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Markey K, Msowoya U, Burduladze N, Salsberg J, MacFarlane A, Dore L, Gilfoyle M. Antecedents and Consequences of Health Literacy among Refugees and Migrants during the First Two Years of COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:116. [PMID: 38787049 PMCID: PMC11126087 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Supporting refugee and migrant health has become a critical focus of healthcare policy. Developing and designing health literacy interventions that meet the needs of refugees and migrants is core to achieving this objective. This literature review sought to identify antecedents and consequences of health literacy among refugees and migrants during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically searched nine electronic databases and numerous grey literature sources to identify studies published between December 2019 and March 2022. The antecedents (societal and environmental determinants, situational determinants, and personal determinants) and consequences of health literacy among refugees and migrants were mapped to a validated integrated health literacy model. Social and environmental determinants (n = 35) were the most reported antecedent influencing health literacy among refugees and migrants during the first two years of COVID-19. Language (n = 26) and culture (n = 16) were these determinants' most frequently reported aspects. Situational determinants (n = 24) and personal determinants (n = 26) were less frequently identified factors influencing health literacy among refugees and migrants. Literacy (n = 11) and socioeconomic status (n = 8) were the most frequently reported aspects of personal determinants. Media use (n = 9) and family and peer influence (n = 7) were the most cited situational determinants reported. Refugees and migrants with higher levels of health literacy were more likely to use healthcare services, resulting in better health outcomes. The findings of this review reveal personal and situational factors that impacted health literacy among refugees and migrants during COVID-19 that require attention. However, the inadequate adaptation of health literacy interventions for linguistic and cultural diversity was a greater problem. Attention to this well-known aspect of public health preparedness and tailoring health literacy interventions to the needs of refugees and migrants during pandemics and other public health emergencies are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Markey
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Uchizi Msowoya
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Nino Burduladze
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jon Salsberg
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Anne MacFarlane
- School of Medicine and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liz Dore
- Glucksman Library, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Meghan Gilfoyle
- Women’s College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care, Toronto, ON M5S 1B2, Canada
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Lan Z, Wu X, Huang J, Pan C, Lai J, Liang X. Obstetric service demand is the main health need of the Vietnamese population in Guangxi, China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37234. [PMID: 38335402 PMCID: PMC10860929 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
China has become an emerging destination for international migration, especially in some Association of South East Asian Nations countries, but the situation of migrants seeking medical care in China remains unclear. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital in Chongzuo, which provides medical services for foreigners, to investigate the situation of Vietnamese people seeking health care in Guangxi, China. Vietnamese patients who visited the hospital between 2018 and 2020 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, characteristics of payment for medical costs, and characteristics of hospitalization were compared between outpatients and inpatients. In total, 778 Vietnamese outpatients and 173 inpatients were included in this study. The percentages of female outpatients and inpatients were 93.44% and 88.44% (χ2 = 5.133, P = .023), respectively. Approximately 30% of outpatients and 47% of inpatients visited the hospital due to obstetric needs. The proportions of outpatients with basic medical insurance for urban residents, basic medical insurance for urban employees, and new cooperative medical schemes were 28.02%, 3.21%, and 2.31%, respectively. In comparison, the proportion of inpatients with the above 3 types of medical insurance was 16.76%, 1.73%, and 2.31%, respectively. The proportion of different payments for medical costs between outpatients and inpatients were significantly different (χ2 = 24.404, P < .01). Middle-aged Vietnamese females in Guangxi, China, may have much greater healthcare needs. Their main medical demand is for obstetric services. Measurements should be taken to improve the health services targeting Vietnamese female, but the legitimacy of Vietnamese in Guangxi is a major prerequisite for them to access more and better healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhini Lan
- Office of International Exchange and Cooperation, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Wu
- Administration Office, The People’s Hospital of Chongzuo, Chongzuo, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiefang Huang
- Liaison Office, The People’s Hospital of Chongzuo, Chongzuo, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuizhu Pan
