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Lo OYH, Wong YM, Kwok NT, Ma PS, Chien CW. Relationship Between Change in Participation and Later Mental Health Problems in Children. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:577-588. [PMID: 38164901 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231216663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in everyday activities is beneficial for mental health. However, little is known about the extent to which changes in children's participation are associated with later mental health. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between changes in the frequency and involvement in home, school, and community activities and subsequent mental health problems in children. Methodology: We recruited 242 school-aged children. Their parents completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth twice, and after 2 years, they completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS After controlling for demographic factors, hierarchical regression analysis revealed that reductions in children's involvement in home and community activities were significantly associated with elevated levels of externalizing and internalizing problems. Furthermore, an increase in children's involvement in school activities showed significant relationships with better mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION These findings inform participation-based interventions for occupational therapists aimed at mitigating children's future mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Ying Heidi Lo
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yi Man Wong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nga Ting Kwok
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pui-Sze Ma
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi-Wen Chien
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Russell LT, Su-Russell C. Family functioning, contributions to college expenses, access to mentors, and college student's health and flourishing: Examining moderation by family structure. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:2269-2277. [PMID: 35944131 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate how family functioning, family contributions to college expenses, and access to mentors are associated with college student's self-reported health and flourishing, and to test for moderation by family structure. Participants: Undergraduate college students (N = 238) recruited through an email list-serve at a large midwestern state university. Methods: Participants completed an online survey (distributed through Qualtrics) in February 2020. Data were analyzed using linear regression (in SPSS 28) and simple slope analyses. Results: College students' access to mentors is associated with their self-reported health, and family structure moderates the association between family strengths and self-reported health. Family functioning and access to mentors are both associated with college students' flourishing. Conclusions: College students' health and flourishing may benefit from access to mentors and functional family dynamics. Though students from post-divorce families see fewer benefits from family strengths compared to peers in nuclear biological families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke T Russell
- Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Chang Su-Russell
- Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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Rattay P, Öztürk Y, Geene R, Blume M, Allen J, Poethko-Müller C, Mauz E, Manz K, Wieland C, Hövener C. [Social situation, health, and health behavior of children and adolescents in one-parent households at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of the KIDA study 2022-2023]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:983-997. [PMID: 38995360 PMCID: PMC11349779 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, single parents and their children were particularly exposed to stress due to the containment measures and to limited resources. We analyzed differences in the social and health situation of children and adolescents in one-parent households and two-parent households at the end of the pandemic. METHODS The analysis is based on data from the KIDA study, in which parents of 3‑ to 15-year-old children as well as 16- to 17-year-old adolescents were surveyed in 2022/2023 (telephone: n = 6992; online: n = 2896). Prevalences stratified by family type were calculated for the indicators psychosocial stress, social support, health, and health behavior. Poisson regressions were adjusted for gender, age, level of education, and household income. RESULTS Children and adolescents from one-parent households are more likely to be burdened by financial restrictions, family conflicts, and poor living conditions and receive less school support than peers from two-parent households. They are more likely to have impairments in health as well as increased healthcare needs, and they use psychosocial services more frequently. Furthermore, they are less likely to be active in sports clubs, but they take part in sporting activities at schools as often as minors from two-parent households. The differences are also evident when controlling for income and education. DISCUSSION Children and adolescents from one-parent households can be reached well through exercise programs in a school setting. Low-threshold offers in daycare centers, schools, and the community should therefore be further expanded. Furthermore, interventions are needed to improve the socioeconomic situation of single parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rattay
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Yasmin Öztürk
- Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, Deutsches Jugendinstitut, München, Deutschland
| | - Raimund Geene
- Berlin School of Public Health, Alice Salomon Hochschule, Berlin, Deutschland
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften, Europa-Institut für Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin School of Public Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Blume
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Poethko-Müller
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Elvira Mauz
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Kristin Manz
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Catherine Wieland
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheits- und Sozialwissenschaften, Europa-Institut für Sozial- und Gesundheitsforschung, Berlin School of Public Health, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Abteilung Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Str. 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland
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Hmayed S, Thyen U. [The Relationship between Social and Family Structures and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Children]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2024; 86:420-429. [PMID: 38113899 PMCID: PMC11248417 DOI: 10.1055/a-2183-6934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral problems in children are indicators of compromised mental health. Their development is influenced by family and social factors, with limited understanding of interactions among family structure, educational status, migration background, and parental employment concerning behavioral problems. These associations were investigated in children between 5-6 years of age. METHODS Data (n=15,271) were collected between 09/2018 and 08/2019 in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein as part of school entry examinations. Children's behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Statistical analyses included descriptive assessments and the calculation of a bivariate logistic regression model, with SDQ's outcomes "problematic" and "non-problematic" as dependent variables, and social and family factors as independent variables (gender, family structure, number of siblings, language proficiency, migration background, parental education level, parental employment, and sports participation in a sports club). RESULTS Logistic regression analyses revealed that children living with single parents had a 2.1-fold (odds ratio; OR) higher likelihood [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-2.6] of displaying behavioral problems compared to children living with both biological parents. Only children had a 1.4-fold higher likelihood [95% CI: 1.2-1.8] compared to children with one or two siblings. Children with a unilateral migration background exhibited a lower likelihood of behavioral problems [OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.38-0.87] than children without a migration background. Children from families with low educational attainment had a 3-fold higher likelihood of behavioral problems [95% CI: 2.3-3.8] compared to those from high educational attainment families. When both parents (or the single parent) were employed at least part-time, there was a lower likelihood of behavioral problems [OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.47-0.71] in the child compared to situations where at least one parent was unemployed. CONCLUSIONS This study identified sociodemographic factors associated with manifestation of behavioral problems. Particularly, single parents, families with lower educational levels and families with at least one unemployed parent should be targeted for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Hmayed
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Campus Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ute Thyen
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Campus Lübeck, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Drysdale RE, Tadesse AW, Worku A, Berhane HY, Shinde S, Madzorera I, Sharma D, Fawzi WW. Burden and contributing factors to overweight and obesity in young adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2023:e13479. [PMID: 37014175 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents has increased globally, including in low- and middle-income countries. Early adolescence provides an opportunity to develop and encourage positive health and behavioural practices, yet it is an understudied age group with limited information to guide and inform appropriate interventions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in young adolescents, aged between 10 and 14 years attending public schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and to explore the contributing factors. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted. Adolescents completed individual questionnaires. Weight (kg) and height (m) measurements were converted to BMI-for-age and gender z-scores. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 8% among adolescents aged 10-14 years and it was significantly higher in females (13%) than males (2%). The diet quality for the majority of the adolescents was inadequate, putting them at risk for poor health outcomes. The contributors to overweight/obesity were different between males and females. Age and no access to a flush toilet were negatively associated with overweight/obesity in males and access to a computer, laptop or tablet was positively associated. In females, menarche was positively associated with overweight/obesity. Living with only their mother or another female adult and an increase in physical activity were negatively associated with overweight/obesity. There is a need to improve the diet quality of young adolescents in Ethiopia and understand the reasons why females are less physically active to limit the risk of poor diet-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin E Drysdale
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amare W Tadesse
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Y Berhane
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Inquiry into Mental Health, Pune, India
| | - Isabel Madzorera
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Lim J, Miller BD, Wood BL. An application of the Biobehavioral Family Model: Examining the impact of maternal depression on child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1610-1628. [PMID: 35075639 PMCID: PMC10078754 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child asthma disparities are prevalent in socio-economically stressed single-parent families. Stress impacts childhood asthma mediated by immune and autonomic pathways, but specific family stress pathways are not well established. This study tests the hypothesis, derived from a version of the Biobehavioral Family Model, that single parent maternal depression impacts child asthma mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, children with asthma (age 7-17 years old) from a socio-economically disadvantaged population and their single parent mothers (N = 202) were assessed for depression and attachment security. Child asthma disease activity was assessed by symptom report and lung function tests. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a model in which caregiver depression impacts child asthma disease activity mediated by insecure attachment and child depression. RESULTS SEM results indicated that maternal depression statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) and insecure mother-child attachment (β = 0.17, p < 0.05). In addition, insecure attachment statistically predicted child depression (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). Child depression mediated the adverse effects of maternal depression and insecure attachment on child asthma disease activity (β = 0.43, p < 0.01). There was no direct effect of insecure attachment on child asthma. CONCLUSION In single-parent families, maternal depression may impact child asthma disease activity, mediated serially by insecure attachment and child depression. Longitudinal and/or intervention studies are needed to establish a causal effect. These findings suggest that caregiver depression and parent-child relationships may be important targets for family intervention. These interventions may help improve child asthma outcomes and reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHa Lim
- Department of Home Economics EducationKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Bruce D. Miller
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew YorkUSA
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Buitrago Ramírez F, Ciurana Misol R, Fernández Alonso MDC, Tizón JL. [Prevention of mental health disorders in primary care: Children of single-parent families. Pregnancy in adolescence]. Aten Primaria 2022; 54 Suppl 1:102445. [PMID: 36435588 PMCID: PMC9705223 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Buitrago Ramírez
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Universitario La Paz, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Badajoz, España.
