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Li XY, Liu JQ, Wang Y, Chen Y, Hu WH, Lv YX, Wu Y, Lv J, Tang JM, Kong D. VNS improves VSMC metabolism and arteriogenesis in infarcted hearts through m/n-AChR-Akt-SDF-1α in adult male rats. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:51-67. [PMID: 38165566 PMCID: PMC10830782 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) provides a novel therapeutic strategy for injured hearts by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. However, little information is available on the metabolic pattern and arteriogenesis of VSMCs after MI. VNS has been shown to stimulate the expression of CPT1α, CPT1β, Glut1, Glut4 and SDF-1α in coronary VSMCs, decreasing the number of CD68-positive macrophages while increasing CD206-positive macrophages in the infarcted hearts, leading to a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β accompanied by a reduced ratio of CD68- and CD206-positive cells, which were dramatically abolished by atropine and mecamylamine in vivo. Knockdown of SDF-1α substantially abrogated the effect of VNS on macrophagecell alteration and inflammatory factors in infarcted hearts. Mechanistically, ACh induced SDF-1α expression in VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, atropine, mecamylamine, and a PI3K/Akt inhibitor completely eliminated the effect of ACh on SDF-1α expression. Functionally, VNS promoted arteriogenesis and improved left ventricular performance, which could be abolished by Ad-shSDF-1α. Thus, VNS altered the VSMC metabolism pattern and arteriogenesis to repair the infarcted heart by inducing SDF-1α expression, which was associated with the m/nAChR-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medicical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Nursing College, Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medicical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medicical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medicical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Xia Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lv
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deying Kong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medicical University, Zunyi, 563006, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Reid VJM, McLoughlin WKX, Pandya K, Stott H, Iškauskienė M, Šačkus A, Marti JA, Kurian D, Wishart TM, Lucatelli C, Peters D, Gray GA, Baker AH, Newby DE, Hadoke PWF, Tavares AAS, MacAskill MG. Assessment of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as an imaging marker of cardiac repair-associated processes using NS14490. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:7. [PMID: 38206500 PMCID: PMC10784260 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac repair and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is a multifactorial process involving pro-reparative inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. Noninvasive imaging using a radiotracer targeting these processes could be used to elucidate cardiac wound healing mechanisms. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (ɑ7nAChR) stimulates pro-reparative macrophage activity and angiogenesis, making it a potential imaging biomarker in this context. We investigated this by assessing in vitro cellular expression of ɑ7nAChR, and by using a tritiated version of the PET radiotracer [18F]NS14490 in tissue autoradiography studies. RESULTS ɑ7nAChR expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages and vascular cells showed the highest relative expression was within macrophages, but only endothelial cells exhibited a proliferation and hypoxia-driven increase in expression. Using a mouse model of inflammatory angiogenesis following sponge implantation, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 increased from 3.6 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 3 post-implantation to 4.9 ± 0.2 µCi/g at day 7 (n = 4, P < 0.01), followed by a reduction at days 14 and 21. This peak matched the onset of vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and sponge fibrovascular encapsulation. In a rat MI model, specific binding of [3H]NS14490 was low in sham and remote MI myocardium. Specific binding within the infarct increased from day 14 post-MI (33.8 ± 14.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.01 versus sham), peaking at day 28 (48.9 ± 5.1 µCi/g, P ≤ 0.0001 versus sham). Histological and proteomic profiling of ɑ7nAChR positive tissue revealed strong associations between ɑ7nAChR and extracellular matrix deposition, and rat cardiac fibroblasts expressed ɑ7nAChR protein under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION ɑ7nAChR is highly expressed in human macrophages and showed proliferation and hypoxia-driven expression in human endothelial cells. While NS14490 imaging displays a pattern that coincides with vessel formation, macrophage infiltration and fibrovascular encapsulation in the sponge model, this is not the case in the MI model where the ɑ7nAChR imaging signal was strongly associated with extracellular matrix deposition which could be explained by ɑ7nAChR expression in fibroblasts. Overall, these findings support the involvement of ɑ7nAChR across several processes central to cardiac repair, with fibrosis most closely associated with ɑ7nAChR following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J M Reid
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Kalyani Pandya
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Stott
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monika Iškauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judit A Marti
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas M Wishart
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dan Peters
- DanPET AB, Malmo, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Patrick W F Hadoke
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G MacAskill
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Yao L, Mbadhi M, Chen S, Lv Y, Bao X, Chen L, Chen S, Zhang J, Wu Y, Lv J, Shi L, Tang J. Vagus nerve stimulation-induced stromal cell-derived factor-l alpha participates in angiogenesis and repair of infarcted hearts. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3311-3329. [PMID: 37641543 PMCID: PMC10682864 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to explore the role and mechanism of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in coronary endothelial cells and angiogenesis in infarcted hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven days after rat myocardial infarction (MI) was prepared by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the left cervical vagus nerve was treated with electrical stimulation 1 h after intraperitoneal administration of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine inhibitor mecamylamine or the mAChR inhibitor atropine or 3 days after local injection of Ad-shSDF-1α into the infarcted heart. Cardiac tissue acetylcholine (ACh) and serum ACh, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were detected by ELISA to determine whether VNS was successful. An inflammatory injury model in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) was established by lipopolysaccharide and identified by evaluating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and tube formation. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to evaluate CD31-positive vessel density and stromal cell-derived factor-l alpha (SDF-1α) expression in the MI heart in vivo and the expression and distribution of SDF-1α, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 and CXCR7 in HCAECs in vitro. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of SDF-1α, V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and phosphorylation of Sp1 in HCAECs. Left ventricular performance, including left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and rate of the rise and fall of ventricular pressure, should be evaluated 28 days after VNS treatment. VNS was successfully established for MI therapy with decreases in serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and increases in cardiac tissue and serum ACh levels, leading to increased SDF-1α expression in coronary endothelial cells of MI hearts, triggering angiogenesis of MI hearts with increased CD31-positive vessel density, which was abolished by the m/nAChR inhibitors mecamylamine and atropine or knockdown of SDF-1α by shRNA. ACh promoted SDF-1α expression and its distribution along with the branch of the formed tube in HCAECs, resulting in an increase in the number of tubes formed in HCAECs. ACh increased the levels of pAKT and phosphorylation of Sp1 in HCAECs, resulting in inducing SDF-1α expression, and the specific effects could be abolished by mecamylamine, atropine, the PI3K/AKT blocker wortmannin or the Sp1 blocker mithramycin. Functionally, VNS improved left ventricular performance, which could be abolished by Ad-shSDF-1α. CONCLUSIONS VNS promoted angiogenesis to repair the infarcted heart by inducing SDF-1α expression and redistribution along new branches during angiogenesis, which was associated with the m/nAChR-AKT-Sp1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Department of Pathology, Renmin HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Xing‐yuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Lu‐yuan Yao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - MagdaleenaNaemi Mbadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Shao‐Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Yan‐xia Lv
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Experimental Medical Center, Guoyao‐Dong Feng HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Long Chen