- Office of International Exchange and Cooperation, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Headmaster’s Office, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Pérez-Muto V, Bertran MJ, Barón-Miras L, Torá-Rocamora I, Gualda-Gea JJ, Vilella A. Inequalities in health outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection by migration status in Barcelona, Spain. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1297025. [PMID: 38259790 PMCID: PMC10800692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1297025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Migrants are a vulnerable population at risk of worse health outcomes due to legal status, language barriers, and socioeconomic and cultural factors. Considering the conflicting literature on the subject, it is important to further explore the extent and nature of these inequalities. Objective The aim of this study is to compare health outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection between Spanish native and migrant population living in Barcelona. Methods Observational retrospective cohort study including all adult cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection who visited a tertiary hospital in Barcelona between the 1st March 2020 and the 31st March 2022. We established the following five health outcomes: the presence of symptomatology, hospitalisation, intensive care unit admission, use of mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital 30-day mortality (IHM). Using Spanish natives as a reference, Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated for migrants by multivariate logistic regression and adjusted by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Results Of 11,589 patients (46.8% females), 3,914 were born outside of Spain, although 34.8% of them had legal citizenship. Most migrants were born in the Americas Region (20.3%), followed by other countries in Europe (17.2%). Migrants were younger than natives (median 43 [IQR 33-55] years vs. 65 [49-78] years) and had a higher socioeconomic privation index, less comorbidities, and fewer vaccine doses. Adjusted models showed migrants were more likely to report SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology with an adjusted OR of 1.36 (95%CI 1.20-1.54), and more likely to be hospitalised (OR 1.11 [IC95% 1.00-1.23], p < 0.05), but less likely to experience IHM (OR 0.67 [IC95% 0.47-0.93], p < 0.05). Conclusion Characteristics of migrant and native population differ greatly, which could be translated into different needs and health priorities. Native population had higher odds of IHM, but migrants were more likely to present to care symptomatic and to be hospitalised. This could suggest disparities in healthcare access for migrant population. More research on health disparities beyond SARS-CoV-2 in migrant populations is necessary to identify gaps in healthcare access and health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pérez-Muto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Bertran
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Barón-Miras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Torá-Rocamora
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Gualda-Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vilella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Clinical Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Elers P, Dutta MJ. Situating Health Experiences: A Culture-Centered Interrogation. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38131212 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2296772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Culture-centered studies of health communication de-center the theorization of health as an individual behavior and reveal the structural conditions that shape inequalities in health outcomes. The present study examines the ways in which space and housing shape experiences of health in a low-income site in Auckland undergoing radical redevelopment. We draw from a culture-centered project undertaken in 2018-2021 predominantly among Māori and Pasifika peoples involving 60 initial in-depth interviews, seven focus groups, a series of filmed interviews, and 32 additional in-depth interviews conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The residents' narratives foregrounded the detrimental health impact of inadequate housing, financial constraints, transience, and displacement that severs ties to place and community. These findings reveal the relationship between housing challenges, economic marginalization, and neoliberal capitalism, highlighting the need for policy interventions to address housing as a fundamental determinant of health disparities among marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Elers
- Center for Culture-Centered Approach to Research and Evaluation (CARE), School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University
| | - Mohan J Dutta
- Center for Culture-Centered Approach to Research and Evaluation (CARE), School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University
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Bousmah MAQ, Gosselin A, Coulibaly K, Ravalihasy A, Taéron C, Senne JN, Gubert F, Desgrées du Loû A. Immigrants' health empowerment and access to health coverage in France: A stepped wedge randomised controlled trial. Soc Sci Med 2023; 339:116400. [PMID: 37988803 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Throughout Europe, migration-related health inequalities are mirrored by large inequalities in health coverage. There is a need to develop novel strategies to secure access to health insurance for immigrants in Europe, in order to meet the shared Sustainable Development Goal of universal health coverage. We evaluated the impact of an original health-related empowerment intervention on access to health coverage among vulnerable, mostly undocumented immigrants in France. As part of the MAKASI study, we adopted an outreach approach and developed a community-based intervention with and for immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in precarious conditions in the Greater Paris area. This participatory intervention was grounded in the theory of individual empowerment. Using a stepped wedge randomised design, we first conducted a robust evaluation of the effect of the intervention on access to health coverage at three and six months post-intervention. We then investigated whether the intervention effect was mediated by a health empowerment process. Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 821 participants - 77% of whom were men - were recruited in public spaces and followed up for six months. Participants had been living in France for four years on average, 75% of them had no residence permit, and 44% had no health coverage at the time of inclusion. The probability of accessing health coverage increased by 29 percentage points at six months post-intervention (p < 0.01). This improvement was partially mediated by a health empowerment process, namely a reinforcement of participants' knowledge of and capacity to access available social and health resources. A health empowerment intervention largely improved access to health insurance among vulnerable immigrants in France. Our findings may be transferred to other settings where immigrants are entitled to health insurance. This study offers promising perspectives - beyond information provision and direct referral - to reduce migration-related inequalities in health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwân-Al-Qays Bousmah