| | | | | | - Jorge L Tizón
- Psiquiatría y Neurología, Psicología y Psicoanálisis, Institut Universitaria de Salut Mental, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, España
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Individual and Combined Effects of Paternal Deprivation and Developmental Exposure to Firemaster 550 on Socio-Emotional Behavior in Prairie Voles. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050268. [PMID: 35622681 PMCID: PMC9147230 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is rapidly rising, suggesting a confluence of environmental factors that are likely contributing, including developmental exposure to environmental contaminants. Unfortunately, chemical exposures and social stressors frequently occur simultaneously in many communities, yet very few studies have sought to establish the combined effects on neurodevelopment or behavior. Social deficits are common to many NDDs, and we and others have shown that exposure to the chemical flame retardant mixture, Firemaster 550 (FM 550), or paternal deprivation impairs social behavior and neural function. Here, we used a spontaneously prosocial animal model, the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), to explore the effects of perinatal chemical (FM 550) exposure alone or in combination with an early life stressor (paternal absence) on prosocial behavior. Dams were exposed to vehicle (sesame oil) or 1000 µg FM 550 orally via food treats from conception through weaning and the paternal absence groups were generated by removing the sires the day after birth. Adult offspring of both sexes were then subjected to open-field, sociability, and a partner preference test. Paternal deprivation (PD)-related effects included increased anxiety, decreased sociability, and impaired pair-bonding in both sexes. FM 550 effects include heightened anxiety and partner preference in females but reduced partner preference in males. The combination of FM 550 exposure and PD did not exacerbate any behaviors in either sex except for distance traveled by females in the partner preference test and, to a lesser extent, time spent with, and the number of visits to the non-social stimulus by males in the sociability test. FM 550 ameliorated the impacts of parental deprivation on partner preference behaviors in both sexes. This study is significant because it provides evidence that chemical and social stressors can have unique behavioral effects that differ by sex but may not produce worse outcomes in combination.
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Rattay P, Blume M, Wachtler B, Wollgast L, Spallek J, Hoffmann S, Sander L, Herr R, Herke M, Reuter M, Novelli A, Hövener C. Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266463. [PMID: 35390046 PMCID: PMC8989218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining the association between the family's socioeconomic position and adolescents' self-rated health. The current study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health was mediated by familial determinants. METHODS Using data from wave 2 of the"German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of income, education, occupational status, socioeconomic position index and adolescents' subjective social status on self-rated health into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parental well-being, parental stress, parenting styles, parental obesity, smoking and sporting activity). RESULTS A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on self-rated health was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations between income, parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking, obesity and living in a single-mother family). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained. CONCLUSION The analysis revealed how a family's position of socioeconomic disadvantage can lead to poorer health in adolescents through different family practices. The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions (macro-level), community-based strategies (meso-level) and programs to improve parenting and family functioning (micro-level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rattay
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wachtler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Wollgast
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Sander
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Raphael Herr
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max Herke
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marvin Reuter
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Impact of neighborhood characteristics on textbook outcome following major surgery. Am J Surg 2022; 224:959-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen and antibody, herpes simplex virus-2 IgM and tumor necrosis factor alpha plasma levels in adult female children living in single-parent households: a case-control observational study. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Family Socioecological Correlates of Lifestyle Patterns in Early Childhood: A Cross-Sectional Study from the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113803. [PMID: 34836060 PMCID: PMC8623755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), i.e., diet, sedentary behavior, physical activity, and sleep, combine into lifestyle patterns, which we aim to identify in French preschoolers and analyze their family correlates within the framework of a comprehensive socioecological model. Parental questionnaires provided information about family characteristics and children’s EBRBs for 978 5-year-olds of the EDEN cohort. We used principal component analysis to derive lifestyle patterns from EBRBs and hierarchical multivariable linear regressions to assess their associations with family socio-demographics, parent health/behaviors, and parent-child interactions. Analyses were stratified by sex. Of the three lifestyle patterns identified (unhealthy, healthy, and mixed), the mixed pattern differed the most between sexes. Lower parental education, suboptimal maternal diet, TV during meals, and later bedtime were associated with higher adherence to unhealthy patterns. Children cognitively stimulated at home and boys of mothers not employed adhered more to the healthy pattern. Older siblings (for girls) and higher engagement of parents in leisure-time physical activity (for boys) were related to greater adherence to mixed patterns. The identification of various correlates from multiple socioecological levels suggests that tackling the potentially synergistic effect of lifestyle patterns on health requires addressing processes relevant to the parent-child dimension and structural barriers parents may encounter.
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Sung B. A spatial analysis of the association between social vulnerability and the cumulative number of confirmed deaths from COVID-19 in United States counties through November 14, 2020. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:149-157. [PMID: 34102048 PMCID: PMC8256299 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is classified as a natural hazard, and social vulnerability describes the susceptibility of social groups to potential damages from natural hazards. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the association between social vulnerability and the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 deaths (per 100,000) in 3,141 United States counties. Methods The cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths was obtained from USA Facts. Variables related to social vulnerability were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index and the 2018 5-Year American Community Survey. Data were analyzed using spatial autoregression models. Results Lowest income and educational level, as well as high proportions of single parent households, mobile home residents, and people without health insurance were positively associated with a high cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths. Conclusion In conclusion, there are regional differences in the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths in United States counties, which are affected by various social vulnerabilities. Hence, these findings underscore the need to take social vulnerability into account when planning interventions to reduce COVID-19 deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baksun Sung
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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14
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Varis H, Hagnäs M, Mikkola I, Nordström T, Puukka K, Taanila A, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S. Parental separation and offspring morbidity in adulthood: a descriptive study of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:601-612. [PMID: 34030537 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211014296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Rates of parental separation have increased dramatically in recent decades. We evaluated the association of individuals' childhood family structure with their somatic health over 46 years of follow-up. Methods: Data were drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort, an ongoing project in which 12,058 participants born in 1966 have been followed from their 24th gestational week. Based on information supplied at age 14 years, family structure was categorised as 'single-parent family' and 'two-parent family'. The anthropometric information, data from blood samples and medical history were collected from postal questionnaires and clinical examinations routinely performed at the ages of 31 and 46 years. Results: The study population comprised a total of 10,895 individuals; 85% (n=9253) were offspring of two-parent families and 15% (n=1642) of single-parent families. Type 2 diabetes (P=0.032) or prediabetes (P=0.007), psychoactive drug problems (P<0.001) and sexually transmitted diseases (P<0.001) were more common in the single-parent family group than in the participants from two-parent families. In addition, among men back diseases (P=0.002), and among women hypertension (P=0.003) and ovary infection (P=0.024) were more frequent in individuals affected by parental death than in those from two-parent families. Conclusions: Our results indicate the association of childhood family structure with offspring morbidity during 46 years' follow-up. The lifetime morbidity was observed to be higher among offspring from a single-parent family compared to two-parent family offspring. Public and scientific concern about the consequences of parental separation on the offspring' health exist, therefore support from healthcare professionals and society is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Varis
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Rovaniemi Health Centre, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Maria Hagnäs
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Rovaniemi Health Centre, Rovaniemi, Finland.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Tanja Nordström
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Infrastructure for Population Studies, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Anja Taanila
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
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15
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Burkill S, Waterhouse P, Pazzagli L. The association between family structure and children's BMI over time-the mediating role of income. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 55:83-90.e1. [PMID: 33433327 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although both family structure and income have previously been indicated as being associated with body mass index (BMI), the extent to which the effect of family structure on BMI is mediated through income is incompletely understood. Taking the case of the United Kingdom, this study aims to investigate the association between family structure, defined in this study as whether children live in a one- or two-adult household, and childhood BMI, and whether this varies by child sex and with increased age. Second, the study aims to examine whether family equivalised income, as a proxy for socioeconomic status, mediates the association between family structure and childhood BMI. METHODS This study uses data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Data from 7478 children born between 2000 and 2001 in the UK at the ages of 3, 5, 7, 11, and 14 were used. Mediation analysis was used to consider, at each age, the extent to which the association between living in a one- or two-adult household and BMI was mediated through income overall and stratified by sex. To assess the robustness of the mediation analysis estimates, we used both E-values and multiple confounder adjustment. RESULTS At ages 3 and 5, there was no direct or indirect effect of family structure mediated by income on BMI. Between the ages of 7 and 11, the overall proportion of the association mediated vastly increased, from 19.70% at age 7 up to 42.70% at the age of 11. The E-values show that substantial unmeasured confounder associations would be needed to fully explain away the conclusions from the mediation analysis. Results remained significant when models were additionally adjusted for geographic region, the main respondent's (usually the mother's) highest educational attainment, and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS An increasing proportion of the association between family structure and BMI is mediated by income as children grow older. The study focuses on the mediating role of income between family structure and BMI using the available data as an empirical application of the potential impact of income as mediator in the causal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Burkill