- Experimental Medical Center, Guoyao‐Dong Feng HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Shi‐You Chen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jing‐xuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of BiomedicineHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of BiomedicineHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology, Taihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Liu‐liu Shi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of BiomedicineHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
| | - Jun‐ming Tang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell ResearchHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of BiomedicineHubei University of MedicineShiyanPR China
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Kaplan A, Lakkis B, El-Samadi L, Karaayvaz EB, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Cooling Down Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System via the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:241-265. [PMID: 37539950 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammation is a major player in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many individuals, these conditions coexist and mutually exacerbate each other's progression. The pathophysiology of these diseases entails the active involvement of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Immune cells that possess the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on their surface have the potential to be targeted through both pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the cholinergic system. The cholinergic system regulates the inflammatory response to various stressors in different organ systems by systematically suppressing spleen-derived monocytes and chemokines and locally improving immune cell function. Research on the cardiovascular system has demonstrated the potential for atheroma plaque stabilization and regression as favorable outcomes. Smaller infarct size and reduced fibrosis have been associated with improved cardiac function and a decrease in adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, enhanced electrical stability of the myocardium can lead to a reduction in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In addition, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing oxidative stress can result in less myocardial tissue damage caused by reperfusion injury. Restoring baroreflex activity and reduction in renal damage can promote blood pressure regulation and help counteract hypertension. Thus, the present review highlights the potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation as a natural approach to alleviate the adverse consequences of inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology, Kemer Public Hospital, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bachir Lakkis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lana El-Samadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
- Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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5
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Endothelial METRNL determines circulating METRNL level and maintains endothelial function against atherosclerosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1568-1587. [PMID: 37139425 PMCID: PMC10149902 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
METRNL is a recently identified secreted protein with emerging functions. This study is to find major cellular source of circulating METRNL and to determine METRNL novel function. Here, we show METRNL is abundant in human and mouse vascular endothelium and released by endothelial cells using endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus pathway. By creating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout mice, combined with bone marrow transplantation to produce bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl, we demonstrate that most of circulating METRNL (approximately 75%) originates from the endothelial cells. Both endothelial and circulating METRNL decrease in atherosclerosis mice and patients. By generating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, combined with bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, we further demonstrate that endothelial METRNL deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis. Mechanically, endothelial METRNL deficiency causes vascular endothelial dysfunction including vasodilation impairment via reducing eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and inflammation activation via enhancing NFκB pathway, which promotes the susceptibility of atherosclerosis. Exogenous METRNL rescues METRNL deficiency induced endothelial dysfunction. These findings reveal that METRNL is a new endothelial substance not only determining the circulating METRNL level but also regulating endothelial function for vascular health and disease. METRNL is a therapeutic target against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Li X, Zhu X, Li B, Xia B, Tang H, Hu J, Ying R. Loss of α7nAChR enhances endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition after myocardial infarction via NF-κB activation. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113300. [PMID: 35926661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The myocardial fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction (MI) is closely related to the dysbalance of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Although numerous reports indicate that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) to regulate the magnitude of inflammatory responses, the role of α7nAChR in myocardial fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated cardiac function, fibrosis, and EndMT signaling using a mouse model of MI and interleukin (IL)-1β-induced human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). In vivo, α7nAChR deletion increased cardiac dysfunction, exacerbated the cardiac inflammatory response, and NF-κB activation, and enhanced EndMT, as shown by higher expression levels of fibroblast markers (FSP-1, α-SMA, collagen I, Snail) and decreased levels of the FGFR1, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and endothelial marker (CD31) compared to wild-type mice. In vitro, the pharmacological activation of α7nAChR with PNU282987 significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced EndMT, as shown by a reduced transition to the fibroblast-like phenotype and the expression of fibrotic markers. Moreover, the IL-1β-mediated activation of NF-κB pathway was suppressed by PNU282987. This anti-EndMT effect of α7nAChR was associated with regulation of Snail. Furthermore, Western blot analysis further revealed that the GR antagonist RU38486 could partially counteract the effect of PNU282987 on NF-κB expression. In conclusion, our results show that α7nAChR is involved in cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting EndMT, providing a novel approach to the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China.
| | - Xianjie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China.
| | - Bingong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Baohua Xia
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China.
| | - Huaiguang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Ru Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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7
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Cavalcante GL, Brognara F, Oliveira LVDC, Lataro RM, Durand MDT, Oliveira AP, Nóbrega ACL, Salgado HC, Sabino JPJ. Benefits of pharmacological and electrical cholinergic stimulation in hypertension and heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13663. [PMID: 33884761 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure are cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. They are characterized by a change in the autonomic nervous system balance, highlighted by an increase in sympathetic activity associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Most therapeutic approaches seek to treat these diseases by medications that attenuate sympathetic activity. However, there is a growing number of studies demonstrating that the improvement of parasympathetic function, by means of pharmacological or electrical stimulation, can be an effective tool for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to describe the advances reported by experimental and clinical studies that addressed the potential of cholinergic stimulation to prevent autonomic and cardiovascular imbalance in hypertension and heart failure. Overall, the published data reviewed demonstrate that the use of central or peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is efficient to improve the autonomic imbalance and hemodynamic changes observed in heart failure and hypertension. Of note, the baroreflex and the vagus nerve activation have been shown to be safe and effective approaches to be used as an alternative treatment for these cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, deserving to be more explored in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele L. Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Vaz de C. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | - Renata M. Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Center of Biological Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SP Brazil
| | | | - Aldeidia P. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | | | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Paulo J. Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
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8
