by confounding, and only the adjusted MD for the Mn bioaccessible-fine fraction remained of sufficient magnitude to maintain statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Andrea Expósito
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Aramburu
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV-IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - María Sierra
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV-IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla, s/n, 39008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain; Nursing Research Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
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James J, Tsvik AM, Chung SY, Usseglio J, Gudis DA, Overdevest JB. Association between social determinants of health and olfactory function: a scoping review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2021; 11:1472-1493. [PMID: 34047496 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDoH) include the socioeconomic, demographic, and social conditions that influence differences in health status among individuals and groups. The impact of these conditions on olfactory function remains poorly understood. In this scoping review, we systematically review the available literature to synthesize the association between SDoH and olfactory function. METHODS In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we performed systematic search queries in PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases and categorized articles according to themes that emerged regarding SDoH. The primary outcomes included self-reported and objective measurements of smell. RESULTS We identified 722 unique references that underwent title and abstract review by two independent reviewers, with 70 articles undergoing full-text review and 57 relevant for data extraction. Six themes emerged in our review, under which we categorized the studies and synthesized respective associations with olfactory function. These include studies exploring socioeconomic status (n = 19, 33%), education status (n = 27, 47%), occupational exposures (n = 26, 46%), racial/ethnic disparities (n = 12, 21%), and lifestyle/behavioral factors (n = 33, 58%). CONCLUSIONS Within the context of this scoping review, olfactory dysfunction is significantly more prevalent in patients with lower socioeconomic status, exposure to environmental and occupational toxins, and of minority race/ethnicity, whereas the associations between olfactory dysfunction and education level and lifestyle factors such as smoking and drinking seem to be much more elusive. This review highlights the importance of accounting for SDoH in observational studies examining olfactory outcomes. Given the increased awareness of olfactory loss, special consideration should be given to understanding olfactory dysfunction in the context of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel James
- City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Avraham M Tsvik
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Sei Y Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - David A Gudis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Ruiz-Azcona L, Fernández-Olmo I, Expósito A, Markiv B, Paz-Zulueta M, Parás-Bravo P, Sarabia-Cobo C, Santibáñez M. Impact of Environmental Airborne Manganese Exposure on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084075. [PMID: 33924318 PMCID: PMC8068914 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective: Whether environmental exposure to Manganese (Mn) in adults is associated with poorer results in cognitive and motor function is unclear. We aimed to determine these associations through a meta-analysis of published studies. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify epidemiological studies on a population ≥18 years old exposed to environmental airborne Mn, and in which results on specific tests to evaluate cognitive or motor functions were reported. We consulted Medline through PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. We also performed a manual search within the list of bibliographic references of the retrieved studies and systematic reviews. To weight Mn effects, a random effects versus fixed effect model was chosen after studying the heterogeneity of each outcome. Results. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Among them, eleven studies reported data susceptible for meta-analysis through a pooled correlation or a standardized means difference (SMD) approach between exposed and non-exposed groups. Regarding cognitive function, the results of the studies showed heterogeneity among them (I2 = 76.49%, p < 0.001). The overall effect was a statistically significant negative correlation in the random effects model (pooled r = −0.165; 95%CI: −0.214 to −0.116; p < 0.001). For SMD, the results showed a lower heterogeneity with a negative SMD that did not reach statistical significance under the fixed effects model (SMD = −0.052; 95%CI −0.108 to 0.004; p = 0.068). Regarding motor function, heterogeneity (I2 = 75%) was also observed in the correlation approach with a pooled r (random effect model) = −0.150; 95%CI: −0.219 to −0.079; p < 0.001. Moderate heterogeneity was observed according to the SMD approach (I2 = 52.28%), with a pooled SMD = −0.136; 95%CI: −0.188 to−0.084; p < 0.001, indicating worse motor function in those exposed. Conclusions: Correlation approach results support a negative effect on cognitive and motor functions (the higher the Mn levels, the poorer the scores). Regarding the SMD approach, results also support a worse cognitive and motor functions in those exposed, although only for motor function statistical significance was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (I.F.-O.); (A.E.); (B.M.)
| | - Andrea Expósito
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (I.F.-O.); (A.E.); (B.M.)
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (I.F.-O.); (A.E.); (B.M.)
| | - María Paz-Zulueta
- Economía de la Salud y Gestión de Servicios Sanitarios Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (M.P.-Z.); (P.P.-B.)
- Research Health and Bioethics Law Group, GRIDES, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Paula Parás-Bravo
- Economía de la Salud y Gestión de Servicios Sanitarios Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain; (M.P.-Z.); (P.P.-B.)