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippa Waterhouse
- School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Laura Pazzagli
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Van Ruymbeke C, Barrense-Dias Y, Suris JC. Is vulnerability associated with substance use? A study among youth in Switzerland. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:448-451. [PMID: 33011028 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of exploration and experimentation that includes risk behaviors such as substance use. Adolescents living in a situation of vulnerability could be more prone to using substances. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between the level of vulnerability and substance use considering explanatory factors. Data were obtained from the first wave of the GenerationFRee project (http://www.generationfree.ch), a longitudinal study based on data collected yearly between 2014 and 2019 on youth aged 15-24 years in high schools and professional schools. The sample included 5179 participants. We designated four risk behaviors: current tobacco smoking, alcohol misuse, cannabis use, and other illegal drug use. We defined vulnerability based on three criteria: the relationship with parents, school performance, and the family socioeconomic status (SES). According to this definition, participants were divided into three groups: no vulnerability, moderate vulnerability, and high vulnerability. Each substance was compared by vulnerability level and controlled with explanatory factors such as age, gender, perceived health, emotional well-being, academic track, nationality, living with parents, residence, family structure, money earned, and perceived personal financial situation. The results show that all substances except alcohol misuse are associated with vulnerability at the bivariate level. All the explanatory factors were also significant with the exception of academic track and amount of money earned per month. In the multinomial regression, for the moderate- and high-vulnerability groups, cannabis use was the only behavior that remained significant. In conclusion, this study shows the association between level of vulnerability and substance use, especially cannabis use. The results also demonstrate the complexity around vulnerability and how the interaction with social aspects influences vulnerability. Youths presenting familial, educational, or financial problems need to be especially screened for substance use by healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van Ruymbeke
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health-Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Barrense-Dias
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health-Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-C Suris
- Research Group on Adolescent Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health-Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Heyman RE, Baucom KJW, Slep AMS, Mitnick DM, Halford WK. An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education with Low-Income, Unmarried Perinatal Couples. FAMILY RELATIONS 2020; 69:849-864. [PMID: 33542587 PMCID: PMC7853666 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine couple and parenting outcomes from an American version of Couple CARE for Parents (CCP) in low-income, unmarried couples. BACKGROUND We adapted an evidence-based, flexibly delivered program for use with low-income, unmarried couples, for whom the outcome literature is scarce. METHOD Couples (n = 443) were recruited from maternity units and began CCP. They completed measures before, during, and immediately after the intervention, and 6 months later. RESULTS Moderate psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) declined and perceived parenting efficacy increased over time; there was no change in severe psychological or physical IPV. Individuals with lower levels of relationship commitment than their partners showed improvement in relationship satisfaction, whereas those with similar or higher levels of commitment maintained their baseline levels despite being in a period of expected satisfaction decline. CONCLUSION CCP showed some signs of helping low-income couples during a stressful period and its flexible service delivery model allowed these couples to participate by reducing the impediments of transportation challenges, conflicting work schedules, and overall time poverty. IMPLICATIONS Practitioners interested in using CCP with low-income couples would likely maximize the impact by (a) focusing on pregnant, first-time parents; (b) integrating CCP within post-natal healthcare; and/or (c) assuming that a considerable minority of couples will avail themselves of only up to two sessions, and thus practitioners should front-load content, making other content optional or just-in-time. In addition, non-psychoeducational elements (e.g., gamification, easy computerized tasks to reduce angry responses, watching couple-themed movies) could enliven preventative offerings for perinatal couples.
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18
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Kelly AM, Ong JY, Witmer RA, Ophir AG. Paternal deprivation impairs social behavior putatively via epigenetic modification to lateral septum vasopressin receptor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb9116. [PMID: 32917597 PMCID: PMC7467705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well appreciated that the early-life social environment asserts subsequent long-term consequences on offspring brain and behavior, the specific mechanisms that account for this relationship remain poorly understood. Using a novel assay that forced biparental pairs or single mothers to prioritize caring for offspring or themselves, we investigated the impact of parental variation on adult expression of nonapeptide-modulated behaviors in prairie voles. We demonstrated that single mothers compensate for the lack of a co-parent. Moreover, mothers choose to invest in offspring over themselves when faced with a tradeoff, whereas fathers choose to invest in themselves. Furthermore, our study suggests a pathway whereby variation in parental behavior (specifically paternal care) may lead to alterations in DNA methylation within the vasopressin receptor 1a gene and gene expression in the lateral septum. These differences are concomitant with changes in social approach, a behavior closely associated with septal vasopressin receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Kelly
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jie Yuen Ong
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ruth A Witmer
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexander G Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, 211 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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19
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Green CD, Dvorsky MR, Langberg JM, Jones HA, Floyd AL. The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on the Efficacy of School-Based Interventions for Adolescents with ADHD. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 12:580-594. [PMID: 34093886 PMCID: PMC8174022 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant impairment in functioning. There are multiple clinic-based interventions that address these impairments (e.g., behavioral parent training). However, clinic-based interventions are often associated with barriers to care (e.g., transportation and financial resources), which can limit access based upon social determinants of health (e.g., parental income). School-based interventions have been developed to address the impairments adolescents with ADHD experience, with the goal of also improving access to care and limiting the impact social determinants of health. Despite this, to date, there has been almost no research evaluating the role of social determinants of health on the efficacy of school-based ADHD interventions. In a sample of 222 adolescents with ADHD randomly assigned to receive two different interventions, the present study evaluates the impact of income, maternal education, single-parent status, and race, on intervention efficacy. Single-parent status had the greatest impact on intervention efficacy, resulting in diminished improvements for two of the three outcomes. There was also a significant moderation effect for income, but only for parent-rated homework performance. In addition, main effects were found for single-parent status and race that represent disparities present at baseline that remained post-intervention. Overall, this study suggests that although school-based models of service delivery have the potential to significantly improve access to care, social determinants of health, and single-parent status, in particular, still need to be considered and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin D. Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA
| | - Melissa R. Dvorsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M. Langberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA
| | - Heather A. Jones
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA
| | - Alfonso L. Floyd
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 West Franklin St., P.O. Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018, USA
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20
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Abreha SK, Walelign SZ, Zereyesus YA. Associations between women's empowerment and children's health status in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235825. [PMID: 32687506 PMCID: PMC7371184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although women's empowerment has gained attention over the last two decades, our understanding of the associations between different dimensions of women's empowerment and different children's health outcomes is limited. This study aims to measure the extent of women's empowerment and to examine its associations with the children's health status in Ethiopia. Data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). The sample is restricted to a sub-sample of 10,641 women from 15 to 49 years old and their children under the age of five years. We used children's height-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores and pneumonia and anemia experience as indicators of children's health outcome. Women's empowerment is measured by five indices reflecting their participation in decision-making, attitudes towards wife-beating by husband, barriers to health care access, asset ownership, and socio-economic variables. These indicators of empowerment were constructed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model was employed to examine the relationship between women's empowerment and latent child health outcomes, after controlling for relevant covariates. Results suggests that enhancing women's empowerment in the household in terms of their socio-economic status (i.e., increasing women's access to education, information, media, and promoting saving) was associated with less likelihood of the children's being stunted or wasted (p<0.05). Higher women's empowerment in terms of household decision-making power were also associated with better children's health status measured by the children's experience of pneumonia and anemia (p<0.05). All aspects of women's empowerment are not related with children's health indicators. Women's empowerment dimensions related with child health have a varying degree of association with the different children's health indicators. Gender-specific policies focusing on increasing women's access to education, media, information, and promoting saving and their participation in the household decision making are some of the strategies for improving their children's health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon Zena Walelign
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Economics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yacob Abrehe Zereyesus
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, NY, United States of America
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21