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, INSERM, Ceped, F-75006, Paris, France; French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Anne Gosselin
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, INSERM, Ceped, F-75006, Paris, France; French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Karna Coulibaly
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, INSERM, Ceped, F-75006, Paris, France; French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Andrainolo Ravalihasy
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, INSERM, Ceped, F-75006, Paris, France; French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France
| | | | - Jean-Noël Senne
- RITM, Université Paris-Saclay, Sceaux, France; IRD, UMR LEDa-DIAL, PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Flore Gubert
- French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France; IRD, UMR LEDa-DIAL, PSL, Université Paris-Dauphine, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Desgrées du Loû
- Université Paris Cité, IRD, INSERM, Ceped, F-75006, Paris, France; French Collaborative Institute on Migrations, CNRS, Aubervilliers, France
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Hitch L, Masoud D, Hobbs LA, Moujabber M, Cravero K. The vulnerability to COVID-19 of migrants in large urban areas: structural exacerbators and community-level mitigators. Eur J Public Health 2023:7165694. [PMID: 37192833 PMCID: PMC10393490 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research on large urban areas in the context of COVID-19, evidence on how these settings impact migrants is still limited. OBJECTIVE To explore exacerbating and mitigating factors of large urban areas on migrants' vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2022, focused on migrants (foreign-born individuals who have not been naturalized in the host country, regardless of legal immigration status) in urban areas with a population >500 000. After screening 880 studies, 29 studies were included and categorized within the following thematic framework: (i) pre-existing inequities, (ii) governance strategies, (iii) urban design and (iv) engagement of civil society organizations (CSOs). RESULTS Exacerbating factors include pre-existing inequities (e.g. unemployment, financial instability and barriers to healthcare access), exclusionary government responses (e.g. ineligibility for relief funds or unemployment benefits) and residential segregation. Mitigating community-level factors include the engagement of CSOs to fill institutional and governmental gaps through service provision and use of technology. CONCLUSIONS We recommend increased attention to pre-existing structural inequities faced by migrants, more inclusive governance strategies and partnerships between government and CSOs to improve the design and delivery of services to migrants in large urban areas. More research is needed on how urban design can be utilized to mitigate COVID-19 impacts on migrant communities. The factors identified in this systematic review should be considered as part of migrant-inclusive emergency preparedness strategies to address the disproportionate impact of health crises on migrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hitch
- Center for Immigrant, Refugee, and Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Dima Masoud
- Center for Immigrant, Refugee, and Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Ansley Hobbs
- Center for Immigrant, Refugee, and Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Marvy Moujabber
- Center for Immigrant, Refugee, and Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Cravero
- Center for Immigrant, Refugee, and Global Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
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Teodorowski P, Rodgers SE, Fleming K, Tahir N, Ahmed S, Frith L. 'To me, it's ones and zeros, but in reality that one is death': A qualitative study exploring researchers' experience of involving and engaging seldom-heard communities in big data research. Health Expect 2023; 26:882-891. [PMID: 36691930 PMCID: PMC10010102 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Big data research requires public support. It has been argued that this can be achieved by public involvement and engagement to ensure that public views are at the centre of research projects. Researchers should aim to include diverse communities, including seldom-heard voices, to ensure that a range of voices are heard and that research is meaningful to them. OBJECTIVE We explored how researchers involve and engage seldom-heard communities around big data research. METHODS This is a qualitative study. Researchers who had experience of involving or engaging seldom-heard communities in big data research were recruited. They were based in England (n = 5), Scotland (n = 4), Belgium (n = 2) and Canada (n = 1). Twelve semistructured interviews were conducted on Zoom. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and we used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse participants' experiences. RESULTS The analysis highlighted the complexity of involving and engaging seldom-heard communities around big data research. Four themes were developed to represent participants' experiences: (1) abstraction and complexity of big data, (2) one size does not fit all, (3) working in partnership and (4) empowering the public contribution. CONCLUSION The study offers researchers a better understanding of how to involve and engage seldom-heard communities in a meaningful way around big data research. There is no one right approach, with involvement and engagement activities required to be project-specific and dependent on the public contributors, researchers' needs, resources and time available. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT Two public contributors are authors of the paper and they were involved in the study design, analysis and writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Teodorowski
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Rodgers
- Department of Public Health, Policy & Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate Fleming