- Cuidados Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
| | - Carmen Sarabia-Cobo
- Cuidados Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
- Research Nursing Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain;
- Research Nursing Group, IDIVAL, Calle Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
- Correspondence:
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9
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Fernández-Olmo I, Mantecón P, Markiv B, Ruiz-Azcona L, Santibáñez M. A Review on the Environmental Exposure to Airborne Manganese, Biomonitoring, and Neurological/Neuropsychological Outcomes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:85-130. [PMID: 32474705 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The occupational exposure to airborne manganese (Mn) has been linked for decades with neurological effects. With respect to its environmental exposure, the first reviews on this matter stated that the risk posed to human health by this kind of exposure was still unknown. Later, many studies have been developed to analyze the association between environmental Mn exposure and health effects, most of them including the measure of Mn in selected human biomarkers. This review aims at collecting and organizing the literature dealing with the environmental airborne Mn exposure (other routes of exposure were intentionally removed from this review), the biomonitoring of this metal in different body matrices (e.g., blood, urine, nails, hair), and the association between exposure and several adverse health effects, such as, e.g., neurocognitive, neurodevelopmental, or neurobehavioral outcomes. From the different exposure routes, inhalation was the only one considered in this review, to take into account the areas influenced by industrial activities closely related to the Mn industry (ferromanganese and silicomanganese plants, Mn ore mines, and their processing plants) and by traffic in countries where a fuel additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), has been used for years. In these areas, high air Mn levels have been reported in comparison with the annual Reference Concentration (RfC) given by the US EPA for Mn, 50 ng/m3. This review was performed using Scopus and MEDLINE databases with a keyword search strategy that took into account that each valid reference should include at least participants that were exposed to environmental airborne Mn and that were subjected to analysis of Mn in biomarkers or subjected to neurological/neuropsychological tests or both. Overall, 47 references matching these criteria were included in the discussion. Most of them report the measure of Mn in selected biomarkers (N = 43) and the assessment of different neurological outcomes (N = 31). A negative association is usually obtained between Mn levels in hair and some neurological outcomes, such as cognitive, motor, olfactory, and emotional functions, but not always significant. However, other biomarkers, such as blood and urine, do not seem to reflect the chronic environmental exposure to low/moderate levels of airborne Mn. Further studies combining the determination of the Mn exposure through environmental airborne sources and biomarkers of exposure and the evaluation of at least cognitive and motor functions are needed to better understand the effects of chronic non-occupational exposure to airborne Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández-Olmo
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - Paula Mantecón
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Bohdana Markiv
- Dpto. de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz-Azcona
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Miguel Santibáñez
- Global Health Research Group, Dpto. Enfermería, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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10
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Lin G, Li X, Cheng X, Zhao N, Zheng W. Manganese Exposure Aggravates β-Amyloid Pathology by Microglial Activation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:556008. [PMID: 33244298 PMCID: PMC7685005 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.556008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidemiological evidence and animal experimental data suggest that chronic manganese (Mn) exposure increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid plaques, a hallmark of AD brain pathology, but the underlying mechanisms were not fully understood. Using the transgenic APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic AD (3×Tg-AD) mouse model and mouse-derived microglia and neuroblastoma cell lines, we found that chronic 5-month Mn treatment increased beta amyloid peptide (Aβ) expression and Aβ plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in these 3×Tg-AD mice. Furthermore, we found that the β- and γ-secretase cleavage activities were markedly increased, while α-secretase cleavage activity was reduced in the brain of Mn-treated AD mice; these effects increase Aβ production and thus are amyloidogenic. Equally important, Mn treatment alone did not alter β-secretase 1 (BACE1) gene expression or Aβ production in amyloidogenic mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene hAPPsw-transfected N2a cells (APPsw-N2a), but in APPsw-N2a cells either co-cultured with microglia or cultured with microglia-conditioned media, Mn exposure increased BACE1 expression and amyloidogenesis. We further determined that Mn exposure promoted the activation of microglia both in 3×Tg-AD mouse brains and in cultured microglia cells, and increased the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Taken together, these results suggest that Mn may increase the release of IL-1β and TNF-α from microglia that in turn stimulates the expression of BACE1 gene and protein and consequently Aβ production; this novel molecular mechanism not only advances our understanding about the amyloidogenic effect of chronic Mn exposure reported for special human populations but also indicates Mn dyshomeostasis as a potential contributor to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinlu Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Neurotoxicity and Chemoreception: A Systematic Review of Neurotoxicity Effects on Smell and Taste. Neurol Clin 2020; 38:965-981. [PMID: 33040872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Several different types of exposure have the potential to produce olfactory and gustatory deficits related to neurotoxicity. Although the literature contains relatively few studies of such chemoreceptive dysfunction in the context of toxic exposure, this review explores the strength of such published associations. Several studies collectively demonstrated moderately strong evidence for an association between manganese dust exposure and olfactory deficits. Evidence of associations between individual chemicals, therapeutics, and composites, such as World Trade Center debris, and olfactory and gustatory deficits remains limited or mixed. Further need for controlled studies for clinical management, exposure limits, and policy development is identified.