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Xu TY, Wang P, Tian JS, Qing SL, Wang SN, Huang YH, Xu JY, Su DF, Liu JG, Miao CY. Pharmacological characterization of MT-1207, a novel multitarget antihypertensive agent. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:885-897. [PMID: 33782540 PMCID: PMC8149631 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a serious public health problem worldwide. MT-1207, chemically named 3-(4-(4-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)butyl)piperazine-1-yl) benzisothiazole hydrochloride, is a new chemical entity that has entered into clinical trial as antihypertensive agent in China. In this paper we report the pharmacological profile of MT-1207 regarding its acute, subacute, and long-term effects on hypertensive animal models, and its actions on isolated organs in vitro as well as its molecular targets. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in conscious animals; amlodipine was taken as a positive control drug. We showed that both single dose of MT-1207 (1.25-20 mg/kg, ig) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and MT-1207 (0.25-6 mg/kg, ig) in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) dogs dose-dependently decreased BP. MT-1207 quickly decreased BP within 5 min after administration; the hypotensive effect lasted for 8 and 12 h, respectively, in SHR and 2K1C dogs without reflex increase in heart rate. Multiple doses of MT-1207 (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in SHR; 2 mg · kg-1 · d-1 in 2K1C dogs, for 7 days) significantly decreased BP, slightly reduced heart rate, and both of them recovered after withdrawal. Long-term administration of MT-1207 (10 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 4 months or more time) produced a stable BP reduction, improved baroreflex sensitivity, reduced renal and cardiovascular damage in SHR, and delayed stroke occurrence and death in stroke-prone SHR. In isolated rat aortic rings precontracted by adrenaline, KCl, noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), MT-1207 (10-9-10-4 M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation. In a panel of enzyme activity or radioligand binding assays of 87 molecular targets, MT-1207 potently inhibited adrenergic α1A, α1B, α1D, and 5-HT2A receptors with Ki < 1 nM. The antagonism of MT-1207 against these receptors was confirmed in isolated rabbit arteries. We conclude that MT-1207 is a novel and promising single-molecule multitarget agent for hypertension treatment to reduce hypertensive organ damage and stroke mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng-Li Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin-Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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9
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Youssef ME, El-Mas MM, Abdelrazek HM, El-Azab MF. α7-nAChRs-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis accounts for the advantageous effect of low nicotine doses against myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173996. [PMID: 33684450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis accelerates tissue regeneration in a variety of ischemic conditions including myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that angiogenesis induced by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) mitigates histopathological, electrocardiographic, and molecular consequences of MI in rats. These profiles were evaluated in the isoprenaline (85 mg/kg/day i. p. For 2 days) MI rat model treated with or without nicotine or PHA-543613 (PHA, selective α7-nAChR agonist). Isoprenaline-insulted rats showed (i) ECG signs of MI such as significant ST-segment elevations and prolonged QT-intervals, (ii) deteriorated left ventricular histopathological scoring and elevated inflammatory cell infiltration, (iii) reduced immunohistochemical expression of cardiac CD34, a surrogate marker of capillary density, (iv) decreased cardiac expression of iNOS and α7-nAChRs, and (v) adaptive increases in cardiac HO-1 expression and plasma angiogenic markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO). These effects of isoprenaline, except cardiac iNOS and α7-nAChRs downregulation, were ameliorated in rats treated with a low dose (20 μg/kg/day s. c. For 16 days) of nicotine or PHA. We also show that concurrent α7-nAChR blockade by methyllycaconitine (MLA, 40 μg/kg/day, for 16 days) reversed the ECG, histopathological, and capillary density effects of nicotine, thereby reinforcing the advantageous cardioprotective and anti-ischemic roles of α7-nAChRs in this setting. The observed results showed promising effects on isoprenaline induced myocardial damage. In conclusion, the activation of α7-nAChRs by doses of nicotine or PHA in the microgram scale promotes neovascularization and offers a promising therapeutic strategy for MI. CATEGORY: Cardiovascular Pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Heba M Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona F El-Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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10
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Baine S, Bonilla I, Belevych A, Stepanov A, Dorn LE, Terentyeva R, Terentyev D, Accornero F, Carnes CA, Gyorke S. Pyridostigmine improves cardiac function and rhythmicity through RyR2 stabilization and inhibition of STIM1-mediated calcium entry in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4637-4648. [PMID: 33755308 PMCID: PMC8107086 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by asymmetrical autonomic balance. Treatments to restore parasympathetic activity in human heart failure trials have shown beneficial effects. However, mechanisms of parasympathetic-mediated improvement in cardiac function remain unclear. The present study examined the effects and underpinning mechanisms of chronic treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine (PYR), in pressure overload HF induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. TAC mice exhibited characteristic adverse structural (left ventricular hypertrophy) and functional remodelling (reduced ejection fraction, altered myocyte calcium (Ca) handling, increased arrhythmogenesis) with enhanced predisposition to arrhythmogenic aberrant sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release, cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) hyper-phosphorylation and up-regulated store-operated Ca entry (SOCE). PYR treatment resulted in improved cardiac contractile performance and rhythmic activity relative to untreated TAC mice. Chronic PYR treatment inhibited altered intracellular Ca handling by alleviating aberrant Ca release and diminishing pathologically enhanced SOCE in TAC myocytes. At the molecular level, these PYR-induced changes in Ca handling were associated with reductions of pathologically enhanced phosphorylation of RyR2 serine-2814 and STIM1 expression in HF myocytes. These results suggest that chronic cholinergic augmentation alleviates HF via normalization of both canonical RyR2-mediated SR Ca release and non-canonical hypertrophic Ca signaling via STIM1-dependent SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Baine
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ingrid Bonilla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andriy Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrei Stepanov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa E Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Radmila Terentyeva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sandor Gyorke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Lu J, Wu W. Cholinergic modulation of the immune system - A novel therapeutic target for myocardial inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107391. [PMID: 33548577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system and the nervous system depend on each other for their fine tuning and working, thus cooperating to maintain physiological homeostasis and prevent infections. The cholinergic system regulates the mobilization, differentiation, secretion, and antigen presentation of adaptive and innate immune cells mainly through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). The neuro-immune interactions are established and maintained by the following mechanisms: colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at defined anatomical sites, expression of the non-neuronal cholinergic system by immune cells, and the acetylcholine receptor-mediated activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Based on these immunological mechanisms, the protective effects of cholinergic system in animal models of diseases were summarized in this paper, such as myocardial infarction/ischemia-reperfusion, viral myocarditis, and endotoxin-induced myocardial damage. In addition to maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving the energy metabolism of the heart, both non-neuronal acetylcholine and neuronal acetylcholine in the heart can alleviate myocardial inflammation and remodeling to exert a significant cardioprotective effect. The new findings on the role of cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation in immune regulation are updated, so as to develop improved approaches to treat inflammatory heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
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12
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Khuanjing T, Palee S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. The effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: From cells to patient reports. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13396. [PMID: 31595611 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
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13
