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Backhaus I, Hoven H, Bambra C, Oksanen T, Rigó M, di Tecco C, Iavicoli S, Dragano N. Changes in work-related stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: differences by gender and parental status. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:421-431. [PMID: 36367561 PMCID: PMC9651091 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic changed people's working conditions worldwide and research suggests increases in work stressors. However, it is not known to what extent these changes differ by gender or parental status. In the present study, we investigate trends in work stressors and whether these differ by gender and parental status. METHODS We used cross-sectional time series data of the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 and Living, Working and COVID-19 survey of spring 2020 to examine trends in work stressors by gender and parental status. Work stressors were working in leisure time, lack of psychological detachment and work-life conflict. We applied three-way multilevel regressions reporting prevalence ratios and reported predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in changes in work stressors. RESULTS Our multilevel regression results showed elevated prevalence ratios during the pandemic for working leisure time (PR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.34-1.53), psychological detachment (PR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.45-1.99) and work-life conflict (PR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.43) compared to before the pandemic. Except for working in leisure time, the increase was more significant among women and mothers. The proportion of work-life conflict in 2020 was 20.7% (95% CI 18.7-22.9) for men and 25.8% (95% CI 24.0-27.6) for women, equalling a difference of 5.1% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that work stressors increased disproportionately for women and mothers. This needs to be monitored and addressed to prevent widening gender inequalities in the quality of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Clare Bambra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Tuula Oksanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mariann Rigó
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina di Tecco
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Directorate for Communication and International Affairs, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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2
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Mopkins D. Workplace Psychological Distress: A Concept Analysis. Workplace Health Saf 2022; 70:436-444. [PMID: 35620890 DOI: 10.1177/21650799221090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace psychological distress (WPD) significantly impacts employees' mental and physical well-being. However, WPD has not been well-defined in the literature as a concept. This concept analysis aims to clarify the concept of WPD and promote the use of the term in occupational health nursing research. METHODS Strategies introduced by Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis method will be utilized to conceptualize WPD and its impact on employees. A literature search was conducted using Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Business Source Complete, and APA PsycArticles. The keyword search included the terms "workplace" AND "employee" AND "psychological distress." RESULTS Antecedents of WPD are an increase in job demands, lack of control, low support, and workplace bullying. Defining attributes for WPD are extreme fatigue, role conflict, and time pressures. Consequences of WPD were identified as mental disorders, physical disorders, and loss in productivity. This concept was further illustrated using a model, borderline, and contrary case. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Identifying signs of WPD is of great importance in caring for employees in the workplace. Occupational health nurses can use information obtained from a workplace assessment to develop policies, implement well-being programs, and provide employee referrals.
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3
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Heinonen N, Lallukka T, Lahti J, Pietiläinen O, Nordquist H, Mänty M, Katainen A, Kouvonen A. Working Conditions and Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to Mental Disorders: A Prospective Record Linkage Cohort Study Among 19- to 39-Year-Old Female Municipal Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:105-114. [PMID: 34723911 PMCID: PMC8812422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between working conditions and long-term sickness absence due to mental disorders (LTSA-MD) among younger female public sector employees from different employment sectors. METHODS Survey data collected in 2017 (n = 3048) among 19- to 39-year-old female employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were used to examine job demands, job control, physical workload, computer work, and covariates. Register data on LTSA-MD were used over 1-year follow-up. Negative binomial regression models were applied. RESULTS Adverse psychosocial and physical working conditions were associated with higher LTSA-MD during the follow-up. Health and social care workers had the highest number of days of LTSA-MD. CONCLUSION Working conditions are important factors when aiming to prevent LTSA-MD among younger employees, in the health and social care sector in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Heinonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (Heinonen, Dr Nordquist, Dr Katainen, and Dr Kouvonen); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (Dr Olli, Dr Nordquist, and Dr Mänty); South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland (Dr Nordquist); Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Unit of strategy and research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland (Dr Mänty); Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK (Dr Kouvonen)
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4
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Mänty M, Kouvonen A, Nordquist H, Harkko J, Pietiläinen O, Halonen JI, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Physical working conditions and subsequent sickness absence: a record linkage follow-up study among 19-39-year-old municipal employees. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:489-497. [PMID: 34687341 PMCID: PMC8795030 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Physical work exposures are associated with sickness absence among older employees. We aimed to examine if they similarly contribute to all-cause sickness absence during early and mid-careers. Methods We used questionnaire data on physical work exposures linked to register data on sickness absence from 3542 municipal employees aged 19–39 years. Follow-up for the number of sickness absence days was 12 months. Exposures to physical workload, occupational environmental hazards, and sedentary work were divided into quartiles. In addition, duration of daily exposure to heavy work was included. Negative binomial regression models were used. Results Higher exposure to physical workload or hazardous exposures was associated with a higher number of sickness absence days. The age and gender adjusted rate ratios for sickness absence days among the participants whose exposure to physical workload was in the highest exposure quartile were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8‒2.5) compared with those whose exposure was in the lowest quartile. In addition, rate ratios for sickness absence days among participants who reported that they do heavy physical work 1.1‒2.0 h, 2.1‒4.0 h or over 4 h daily were 1.6 (1.3‒1.9), 1.5 (1.3‒1.8) and 1.7 (1.5‒2.1), respectively, compared with those who reported not doing physical work. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors or health characteristics attenuated the associations only slightly. Conclusion Exposure to physically demanding work is associated with a higher number of sickness absence days among municipal employees below 40 years of age. Physical working conditions should be considered when aiming to support later work ability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01791-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Unit of Strategy and Research, City of Vantaa, Vantaa, Finland.