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12
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Guarneros M, López-Rivera C, Gonsebatt ME, Alcaraz-Zubeldia M, Hummel T, Schriever VA, Valdez B, Hudson R. Metal-containing Particulate Matter and Associated Reduced Olfactory Identification Ability in Children from an Area of High Atmospheric Exposure in Mexico City. Chem Senses 2019; 45:45-58. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAir pollution has been linked to poor olfactory function in human adults. Among pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is especially relevant, as it may contain toxic metal ions that can reach the brain via olfactory pathways. Our purpose was to investigate the relation between atmospheric PM and olfactory identification performance in children. Using a validated method, we tested the olfactory identification performance of 120 children, 6–12 years old, from two locations in Mexico City: a focal group (n = 60) from a region with high PM levels and a control group of equal size and similar socioeconomic level from a region with markedly lower PM concentrations. Groups were matched for age and sex. Concentrations of manganese and lead in the hair of participants were determined as biomarkers of exposure. Daily outdoor PM levels were obtained from official records, and indoor PM levels were measured in the children’s classrooms. Official records confirmed higher levels of outdoor PM in the focal region during the days of testing. We also found higher classroom PM concentrations at the focal site. Children from the focal site had on average significantly lower olfactory identification scores than controls, and hair analysis showed significantly higher levels of manganese for the focal children but no difference in lead. Children appear to be vulnerable to the effects of air pollution on olfactory identification performance, and metal-containing particles likely play a role in this. Olfactory tests provide a sensitive, noninvasive means to assess central nervous function in populations facing poor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Guarneros
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina López-Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Gonsebatt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mireya Alcaraz-Zubeldia
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía ‘Manuel Velasco Suárez’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Taste and Smell Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valentin A Schriever
- Taste and Smell Clinic, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bertha Valdez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robyn Hudson
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Arnold C. Sensory Overload? Air Pollution and Impaired Olfaction. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:62001. [PMID: 31190551 PMCID: PMC6791585 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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14
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Rolle-McFarland D, Liu Y, Mostafaei F, Zauber SE, Zhou Y, Li Y, Fan Q, Zheng W, Nie LH, Wells EM. The association of bone, fingernail and blood manganese with cognitive and olfactory function in Chinese workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:1003-1010. [PMID: 30970467 PMCID: PMC6461352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Occupational manganese (Mn) exposure has been associated with cognitive and olfactory dysfunction; however, few studies have incorporated cumulative biomarkers of Mn exposure such as bone Mn (BnMn). Our goal was to assess the cross-sectional association between BnMn, blood Mn (BMn), and fingernail Mn (FMn) with cognitive and olfactory function among Mn-exposed workers. A transportable in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) system was designed and utilized to assess BnMn among 60 Chinese workers. BMn and FMn were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive and olfactory function was assessed using Animal and Fruit Naming tests, World Health Organization/University of California-Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Additional data were obtained via questionnaire. Regression models adjusted for age, education, factory of employment, and smoking status (UPSIT only), were used to assess the relationship between Mn biomarkers and test scores. In adjusted models, increasing BnMn was significantly associated with decreased performance on average AVLT scores [β (95% confidence interval (CI)) = -0.65 (-1.21, -0.09)] and Animal Naming scores [β (95% CI) = -1.54 (-3.00, -0.07)]. Increasing FMn was significantly associated with reduced performance measured by the average AVLT [β (95% CI) = -0.35 (-0.70, -0.006)] and the difference in AVLT scores [β (95% CI) = -0.40 (-0.77, -0.03)]. BMn was not significantly associated with any test scores; no significant associations were observed with Fruit Naming or UPSIT tests. BnMn and FMn, but not BMn, are associated with cognitive function in Mn-exposed workers. None of the biomarkers were significantly associated with olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Rolle-McFarland
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yingzi Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Farshad Mostafaei
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Elizabeth Zauber
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Fan
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Linda H Nie
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ellen M Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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15
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Hsu HW, Bondy SC, Kitazawa M. Environmental and Dietary Exposure to Copper and Its Cellular Mechanisms Linking to Alzheimer's Disease. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:338-345. [PMID: 29409005 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are commonly found in the environment, household, and workplaces in various forms, and a significant segment of the population is routinely exposed to the trace amount of metals from variety of sources. Exposure to metals, such as aluminum, lead, iron, and copper, from environment has long been debated as a potential environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) for decades, yet results from in vitro, in vivo, and human population remain controversial. In the case of copper, the neurotoxic mechanism of action was classically viewed as its strong affinity to amyloid-beta (Aβ) to help its aggregation and increase oxidative stress via Fenton reaction. Thus, it has been thought that accumulation of copper mediates neurotoxicity, and removing it from the brain prevents or reverse Aβ plaque burden. Recent evidence, however, suggests dyshomeostasis of copper and its valency in the body, instead of the accumulation and interaction with Aβ, are major determinants of its beneficial effects as an essential metal or its neurotoxic counterpart. This notion is also supported by the fact that genetic loss-of-function mutations on copper transporters lead to severe neurological symptoms. Along with its altered distribution, recent studies have also proposed novel mechanisms of copper neurotoxicity mediated by nonneuronal cell lineages in the brain, such as capillary endothelial cells, leading to development of AD neuropathology. This review covers recent findings of multifactorial toxic mechanisms of copper and discusses the risk of environmental exposure as a potential factor in accounting for the variability of AD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Stephen C Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92617
