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Honda A, Kamata S, Akahane M, Machida Y, Uchii K, Shiiyama Y, Habu Y, Miyawaki S, Kaneko C, Oyama T, Ishii I. Functional and Structural Insights into Human PPARα/δ/γ Subtype Selectivity of Bezafibrate, Fenofibric Acid, and Pemafibrate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094726. [PMID: 35563117 PMCID: PMC9102038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the agonists against three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes, those against PPARα (fibrates) and PPARγ (glitazones) are currently used to treat dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, respectively, whereas PPARδ agonists are expected to be the next-generation metabolic disease drug. In addition, some dual/pan PPAR agonists are currently being investigated via clinical trials as one of the first curative drugs against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Because PPARα/δ/γ share considerable amino acid identity and three-dimensional structures, especially in ligand-binding domains (LBDs), clinically approved fibrates, such as bezafibrate, fenofibric acid, and pemafibrate, could also act on PPARδ/γ when used as anti-NAFLD drugs. Therefore, this study examined their PPARα/δ/γ selectivity using three independent assays—a dual luciferase-based GAL4 transactivation assay for COS-7 cells, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based coactivator recruitment assay, and circular dichroism spectroscopy-based thermostability assay. Although the efficacy and efficiency highly varied between agonists, assay types, and PPAR subtypes, the three fibrates, except fenofibric acid that did not affect PPARδ-mediated transactivation and coactivator recruitment, activated all PPAR subtypes in those assays. Furthermore, we aimed to obtain cocrystal structures of PPARδ/γ-LBD and the three fibrates via X-ray diffraction and versatile crystallization methods, which we recently used to obtain 34 structures of PPARα-LBD cocrystallized with 17 ligands, including the fibrates. We herein reveal five novel high-resolution structures of PPARδ/γ–bezafibrate, PPARγ–fenofibric acid, and PPARδ/γ–pemafibrate, thereby providing the molecular basis for their application beyond dyslipidemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Honda
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Shotaro Kamata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Makoto Akahane
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Yui Machida
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Kie Uchii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Yui Shiiyama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Yuki Habu
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Saeka Miyawaki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Chihiro Kaneko
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
| | - Takuji Oyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan;
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida 194-8543, Tokyo, Japan; (A.H.); (S.K.); (M.A.); (Y.M.); (K.U.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (S.M.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Development and Validation of a Rapid Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolic Syndrome Drugs by HPLC-DAD Chromatography. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 25% of the population suffers from metabolic syndrome (MetS). The treatment of patients with MetS regularly includes drugs prescribed simultaneously to treat several disorders that manifest at the same time, such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes. To the authors’ best knowledge, there is no previous published analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of drugs used in the treatment of these diseases. In the present study, a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD methodology was developed for simultaneous quantification of carvedilol (CVD), telmisartan (TEL), bezafibrate (BZT), gliclazide (GZD), and glimepiride (GMP) in bulk and pharmaceutical form. The chromatographic separation of the five pharmaceuticals was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD C18 Selectivity (5 µm, 150 × 4.60 mm2) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (50%) and 0.02 M KH2PO4, pH 3 (50%) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and at 25 °C. The total separation time was 9 min. The analytical method was validated following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. A reproducible method was obtained with acceptable limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for CVD (0.012 and 0.035 μg mL−1), TEL (0.103 and 0.313 μg mL−1), BZT (0.025 and 0.076 μg mL−1), GZD (0.039 and 0.117 μg mL−1), and GMP (0.064 and 0.127 μg mL−1). The validated method allowed the determination of these drugs in commercial pharmaceutical products both individually and simultaneously. The present method was found to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of the five drugs that are most commonly used in the simultaneous treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Rajpurohit AS, Punde NS, Rawool CR, Srivastava AK. Application of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanofibres/Polyaniline/Platinum Nanoparticles as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Bezafibrate. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuja S. Rajpurohit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East); Mumbai - 400 098 India
| | - Ninad S. Punde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East); Mumbai - 400 098 India
| | - Chaitali R. Rawool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East); Mumbai - 400 098 India
| | - Ashwini K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East); Mumbai - 400 098 India
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Oliveira MAD, Silva GDD, Campos MST. Chemical degradation kinetics of fibrates: bezafibrate, ciprofibrate and fenofibrate. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ardila JA, Oliveira GG, Medeiros RA, Fatibello-Filho O. Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of nanomolar levels of bezafibrate using a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes within a dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate film. Analyst 2014; 139:1762-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nanotubes is applied for bezafibrate sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos
- São Carlos, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica (INCT de Bioanalítica)
- Campinas, Brazil
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