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Zhang X, Mao G, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Chen J, Ding W. Activating α7nAChRs enhances endothelial progenitor cell function partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 2020; 129:103975. [PMID: 31926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular injury is a common pathological process in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are vital cells for angiogenesis and endothelial repair. These cells can home to injury sites and secrete angiogenic growth factors. α7nAChRs are pivotal in cholinergic angiogenesis, which is associated with endothelial cells and EPCs. Our study was designed to determine whether activating α7nAChRs enhances the function of EPCs and to explore the underlying mechanism. EPCs were derived from the bone marrow of male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with an α7nAChR agonist (PNU282987), an α7nAChR antagonist (MLA) and a JAK2 antagonist (AG490). We then assayed the angiogenic abilities of the EPCs, including proliferation ability, adhesion ability, migration ability and in vitro tube formation ability. The levels of total JAK2 (t-JAK2), phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2), total STAT3 (t-STAT3) and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) were estimated by western blot analysis. PNU282987 treatment facilitated the angiogenic abilities of EPCs compared with the control regimen. The western blot data suggested that PNU282987 increased the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. However, the differences in t-JAK2 levels and t-STAT3 levels between the agonist-treated group and the control group were not significant. Moreover, treating EPCs with AG490 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and attenuated the PNU282987-induced enhancement of EPCs. We demonstrated that activating α7nAChRs can enhance EPC functions partially through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study reveals that α7nAChRs are potential therapeutic targets for angiogenesis and that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway plays a vital role in the associated therapeutic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Guoren Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Zhennan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Wengang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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14
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Yu JG, Fan BS, Guo JM, Shen YJ, Hu YY, Liu X. Anisodamine Ameliorates Hyperkalemia during Crush Syndrome through Estradiol-Induced Enhancement of Insulin Sensitivity. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1444. [PMID: 31849684 PMCID: PMC6902024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is a major cause of on-site death in crush syndrome (CS), which is more severe and common in male victims. Anisodamine is a belladonna alkaloid and widely used in China for treatment of shock through activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). The present work was designed to study the protective effect of anisodamine in CS and the possible role of estradiol involved. Male and ovariectomized female CS mice exhibited lower serum estradiol and insulin sensitivity, and higher potassium compared to the relative female controls at 6 h after decompression. There was no gender difference in on-site mortality in CS mice within 24 h after decompression. Serum estradiol increased with similar values in CS mice of both gender compared to that in normal mice. Anisodamine decreased serum potassium and increased serum estradiol and insulin sensitivity in CS mice, and methyllycaconitine, selective antagonist of α7nAChR, counteracted such effects of anisodamine. Treatment with anisodamine or estradiol increased serum estradiol and insulin sensitivity, decreased serum potassium and on-site mortality, and eliminated the difference in these parameters between CS mice received ovariectomy or its sham operation. Anisodamine could also increase blood pressure in CS rats within 3.5 h after decompression, which could also be attenuated by methyllycaconitine, without influences on heart rate. These results suggest that activation of α7nAChR with anisodamine could decrease serum potassium and on-site mortality in CS through estradiol-induced enhancement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Min Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, 960 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Jiang WY, Huo JY, Chen C, Chen R, Ge TT, Chang Q, Hu JW, Geng J, Jiang ZX, Shan QJ. Renal denervation ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling in rats through dual regulation of oxidative stress in the heart and brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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16
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Jiang T, Wu M, Zhang Z, Yan C, Ma Z, He S, Yuan W, Pu K, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture attenuated cerebral ischemic injury and neuroinflammation through α7nAChR-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in stroke rats. Mol Med 2019; 25:22. [PMID: 31117961 PMCID: PMC6530013 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous research confirmed that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulus elicits neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-mediated inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 release mechanism. This study investigated whether the signal transducer of α7nAChR and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the neuroprotective effects of EA stimulus. METHODS In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, the focal cerebral ischemic injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) models for 1.5 h. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in the penumbral tissue following reperfusion was assessed by western blotting and immunoflourescent staining. The infarct size, neurological deficit score, TUNEL staining and the expression of proinflammatory factors or anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated at 72 h after reperfusion in the presence or absence of either α7nAChR antagonist (α-BGT) or agonist (PHA-543,613). RESULTS The contents of inflammasome proteins were gradually increased after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). EA stimulus attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome mediated inflammatory reaction and regulated the balance between proinflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The agonist of α7nAChR induced similar neuroprotective effects as EA stimulus. In contrast, α7nAChR antagonist reversed not only the neuroprotective effects, but also the inhibitory effects of NLRP3 inflammasome and the regulatory effects on the balance between proinflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS These results provided compelling evidence that α7nAChR played a pivotal role in regulating the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons after cerebral I/R. These findings highlighted a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of EA stimulus by α7nAChR modulating the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that α7nAChR-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammatory system and NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons might act as potential therapeutic targets in EA induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chaoying Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kairui Pu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brian Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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17
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Nicotinic Agonist Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in CVB3-Induced Myocarditis via α3 β4-nAChR/PI3K/Akt-Dependent Survivin Upregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9496419. [PMID: 30984342 PMCID: PMC6431489 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9496419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is critical for the development of coxsackievirus B3- (CVB3-) induced myocarditis, which is a common cardiac disease that may result in heart failure or even sudden death. Previous studies have associated CVB3-induced apoptosis with the downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins. Here, attempts were made to examine whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), especially α3β4-nAChRs, were a novel therapeutic antiapoptotic target via the activation of survivin, a strong antiapoptotic protein, in viral myocarditis (VMC). Methods and Results In the present study, we demonstrated that nAChRs, α3β4-nAChR subunits in particular, were present and upregulated in CVB3-infected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRC) and H9c2 cells by RT-qPCR. The function of α3β4-nAChRs was next examined using its specific blocker α-CTX AuIB in vitro. The results of the TUNEL assay and western blot experiments showed that the block of α3β4-nAChRs abrogated nicotine-mediated protection of NRC from CVB3-induced apoptosis, and this effect displayed a substantial correlation with the protein expressions of pAkt, survivin, and Cleaved Caspase-3. Hence, the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway was further verified by LY294002, a selective inhibitor of PI3K. As a result, nicotine-mediated induction of pAkt and survivin was abolished by LY294002; meanwhile, apoptotic NRC were increased accompanied by an increase of Cleaved Caspase-3 expression. Regarding CVB3-infected BALB/c mice, the α-CTX AuIB- and LY294002-treated groups had a lower survival rate, deteriorative ventricular systolic function, and more severe inflammation than the nicotine-treated group and the modulation of pAkt, survivin, and Cleaved Caspase-3 protein expressions was similar to that in CVB3-infected NRC. In addition, we found that a nicotinic agonist reduced CVB3 replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, which indicates that nAChR activation may serve as a possible protection mechanism of CVB3-induced myocarditis. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that α3β4-nAChR subunits are essential in the nicotine-mediated antiapoptotic effect of protecting cardiomyocytes from CVB3-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. This protection correlated with the PI3K/Akt pathway and the inducement of the antiapoptotic protein survivin. A combination of these mechanisms serves as a novel protective response to treat viral myocarditis.