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16
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Abstract
This review addresses the adverse influences of neurotoxic exposures on the ability to smell and taste. These chemical senses largely determine the flavor of foods and beverages, impact food intake, and ultimately nutrition, and provide a warning for spoiled or poisonous food, leaking natural gas, smoke, airborne pollutants, and other hazards. Hence, toxicants that damage these senses have a significant impact on everyday function. As noted in detail, a large number of toxicants encountered in urban and industrial air pollution, including smoke, solvents, metals, and particulate matter can alter the ability to smell. Their influence on taste, i.e., sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory (umami) sensations, is not well documented. Given the rather direct exposure of olfactory receptors to the outside environment, olfaction is particularly vulnerable to damage from toxicants. Some toxicants, such as nanoparticles, have the potential to damage not only the olfactory receptor cells, but also the central nervous system structures by their entrance into the brain through the olfactory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center and Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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17
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Lee SJ, Kim EM, Cho SH, Song J, Jang TW, Lee MY. Risk of olfactory dysfunction of the workers in the automobile repair, printing, shoemaking and plating industries in Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022678. [PMID: 30391915 PMCID: PMC6231553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in workers exposed to hazardous substances in a variety of occupations in Korea. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional study. The exposed group (n=296) consisted of Korean workers in the automobile repair, printing, shoemaking and plating industries and was compared with office workers (non-exposed group, n=99). A self-report questionnaire was administered to the subjects for demographic characteristics. In addition, olfactory function was evaluated using the Korean version of Sniffin's Stick (KVSS) I and II test, which has been reported to be valid and reliable in Korean subjects. KVSS I score ≥7 or KVSS II score ≥30 was classified as normal, KVSS I score <7 or KVSS II score <30 was classified as oflactory dysfunction. The statistical analyses were performed with olfactory dysfunction as a dependent variable to calculate prevalence ratio (PR) of the exposed group. RESULTS The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 21.2% in office, 45.1% in automobile repair, 69.7% in printing and 88.9% in shoemaking and plating workers. The adjusted PR was highest in plating (3.589, 95% CI 1.957 to 6.583), followed by shoemaking (3.136, 95% CI 1.763 to 5.579), printing (2.669, 95% CI 1.610 to 4.424) and automobile repair (1.914, 95% CI 1.105 to 3.317) workers. CONCLUSIONS In comparison with office workers, the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and the PR of olfactory dysfunction were very high in the four occupational groups. This finding could be an important basis for establishing the olfactory dysfunction prevention policy for workers who are exposed to hazardous substances or work in high-risk occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaechul Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Won Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Occupational Health Research Bureau, Occupational Safety and Research Institute, Ulsan, Korea
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18
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Werner S, Nies E. Olfactory dysfunction revisited: a reappraisal of work-related olfactory dysfunction caused by chemicals. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 30202422 DOI: 10.1186/s12995‐018‐0209‐6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to numerous individual chemicals has been associated with olfactory dysfunction, mainly in individual case descriptions. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations into the olfactotoxic effect of working substances show that the human sense of smell may be impaired by exposure to metal compounds involving cadmium, chromium and nickel, and to formaldehyde. This conclusion is supported by the results of animal experiments. The level of evidence for a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and workplace exposure to other substances is relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Werner
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Nies
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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19
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Werner S, Nies E. Olfactory dysfunction revisited: a reappraisal of work-related olfactory dysfunction caused by chemicals. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:28. [PMID: 30202422 PMCID: PMC6124006 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to numerous individual chemicals has been associated with olfactory dysfunction, mainly in individual case descriptions. Comprehensive epidemiological investigations into the olfactotoxic effect of working substances show that the human sense of smell may be impaired by exposure to metal compounds involving cadmium, chromium and nickel, and to formaldehyde. This conclusion is supported by the results of animal experiments. The level of evidence for a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and workplace exposure to other substances is relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Werner
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Eberhard Nies
- Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Unit Toxicology of Industrial Chemicals, Alte Heerstrasse 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Muratori F, Tonacci A, Billeci L, Catalucci T, Igliozzi R, Calderoni S, Narzisi A. Olfactory Processing in Male Children with Autism: Atypical Odor Threshold and Identification. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:3243-3251. [PMID: 28744761 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensory issues are of great interest in ASD diagnosis. However, their investigation is mainly based on external observation (parent reports), with methodological limitations. Unobtrusive olfactory assessment allows studying autism neurosensoriality. Here, 20 male children with high-functioning ASD and 20 matched controls were administered a complete olfactory test battery, assessing olfactory threshold, identification and discrimination. ASD children show lower sensitivity (p = 0.041), lower identification (p = 0.014), and intact odor discrimination (p = 0.199) than controls. Comparing olfactory and clinical scores, a significant correlation was found in ASD between olfactory threshold and the CBCL social problems (p = 0.011) and aggressive behavior (p = 0.012) sub-scales. The pattern featuring peripheral hyposensitivity, high-order difficulties in odor identification and regular subcortical odor discrimination is discussed in light of hypo-priors hypothesis for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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Nikoletopoulou V, Tavernarakis N. The PMR1 pump in alpha-synuclein toxicity and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2018; 663:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Misiak MM, Hipolito MS, Ressom HW, Obisesan TO, Manaye KF, Nwulia EA. Apo E4 Alleles and Impaired Olfaction as Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 3:169. [PMID: 29423459 PMCID: PMC5800509 DOI: 10.4172/2471-2701.1000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that affects more than 5 million Americans. It is the only disease among the 10 causes of death that cannot be slowed or cured, thus raising the need for identification of early preclinical markers that could be the focus of preventative efforts. Although evidence is escalating that abnormalities in olfactory structure and function precede AD development and early cognitive impairments by one or more decades, the importance of olfaction is largely overlooked in AD, and such testing is not routinely performed in neurology clinics. Nevertheless, research using the olfactory model, has begun to advance our understanding of the preclinical pathophysiology of AD. Notably, an interesting series of studies is beginning to illuminate the relationship between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 polymorphism and olfactory dysfunction and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we reviewed present research on the significance of ApoE and olfaction to AD, summarized current studies on the associations and mechanisms of ApoE and olfactory dysfunction, and highlighted important gaps for future work to further advance the translational application of the olfactory paradigm to early, preclinical diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Physiology, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - MariaMananita S Hipolito
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Habtom W Ressom
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Evaristus A Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Foster ML, Rao DB, Francher T, Traver S, Dorman DC. Olfactory toxicity in rats following manganese chloride nasal instillation: A pilot study. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:284-290. [PMID: 28917718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Following inhalation, manganese travels along the olfactory nerve from the olfactory epithelium (OE) to the olfactory bulb (OB). Occupational exposure to inhaled manganese is associated with changes in olfactory function. This pilot study evaluated two related hypotheses: (a) intranasal manganese administration increases OE and OB manganese concentrations; and (b) intranasal manganese exposure impairs performance of previously trained rats on a go-no-go olfactory discrimination (OD) task. Male Fischer 344 rats were trained to either lever press ("go") in response to a positive conditioned stimulus (CS+: vanillin) or to do nothing ("no go") when a negative conditioned stimulus (CS-: amyl acetate) was present. Following odor training, rats were randomly assigned to either a manganese (200mM MnCl2) or 0.9% saline treatment group (n=4-5 rats/group). Administration of either saline or manganese was performed on isoflurane-anesthetized rats as 40μL bilateral intranasal instillations. Rats were retested 48h later using the vanillin/amyl acetate OD task, then euthanized, followed by collection of the OE and OB. Manganese concentrations in tissue samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. An additional cohort of rats (n=3-4/group) was instilled similarly with saline or manganese and nasal and OB pathology assessed 48h later. Manganese-exposed rats had increased manganese levels in both the OE and OB and decreased performance in the OD task when compared with control animals. Histopathological evaluation of the caudal nasal cavity showed moderate, acute to subacute suppurative inflammation of the olfactory epithelium and submucosa of the ethmoid turbinates and mild suppurative exudate in the nasal sinuses in animals given manganese. No histologic changes were evident in the OB. The nasal instillation and OD procedures developed in this study are useful methods to assess manganese - induced olfactory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Foster
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Deepa B Rao
- Division of Psychiatry Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA.
| | - Taylor Francher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Samantha Traver
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David C Dorman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Olfaction is often viewed as difficult, yet the empirical evidence suggests a different picture. A closer look shows people around the world differ in their ability to detect, discriminate, and name odors. This gives rise to the question of what influences our ability to smell. Instead of focusing on olfactory deficiencies, this review presents a positive perspective by focusing on factors that make someone a better smeller. We consider three driving forces in improving olfactory ability: one’s biological makeup, one’s experience, and the environment. For each factor, we consider aspects proposed to improve odor perception and critically examine the evidence; as well as introducing lesser discussed areas. In terms of biology, there are cases of neurodiversity, such as olfactory synesthesia, that serve to enhance olfactory ability. Our lifetime experience, be it typical development or unique training experience, can also modify the trajectory of olfaction. Finally, our odor environment, in terms of ambient odor or culinary traditions, can influence odor perception too. Rather than highlighting the weaknesses of olfaction, we emphasize routes to harnessing our olfactory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Majid
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Speed
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja Croijmans
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Artin Arshamian
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Olfactory Function in Latino Farmworkers: Subclinical Neurological Effects of Pesticide Exposure in a Vulnerable Population. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 58:248-53. [PMID: 26949874 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared olfactory function in pesticide-exposed Latino farmworkers and nonfarmworkers to explore its use as a subclinical indicator of neurological pesticide effects. METHODS We recruited 304 current farmworkers and 247 nonfarmworkers. All completed odor identification (14 odors) and threshold tests (16 concentrations of n-butanol) using a well-established methodology. RESULTS Farmworkers reported significantly greater lifetime pesticide exposure. Performance on both olfactory tests declined with age. Odor identification performance did not differ between groups. For odor threshold, farmworkers needed significantly higher concentrations to detect the odor. Results were unchanged when adjusted for sex, age, and smoking. CONCLUSION Olfactory function differences between farmworkers and nonfarmworkers suggest possible neurological effects. Because declining olfactory function is an early symptom of Parkinson disease and related conditions, it is a possible subclinical indicator of neurodegenerative disease in this vulnerable worker population.