- National Disease Registration Service, NHS Digital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Frith
- Department of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Refle JE, Fakhoury J, Burton-Jeangros C, Consoli L, Jackson Y. Impact of legal status regularization on undocumented migrants’ self-reported and mental health in Switzerland. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101398. [PMID: 37123558 PMCID: PMC10130692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Undocumented migrants face cumulative difficulties like precarious living and working conditions or exclusion from health services that might negatively influence their health. Little is known about the evolution of undocumented migrants' self-reported health (SRH) and mental health after they get documented. This study aims to observe the effect of legal status regularization on SRH and mental health in a cohort of migrants undergoing regularization in Geneva, Switzerland. We evaluate SRH with the first item of the Short Form Survey (SF12) and depression as a proxy of mental health with the PHQ-9 questionnaire over four years among 387 undocumented and newly documented migrants. Using hybrid linear models, our data show that regularization has no direct effect on SRH, but has direct positive effects on mental health in a longitudinal perspective, even when controlling for competing factors. The arrival of the pandemic did not alter these effects. Migrants tend to evaluate their subjective health status more positively than the prevalence of screened depression shows. Those findings point towards better targeted policies that could reduce the burden of depression among undocumented migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Refle
- LIVES, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Fakhoury
- LIVES, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Burton-Jeangros
- LIVES, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liala Consoli
- LIVES, Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Sociological Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Jackson
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil 4, 1211, 14 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tamura M, Kotani H, Katsura Y, Okai H. Mosque as a COVID-19 vaccination site in collaboration with a private clinic: A short report from Osaka, Japan. PROGRESS IN DISASTER SCIENCE 2022; 16:100263. [PMID: 36408327 PMCID: PMC9639407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic minorities are vulnerable to disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination strategies that do not leave ethnic minorities behind are required. This is a report on the use of Osaka Islamic Center, a mosque, as a group vaccination site for an ethnic minority group in Osaka, Japan, from August to September 2021. We aimed to discuss (1) the process of turning the mosque to a vaccination site, (2) the linguistic and religious considerations made, and (3) the reasons people got vaccinated at the mosque. We interviewed stakeholders and vaccine recipients in December 2021. The survey shows that the mosque administrators voluntarily collaborated with a private clinic to become a vaccination site after learning of another mosque that had undertaken a similar venture. On the day of the vaccination, the mosque administrators' experiences with a large vaccination site informed the smooth operation of the site. They made linguistic considerations (i.e., having volunteers fill out medical questionnaires and administrators aid in language interpretation) and religious considerations (i.e., dividing the space and time of vaccination according to gender) for foreign Muslims. In particular, linguistic considerations were favorably accepted by vaccination recipients and were considered a factor that encouraged them to get vaccinated. The mosque also linked unvaccinated people to the clinic even after finishing vaccination at the mosque, suggesting that it may have played a role in ensuring they were not left behind. This case is expected to stimulate activities performed in mosques and by ethnic minority groups in future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tamura
- Department of International Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomu Kotani
- Department of Natural Resources, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katsura
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Okai
- Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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Lancet Migration European Regional Hub: Working together towards inclusive, evidence-based outcomes for promoting and protecting the health of migrants in the European Region. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 23:100534. [PMID: 36338837 PMCID: PMC9634009 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ekezie W, Maxwell A, Byron M, Czyznikowska B, Osman I, Moylan K, Gong S, Pareek M. Health Communication and Inequalities in Primary Care Access during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom: Lived Experiences and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15166. [PMID: 36429886 PMCID: PMC9690007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Health Communication is critical in the context of public health and this was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethnic minority groups were significantly impacted during the pandemic; however, communication and information available to them were reported to be insufficient. This study explored the health information communication amongst ethnic communities in relation to their experiences with primary health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research used qualitative methodology using focus groups and semi-structured interviews with community members and leaders from three ethnic minority communities (African-Caribbean, Somali and South Asian) in Leicester, United Kingdom. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and open-coded. Rigour was determined through methodological coherence, appropriate and sufficient sampling, and iterative data collection and analysis. Six focus groups and interviews were conducted with 42 participants. Four overarching themes were identified related to health communication, experiences, services and community recommendations to improve primary care communication. To address primary care inequalities effectively and improve future health communication strategies, experiences from the pandemic should be reflected upon, and positive initiatives infused into the healthcare strategies, especially for ethnic minority communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Ekezie