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18
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Deng Y, Guo SL, Wei B, Gao XC, Zhou YC, Li JQ. Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine α7 Receptor Attenuates Progression of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats by Downregulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:128. [PMID: 30863307 PMCID: PMC6399137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and altered immunity contribute to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH). The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) possesses anti-inflammatory activities. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of a selective α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, on controlling a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat model of PH and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with MCT and treated with PNU-282987 at the prevention (starting 1 week before MCT) and treatment (starting 2 weeks after MCT) settings. Four weeks after MCT injection, hemodynamic changes, right ventricular structure, and lung morphological features were assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to assess levels of inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome pathway in the rat lung tissues. In addition, the lung macrophage line NR8383 was used to confirm the in vivo data. Results: Monocrotaline injection produced PH in rats and downregulated α7nAChR mRNA and protein expression in rat lung tissues compared to sham controls. Pharmacological activation of α7nAChR by PNU-282987 therapy improved the rat survival rate, attenuated the development of PH as assessed by remodeling of pulmonary arterioles, reduced the right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure, and ameliorated the hypertrophy and fibrosis of the RV in rats with MCT-induced PH. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 were downregulated in rat lung tissues, which implied that PNU-282987 therapy may help regulate inflammation. These protective effects involved the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro assays of cultured rat lung macrophages confirmed that the anti-inflammation effect of PNU-282987 therapy may contribute to the disturbance of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Conclusion: Targeting α7nAChR with PNU-282987 could effectively prevent and treat PH with benefits for preventing ongoing inflammation in the lungs of rats with MCT-induced PH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Cardiovascular Disease Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Cardiovascular Disease Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xing-Cui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Quan Li
- The Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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19
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Liu L, Zhao M, Yu X, Zang W. Pharmacological Modulation of Vagal Nerve Activity in Cardiovascular Diseases. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:156-166. [PMID: 30218283 PMCID: PMC6357265 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are life-threatening illnesses with high morbidity and mortality. Suppressed vagal (parasympathetic) activity and increased sympathetic activity are involved in these diseases. Currently, pharmacological interventions primarily aim to inhibit over-excitation of sympathetic nerves, while vagal modulation has been largely neglected. Many studies have demonstrated that increased vagal activity reduces cardiovascular risk factors in both animal models and human patients. Therefore, the improvement of vagal activity may be an alternate approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, drugs used for vagus nerve activation in cardiovascular diseases are limited in the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential drug targets for modulating vagal nerve activation, including muscarinic, and β-adrenergic receptors. In addition, vagomimetic drugs (such as choline, acetylcholine, and pyridostigmine) and the mechanism underlying their cardiovascular protective effects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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20
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Zhang LL, Zhang Y, Cheng YQ, Zhang JM, Liu HQ, Wang WZ, Mehta JL, Xiong ZG, Su DF, Liu AJ. Metabolic syndrome emerges after artificial selection for low baroreflex sensitivity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:828-836. [PMID: 29962085 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It is unclear whether the impaired BRS plays a key role in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The molecular mechanism of impaired BRS remains to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that selection of rats based on deficient and normal intrinsic BRS would yield models that reflect cardiovascular diseases risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty generations of selection produced arterial baroreflex low rats and normal rats that differed in BRS by about 2.5-fold change. Metabolic syndrome (including hypertension, overweight, hyperlipemia, and hyperglycemia) emerged in ABR-DRs. Although ABR-DRs consumed less food, they gained significantly more body weight. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that intrinsic low BRS induced hypertension and metabolic disorder. Restoration of impaired BRS might be a potent target of therapeutic intervention in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command PLA, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Internal Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Stebbins Chair in Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Bezerra OC, França CM, Rocha JA, Neves GA, Souza PRM, Teixeira Gomes M, Malfitano C, Loleiro TCA, Dourado PM, Llesuy S, de Angelis K, Irigoyen MCC, Ulloa L, Consolim-Colombo FM. Cholinergic Stimulation Improves Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Experimental Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13687. [PMID: 29057895 PMCID: PMC5651932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine (PY) induces anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of PY during the proliferative phase of cardiac repair by analyzing the infiltration of macrophages, Treg lymphocytes, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Wistar rats underwent control sham surgery or ligation of the left coronary artery and were randomly allocated to remain untreated (untreated infarcted group, I) or to receive PY (30 mg·kg(−1)·day(−1)) in the supplied water (infarcted treated group, I + PY). Blood pressure and heart rate variability were registered at day 5 post-MI. The animals were euthanized 7 days after thoracotomy, when the hearts were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry (CD68, CD206, FOXP3), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lipidic and protein peroxidation). PY treatment increased parasympathetic modulation, M2 macrophages and the anti-oxidant enzyme activity but reduced protein oxidation (carbonyls) and the concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. Cholinergic stimulation induces parasympathetic neuro-immune modulation and anti-inflammatory cell enrollment as well as prevents oxidative stress and cytokine production after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristiane Miranda França
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97229, USA.
| | - Juraci Aparecida Rocha
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (INCOR) School of medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gizele A Neves
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christiane Malfitano
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (INCOR) School of medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C Alba Loleiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Magno Dourado
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (INCOR) School of medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Facultad de Farmácia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Maria Claudia C Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (INCOR) School of medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgerts - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Fernanda M Consolim-Colombo
- Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (INCOR) School of medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Ke P, Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Chen XW, Wei W, Liu C. Activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:875-884. [PMID: 28941191 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) could inhibit the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/macrophage system, thus contributing to the control of neuroinflammation. METHODS The protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 (Casp-1) p20 and proCasp-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) p17 and proIL-1β, IL-18 and proIL-18 were measured using Western blotting. The mRNA levels of Casp-1 and IL-1β were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The colocalization and interaction of NLRP3 protein and β-arrestin-1 were measured by immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of β-arrestin-1 was significantly increased and colocalized with CD45-positive cells in spinal cord of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice when compared with the sham mice, which was attenuated by pretreatment with PNU282987, a specific α7nAChR agonist. PNU282987 also significantly inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and thus decreased the production of IL-1β and IL-18 both in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia in vitro and spinal cord from EAE mice in vivo, while inverse effects were observed in α7nAChR knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of β-arrestin-1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS/ATP-stimulated BV2 microglia. PNU282987 inhibited the interaction between β-arrestin-1 and NLRP3 protein in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that activating α7nAChR can lead to NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition via regulation of β-arrestin-1 in monocyte/microglia system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Naval Convalescent Zone of Hangzhou Sanatorium, Nanjing Military Command, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Food Safety, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Shao BZ, Ke P, Xu ZQ, Wei W, Cheng MH, Han BZ, Chen XW, Su DF, Liu C. Autophagy Plays an Important Role in Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms Stimulated by Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Immunol 2017; 8:553. [PMID: 28559895 PMCID: PMC5432615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been reported to alleviate neuroinflammation. Here, we aimed to determine the role of autophagy in α7nAChR-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and its underlying mechanism. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia were used as in vivo and in vitro models of neuroinflammation, respectively. The severity of EAE was evaluated with neurological scoring. Autophagy-related proteins (Beclin 1, LC3-II/I, p62/SQSTM1) were detected by immunoblot. Autophagosomes were observed using transmission electron microscopy and tandem fluorescent mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid was applied to test autophagy flux. The mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by real-time PCR. We used 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy-related gene 5 small interfering RNA (Atg5 siRNA) to block autophagy in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Activating α7nAChR with PNU282987 ameliorates EAE severity and spinal inflammatory infiltration in EAE mice. PNU282987 treatment also enhanced monocyte/microglia autophagy (Beclin 1, LC3-II/I ratio, p62/SQSTM1, colocalization of CD45- or CD68-positive cells with LC3) both in spinal cord and spleen from EAE mice. The beneficial effects of PNU282987 on EAE mice were partly abolished by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. In vitro, PNU282987 treatment increased autophagy and promoted autophagy flux. Blockade of autophagy by Atg5 siRNA or bafilomycin A1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of PNU282987 on IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α mRNA. Our results demonstrate for the first time that activating α7nAChR enhances monocyte/microglia autophagy, which suppresses neuroinflammation and thus plays an alleviative role in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ke
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Qi Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Ze Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ding-Feng Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Feriani DJ, Souza GI, Carrozzi NM, Mostarda C, Dourado PM, Consolim-Colombo FM, De Angelis K, Moreno H, Irigoyen MC, Rodrigues B. Impact of exercise training associated to pyridostigmine treatment on autonomic function and inflammatory profile after myocardial infarction in rats. Int J Cardiol 2017; 227:757-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Chang H, Gu HX, Gong M, Han JJ, Wang Y, Xia ZL, Zhao XM. Characteristic enhancement of blood pressure V-shaped waves in sinoaortic-denervated rats in a conscious and quiet state. Physiol Res 2016; 65:571-580. [PMID: 26988153 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A hemodynamic feature of chronic sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats is the increase in blood pressure variability (BPV) without significant changes in the average level of blood pressure (BP). The current study was designed to investigate the changes in BP V-shaped waves (V waves) in SAD rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 2 groups: SAD rats and sham-operated rats (n=13). Hemodynamics measurements were obtained in conscious, freely moving rats, four weeks after sinoaortic denervation or sham operation. V wave indices were evaluated in rats in both conscious and quiet states. Additionally, normal and high BPV was simulated by the production of V waves with different amplitudes. The results showed that the V wave amplitude was dramatically increased, with a significantly prolonged duration and reduced frequency in SAD rats. V wave BPV in SAD rats was significantly increased, though BP remained unchanged. The twenty-four hour BPV in all rats was positively correlated with amplitude, duration time and V wave BPV and negatively correlated with frequency. The systolic BP spectral powers in the low frequency range (0.38-0.45 Hz) were significantly reduced in the V waves of SAD rats. Moreover, there was a remarkable increase in mean BPV and a normal mean BP after simulating high BPV in SAD rats. These results suggest that enhancement of V waves might be a waveform character of BP in SAD rats in both the conscious and quiet states. These types of V waves appear to be related to a depression of sympathetic regulation of BP induced by sinoaortic denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Taian, China.
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26
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Baroreflex deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:92-99. [PMID: 27568460 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the initiation, propagation, and development of atherosclerosis. Arterial baroreflex (ABR) dysfunction induced by sinoaortic denervation (SAD) promoted the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. The present work was designed to examine whether ABR deficiency affected inflammation and oxidative stress via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) leading to the aggravation of atherosclerosis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice were fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 6weeks and half of the mice received sinoaortic denervation that destroyed ABR. We studied the expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), α7nAChR and levels of inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The results showed that baroreflex dysfunction could promote atherosclerosis, meanwhile, decrease the expression of VAChT and α7nAChR and significantly increase the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in SAD mice. After treated with PNU-282987 (a selective α7nAChR agonist, 0.53mg/kg/day) for 6weeks in SAD and Sham mice, we found that PNU-282987 could attenuate atherosclerosis and significantly decreased oxidative stress and inflammation after SAD. In addition, α7nAChR+/+ and α7nAChR-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 8weeks were co-treated with ketanserin (0.6mg/kg/day), a drug that can enhance baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Ketanserin could alleviate atherosclerosis and markedly decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in α7nAChR+/+ mice. But there were no effects in α7nAChR knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that ABR dysfunction aggravates atherosclerosis in mice via the vagus-ACh-α7nAChR-inflammation and oxidative stress pathway.
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27
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Fan BS, Zhang EH, Cheng MH, Wu ZT, Han B, Yu JG. Diurnal Variation of the Peripheral Cholinergic Antiinflammatory Function in Mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:764-70. [PMID: 27306582 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cholinergic antiinflammatory (CAI) pathway functions importantly in inflammation via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). The present work tested circadian rhythm in peripheral CAI activity and validities of CAI activity and glucocorticoids in chronotherapy for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock. METHODS Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) expressed in liver and kidney was examined every 3 h in C57BL/6 mice. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum and survival time in shock were monitored after LPS injection every 3 h. Mifepristone, antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), antagonist of α7nAChR, were administrated before LPS to block antiinflammatory function of endogenous glucocorticoids and acetylcholine. RESULTS Both levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 6 and mortality exhibited diurnal variations with prominent peaks when LPS was given at 15:00, and the minimum mortality occurred at 00:00. Expression of VAChT increased during resting period. MLA increased serum proinflammatory cytokines slightly, but not affected survival rate. Both differences in cytokines and in survival times between LPS injection at 15:00 and 00:00 were eliminated by mifepristone, but not by MLA. CONCLUSION Peripheral CAI pathway exerts more powerful antiinflammatory effect during resting period. Glucocorticoids appear to be efficient in chronotherapy for septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shi Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming-He Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Tang Wu
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Abstract
The vagus nerve can sense peripheral inflammation and transmit action potentials from the periphery to the brainstem. Vagal afferent signaling is integrated in the brainstem, and efferent vagus nerves carry outbound signals that terminate in spleen and other organs. Stimulation of efferent vagus nerve leads to the release of acetylcholine in these organs. In turn, acetylcholine interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, particularly with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), which is expressed by macrophages and other cytokine-producing cells. Ultimately, the production of proinflammatory cytokines is markedly inhibited. This neuroimmune communication is termed "the inflammatory reflex". The uncontrolled inflammation as a result from sepsis can lead to multiple organ failure, and even death. Experimental data show that regulation of the inflammatory reflex appears to be a useful interventional strategy for septic response. Herein, we review recent advances in the understanding of the inflammatory reflex and discuss potential therapeutics that vagal modulation of the immune system for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- a Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Department of ICU , Weihai Municipal Hospital , Weihai , China