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Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that plays a fundamental role for brain development and functioning. Environmental exposure to Mn may lead to accumulation in the basal ganglia and development of Parkinson-like disorders. The most recent research is focusing on early-life overexposure to Mn and the potential vulnerability of younger individuals to Mn toxicity also in regard to cognitive and executive functions through the involvement of the frontal cortex.Neurodevelopmental disturbances are increasing in the society, and understanding the potential role of environmental determinants is a key for prevention. Therefore, assessing the environmental sources of Mn exposure and the mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity and defining appropriate biomarkers of exposure and early functional alterations represent key issues to improve and address preventive strategies. These themes will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Casjens S, Pesch B, Robens S, Kendzia B, Behrens T, Weiss T, Ulrich N, Arendt M, Eisele L, Pundt N, Marr A, van Thriel C, Van Gelder R, Aschner M, Moebus S, Dragano N, Jöckel KH, Brüning T. Associations between former exposure to manganese and olfaction in an elderly population: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Neurotoxicology 2017; 58:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ajmani GS, Suh HH, Pinto JM. Effects of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Olfaction: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1683-1693. [PMID: 27285588 PMCID: PMC5089874 DOI: 10.1289/ehp136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction affects millions of people worldwide. This sensory impairment is associated with neurodegenerative disease and significantly decreased quality of life. Exposure to airborne pollutants has been implicated in olfactory decline, likely due to the anatomic susceptibility of the olfactory nerve to the environment. Historically, studies have focused on occupational exposures, but more recent studies have considered effects from exposure to ambient air pollutants. OBJECTIVES To examine all relevant human data evaluating a link between ambient pollution exposure and olfaction and to review supporting animal data in order to examine potential mechanisms for pollution-associated olfactory loss. METHODS We identified and reviewed relevant articles from 1950 to 2015 using PubMed and Web of Science and focusing on human epidemiologic and pathophysiologic studies. Animal studies were included only to support pertinent data on humans. We reviewed findings from these studies evaluating a relationship between environmental pollutant exposure and olfactory function. RESULTS We identified and reviewed 17 articles, with 1 additional article added from a bibliography search, for a total of 18 human studies. There is evidence in human epidemiologic and pathologic studies that increased exposure to ambient air pollutants is associated with olfactory dysfunction. However, most studies have used proxies for pollution exposure in small samples of convenience. Human pathologic studies, with supporting animal work, have also shown that air pollution can contact the olfactory epithelium, translocate to the olfactory bulb, and migrate to the olfactory cortex. Pollutants can deposit at each location, causing direct damage and disruption of tissue morphology or inducing local inflammation and cellular stress responses. CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollution may impact human olfactory function. Additional studies are needed to examine air pollution-related olfactory impacts on the general population using measured pollution exposures and to link pollution exposure with olfactory dysfunction and related pathology. Citation: Ajmani GS, Suh HH, Pinto JM. 2016. Effects of ambient air pollution exposure on olfaction: a review. Environ Health Perspect 124:1683-1693; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S. Ajmani
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen H. Suh
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Address correspondence to J.M. Pinto, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, MC103, 5841 South Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60647 USA. Telephone: (773) 702-6727. E-mail:
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Iannilli E, Gasparotti R, Hummel T, Zoni S, Benedetti C, Fedrighi C, Tang CY, Van Thriel C, Lucchini RG. Effects of Manganese Exposure on Olfactory Functions in Teenagers: A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144783. [PMID: 26765332 PMCID: PMC4713423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to environmental manganese (Mn) affects not only attention and neuromotor functions but also olfactory functions of a pre-adolescent local population who have spent their whole life span in contaminated areas. In order to investigate the effect of such exposure at the level of the central nervous system we set up a pilot fMRI experiment pointing at differences of brain activities between a non-exposed population (nine subjects) and an exposed one (three subjects). We also measured the volume of the olfactory bulb as well as the identification of standard olfactory stimuli. Our results suggest that young subjects exposed to Mn exhibit a reduction of BOLD signal, subjective odor sensitivity and olfactory bulb volume. Moreover a region of interest SPM analysis showed a specifically reduced response of the limbic system in relation to Mn exposure, suggesting an alteration of the brain network dealing with emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Iannilli
- Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Hummel
- Interdisciplinary Center "Smell & Taste", Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cheuk Ying Tang
- Radiology & Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Christoph Van Thriel
- Neurotoxicology and Chemosensation, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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Tonacci A, Billeci L, Tartarisco G, Ruta L, Muratori F, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. [Formula: see text]Olfaction in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Child Neuropsychol 2015; 23:1-25. [PMID: 26340690 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1081678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory function is a well-known early biomarker for neurodegeneration and neural functioning in the adult population, being supported by a number of brain structures that could be dysfunctioning in neurodegenerative processes. Evidence has suggested that atypical sensory and, particularly, olfactory processing is present in several neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this paper, we present data obtained by a systematic literature review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, regarding the possible association between olfaction and ASDs, and analyze them critically in order to evaluate the occurrence of olfactory impairment in ASDs, as well as the possible usefulness of olfactory evaluation in such conditions. The results obtained in this analysis suggested a possible involvement of olfactory impairment in ASDs, underlining the importance of olfactory evaluation in the clinical assessment of ASDs. This assessment could be potentially included as a complementary evaluation in the diagnostic protocol of the condition. Methods for study selection and inclusion criteria were specified in advance and documented in PROSPERO protocol #CRD42014013939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tonacci