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Pettersson ML, Nedstrand E, Bladh M, Svanberg AS, Lampic C, Sydsjö G. Mothers who have given birth at an advanced age - health status before and after childbirth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9739. [PMID: 32546715 PMCID: PMC7298035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Women postpone childbirth to an age when morbidity is higher and fertility has decreased and yet the knowledge of mothers' morbidity related to age remains scarce. Swedish national register data from the Medical Birth Register and National Patient Register was used to investigate the incidence of diseases listed in the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) in women who gave birth 2007-8. The index group consisted of women 40 years of age or older (n = 8 203) were compared to a control group of women, younger than 40 years (n = 15 569) at childbirth. The period studied was five years before childbirth to five years after. The main outcome measures were incidence of disease diagnosed in specialized hospital care. Demographical data and use of assisted reproduction (ART) were adjusted for. The results showed that older women were more likely to be single; less frequently used tobacco; were educated on a higher level; had a higher BMI and more often had used ART to become pregnant. The older women showed a higher morbidity rate. In the diagnostic groups: Neoplasms, Blood and immune system, Eye and adnexa, Ear and mastoid, Circulatory, Digestive, Skin and subcutaneous tissue, Musculoskeletal and connective tissue, and Genitourinary. The results add to the body of knowledge of a number of specific risks faced by older mothers and may be used to identify preventive actions concerning fertility and morbidity both before and after childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lindell Pettersson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Elizabeth Nedstrand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Bladh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Claudia Lampic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Kuruczova D, Klanova J, Jarkovsky J, Pikhart H, Bienertova-Vasku J. Socioeconomic characteristics, family structure and trajectories of children's psychosocial problems in a period of social transition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234074. [PMID: 32502218 PMCID: PMC7274440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood offer a unique opportunity to examine a period of changing socioeconomic structure of the country. Our aim was to analyse the association between socioeconomic status, family structure and children's psychosocial problems at the age of 7, 11, 15 and 18 years in 3,261 subjects and compare our results with findings from western settings. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and its five subscales were used to assess individual problem areas (emotional symptoms, peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems) and prosocial behaviour. Socioeconomic status was represented by maternal education and three forms of family structure were identified: nuclear family, new partner family and single parent family. The SDQ subscale score over time was modelled as a quadratic growth curve using a linear mixed-effects model. Maternal university education was associated with a faster decline in problems over time for all five SDQ subscales. Problems in children from nuclear families were found to be significantly lower than in children from single parent families for all SDQ subscales with the exception of peer problems. Compared to nuclear families, children from new partner families scored significantly higher in hyperactivity and conduct problems subscales. The nuclear family structure and higher maternal education have been identified as protective factors for children's psychosocial problems, in agreement with findings from western settings. Adopting a longitudinal perspective was shown as essential for providing a more complex view of children's psychosocial problems over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kuruczova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klanova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute for Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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23
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Sundqvist A, Heimann M, Koch FS. Relationship Between Family Technoference and Behavior Problems in Children Aged 4-5 Years. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:371-376. [PMID: 32456454 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Digital media (DM) is omnipresent in society today and impacts every aspect of our life. Previous studies have shown DM to cause problems in interpersonal relationships by creating problematic interruptions in interactions, this has been termed technoference. The current study focuses on parent's self-rated perceived technoference and the rated behavior of their 4- to 5-year-old children. Parents (N = 153) filled out an online questionnaire regarding family DM use and technoference as well as questions regarding their child's behavior. Parents rated the level of technoference caused by their own use of DM as well as the rate of technoference caused by the child's use of DM. Parents were also asked questions regarding their own possible problematic cell phone use. The findings reveal a statistically significant contribution of technoference, caused by the parents' use of DM, to the behavior repertoire of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Sundqvist
- Infant and Child Lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Heimann
- Infant and Child Lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felix-Sebastian Koch
- Infant and Child Lab, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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24
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Stahlmann K, Hebestreit A, DeHenauw S, Hunsberger M, Kaprio J, Lissner L, Molnár D, Ayala-Marín AM, Reisch LA, Russo P, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Pohlabeln H, Bogl LH. A cross-sectional study of obesogenic behaviours and family rules according to family structure in European children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:32. [PMID: 32138743 PMCID: PMC7059256 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in children growing up in non-traditional families, such as single-parent and blended families. Children from such families have a higher prevalence of obesity and poorer health outcomes, but research on the relationship with obesogenic behaviours is limited. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are associations between family structures and obesogenic behaviours and related family rules in European children and adolescents. METHODS The sample included 7664 children (mean age ± SD: 10.9 ± 2.9) from 4923 families who were participants of the multi-centre I.Family study (2013/2014) conducted in 8 European countries. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview on kinship and household. Obesogenic behaviours (screen time, sleep duration, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) and family rules (rules for computer and television, bedtime routine, availability of SSBs during meals) were determined by standardized questionnaires. Multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used to model the associations of family structure with obesogenic behaviours and family rules. Sex, age, parental education level, number of children and adults in the household and BMI z-score were covariates in the models. Two-parent biological families were set as the reference category. RESULTS Children from single-parent families were less likely to have family rules regarding screen time (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.94, p = 0.026) with higher reported hours of screen time per week (β = 2.70 h/week, 95% CI: 1.39-4.00, p < 0.001). The frequency of weekly SSB consumption differed by family structure in a sex-specific manner: girls from single-parent (β = 3.19 frequency/week, 95% CI: 0.91-5.47, p = 0.006) and boys from blended/adoptive families (β = 3.01 frequency/week, 95% CI: 0.99-5.03, p = 0.004) consumed more SSBs. Sleep duration, bedtime routines and availability of SSBs during meals did not differ between children from these family structures. Parental education did not modify any of these associations. CONCLUSIONS Parents in non-traditional family structures appear to experience more difficulties in restricting screen time and the intake of SSBs in their children than parents in traditional two-parent family structures. Our findings therefore suggest that additional support and effective strategies for parents in non-traditional families may help to reduce obesogenic behaviours in children from such family types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stahlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Monica Hunsberger
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alelí M Ayala-Marín
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hermann Pohlabeln
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Leonie H Bogl
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Vukovic A, Schroth R, Gaffar B, Al-Batayneh OB, Amalia R, Arheiam A, Obiyan M, Daryanavard H. Women's economic empowerment, participation in decision-making and exposure to violence as risk indicators for early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:54. [PMID: 32066424 PMCID: PMC7026999 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In view of the association between early childhood caries (ECC])and maternal social risk factors, this study tried to determine if there were associations between indicators of processes, outputs and outcomes of women’s empowerment, and the prevalence of ECC. Methods In this ecological study, indicators measuring the explanatory variables - economic empowerment, decision-making and violence against women - were selected from the Integrated Results and Resources Framework of the UN-Women Strategic Plan 2018–2021 and WHO database. Indicators measuring the outcome variables - the prevalence of ECC for children aged 0 to 2 years, and 3 to 5 years - were extracted from a published literature. The general linear models used to determine the association between the outcome and explanatory variables were adjusted for economic level of countries. Regression estimates (B), 95% confidence intervals and partial eta squared (η2) were calculated. Results Countries with more females living under 50% of median income had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year olds (B = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.12, 3.52). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in their own health care decisions had higher prevalence of ECC for 0 to 2-year-olds (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.67). Countries with higher percentage of women participating in decisions related to visiting family, relatives and friends had higher prevalence of ECC for 3 to 5-year-olds (B = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.03, 1.32). None of the indicators for violence against women was significantly associated with the prevalence of ECC. Conclusion Empowerment of women is a welcome social development that may have some negative impact on children’s oral health. Changes in policies and norms are needed to protect children’s oral health while empowering women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Rosa Amalia
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Cai W, Sun Y, Peng K, Kwok H, Lei L, Wu S, Lam CK, Li L, Gao Y. Physical-Activity-Related Injuries and Risk Factors among Secondary School Students in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030747. [PMID: 31991589 PMCID: PMC7036798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increase in physical activity (PA) might elevate risks for physical-activity-related injuries (PARIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for PARIs among secondary school students in Hong Kong. All eligible students from three secondary schools were invited to participate in the study from November to December 2014. Information on PARI occurrences in the past 12 months, PA participation, and sociodemographics was collected. Multivariate and hierarchical logistic regression models were performed to estimate the risk of potential factors for PARIs. In total, 1916 students in forms 1-6 (aged 14.3 ± 1.7 years) completed valid questionnaires, with an overall yearly PARI incidence rate of 32.1% (boys: 34.3%; girls: 29.3%). There were sex differences in the risk factors identified, except that family size was associated with PARIs for all participants. Longer duration and higher intensity of PA increased the risk for PARI occurrences in both sexes. In conclusion, PARIs were prevalent among secondary school students in Hong Kong, and different sexes had different PARI incidence rates and were influenced by different risk factors. There is an urgent call for effective sex-specific interventions to prevent PARIs in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Cai
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (W.C.); (L.L.)