| | - Yi-Mei Yin
- b Department of ICU , Weihai Municipal Hospital , Weihai , China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- a Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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29
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Rocha JA, Ribeiro SP, França CM, Coelho O, Alves G, Lacchini S, Kallás EG, Irigoyen MC, Consolim-Colombo FM. Increase in cholinergic modulation with pyridostigmine induces anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after acute myocardial infarction in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R697-706. [PMID: 26791829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00328.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that an increase in the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, when induced by pyridostigmine (PY), may modulate subtypes of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+) and macrophages (M1/M2) soon after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Wistar rats, randomly allocated to receive PY (40 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) in drinking water or to stay without treatment, were followed for 4 days and then were subjected to ligation of the left coronary artery. The groups-denominated as the pyridostigmine-treated infarcted (IP) and infarcted control (I) groups-were submitted to euthanasia 3 days after MI; the heart was removed for immunohistochemistry, and the peripheral blood and spleen were collected for flow cytometry analysis. Noninfarcted and untreated rats were used as controls (C Group). Echocardiographic measurements were registered on the second day after MI, and heart rate variability was measured on the third day after MI. The infarcted groups had similar MI areas, degrees of systolic dysfunction, blood pressures, and heart rates. Compared with the I Group, the IP Group showed a significant higher parasympathetic modulation and a lower sympathetic modulation, which were associated with a small, but significant, increase in diastolic function. The IP Group showed a significant increase in M2 macrophages and FOXP3(+)cells in the infarcted and peri-infarcted areas, a significantly higher frequency of circulating Treg cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)), and a less extreme decrease in conventional T cells (CD25(+)FOXP3(-)) compared with the I Group. Therefore, increasing cholinergic modulation with PY induces greater anti-inflammatory cell recruitment soon after MY in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraci Aparecida Rocha
- Heart Institute (InCor)-Hypertension Unit, Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- University of São Paulo-Medical School University of São Paulo, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Division of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Lacchini
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallás
- University of São Paulo-Medical School University of São Paulo, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Division of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Heart Institute (InCor)-Hypertension Unit, Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Consolim-Colombo
- Heart Institute (InCor)-Hypertension Unit, Medical School University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Olshansky B. Vagus nerve modulation of inflammation: Cardiovascular implications. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2016; 26:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Brain protection against ischemic stroke using choline as a new molecular bypass treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1416-25. [PMID: 26567726 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether administration of choline could attenuate brain injury in a rat model of ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A rat model of ischemic stroke was established through permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). After the surgery, the rats were treated with choline or choline plus the specific α7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA), or with the control drug nimodipine for 10 days. The neurological deficits, brain-infarct volume, pial vessel density and the number of microvessels in the cortex were assessed. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (rBMECs) cultured under hypoxic conditions were used in in vitro experiments. RESULTS Oral administration of choline (100 or 200 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) or nimodipine (20 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) significantly improved neurological deficits, and reduced infarct volume and nerve cell loss in the ischemic cerebral cortices in pMCAO rats. Furthermore, oral administration of choline, but not nimodipine, promoted the pial arteriogenesis and cerebral-cortical capillary angiogenesis in the ischemic regions. Moreover, oral administration of choline significantly augmented pMCAO-induced increases in the expression levels of α7 nAChR, HIF-1α and VEGF in the ischemic cerebral cortices as well as in the serum levels of VEGF. Choline-induced protective effects were prevented by co-treatment with MLA (1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ip). Treatment of rBMECs cultured under hypoxic conditions in vitro with choline (1, 10 and 100 μmol/L) dose-dependently promoted the endothelial-cell proliferation, migration and tube formation, as well as VEGF secretion, which were prevented by co-treatment with MLA (1 μmol/L) or by transfection with HIF-1α siRNA. CONCLUSION Choline effectively attenuates brain ischemic injury in pMCAO rats, possibly by facilitating pial arteriogenesis and cerebral-cortical capillary angiogenesis via upregulating α7 nAChR levels and inducing the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.
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32
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Improving vagal activity ameliorates cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II: in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17108. [PMID: 26596640 PMCID: PMC4656999 DOI: 10.1038/srep17108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is characterized by overactivity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and withdrawal of vagal activity. We hypothesized that improving vagal activity could attenuate cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. Rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) with or without pyridostigmine (PYR) (31 mg/kg/d). After 8 weeks, PYR significantly decreased Ang II level, AT1 protein expression, and collagen deposition in cardiac tissue and improved heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac function, which were abolished by atropine. In vitro, treatment of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with Ang II (10−7 M) increased cell proliferation, migration, transformation, and secretory properties, which were significantly diminished by acetylcholine (ACh, 10−6 M). Subsequently, Ang II significantly increased collagen type I expression as well as metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and activity. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression and Smad3 phosphorylation presented a similar trend. Notably, the knockdown of the acetylcholine M2 receptor by siRNA could abolish ACh anti-fibrotic action. These data implicated cholinesterase inhibitor can increase vagal activity and reduce local Ang II level, and ACh inhibit Ang II pro-fibrotic effects. Our findings suggested that the parasympathetic nervous system can serve as a promising target for cardiac remodeling treatment.
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Hao CN, Shi YQ, Cheng ZE, Cheng X. Beyond autonomic neuromodulation: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor against peripheral artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2015; 178:253-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pyridostigmine ameliorates cardiac remodeling induced by myocardial infarction via inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β1/TGF-β1-activated kinase pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:412-20. [PMID: 24805145 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic predominance coinciding with diminished vagal activity is an independent risk factor in cardiovascular diseases. Several studies show that vagus nerve stimulation exerted beneficial effects on cardiac function and survival. In this study, we investigated the vagomimetic effect of pyridostigmine on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction. After myocardial infarction, surviving rats were treated with or without pyridostigmine (31 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) for 2 weeks, and hemodynamic parameters were measured. LV tissue was used to assess infarct size and interstitial fibrosis by Masson's trichrome and 0.1% picrosirius red staining. Protein expression of heart tissues was used to assess the efficacy of the treatment. Pyridostigmine markedly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac diastolic function. These improvements were accompanied with a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and collagen deposition. Additionally, pyridostigmine inhibited both transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β1-activated kinase expression in hearts postmyocardial infarction. Thus, pyridostigmine reduces collagen deposition, attenuates cardiac fibrosis, and improves LV diastolic function after myocardial infarction via TGF-β1/TGF-β1-activated kinase pathway inhibition.