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Centre for Ethnic Health Research, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Akilah Maxwell
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Margaret Byron
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Barbara Czyznikowska
- Centre for Ethnic Health Research, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Idil Osman
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Katie Moylan
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sarah Gong
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
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Kotani H, Okai H, Tamura M. COVID-19 vaccination at a mosque with multilingual and religious considerations for ethnic minorities: A case study in Kanagawa, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 82:103378. [PMID: 36267877 PMCID: PMC9561392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During a disaster, such as a pandemic, ethnic minorities tend to be left behind due to linguistic and religious differences. In the COVID-19 vaccination process, measures to include them are necessary, including the utilization of their resources and networks. The functions and challenges of such measures should be explored in real-world cases. We targeted a case in Ebina, Kanagawa, Japan, where a mosque, being a hub of foreign Muslims, was used as a vaccination site. This was the first, and the only, case in Japan with the involvement of the local government. We aimed to detail (1) the linguistic and religious responses at the mosque, (2) the perceptions of vaccine recipients regarding linguistic and religious issues and considerations, and (3) the problems that arose when using the mosque. We conducted an e-mail survey of the local government and a field survey-field observations and interviews with relevant stakeholders (e.g., mosque managers and female vaccinees). The surveys found various linguistic (e.g., interpretation by mosque-related volunteers) and religious (i.e., separating vaccination spaces based on gender) considerations provided at the mosque, which the vaccinees favorably accepted. The measure likely promoted vaccination by increasing the intention to vaccinate and closing the intention-behavior gap. If some identified problems (e.g., complaints from the Japanese) are mitigated, the function of the mosque as a vaccination site would be further enhanced. The results also support the significant potential of mosques in Muslim-minority societies to approach ethnic minorities in disasters, including pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomu Kotani
- Department of Natural Resources, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Okai
- Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Tamura
- Department of International Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Kumar BN, Diaz E, Castaneda AE, Ahrne M, NØrredam ML, Puthoopparambil SJ. Migration health research in the Nordic countries: Priorities and implications for public health. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:1039-1046. [PMID: 36245405 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The past 50 years have witnessed an increase in immigration to the Nordic countries from and beyond neighbouring countries in Europe. Diversity implies variations and differences in health status and health outcomes both within and across populations. Migrant health research has not been prioritized and health policies and practice, especially long-term national plans, often exclude migrants. In this article, we briefly trace the history, the groups, reasons for migration and the road to migrant health research in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. We discuss the case for data and research including needs, basis for data collection and the methodological challenges. We provide a brief snapshot of migrant health research, identify current gaps and discuss the implications for research. We recommend a regional Nordic strategy to promote intercountry exchange, sharing and learning. Finally, we reflect on the larger picture, implications for policy and practice that could enable societal conditions to reduce avoidable health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malin Ahrne
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
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14
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Tjaden J, Haarmann E, Savaskan N. Experimental evidence on improving COVID-19 vaccine outreach among migrant communities on social media. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16256. [PMID: 36171245 PMCID: PMC9518941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies from several countries suggest that COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among migrants compared to the general population. Urgent calls have been made to improve vaccine outreach to migrants, however, there is limited evidence on effective approaches, especially using social media. We assessed a targeted, low-cost, Facebook campaign disseminating COVID-19 vaccine information among Arabic, Turkish and Russian speakers in Germany (N = 888,994). As part of the campaign, we conducted two randomized, online experiments to assess the impact of the advertisement (1) language and (2) depicted messenger (government authority, religious leader, doctor or family). Key outcomes included reach, click-through rates, conversion rates and cost-effectiveness. Within 29 days, the campaign reached 890 thousand Facebook users. On average, 2.3 individuals accessed the advertised COVID-19 vaccination appointment tool for every euro spent on the campaign. Migrants were 2.4 (Arabic), 1.8 (Russian) and 1.2 (Turkish) times more likely to click on advertisements translated to their native language compared to German-language advertisements. Furthermore, findings showed that government representatives can be more successful in engaging migrants online compared to other messengers, despite common claims of lower trust in government institutions among migrants. This study highlights the potential of tailored, and translated, vaccination campaigns on social media for reaching migrants who may be left out by traditional media campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Tjaden
