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Lai Z, Wang C, Liu X, Sun H, Guo Z, Shao J, Li K, Chen J, Wang J, Lei X, Shu K, Feng Y, Kong D, Sun W, Liu B. Characterization of the proteome of stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. J Transl Med 2024; 22:247. [PMID: 38454421 PMCID: PMC10921703 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, noninvasive imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers are still insufficient to accurately assess carotid plaque stability, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to plaque instability is still lacking. METHODS We established a clinical study cohort containing 182 patients with carotid artery stenosis. After screening, 39 stable and 49 unstable plaques were included in the discovery group, and quantitative proteomics analysis based on data independent acquisition was performed for these plaque samples. Additionally, 35 plaques were included in the validation group to validate the proteomics results by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS A total of 397 differentially expressed proteins were identified in stable and unstable plaques. These proteins are primarily involved in ferroptosis and lipid metabolism-related functions and pathways. Plaque validation results showed that ferroptosis- and lipid metabolism-related proteins had different expression trends in stable plaques versus unstable fibrous cap regions and lipid core regions. Ferroptosis- and lipid metabolism-related mechanisms in plaque stability were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Our results may provide a valuable strategy for revealing the mechanisms affecting plaque stability and will facilitate the discovery of specific biomarkers to broaden the therapeutic scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hemangiomas & Vascular Malformations, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Shao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Junye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Lei
- Eight-Year Program of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Proteomics Research Center, Core Facility of Instruments, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Dongdansantiao 9St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Shuaifuyuan 1St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Murgia A, Erta M, Suri JS, Gupta A, Wintermark M, Saba L. CT imaging features of carotid artery plaque vulnerability. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1261. [PMID: 33178793 PMCID: PMC7607080 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2020-cass-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite steady advances in medical care, cardiovascular disease remains one of the main causes of death and long-term morbidity worldwide. Up to 30% of strokes are associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. While the degree of stenosis has long been recognized as the main guiding factor in risk stratification and therapeutical decisions, recent evidence suggests that features of unstable, or ‘vulnerable’, plaques offer better prognostication capabilities. This paradigmatic shift has motivated researchers to explore the potentialities of non-invasive diagnostic tools to image not only the lumen, but also the vascular wall and the structural characteristics of the plaque. The present review will offer a panoramic on the imaging modalities currently available to characterize carotid atherosclerotic plaques and, in particular, it will focus on the increasingly important role covered by multidetector computed tomographic angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Murgia
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato, s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Marco Erta
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato, s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnosis Division, AtheroPoint(tm), Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato, s.s. 554 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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Gd(DOTA)-grafted submicronic polysaccharide-based particles functionalized with fucoidan as potential MR contrast agent able to target human activated platelets. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116457. [PMID: 32718599 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of thrombotic events remains a big medical challenge. Dextran-based submicronic particles bearing Gd(DOTA) groups and functionalized with fucoidan have been produced via a simple and green water-in-oil emulsification/co-crosslinking process. Their capacity to bind to human activated platelets was evidenced in vitro as well as their cytocompatibility with human endothelial cells. The presence of Gd(DOTA) moieties was confirmed by elemental analysis and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) spectrometry. Detailed characterization of particles was performed in terms of size distribution, morphology, and relaxation rates. In particular, longitudinal and transversal proton relaxivities were respectively 1.7 and 5.0 times higher than those of DOTAREM. This study highlights their potential as an MRI diagnostic platform for atherothrombosis.
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Xiao Q, Che X, Cai B, Tao Z, Zhang H, Shao Q, Pu J. Macrophage autophagy regulates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and inhibits necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:260-275. [PMID: 31660692 PMCID: PMC6933382 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vulnerable plaque is a key distinguishing feature of atherosclerotic lesions that can cause acute atherothrombotic vascular disease. This study was designed to explore the effect of autophagy on mitochondria-mediated macrophage apoptosis and vulnerable plaques. Here, we generated the mouse model of vulnerable carotid plaque in ApoE-/- mice. Application of ApoE-/- mice with rapamycin (an autophagy inducer) inhibited necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques by decreasing macrophage apoptosis. However, 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) promoted plaque vulnerability through deteriorating these indexes. To further explore the mechanism of autophagy on macrophage apoptosis, we used macrophage apoptosis model in vitro and found that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC, one of the primary oxysterols in oxLDL) caused macrophage apoptosis with concomitant impairment of mitochondria, characterized by the impairment of mitochondrial ultrastructure, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial potential dissipation, mitochondrial fragmentation, excessive ROS generation and both caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. Interestingly, such mitochondrial apoptotic responses were ameliorated by autophagy activator, but exacerbated by autophagy inhibitor. Finally, we found that MAPK-NF-κB signalling pathway was involved in autophagy modulation of 7-KC-induced macrophage apoptosis. So, we provide strong evidence for the potential therapeutic benefit of macrophage autophagy in regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and inhibiting necrotic core formation in vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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MR Angiography of the Head/Neck Vascular System in Mice on a Clinical MRI System. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:5461809. [PMID: 31275084 PMCID: PMC6560327 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5461809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) represents a clinical reference standard for the in vivo assessment of the vasculature. In this study, the potential of non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced angiography of the head/neck vasculature in mice on a clinical MR imaging system was tested. Methods All in vivo magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a 3T clinical system (Siemens). Non-contrast-enhanced (time-of-flight, TOF) and contrast-enhanced angiography (gadofosveset-trisodium, GdT) were performed in C57BL/6J mouse strain. Lumen-to-muscle ratios (LMRs) and area measurements were assessed. Histology was performed as reference standard of all relevant vascular structures. Results A close correlation between TOF (R2 = 0.79; p < 0.05) and contrast-enhanced (GdT) angiography (R2 = 0.92; p < 0.05) with histological area measurements was found. LMRs were comparable between both sequences. Regarding interobserver reproducibility, contrast-enhanced (GdT) angiography yielded a smaller 95% confidence interval and a closer interreader correlation compared to non-contrast-enhanced (TOF) measurements (−0.73–0.89; R2 = 0.81 vs. −0.55–0.56; R2 = 0.94). Conclusion This study demonstrates that non-contrast-enhanced and contrast-enhanced angiographies of the head/neck vasculature of small animals can reliably performed on a clinical 3T MR scanner. Contrast-enhanced angiography enables the visualization of vascular structures with higher intravascular contrast and higher reproducibility.