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (C.K.L.)
| | - Ke Peng
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia;
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Heather Kwok
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (C.K.L.)
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China; (W.C.); (L.L.)
| | - Shing Wu
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (C.K.L.)
| | - Chi Kei Lam
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (C.K.L.)
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China;
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (H.K.); (S.W.); (C.K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-34-113-082
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State-of-the-Science Review of Non-Chemical Stressors Found in a Child's Social Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224417. [PMID: 31718056 PMCID: PMC6888402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Children are exposed to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their built, natural, and social environments. Research is needed to advance our scientific understanding of non-chemical stressors, evaluate how they alter the biological response to a chemical stressor, and determine how they impact children’s health and well-being. To do this, we conducted a state-of-the-science review of non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment. Methods: Studies eligible for inclusion in this review were identified through a search of the peer-reviewed literature using PubMed and PsycINFO. Combinations of words associated with non-chemical stressors and children were used to form search strings. Filters were used to limit the search to studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000–2016 and written in English. Publications found using the search strings and filters went through two rounds of screening. Results: A total of 146 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these studies, 245 non-chemical stressors were evaluated. The non-chemical stressors were then organized into 13 general topic areas: acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, economic, education, family dynamics, food, greenspace, neighborhood, social, stress, urbanicity, violence, and other. Additional information on health outcomes, studies evaluating both chemical and non-chemical stressors, and animal studies are provided. This review provides evidence that non-chemical stressors found in a child’s social environment do influence their health and well-being in both beneficial (e.g., salutatory effects of greenspace and social support) and adverse (e.g., poor relationships between health and selected non-chemical stressors such as economics, educational attainment, exposure to violence, stress) ways. Conclusions: This literature review identified a paucity of studies addressing the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors and children’s health and well-being. This literature review was further complicated by inconsistencies in terminology, methodologies, and the value of non-chemical stressor research in different scientific disciplines. Despite these limitations, this review showed the importance of considering non-chemical stressors from a child’s social environment when addressing children’s environmental health considerations.
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Fairburn J, Schüle SA, Dreger S, Karla Hilz L, Bolte G. Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173127. [PMID: 31466272 PMCID: PMC6747075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a long-standing and significant public health issue. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the peer-reviewed evidence on social inequalities and ambient air pollution in the World Health Organization European Region. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed in the review. In total 31 articles were included in the review. There is good evidence from ecological studies that higher deprivation indices and low economic position are usually linked with higher levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (e.g., NO2, and NOx). There is also evidence that ethnic minorities experience a mixed exposure in comparison to the majority population being sometimes higher and sometimes lower depending on the ethnic minority under consideration. The studies using data at the individual level in this review are mainly focused on pregnant women or new mothers, in these studies deprivation and ethnicity are more likely to be linked to higher exposures of poor air quality. Therefore, there is evidence in this review that the burden of higher pollutants falls disproportionally on different social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fairburn
- Staffordshire Business School, Staffordshire University, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - Steffen Andreas Schüle
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dreger
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Lisa Karla Hilz
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Tang D, Cai W, Yang W, Gao Y, Li L. Gender-Specific Risk Factors of Physical Activity-Related Injuries among Middle School Students in Southern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132359. [PMID: 31277298 PMCID: PMC6650942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the potential risk factors of physical activity-related injuries (PARI) among middle-school students of different genders. Selected by the random cluster sampling method, students aged from 12 to 16 years old in grades 7-8 from six middle schools in Shantou, southern China, were recruited for this investigation in November 2017. Information about socio-demographics, physical activity (PA) exposure time, individual exercise behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and PARI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors of PARI. A total of 1270 students completed valid questionnaires, with an overall injury incidence of 33.6% (boys: 42.0%; girls: 25.0%), an injury risk of 0.68 injuries/student/year, and an injury rate of 1.43 injuries per 1000 PA exposure hours. For boys, living in a school dormitory, participating in sports teams, exercising on a wet floor, rebellious behavior, and having longer PA exposure time were the risk factors of PARI. For girls, those who were sports team members, whose parents were divorced or separated, and those with longer PA exposure time were more vulnerable to suffer from PARI. In conclusion, PARI was a health problem among middle school students in southern China. Boys and girls differed in PARI occurrence and were affected by different risk factors, which provides a basis for targeted gender-specific intervention programs to reduce the occurrence of PARI among middle-school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Tang
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weicong Cai
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wenda Yang
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Hsu YC, Chen CT, Yang HJ, Chou P. Family structure, birth order, and aggressive behaviors among school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:661-670. [PMID: 30535676 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the associations between family structure, birth order, and aggressive behaviors among school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study. Data were retrieved from medical records at a psychiatry center in northern Taiwan. School-aged boys with ADHD who first visited the outpatient department at the psychiatric center between 2000 and 2011 were identified. The Child Behavior Checklist was used for aggressive behavior assessment. Boys with ADHD with T scores higher than 70 on the aggressive subscale were classified as cases and others with T scores lower than 70 were classified as controls at a 1:4 ratio. After controlling for other familial, personal, and parental factors, a multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of family structure and birth order on aggressive behaviors of boys with ADHD. RESULTS 277 cases and 1108 controls were included in the final analysis. Compared with living in a traditional family with both parents, living in a non-traditional family in which one or both parents were absent increased the risk of aggressive behaviors by 1.47-fold, with the highest risk for those in single parent families. Being the firstborn increased risk by 1.45-fold and the risk was higher when the firstborn had siblings. CONCLUSIONS Living in non-traditional families in which one or both parents were absent, and being the firstborn increased risk of aggression in school-aged boys with ADHD. Identification of this high-risk population and development of adequate preventive strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Hsu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyüan, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2 Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tsai Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Tao-Yuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyüan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jan Yang