- a National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Clinical Physiology , IFC-CNR, Pisa Unit , Pisa , Italy
| | - Lucia Billeci
- a National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Clinical Physiology , IFC-CNR, Pisa Unit , Pisa , Italy
| | - Gennaro Tartarisco
- b National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Clinical Physiology , IFC-CNR, Messina Unit , Messina , Italy
| | - Liliana Ruta
- b National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Clinical Physiology , IFC-CNR, Messina Unit , Messina , Italy.,c Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Calambrone, Pisa , Italy
| | - Filippo Muratori
- c Department of Developmental Neuroscience , Stella Maris Scientific Institute , Calambrone, Pisa , Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- b National Research Council of Italy - Institute of Clinical Physiology , IFC-CNR, Messina Unit , Messina , Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- d Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital "G. Martino" , Messina , Italy
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Chen P, Chakraborty S, Mukhopadhyay S, Lee E, Paoliello MMB, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese homeostasis in the nervous system. J Neurochem 2015; 134:601-10. [PMID: 25982296 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential heavy metal that is naturally found in the environment. Daily intake through dietary sources provides the necessary amount required for several key physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, immune function and others. However, overexposure from environmental sources can result in a condition known as manganism that features symptomatology similar to Parkinson's disease (PD). This disorder presents with debilitating motor and cognitive deficits that arise from a neurodegenerative process. In order to maintain a balance between its essentiality and neurotoxicity, several mechanisms exist to properly buffer cellular Mn levels. These include transporters involved in Mn uptake, and newly discovered Mn efflux mechanisms. This review will focus on current studies related to mechanisms underlying Mn import and export, primarily the Mn transporters, and their function and roles in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Though and essential metal, overexposure to manganese may result in neurodegenerative disease analogous to Parkinson's disease. Manganese homeostasis is tightly regulated by transporters, including transmembrane importers (divalent metal transporter 1, transferrin and its receptor, zinc transporters ZIP8 and Zip14, dopamine transporter, calcium channels, choline transporters and citrate transporters) and exporters (ferroportin and SLC30A10), as well as the intracellular trafficking proteins (SPCA1 and ATP12A2). A manganese-specific sensor, GPP130, has been identified, which affords means for monitoring intracellular levels of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Science, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Sorokowska A, Sorokowski P, Frackowiak T. Determinants of human olfactory performance: a cross-cultural study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 506-507:196-200. [PMID: 25460952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction allows us to detect subtle changes in our environment, but sensitivity of the sense of smell varies among individuals. Although a significant number of research papers discuss the relationship between olfactory abilities and environmental factors, most studies have been conducted on Western populations or in developed Asian societies. The potential environmental and cultural determinants of olfactory acuity warrant further exploration. In the current study, we compared previously published data on olfaction in an industrialized, modern society (i.e., Europeans) and an indigenous society living in unpolluted, natural environmental conditions (i.e., Tsimane'), with novel data on the olfactory acuity of inhabitants of the Cook Islands. Like the European population (and contrary to the Tsimane'), the Cook Islands people form a modern society, and like the Tsimane' population (and contrary to the Europeans), they live in an unpolluted region. Thus, these comparisons enabled us to independently assess the importance of both air pollution and changes in lifestyle for olfactory abilities in modern societies. Our results indicate that people from the Cook Islands had significantly higher olfactory acuity (i.e., lower thresholds of odor detection) than did Europeans and Tsimane' people. Interestingly, the olfactory sensitivity of Europeans was significantly lower than the olfactory sensitivity of the remaining two groups. Our data suggest that air pollution is an important factor in the deterioration of the sense of smell. However, it is also possible that factors such as agricultural and/or cooking practices, alcohol consumption, and access to medical service may also influence olfactory acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sorokowska
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Abstract
The central nervous system's extrapyramidal system provides involuntary motor control to the muscles of the head, neck, and limbs. Toxicants that affect the extrapyramidal system are generally clinically characterized by impaired motor control, which is usually the result of basal ganglionic dysfunction. A variety of extrapyramidal syndromes are recognized in humans and include Parkinson's disease, secondary parkinsonism, other degenerative diseases of the basal ganglia, and clinical syndromes that result in dystonia, dyskinesia, essential tremor, and other forms of tremor and chorea. This chapter briefly reviews the anatomy of the extrapyramidal system and discusses several naturally occurring and experimental models that target the mammalian (nonhuman) extrapyramidal system. Topics discussed include extrapyramidal syndromes associated with antipsychotic drugs, carbon monoxide, reserpine, cyanide, rotenone, paraquat, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), and manganese. In most cases, animals are used as experimental models to improve our understanding of the toxicity and pathogenesis of these agents. Another agent discussed in this chapter, yellowstar thistle poisoning in horses, however, represents an important spontaneous cause of parkinsonism that naturally occurs in animals. The central focus of the chapter is on animal models, especially the concordance between clinical signs, neurochemical changes, and neuropathology between animals and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dorman