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Esther Haarmann
- International Organization for Migration, Global Migration Data Analysis Centre, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Passos-Castilho AM, Labbé AC, Barkati S, Luong ML, Dagher O, Maynard N, Tutt-Guérette MA, Kierans J, Rousseau C, Benedetti A, Azoulay L, Greenaway C. Outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Canada: impact of ethnicity, migration status and country of birth. J Travel Med 2022; 29:6567954. [PMID: 35417000 PMCID: PMC9047205 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnoracial groups in high-income countries have a 2-fold higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated hospitalizations, and mortality than Whites. Migrants are an ethnoracial subset that may have worse COVID-19 outcomes due to additional barriers accessing care, but there are limited data on in-hospital outcomes. We aimed to disaggregate and compare COVID-19 associated hospital outcomes by ethnicity, immigrant status and region of birth. METHODS Adults with community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalized March 1-June 30, 2020, at four hospitals in Montréal, Quebec, Canada, were included. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, migration status, region of birth, self-identified ethnicity [White, Black, Asian, Latino, Middle East/North African], intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality were collected. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for ICU admission and mortality by immigrant status, ethnicity and region of birth adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and comorbidities were estimated using Fine and Gray competing risk models. RESULTS Of 1104 patients (median [IQR] age, 63.0 [51.0-76.0] years; 56% males), 57% were immigrants and 54% were White. Immigrants were slightly younger (62 vs 65 years; p = 0.050), had fewer comorbidities (1.0 vs 1.2; p < 0.001), similar crude ICU admissions rates (33.0% vs 28.2%) and lower mortality (13.3% vs 17.6%; p < 0.001) than Canadian-born. In adjusted models, Blacks (aHR 1.39, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.83) and Asians (1.64, 1.15-2.34) were at higher risk of ICU admission than Whites, but there was significant heterogeneity within ethnic groups. Asians from Eastern Asia/Pacific (2.15, 1.42-3.24) but not Southern Asia (0.97, 0.49-1.93) and Caribbean Blacks (1.39, 1.02-1.89) but not SSA Blacks (1.37, 0.86-2.18) had a higher risk of ICU admission. Blacks had a higher risk of mortality (aHR 1.56, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Data disaggregated by region of birth identified subgroups of immigrants at increased risk of COVID-19 ICU admission, providing more actionable data for health policymakers to address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Passos-Castilho
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sapha Barkati
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Me-Linh Luong
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olina Dagher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noémie Maynard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - James Kierans
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cecile Rousseau
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,SHERPA University Institute, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- SHERPA University Institute, CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Azoulay
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Greenaway
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Infectious Disease, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte St. Catherine Road, Room G-200, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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16
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Matlin SA, Smith AC, Merone J, LeVoy M, Shah J, Vanbiervliet F, Vandentorren S, Vearey J, Saso L. The Challenge of Reaching Undocumented Migrants with COVID-19 Vaccination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9973. [PMID: 36011606 PMCID: PMC9408401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Access to vaccination against a health threat such as that presented by the COVID-19 pandemic is an imperative driven, in principle, by at least three compelling factors: (1) the right to health of all people, irrespective of their status; (2) humanitarian need of undocumented migrants, as well as of others including documented migrants, refugees and displaced people who are sometimes vulnerable and living in precarious situations; and (3) the need to ensure heath security globally and nationally, which in the case of a global pandemic requires operating on the basis that, for vaccination strategies to succeed in fighting a pandemic, the highest possible levels of vaccine uptake are required. Yet some population segments have had limited access to mainstream health systems, both prior to as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with irregular resident status are among those who face extremely high barriers in accessing both preventative and curative health care. This is due to a range of factors that drive exclusion, both on the supply side (e.g., systemic and practical restrictions in service delivery) and the demand side (e.g., in uptake, including due to fears that personal data would be transmitted to immigration authorities). Moreover, undocumented people have often been at increased risk of infection due to their role as "essential workers", including those experiencing higher exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to frontline occupations while lacking protective equipment. Often, they have also been largely left out of social protection measures granted by governments to their populations during successive lockdowns. This article reviews the factors that serve as supply-side and demand-side barriers to vaccination for undocumented migrants and considers what steps need to be taken to ensure that inclusive approaches operate in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Matlin
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alyna C. Smith
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Merone