- Department of Public Health, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St., Sec. 2 Beitou, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Gesundheit von Schulneulingen alleinerziehender Eltern. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-019-0712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guo Y, Rousseau J, Hsu AS, Kehoe P, Daviss M, Flores S, Renno P, Saunders K, Phillips S, Evangelista LS. Emotional and Behavioral Health Needs in Elementary School Students in an Underserved Hispanic Community. J Sch Nurs 2019; 35:128-136. [PMID: 28893118 PMCID: PMC10191225 DOI: 10.1177/1059840517726857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of mental health problems in adolescents have been well documented; less is known about elementary school children in disadvantaged communities. We examined emotional and behavioral health needs in 202 third and fourth graders enrolled in a charter school in a largely Hispanic community. The child-reported Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-25 and Teacher's Report Form were used to evaluate mental health needs as perceived by these children and their teachers. The prevalence of teacher-reported depression and child self-reported anxiety was 7.0% and 6.67%, respectively. Living in a single parent household was found to be a specific risk factor in that those children had higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems than children living with both parents. Evidence of higher depression and anxiety identified in this sample compared to national representative data suggests the need for development of culturally sensitive early prevention and intervention in this underserved community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Guo
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Julie Rousseau
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna S. Hsu
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla Kehoe
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Monique Daviss
- El Sol Science and Arts Academy of Santa Ana, Santa Ana, CA, USA
| | - Sara Flores
- El Sol Science and Arts Academy of Santa Ana, Santa Ana, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Renno
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Saunders
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Phillips
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Schüle SA, Nanninga S, Dreger S, Bolte G. Relations between Objective and Perceived Built Environments and the Modifying Role of Individual Socioeconomic Position. A Cross-Sectional Study on Traffic Noise and Urban Green Space in a Large German City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081562. [PMID: 30042308 PMCID: PMC6121416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Perceived annoyance due to traffic noise and lack of urban green space is mostly determined using data from self-administered questionnaires. However, there is still no clear evidence to what extent such perceived measures are related to objectively assessed environmental data and whether socioeconomic dimensions modify such relationships. In a cross-sectional study in Dortmund, Germany, georeferenced home addresses from parents with preschool aged children were used to analyse relations between exposures to objectively measured green space and traffic noise and subjective annoyance due to noise and lack of green space with the additional consideration of socioeconomic characteristics as effect modifiers. Higher perceived annoyance correlated with higher objectively measured traffic noise and lower objectively measured green, respectively. Stratified logistic regression models indicated a modifying role of socioeconomic characteristics. The strengths of associations between objectively measured environmental exposures and perceived annoyance differed by socioeconomic strata. Especially for noise, odds ratios were higher in low socioeconomic strata than in high socioeconomic strata. Therefore, using objective measures of the built environment as a proxy for individual perception should be made with caution as negative relations between objectively assessed built environments and health could be underestimated when considering individual socioeconomic position only as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Andreas Schüle
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Nanninga
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Dreger
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- University of Bremen, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Cai W, Gao Y, Yang W, Cheng F, Tang D, Li L. Physical Activity-Related Injury and Its Associated Factors among Middle School Students in Southern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061244. [PMID: 29895778 PMCID: PMC6025096 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) promotion is beneficial to gain and maintain optimal health, but might increase risks for physical activity-related injury (PARI). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and identify risk factors of PARI among Chinese middle school students. Selected via the method of cluster random sampling, students graded 7⁻8 (junior) and 10⁻11 (senior) from five middle schools (aged from 10 to 18 years old) in Shantou were invited to participate in the survey. Information on socio-demography, PA involvement, sleep duration, individual safety awareness and exercise behavior, and PARI experiences in the past 12 month was collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to estimate the risk factors of PARI. A total of 3082 participants completed the valid questionnaires, with an overall incidence rate of 25.1%. Boys, junior school students, sports team members, and those with lower safety awareness, living with single parent, and without any chronic conditions were at higher risks for PARI. Moreover, exercising on wet floor or with illness frequently would also be more likely to experience injury, especially those with at least 120 min per day. In conclusion, PARI was prevalent among middle school students in southern China. The above data provide insights that were focused and effective actions should be taken to prevent school-aged adolescents from PARI and maximize the benefits of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Cai
- Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenda Yang
- Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Fuyuan Cheng
- Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Dongchun Tang
- Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Preventive Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Rattay P, von der Lippe E, Mauz E, Richter F, Hölling H, Lange C, Lampert T. Health and health risk behaviour of adolescents-Differences according to family structure. Results of the German KiGGS cohort study. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513693 PMCID: PMC5841741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study’s aim was to investigate the association between family structure and different health-related outcomes in adolescence (self-rated health, emotional and behavioural problems, health-related quality of life, regular smoking, and heavy episodic drinking). Furthermore, we analysed the extent to which socio-economic status, family cohesion and the pre-transition health status explain family structure-related health disparities. Methods We used longitudinal data from the first two waves of the German KiGGS cohort study carried out by the Robert Koch Institute (baseline: 2003–2006, follow-up: 2009–2012). The sample comprised 4,692 respondents aged 11 to 17 years. Using data from both waves, effects of family structure on health status at follow-up were calculated applying linear and logistic regression models. Results We found that adolescents continuously living with both birth parents were in good health. Adolescents whose parents separated after the baseline survey, reported poorer health and were more likely to smoke. The transition from stepfamily to single parent family was also associated with a higher risk of regular smoking. Lower health-related quality of life as well as higher scores for emotional and behavioural problems occurred in almost all non-nuclear family structures, although not all effects were statistically significant. No significant effects of family structure on heavy episodic drinking were found. While family cohesion mediated the effects of family structure on adolescents’ health, the mediating effect of socio-economic status was small. After controlling for pre-transition health, the effects were even lower. Conclusions Because the direct effects of family structure on adolescents’ health were small and family cohesion was found to be an important mediator in the association between family structure and adolescents’ health, prevention programmes and interventions should be directed towards the parent–adolescent relationship rather than just the family structure, in order to minimize the psychosocial stress of adolescents during the period of family transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rattay
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Elena von der Lippe
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elvira Mauz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felicitas Richter
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lange
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Russell LT, Beckmeyer JJ, Su-Russell C. Family-Centered Care and Positive Developmental Outcomes for Youth With Special Health Care Needs: Variations Across Family Structures. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2018; 24:29-59. [PMID: 29318920 DOI: 10.1177/1074840717745520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on a social determinants of health framework, we evaluated associations between perceived family-centered care (FCC) and positive developmental outcomes for youth with special health care needs across six different family structures (married biological families, cohabiting biological families, married stepfamilies, cohabiting stepfamilies, divorced/separated single-mother families, and never-married single-mother families). Using data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health, we found that married biological families perceive greater FCC than do other family structures. Perceived FCC was positively associated with all three positive youth outcomes evaluated (children's health, participation in extracurricular activities, and flourishing) in married biological families, and two of the three outcomes (children's health and flourishing) in married stepfamilies and divorced/separated single-mother families. Implications for health care provision and future research with structurally diverse families are discussed.