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Guarneros M, Hudson R, López-Palacios M, Drucker-Colín R. Reference Values of Olfactory Function for Mexico City Inhabitants. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen P, Chakraborty S, Peres TV, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Manganese-induced Neurotoxicity: From C. elegans to Humans. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014; 4:191-202. [PMID: 25893090 DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most abundant metals on the earth. It is required for normal cellular activities, but overexposure leads to toxicity. Neurons are more susceptible to Mn-induced toxicity than other cells, and accumulation of Mn in the brain results in Manganism that presents with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like symptoms. In the last decade, a number of Mn transporters have been identified, which improves our understanding of Mn transport in and out of cells. However, the mechanism of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is only partially uncovered, with further research needed to explore the whole picture of Mn-induced toxicity. In this review, we will address recent progress in Mn-induced neurotoxicity from C. elegans to humans, and explore future directions that will help understand the mechanisms of its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA ; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Fasunla AJ, Douglas DD, Adeosun AA, Steinbach S, Nwaorgu OGB. Effect of strong fragrance on olfactory detection threshold. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 151:438-42. [PMID: 24898071 DOI: 10.1177/0194599814536851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the olfactory threshold of healthy volunteers at the University College Hospital, Ibadan and to investigate the effect of perfume on their olfactory detection thresholds. STUDY DESIGN A quasi-experimental study on olfactory detection thresholds of healthy volunteers from September 2013 to November 2013. SETTING Tertiary health institution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A structured questionniare was administered to the participants in order to obtain information on sociodemographics, occupation, ability to perceive smell, use of perfume, effects of perfume on appetite and self-confidence, history of allergy, and previous nasal surgery. Participants subjectively rated their olfactory performance. Subsequently, they had olfactory detection threshold testing done at baseline and after exposure to perfume with varied concentrations of n-butanol in a forced triple response and staircase fashion. RESULTS Healthy volunteers, 37 males and 63 females, were evaluated. Their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with a mean of 31 years ± 8. Subjectively, 94% of the participants had excellent olfactory function. In the pre-exposure forced triple response, 88% were able to detect the odor at ≤.25 mmol/l concentration while in the post-exposure forced triple response, only 66% were able to detect the odor at ≤.25 mmol/l concentration. There is also a statistical significant difference in the olfactory detection threshold score between the pre-exposure and post-exposure period in the participants (P < .05). CONCLUSION Use of strong fragrances affects the olfactory detection threshold. Therefore patients and clinicians should be aware of this and its effects on the outcome of test of olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayotunde James Fasunla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - David Dayo Douglas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aderemi Adeleke Adeosun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Silke Steinbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Neurofunctional dopaminergic impairment in elderly after lifetime exposure to manganese. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:309-17. [PMID: 24881811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that can become neurotoxic through various exposure windows over the lifespan. While there is clear evidence of Mn neurotoxicity in pediatric and adult occupational populations, little is known about effects in the elderly who may exhibit enhanced susceptibilities due to compromised physiology compared to younger adults. In the province of Brescia, Italy, the Valcamonica area has been the site of three ferroalloy plants operating from 1902 to 2001. Metal emissions of Mn and to a lesser extent lead (Pb) have impacted the surrounding environment, where a high prevalence of Parkinsonism was previously observed. This study aimed to assess neurocognitive and motor functions in healthy elderly subjects residing for most of their lifetime in Valcamonica or in a reference area unimpacted by ferroalloy plant activity. METHODS Subjects were enrolled for extensive neurobehavioral assessment of motor, cognitive and sensory functions. Exposure was assessed with 24h personal air sampling for PM10 airborne particles, surface soil and tap water measurement at individual households, Mn levels in blood and urine and Pb in blood. Dose-response relationships between exposure indicators and biomarkers and health outcomes were analyzed with generalized (linear and logistic) additive models (GAM). RESULTS A total of 255 subjects (55% women) were examined; most (52.9%) were within the 65-70 years age class. Average airborne Mn was 26.41 ng/m(3) (median 18.42) in Valcamonica and 20.96 ng/m(3) (median 17.62) in the reference area. Average Mn in surface soil was 1026 ppm (median 923) in Valcamonica and 421 ppm (median 410) in the reference area. Manganese in drinking water was below the LDL of 1 μg/L. The GAM analysis showed significant association between airborne Mn (p=0.0237) and the motor coordination tests of the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. The calculation of the Benchmark Dose using this dose-response relationship yielded a lower level confidence interval of 22.7 ng/m(3) (median 26.4). For the odor identification score of the Sniffin Stick test, an association was observed with soil Mn (p=0.0006) and with a significant interaction with blood Pb (p=0.0856). Significant dose-responses resulted also for the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices with the distance from exposure point source (p=0.0025) and Mn in soil (p=0.09), and for the Trail Making test, with urinary Mn (p=0.0074). Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were associated with air (p=0.061) and urinary (p=0.003) Mn, and with blood Pb (p=0.0303). In most of these associations age played a significant role as an effect modifier. CONCLUSION Lifelong exposure to Mn was significantly associated with changes in odor discrimination, motor coordination, cognitive abilities and serum PRL levels. These effects are consistent with the hypothesis of a specific mechanism of toxicity of Mn on the dopaminergic system. Lead co-exposure, even at very low levels, can further enhance Mn toxicity.
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