- Human Rights Center, University of Padova, Via 8 Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele LeVoy
- Rue du Congrès/Congresstraat 37-41, P.O. Box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalpa Shah
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Santé Publique France, 12 rue du Val d’Osne, CEDEX, 94415 Saint-Maurice, France
- INSERM UMR 1219-Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joanna Vearey
- African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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17
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Martínez-Donate AP, Correa-Salazar C, Bakely L, González-Fagoaga JE, Asadi-Gonzalez A, Lazo M, Parrado E, Zhang X, Rangel Gomez MG. COVID-19 testing, infection, and vaccination among deported Mexican migrants: Results from a survey on the Mexico-U.S. border. Front Public Health 2022; 10:928385. [PMID: 35968453 PMCID: PMC9372570 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.928385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migrants detained and held in immigration and other detention settings in the U.S. have faced increased risk of COVID-19 infection, but data on this population is scarce. This study sought to estimate rates of COVID-19 testing, infection, care seeking, and vaccination among Mexican migrants detained by U.S. immigration authorities and forcibly returned to Mexico. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional probability survey of Mexican migrants deported from the U.S. to three Mexican border cities: Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and Matamoros (N = 306). Deported migrants were recruited at Mexican migration facilities after being processed and cleared for departure. A two-stage sampling strategy was used. Within each city, a selection of days and shifts were selected during the operating hours of these deportation facilities. The probability of selection was proportional to the volume of migrants deported on each day of the month and during each time period. During the selected survey shifts, migrants were consecutively approached, screened for eligibility, and invited to participate in the survey. Survey measures included self-reported history of COVID-19 testing, infection, care seeking, vaccination, intentions to vaccinate, and other prevention and risk factors. Weighted data were used to estimate population-level prevalence rates. Bivariate tests and adjusted logistic regression models were estimated to identify associations between these COVID-19 outcomes and demographic, migration, and contextual factors. Results About 84.1% of migrants were tested for COVID-19, close to a third were estimated to have been infected, and, among them, 63% had sought care for COVID-19. An estimated 70.1% had been vaccinated against COVID-19 and, among those not yet vaccinated, 32.5% intended to get vaccinated. Close to half (44.3%) of respondents had experienced crowdedness while in detention in the U.S. Socio-demographic (e.g. age, education, English fluency) and migration-related (e.g. type of detention facility and time in detention) variables were significantly associated with COVID-19 testing, infection, care seeking, and vaccination history. Age, English fluency, and length of detention were positively associated with testing and vaccination history, whereas detention in an immigration center and length of time living in the U.S. were negatively related to testing, infection, and vaccination history. Survey city and survey quarter also showed adjusted associations with testing, infection, and vaccination history, reflecting potential variations in access to services across geographic regions and over time as the pandemic unfolded. Conclusion These findings are evidence of increased risk of COVID-19 infection, insufficient access to testing and treatment, and missed opportunities for vaccination among Mexican migrants detained in and deported from the U.S. Deportee receiving stations can be leveraged to reduce disparities in testing and vaccination for deported migrants. In addition, decarceration of migrants and other measures informed by public health principles must be implemented to reduce COVID-19 risk and increase access to prevention, diagnostic, and treatment services among this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Martínez-Donate
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana P. Martínez-Donate
| | - Catalina Correa-Salazar
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leah Bakely
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Ahmed Asadi-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emilio Parrado
- Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maria Gudelia Rangel Gomez
- Mexico Section of the U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, Tijuana, Mexico
- El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, Mexico
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18
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van Apeldoorn JA, Agyemang C, Moll van Charante EP. Use of ethnic identifiers to narrow health inequality gaps. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 18:100411. [PMID: 35651956 PMCID: PMC9148536 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A.N. van Apeldoorn
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author at: Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P. Moll van Charante
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Shomron B. The "Ambassadorial" Journalist: Twitter as a Performative Platform for Ultra-Orthodox Journalists during the COVID-19 Pandemic. CONTEMPORARY JEWRY 2022; 42:263-291. [PMID: 35669498 PMCID: PMC9148552 DOI: 10.1007/s12397-022-09436-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Journalists can play a pivotal role in promoting a population's security amid a health crisis such as a global pandemic. This role becomes of enhanced importance for marginalized populations as they face a compounded threat due to preexisting social inequalities and exclusion. This study focuses on the utilization of Twitter by ultra-Orthodox journalists during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel. The study applies a thematic analysis of 23,110 tweets from the 20 most popular ultra-Orthodox journalists on Twitter. Findings reveal that ultra-Orthodox journalists utilized Twitter in an "ambassadorial" role to advocate their community's security through six