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Pohl TT, Young LJ, Bosch OJ. Lost connections: Oxytocin and the neural, physiological, and behavioral consequences of disrupted relationships. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 136:54-63. [PMID: 29330007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In humans and rodent animal models, the brain oxytocin system is paramount for facilitating social bonds, from the formation and consequences of early-life parent-infant bonds to adult pair bond relationships. In social species, oxytocin also mediates the positive effects of healthy social bonds on the partners' well-being. However, new evidence suggests that the negative consequences of early neglect or partner loss may be mediated by disruptions in the oxytocin system as well. With a focus on oxytocin and its receptor, we review studies from humans and animal models, i.e. mainly from the biparental, socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), on the beneficial effects of positive social relationships both between offspring and parents and in adult partners. The abundance of social bonds and benevolent social relationships, in general, are associated with protective effects against psycho- and physiopathology not only in the developing infant, but also during adulthood. Furthermore, we discuss the negative effects on well-being, emotionality and behavior, when these bonds are diminished in quality or are disrupted, for example through parental neglect of the young or the loss of the partner in adulthood. Strikingly, in prairie voles, oxytocinergic signaling plays an important developmental role in the ability to form bonds later in life in the face of early-life neglect, while disruption of oxytocin signaling following partner loss results in the emergence of depressive-like behavior and physiology. This review demonstrates the translational value of animal models for investigating the oxytocinergic mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effects of developmental parental neglect and pair bond disruption, encouraging future translationally relevant studies on this topic that is so central to our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias T Pohl
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Oliver J Bosch
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Cutas D, Smajdor A. "I am Your Mother and Your Father!" In Vitro Derived Gametes and the Ethics of Solo Reproduction. HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS 2017; 25:354-369. [PMID: 26969575 PMCID: PMC5656705 DOI: 10.1007/s10728-016-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we will discuss the prospect of human reproduction achieved with gametes originating from only one person. According to statements by a minority of scientists working on the generation of gametes in vitro, it may become possible to create eggs from men's non-reproductive cells and sperm from women's. This would enable, at least in principle, the creation of an embryo from cells obtained from only one individual: 'solo reproduction'. We will consider what might motivate people to reproduce in this way, and the implications that solo reproduction might have for ethics and policy. We suggest that such an innovation is unlikely to revolutionise reproduction and parenting. Indeed, in some respects it is less revolutionary than in vitro fertilisation as a whole. Furthermore, we show that solo reproduction with in vitro created gametes is not necessarily any more ethically problematic than gamete donation-and probably less so. Where appropriate, we draw parallels with the debate surrounding reproductive cloning. We note that solo reproduction may serve to perpetuate reductive geneticised accounts of reproduction, and that this may indeed be ethically questionable. However, in this it is not unique among other technologies of assisted reproduction, many of which focus on genetic transmission. It is for this reason that a ban on solo reproduction might be inconsistent with continuing to permit other kinds of reproduction that also bear the potential to strengthen attachment to a geneticised account of reproduction. Our claim is that there are at least as good reasons to pursue research towards enabling solo reproduction, and eventually to introduce solo reproduction as an option for fertility treatment, as there are to do so for other infertility related purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cutas
- Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Smajdor
- Norwich School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Lin YC, Seo DC. Cumulative family risks across income levels predict deterioration of children's general health during childhood and adolescence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177531. [PMID: 28520758 PMCID: PMC5433733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Family is considered an important agent in the health development of children. This process is significant but quite complex because the prevalence of potential risk factors in the family can hinder children’s health. This study examined if multiple family risks might have cumulative effect on children and youth’s health across various levels of household income. The data in this study were drawn from the 2011–2012 U.S. National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 79,601). A cumulative family risk (CFR) index was developed, which included such constructs as single-parenthood, unstable employment, large family, parenting stress, poor maternal education, poor maternal general health and poor maternal mental health. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that CFR level was significantly related to children and youth’s poor health outcome (p < .001). When poverty levels were considered, however, the impact of CFRs on children and youth’s health was attenuated. The impact of CFRs was higher on children and youth from affluent families than on those from poor families. Overall there was a consistent pattern of trend in the point estimate as well as confidence limits as levels of affluence and numbers of family risk increased although some of the confidence intervals overlapped. Living in disadvantaged families might serve as a protective factor against CFRs possibly through repeated exposure to hardships and subsequent formation of resilience among some of the disadvantaged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, College of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schüle SA, Fromme H, Bolte G. Built and socioeconomic neighbourhood environments and overweight in preschool aged children. A multilevel study to disentangle individual and contextual relationships. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:328-336. [PMID: 27340813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural factors of neighbourhood environments in which children live have attracted increasing attention in epidemiological research. This study investigated whether neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP), public playground and park space, and perceived environmental exposures were independently associated with overweight in preschool aged children while simultaneously considering individual child and family factors. METHODS Body-Mass-Index (BMI) data from 3499 children (53% boys and 47% girls) from three surveys between 2004 and 2007 from 18 school enrolment zones in the city of Munich, Germany, were analysed with hierarchical logistic regression models. An index of neighbourhood SEP was calculated with principal component analysis. Individual socioeconomic data, parental BMI, birth weight, housing characteristics, and perceived annoyance due to exposures to noise, air pollution, lack of greenspace, and traffic were collected with parental questionnaires. Measures of age-specific playground space and availability of park space derived from Geographic Information System were additionally weighted with age-specific population data. RESULTS In bivariate analysis perceived annoyance due to exposures to noise or lack of greenspace, high frequency of lorries, traffic jam, living in a multiple dwelling or next to a main road, low neighbourhood SEP, and low playground space were significantly associated with overweight. However, in multivariate analysis only living in a multiple dwelling was independently associated with overweight. From the considered individual child and family factors low parental education, parental overweight or obesity, and a high birthweight showed an independent relation to overweight. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified individual child and parental factors, and living in a multiple dwelling as the strongest predictors for overweight in preschool aged children. However, perceived annoyance to built environmental exposures additionally explained overweight variance between neighbourhoods. Based on our findings interventions and policies addressing overweight prevention in young children should focus on parental behaviours and the immediate home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Andreas Schüle
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Hermann Fromme
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Egle UT, Franz M, Joraschky P, Lampe A, Seiffge-Krenke I, Cierpka M. [Health-related long-term effects of adverse childhood experiences - an update]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59:1247-54. [PMID: 27580599 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-016-2421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade strong empirical evidence from several long-term studies supports the conclusion that physical and sexual abuse as well as emotional deprivation in childhood make people significantly more vulnerable to mental and functional disorders across their lifetime. Additionally, an increased vulnerability to several somatic disorders (cardiovascular disorders, type-2-diabetes, hepatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), immunological and pain disorders, pharynx and lung cancer) was demonstrated - most of them with a reduced life expectancy. A review of the current research will be presented that outlines the underlying developmental neurobiological and psychological mechanisms mediating these long-term effects. There is now sufficient evidence about familial risk constellations that demonstrates the well-documented impact of specific prevention strategies by several model projects. Only by establishing these strategies, future enormous health-related burdens and high economic costs (unfitness to work, early retirement) can presumably be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich T Egle
- Klinik Barmelweid, Aarau, Schweiz. .,, Wiesentalstr. 48, 79111, Freiburg, Deutschland.
| | - Matthias Franz
- Klinisches Institut für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Peter Joraschky
- Klinik für Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikums Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Astrid Lampe
- Klinik für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Inge Seiffge-Krenke
- Abt. Entwicklungspsychologie, Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Manfred Cierpka
- Institut für Psychosoziale Prävention, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Mikkonen HM, Salonen MK, Häkkinen A, Olkkola M, Pesonen AK, Räikkönen K, Osmond C, Eriksson JG, Kajantie E. The lifelong socioeconomic disadvantage of single-mother background - the Helsinki Birth Cohort study 1934-1944. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:817. [PMID: 27538500 PMCID: PMC4991112 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing up with one parent is associated with economic hardship and health disadvantages, but there is limited evidence of its lifetime consequences. We examined whether being born to an unmarried mother is associated with socioeconomic position and marital history over the lifespan. METHODS We analysed data from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study including birth, child welfare clinic and school healthcare records from people born in Helsinki, Finland, between 1934 and 1944. Using a unique personal identification number, we linked these data to information on adult socioeconomic position from census data at 5-year intervals between 1970 and 2000, obtained from Statistics Finland. RESULTS Compared to children of married mothers, children of unmarried mothers were more likely to have lower educational attainment and occupational status (odds ratio for basic vs. tertiary education 3.40; 95 % confidence interval 2.17 to 5.20; for lowest vs. highest occupational category 2.75; 1.92 to 3.95). They were also less likely to reach the highest income third in adulthood and more likely to stay unmarried themselves. The associations were also present when adjusted for childhood socioeconomic position. CONCLUSION Being born to an unmarried mother, in a society where marriage is the norm, is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage throughout life, over and above the disadvantage associated with childhood family occupational status. This disadvantage may in part mediate the association between low childhood socioeconomic position and health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maiju Mikkonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna K Salonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Häkkinen
- Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Olkkola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Zach A, Meyer N, Hendrowarsito L, Kolb S, Bolte G, Nennstiel-Ratzel U, Stilianakis NI, Herr C. Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental health status among preschool children—Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:458-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schüle SA, von Kries R, Fromme H, Bolte G. Neighbourhood socioeconomic context, individual socioeconomic position, and overweight in young children: a multilevel study in a large German city. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:25. [PMID: 27195126 PMCID: PMC4859982 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The context of the close neighbourhood environment in which children live has gained increasing attention in epidemiological research. This study aimed to investigate if contextual neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) was independently associated with overweight in young children aged 5-7 years while simultaneously considering a wide range of individual socioeconomic determinants and known risk factors for overweight. METHODS Objectively measured body mass index (BMI) data from 3499 children (53 % boys and 47 % girls) from three surveys between 2004 and 2007 clustered in 18 school enrolment zones in the city of Munich, Germany, were analysed with hierarchical logistic regression models. An index of neighbourhood SEP was calculated with principal component analysis using aggregated data. Individual socioeconomic data, maternal BMI, and birth weight were collected with parental questionnaires. We analysed how much of the between neighbourhood variance of overweight was attributable to individual factors and how much was explained by neighbourhood SEP. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight, including obesity, was 14.1 %. In the final adjusted model low neighbourhood SEP was independently associated with overweight (odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-2.00) compared to high neighbourhood SEP. On the individual level low parental education (OR = 1.99, 95 % CI = 1.49-2.65) or middle parental education (OR = 1.50, 95 % CI = 1.16-1.95) compared to high parental education and nationality of the child other than German (OR = 1.53, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.99) compared to German nationality were independently associated with overweight. CONCLUSIONS Whereas individual determinants were the main drivers in explaining between neighbourhood variance, neighbourhood SEP additionally explained differences in overweight between neighbourhoods. Thus, considering neighbourhood context in intervention planning could result in more effective strategies compared to measures only focusing on individual determinants of overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Andreas Schüle
- />Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- />Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Fromme
- />Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- />Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Russell LT, Coleman M, Ganong LH, Gayer D. Divorce and Childhood Chronic Illness: A Grounded Theory of Trust, Gender, and Third-Party Care Providers. JOURNAL OF FAMILY NURSING 2016; 22:252-278. [PMID: 27021310 DOI: 10.1177/1074840716639909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Divorced parents face distinct challenges in providing care for chronically ill children. Children's residence in two households necessitates the development of family-specific strategies to ensure coparents' supervision of regimen adherence and the management of children's health care. Utilizing a risk and resilience perspective, a grounded theory study was conducted with 14 divorced parents of children with chronic illnesses. The importance of trust, gender, and relationships with third-party care providers emerged as key themes related to the development of effective coparenting relationships for maintaining children's health. Divorced parents were best able to support the management of their children's chronic conditions when care providers operated as neutral third parties and intermediaries. Collaborative family care may require health care practitioners to avoid being drawn into contentious inter-parental conflicts.