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De Ferrari GM, Sanzo A, Castelli GM, Turco A, Ravera A, Badilini F, Schwartz PJ. Rapid recovery of baroreceptor reflexes in acute myocardial infarction is a marker of effective tissue reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2014; 7:553-9. [PMID: 25070681 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-014-9578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) measured several days after myocardial infarction (MI) is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular mortality. No information is available on BRS in the early hours of MI. The possibility to reliably assess BRS in the acute phase of MI and its clinical correlates were evaluated in 45 patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). BRS (sequence method) was assessed 1, 3, 6, and 12 h after PCI. ST resolution (STRes) was considered present if ST had decreased ≥70 % 3 h after PCI. BRS was 10.7 ± 6.2 1 h after PCI; at 12 h it was 15.4 ± 5.2 and 8.4 ± 4.8 ms/mmHg in patients with and without STRes, respectively (p < 0.001). STRes was an independent predictor of 12 h BRS (p = 0.005) and of 1-12 h BRS difference (p = 0.002). BRS can be reliably assessed in the first hours of MI; it shows a rapid recovery in patients with STRes and a significant depression in patients without STres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano M De Ferrari
- Department of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi, 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy,
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Hao C, Huang ZH, Song SW, Shi YQ, Cheng XW, Murohara T, Lu W, Su DF, Duan JL. Arterial baroreflex dysfunction impairs ischemia-induced angiogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000804. [PMID: 24820655 PMCID: PMC4309071 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelium‐derived acetylcholine (eACh) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular actions in response to hypoxia, whereas arterial baroreflex (ABR) dysfunction impairs the eACh system. We investigated the effects of ABR dysfunction on ischemia‐induced angiogenesis in animal models of hindlimb ischemia with a special focus on eACh/nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) signaling activation. Methods and Results Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups that received (1) sham operation (control group), (2) sinoaortic denervation (SAD)‐induced ABR dysfunction (SAD group), or (3) SAD rats on diet with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine (30 mg/kg per day, SAD+Pyr group). After 4 weeks of the SAD intervention, unilateral limb ischemia was surgically induced in all animals. At postoperative day 14, SAD rats exhibited impaired angiogenic action (skin temperature and capillary density) and decreased angiogenic factor expressions (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and hypoxic inducible factor [HIF]‐1α) in ischemic muscles. These changes were restored by acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Rats with ABR dysfunction had lower eACh levels than did control rats, and this effect was recovered in SAD+Pyr rats. In α7‐nAChR knockout mice, pyridostigmine improved ischemia‐induced angiogenic responses and increased the levels of VEGF and HIF‐1α. Moreover, nicotinic receptor blocker inhibited VEGF expression and VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation (p‐VEGFR2) induced by ACh analog. Conclusions Thus, ABR dysfunction appears to impair ischemia‐induced angiogenesis through the reduction of eACh/α7‐nAChR‐dependent and ‐independent HIF‐1α/VEGF‐VEGFR2 signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Qin F, Lu Y, He X, Zhao M, Bi X, Yu X, Liu J, Zang W. Pyridostigmine prevents peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats with myocardial infarction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:202-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Xueyuan Bi
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
| | - Weijin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi China
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Yu JG, Zhang EH, Liu AJ, Liu JG, Cai GJ, Su DF. Ketanserin improves cardiac performance after myocardial infarction in spontaneously hypertensive rats partially through restoration of baroreflex function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1508-14. [PMID: 24241347 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Baroreflex dysfunction is associated with a higher rate of sudden death after myocardial infarction (MI). Ketanserin enhances baroreflex function in rats. The present work was designed to examine whether ketanserin improves the post-MI cardiac function and to explore the possible mechanism involved. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with ketanserin (0.3 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)). Two weeks later, blood pressure and baroreflex function were measured, followed by a ligation of the left coronary artery. The expressions of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) in ischemic myocardium, angiogenesis, cardiac function, and left ventricular (LV) remodeling were evaluated subsequently. RESULTS Ketanserin significantly improved baroreflex sensitivity (0.62±0.21 vs 0.34±0.12 ms/mmHg, P<0.01) and vagal tonic activity (heart rate changes in response to atropine, 54.8±16.2 vs 37.6±13.4 bpm, P<0.01) without affecting the blood pressure or basic heart rate in SHR. Treatment of SHR with ketanserin prominently improved cardiac function and alleviated LV remodeling, as reflected by increases in the ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and LV systolic pressure as well as decreases in LV internal diameter and LV relative weight. The capillary density, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and blood flow in the ischemic myocardium were significantly higher in the ketanserin-treated group. In addition, ketanserin markedly increased the expression of VAChT and α7-nAChR in ischemic myocardium. CONCLUSION Ketanserin improved post-MI cardiac function and angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium. The findings provide a mechanistic basis for restoring baroreflex function using ketanserin in the treatment of MI.
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Liu AJ, Zang P, Guo JM, Wang W, Dong WZ, Guo W, Xiong ZG, Wang WZ, Su DF. Involvement of acetylcholine-α7nAChR in the protective effects of arterial baroreflex against ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 18:918-26. [PMID: 23106973 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is associated with poor outcome in many cardiovascular diseases including stroke, but the molecular mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. This work was designed to test the hypothesis that acetylcholine (ACh) and α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (α7nAChR) mediate the protection of arterial baroreflex against stroke. METHODS Sinoaortic denervation (SAD) was used to impair the function of arterial baroreflex, and anticholinesterase agents were used to activate the cholinergic system and increase endogenous ACh. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed in the α7nAChR knockout (KO) mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS We found decreased expression of vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) and α7nAChR in rat brain after SAD. In rats subjected to MCAO, neostigmine significantly reduced the infarct size. The protective effects of neostigmine were abolished by selective nAChR antagonist vecuronium but not by mAChR antagonist anisodamine. In addition, the effect of neostigmine disappeared in α7nAChR KO mice. In cultured neurons, ACh inhibited cell death induced by H(2) O(2) . In cultured microglial cells, ACh decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide. These in vitro effects were blocked by selective α7nAChR antagonists. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings indicate that the ACh-α7nAChR involved in the protective effects of arterial baroreflex against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Kong SS, Liu JJ, Hwang TC, Yu XJ, Zhao M, Zhao M, Yuan BX, Lu Y, Kang YM, Wang B, Zang WJ. Optimizing the parameters of vagus nerve stimulation by uniform design in rats with acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189120 PMCID: PMC3506552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve left ventricular function and survival in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and this maneuver has also been adopted clinically for the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that VNS can modulate the level of pro-inflammatory factors. Despite the beneficial effects of VNS, the stimulation parameters for obtaining favorable outcomes appear highly variable. To optimize VNS parameters, we set up different stimulation protocols with different pulse width (1-2 ms), frequency (1-6 Hz), voltage (1-6 V) and duration (40-240 min) of VNS by uniform design (UD). Rats were divided into seven groups with (Group1-Group6) or without VNS (MI group). Our results demonstrate that (1) the parameter sets in Group1, Group2 and Group3 yield the best post-MI protection by VNS, while the protective role were not observed in Group4, Group5 and Group6; (2) baroreflex sensitivity and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor level were also increased in Group1, Group2 and Group3. (3) the parameter set in Group1 (G1:1 ms, 2 Hz, 3 V, 240 min) is judged the most optimal parameter in this study as rats in this group not only showed a reduced myocardial injury with better-preserved cardiac function compared with other groups, more important, but also exhibited minimal heart rate (HR) reduction. (4) the duration of VNS plays an important role in determining the protection effect of VNS. In conclusion, VNS displays a beneficial role in Group1, Group2 and Group3. Of note, the parameter set in Group1 provides the most optimal cardioprotective effect. These results may provide insight into development of novel treatment for ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tyzh-Chang Hwang
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, College of Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Liu C, Su D. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Front Med 2012; 6:35-40. [PMID: 22460446 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is important in the pathogenesis and development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies show that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production through "the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway," more specifically via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). In the current study, the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during septic shock, hypertension, and myocardial infarction is reviewed, and its possible clinical implications in cardiovascular diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Yang C, Yu JG, Liu JG, Cai GJ, Su DF. Role of intracranial microaneurysm in the pathogenesis of stroke in SHR-SP. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 17:787-9. [PMID: 22117803 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2011.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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