strategies: (1) explaining the challenges endangering ultra-Orthodox Jews during COVID-19, (2) dispelling COVID-19 accusations directed against ultra-Orthodox Jews, (3) encouraging social distancing and health guidelines, (4) highlighting the social contributions of ultra-Orthodox Jews to the general public during the pandemic, (5) criticizing wrongdoers who violated the health guidelines, and (6) calling out acts of hatred and bigotry that have been directed toward ultra-Orthodox Jews. These findings reveal the professional ethos of ultra-Orthodox journalists and their aspiration to protect their community. Furthermore, these findings shed light on the vital role Twitter can play in journalistic work through inter-social interactivity and the enablement of capabilities, particularly the capability "to be secure." Lastly, this study expands the understanding of the social media resource contributing to policymakers tasked with formulating its fair distribution in society in accordance with the capabilities approach and its objective of promoting well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Shomron
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 12, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Valeriani G, Sarajlic Vukovic I, Bersani FS, Sadeghzadeh Diman A, Ghorbani A, Mollica R. Tackling Ethnic Health Disparities Through Community Health Worker Programs: A Scoping Review on Their Utilization During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:517-526. [PMID: 35417223 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has magnified existing health inequities linked to social determinants of health, with racial and ethnic minorities being disproportionately affected by the pandemic. A proposed strategy to address these inequities is based on the implementation of community health worker (CHW) programs able to bridge the gaps between marginalized communities and the formal health care systems. A scoping review was conducted through searching 4 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria focused on studies defining any kind of adopted CHW intervention to address inequities related to racial/ethnic groups during the COVID-19 crisis, published from December 31, 2019, to October 31, 2021. Narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarize the findings. In total, 23 studies met the inclusion out of the 107 search results. Data converged on the relevant potential of CHWs on engaging with community leaders, addressing social determinants of health, and issues related to structural racism, promoting culturally tailored health information, and encouraging institutions to policy change in favor of people left behind. Although vulnerability of racial and ethnic minorities was already present before the COVID-19 outbreak, the pandemic has represented a wakeup call to address it more efficiently. In recent years, CHWs have increasingly been acknowledged as valuable members of the health care workforce. As health disparities may increase after our multicultural societies begin to recover from COVID-19, CHWs may play a crucial role in addressing system-level changes to have broad and lasting effects on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Sarajlic Vukovic
- Department for Affective Disorders, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Richard Mollica
- Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Ioffe Y, Abubakar I, Issa R, Spiegel P, Kumar BN. Meeting the health challenges of displaced populations from Ukraine. Lancet 2022; 399:1206-1208. [PMID: 35286844 PMCID: PMC8916778 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Ioffe
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rita Issa
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Spiegel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Özlü-Erkilic Z, Kothgassner OD, Wenzel T, Goreis A, Chen A, Ceri V, Fakhr Mousawi A, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Does the Progression of the COVID-19 Pandemic Have an Influence on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Young People? A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12795. [PMID: 34886520 PMCID: PMC8657101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to have impaired the mental health and well-being of young people. This study, for the first time, explores these aspects in young people with and without a migratory background during the extended course of the pandemic and restrictive measures, comparing two countries with a high COVID-19 prevalence: Austria and Turkey. METHODS The authors used the "Psychological General Well-being" index as part of an anonymous online survey with 3665 participants (ages 15-25), recruited from both countries during the first and the second waves of the pandemic, collecting data on individual experiences and problems encountered during the pandemic. RESULTS Mental health (b = 0.06, p < 0.023) and general psychological well-being worsened with the progression of the pandemic. Participants with financial problems had the most severe negative effect on mental health (b = 0.12, p < 0.001). Furthermore, females living in Turkey, both natives (b = -0.21, p < 0.001) and migrants (b = 0.25, p < 0.001), reported a more deteriorated mental health status over time. CONCLUSIONS The extended pandemic duration and resultant "lockdown" restrictions have negatively affected the mental health of young people to varying degrees, depending on country of residence and migration background. A strong "recovery plan" that considers group-specific needs and vulnerabilities is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oswald D. Kothgassner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Scientific Section on Psychological Aspects of Torture and Persecution, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 1226 Thônex, Switzerland;
| | - Andreas Goreis
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
- Outpatient Unit for Research, Teaching and Practice, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anthony Chen
- Scientific Section on Psychological Aspects of Torture and Persecution, World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 1226 Thônex, Switzerland;
| | - Veysi Ceri
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Merkez Kampüsü, Batman 72060, Turkey;
| | - Aylin Fakhr Mousawi
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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