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Bargalló N, Gilabert R, Romero-Mamani ES, Cofán M, Calder PC, Fitó M, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ruiz-Canela M, Estruch R, Ros E, Sala-Vila A. Red Blood Cell Eicosapentaenoic Acid Inversely Relates to MRI-Assessed Carotid Plaque Lipid Core Burden in Elders at High Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091036. [PMID: 28930197 PMCID: PMC5622796 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental marine omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Clinical research on EPA supplied by the regular diet and atherosclerosis is scarce. In the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 161 older individuals at high vascular risk grouped into different stages of carotid atherosclerosis severity, including those without ultrasound-detected atheroma plaque (n = 38), with plaques <2.0 mm thick (n = 65), and with plaques ≥2.0 mm (n = 79). The latter were asked to undergo contrast-enhanced 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were subsequently grouped into absence (n = 31) or presence (n = 27) of MRI-detectable plaque lipid, a main feature of unstable atheroma plaques. We determined the red blood cell (RBC) proportion of EPA (a valid marker of long-term EPA intake) at enrolment by gas chromatography. In multivariate models, EPA related inversely to MRI-assessed plaque lipid volume, but not to maximum intima-media thickness of internal carotid artery, plaque burden, or MRI-assessed normalized wall index. The inverse association between EPA and plaque lipid content in patients with advanced atherosclerosis supports the notion that this fatty acid might improve cardiovascular health through stabilization of advanced atheroma plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Bargalló
- Radiology Department, Clinical Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; bargalloclinic.ub.es (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Gilabert
- Radiology Department, Clinical Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; bargalloclinic.ub.es (N.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Edwin-Saúl Romero-Mamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.-S.R.-M.); (R.E.)
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Fundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.-S.R.-M.); (R.E.)
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
| | - Emilio Ros
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28039 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.); (M.F.), (D.C.); (J.S.-S.); (M.R.-C.); (E.R.)
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Qin F, Sun Y, Hu W, Wei X, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhao Z, Jing Z. The relationship between preoperative serum cortisol level and the stability of plaque in carotid artery stenosis patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1611-7. [PMID: 27499949 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.06.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability of plaque has been implicated as risk factor for stroke. Serum cortisol regulates lipoprotein metabolism and immune response, contributing to plaque stability in atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between serum cortisol and stability of carotid plaque has not been well characterized. We conducted a serology analysis to identify the relationship between serum cortisol and carotid plaque stability. METHODS Between May 2013 to October 2015, 73 patients with carotid stenosis patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were enrolled in our study. Serum cortisol was analyzed at 8:00 AM in the morning before surgery via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. According to the classification made by the American Heart Association, hematoxylin-and-eosin staining was performed to divide these patients into either a stable or unstable group, according to the morphology of fibrous cap, lipid core and intima layer. A curve fitting method was used to identify the relationship between preoperative serum cortisol and stability of carotid plaque. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify carotid plaque stability-associated serum cortisol. RESULTS Curve fitting's result represents a U-shape characteristic. A total of 314.92 and 395.23 nmol/L were considered as the cut point for preoperative serum cortisol when trisected the patients. When adjusted for degree of stenosis, hyperlipemia, smoking and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis' results demonstrated that preoperative serum cortisol can significantly affect carotid plaque stability. The odds ratio values in multivariate logistic regression analysis for C reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and preoperative serum cortisol level were 7.67 and 20.86 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative serum cortisol was associated with stability of carotid plaque in patients undergoing CEA. Low or high levels of preoperative serum cortisol might be an adverse factor for carotid plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zaiping Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Adamson PD, Dweck MR, Newby DE. The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque: in vivo identification and potential therapeutic avenues. Heart 2015; 101:1755-66. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Altabas V. Diabetes, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Vascular Repair: What Should a Diabetologist Keep His Eye on? Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:848272. [PMID: 26089898 PMCID: PMC4452196 DOI: 10.1155/2015/848272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. A prominent attribute of diabetic cardiovascular complications is accelerated atherosclerosis, considered as a still incurable disease, at least at more advanced stages. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), able to replace old and injured mature endothelial cells and capable of differentiating into healthy and functional endothelial cells, has offered the prospect of merging the traditional theories on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. The literature supports the notion that EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in diabetics, but at present many questions remain unanswered. In this review the aspects linking endothelial progenitor cells to the altered vascular biology in diabetes mellitus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Altabas
- Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases “Mladen Sekso”, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center “Sestre Milosrdnice”, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- *V. Altabas:
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