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Dreger S, Meyer N, Fromme H, Bolte G. Environmental noise and incident mental health problems: A prospective cohort study among school children in Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:49-54. [PMID: 26433757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental noise is considered a threat to public health as 20% of the EU population is exposed to health influencing noise levels. An association of noise and mental health problems in children has been suggested by some studies, but results are not consistent and there are no longitudinal studies of this association. Our aim was to investigate the influence of different environmental noise sources at children's homes on incident mental health problems in school-aged children. METHOD A cohort study of children from first (t0) to fourth grade (t1) of primary school was conducted. Different environmental noise sources (day/night separately) at children's home were assessed via parental annoyance reports. Increased noise exposure between t0 and t1 was the exposure variable. Incident mental health problems were assessed with the parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). RRs and 95% CIs were analysed to investigate the association between different noise sources and incident mental health problems. RESULTS The study population consisted of 583 boys and 602 girls. The most common increase in noise exposure between t0 and t1 was road traffic noise day (26.38%). After adjusting for covariates exposure to road traffic night was significantly associated with the total difficulties score (RR=2.06; 95% CI=1.25-3.40), emotional symptoms (RR=1.69, 95% CI=1.04-2.72), and conduct problems (RR=1.57, 95% CI=1.04-2.38). Noise by neighbours during the day was associated with conduct problems (RR=1.62, 95% CI=1.11-2.40) and hyperactivity (RR=1.69, 95% CI=1.08-2.65). Aircraft noise day and construction work day were not associated with any of the SDQ categories at a significant level. CONCLUSION Environmental noise is an important public health problem. This is the first study to investigate the association of a broad range of noise sources and incident mental health problems in children in a cohort study. Our results suggest that exposure to noise at children's home is associated with mental health problems such as emotional symptoms, conduct problems and hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dreger
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Germany.
| | - Nicole Meyer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Fromme
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Germany; Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Munich, Germany
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Bettge S, Oberwöhrmann S, Brockstedt M, Bührer C. Birth weight and special educational needs: results of a population-based study in Berlin. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 111:337-44. [PMID: 24875458 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are at higher risk for developmental problems. The aim of this study is to quantify the relation between birth weight and special educational needs. METHODS We analyzed data from the pre-school examinations of 134 313 children in Berlin aged 5 to 6 who were examined between 2007 and 2011. RESULTS Special educational needs were diagnosed in 8058 children (6.0%), 4943 (61%) of whom had weighed 3000 g or more at birth. The percentage of children with special educational needs rose steadily with decreasing birth weight (2250-2499 g, 9.2%; 1250-1499 g, 21.1%; less than 750 g, 35.6%). Logistic regression analysis yielded odds ratios and 99% confidence intervals for special educational needs that ranged from 1.32 [1.17-1.47] for birth weight 2750-2999 g to 12.83 [7.48-22.03] for birth weight less than 750 g. Further risk factors were male sex (1.88 [1.75-2.03]), low social status (5.96 [5.21-6.82]), an immigrant background associated with poor German language skills in the family (1.63 [1.43-1.86]), and being raised by a single parent (1.21 [1.12-1.31]). On the other hand, nursery school and/or kindergarten enrollment for at least two years before entering school (0.82 [0.73-0.91]) and an immigrant background with good German skills in the family (0.39 [0.34-0.45]) were associated with lower rates of special educational needs. CONCLUSION The risk of special educational needs increases already with moderately decreased birth weight. The most important factor other than birth weight is the family's social status. Although children of very low birth weight have a much higher rate of special educational needs than other children, they still make up only a small percentage of all children with special educational needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bettge
- Berlin Senate Department for Health and Social Services, Child and Adolescent Health Service Berlin-Mitte, Department of Neonatology of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Susanne Bettge and Sylke Oberwöhrmann have equally contributed to the manuscript
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Gardiner J, Sutcliffe AG, Melhuish E, Barnes J. Paternal Age, Paternal Presence and Children's Health: An Observational Study. Pediatr Rep 2015; 7:5659. [PMID: 25918623 PMCID: PMC4387328 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2015.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In an observational study of 31,257 children we investigated the effects of paternal age at the time of the child's birth, paternal absence and non-biological fathers on children's health. Results are per 5 year change in paternal age. Older fathers were associated with lower rates of unintentional injuries, odds ratio (OR)=0.966, P=0.0027. There was a quadratic association between paternal age and risk of hospital admission, β=0.0121, P=0.0109, with minimum risk at paternal age 37.7. Absent fathers were associated with increased risk of hospital admission, OR=1.19, P<10(-3), lower rates of complete immunizations to 9 months, OR=0.562, P<10(-3), higher Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) difficulties scores: β=0.304, P=0.0024 (3 year olds), β=0.697, P<10(-3) (5 year olds). Non-biological fathers were associated with increased risk of unintentional injury, OR=1.16, P=0.0319 and hospital admission, OR=1.26, P=0.0166; lower rates of complete immunizations to 9 months, OR=0.343, P=0.0309 and higher SDQ difficulties scores: β=0.908, P<10(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gardiner
- Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London; London, UK
| | | | - Edward Melhuish
- Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London; London, UK
- University of Oxford; London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Barnes
- Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London; London, UK
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Krueger PM, Jutte DP, Franzini L, Elo I, Hayward MD. Family structure and multiple domains of child well-being in the United States: a cross-sectional study. Popul Health Metr 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25729332 PMCID: PMC4343278 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-015-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examine the association between family structure and children's health care utilization, barriers to health care access, health, and schooling and cognitive outcomes and assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) accounts for those family structure differences. We advance prior research by focusing on understudied but increasingly common family structures including single father families and five different family structures that include grandparents. METHODS Our data on United States children aged birth through 17 (unweighted N = 198,864) come from the 1997-2013 waves of the National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative, publicly available, household-based sample. We examine 17 outcomes across nine family structures, including married couple, cohabiting couple, single mother, and single father families, with and without grandparents, and skipped-generation families that include children and grandparents but not parents. The SES measures include family income, home ownership, and parents' or grandparents' (depending on who is in the household) employment and education. RESULTS Compared to children living with married couples, children in single mother, extended single mother, and cohabiting couple families average poorer outcomes, but children in single father families sometimes average better health outcomes. The presence of grandparents in single parent, cohabiting, or married couple families does not buffer children from adverse outcomes. SES only partially explains family structure disparities in children's well-being. CONCLUSIONS All non-married couple family structures are associated with some adverse outcomes among children, but the degree of disadvantage varies across family structures. Efforts to understand and improve child well-being might be most effective if they recognize the increasing diversity in children's living arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Krueger
- />Department of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Campus Box 188, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364 USA
| | - Douglas P Jutte
- />School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Luisa Franzini
- />University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland USA
| | - Irma Elo
- />Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mark D Hayward
- />Department of Sociology, University of Texas, Texas, USA
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50
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Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Eineltern-, Stief- und Kernfamilien. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2014; 57:860-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-014-1988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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