| | - A Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - H Nordquist
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Health Care and Emergency Care, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kotka, Finland
| | - J Harkko
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J I Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Doan T, Ha V, Leach L, La A. Mental health: who is more vulnerable to high work intensity? Evidence from Australian longitudinal data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1591-1604. [PMID: 34155548 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The adverse impacts of exposure to work intensity on mental health have been widely studied. However, there is a lack of research examining who is most vulnerable in terms of position on the mental health distribution. The current study aims to: (a) initially estimate the average impacts of work intensity on workers' mental health in Australia, and then (b) estimate the extent to which this effect varies across the mental health distribution. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study uses data from waves 2005--2017 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. It first employs Average Treatment Effect (ATE) to provide a baseline/average treatment effect for the whole population, and then applies Quantile Regression fixed effects models for various quantiles on the mental health distribution. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The baseline estimates show that there are significantly negative effects of work intensity on mental health for the whole population, but importantly the quantile fixed effect estimates show that these adverse effects are substantially stronger for those with the poorest mental health (i.e. at the bottom of the distribution). When ATE alone is estimated, the significant effect is averaged over the mental health distribution, missing important information regarding the heterogeneity of the effect. The findings have important implications for understanding and reducing mental health inequality, particularly inequality driven by workplace stress. First, they align with existing research demonstrating the importance of reducing psychosocial job stressors. Second, given workers with mental health problems were most susceptible to the adverse effects of work intensity, there is a need to offer additional support (and be sensitive of workloads) for this group in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Doan
- Australian National University, Research School of Population Health, Canberra, Act, Australia.
| | - Van Ha
- Thuong Mai University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Liana Leach
- Australian National University, Research School of Population Health, Canberra, Act, Australia
| | - Anh La
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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6
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Shiri R, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O, Leino-Arjas P. Excess Body Mass and Leisure Time Physical Activity in the Incidence and Persistence of Chronic Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 21:3094-3101. [PMID: 32374375 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of excess body mass and leisure time physical activity on the incidence and persistence of chronic pain. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. METHODS As a part of the Finnish Helsinki Health Study, we included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki (18,562 observations) and defined incident chronic pain as having pain in any part of the body for more than three months at follow-up in participants without chronic pain at baseline (N = 13,029 observations). Persistent chronic pain was defined as having pain for more than three months at both baseline and follow-up (N = 5,533 observations). RESULTS Overweight (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06-1.31) and obesity (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.45-1.88) increased the incidence of chronic pain. Moreover, overweight (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.32) and obesity (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.26-1.74) increased the risk of persistent chronic pain. Vigorous leisure time physical activity reduced the incidence of chronic pain (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.96). Physical activity did not influence the risk of persistent chronic pain. Furthermore, overweight/obesity modified the effect of leisure time physical activity on incident chronic pain. Inactive overweight or obese participants were at the highest risk of chronic pain (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.40-2.09), while the OR dropped to 1.44 (95% CI = 1.19-1.75) in moderately active overweight or obese participants and to 1.20 (95% CI = 0.97-1.47) in highly active overweight or obese participants. CONCLUSIONS Obesity not only increases the risk of developing chronic pain, but also increases the risk of persistent pain, while leisure time physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Lallukka T, Shiri R, Pietiläinen O, Kausto J, Sumanen H, Halonen JI, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Mänty M, Kouvonen A. Timing of Entry into Paid Employment, Adverse Physical Work Exposures and Health: The Young Helsinki Health Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217854. [PMID: 33120885 PMCID: PMC7662500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is not well known how the timing of entry into paid employment and physical work exposures contribute to different health outcomes in young employees. Thus, we determined the associations of age at entry into paid employment and physical work exposures with general and mental health in young employees and determined whether associations differ by behavior-related risk factors. Data were collected via online and mailed surveys in autumn 2017 from employees of the City of Helsinki aged 18–39 years (n = 5897; 4630 women and 1267 men, response rate 51.5%). Surveys comprised measures of age at entry into paid employment, seven working conditions, behavior-related risk factors and health outcomes (self-rated health [SRH] and common mental disorders [CMD] as generic indicators of physical and mental health). Logistic regression analysis was used. After full adjustment, age at entry was not associated with the health outcomes; however, in additional analyses, younger age at first employment was associated with smoking and obesity (OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.34–3.85 and 1.67, 95% CI 1.32–2.11 for those started working at age of ≤18 years, respectively). Of the working conditions, sitting and standing were positively associated with poor SRH and CMD and uncomfortable working postures with CMD. Working conditions were broadly similarly associated with health outcomes among those with and without behavior-related risk factors. Although we found little support for modification by behavior-related risk factors, overweight, obesity and smoking were associated with poor SRH and binge drinking and smoking with CMD. Additionally, moderate and high levels of leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with poor SRH. In conclusion, early entry into paid employment appears not to associate to immediate poorer health in young employees, although it was associated with smoking and obesity even after full adjustment. Exposure to physically heavy work and uncomfortable working postures may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-505-704-399
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Johanna Kausto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 18, 00032 Helsinki, Finland; (R.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hilla Sumanen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
- Department of Health Care and Emergency Care, South Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, 48220 Kotka, Finland
| | - Jaana I. Halonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (O.P.); (H.S.); (E.L.); (O.R.); (M.M.)
- Department of Strategy and Research, City of Vantaa, 01030 Vantaa, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Research Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 53-238 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Shiri R, Hiilamo A, Pietiläinen O, Mänty M, Rahkonen O, Lallukka T. Favourable changes in physical working conditions and the risk of all-cause sickness absence: a pseudo-experiment. Eur J Public Health 2019; 30:253-259. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We determined whether favourable changes in physical workload and environmental factors reduce sickness absence (SA) days using observational cohort data as a pseudo-experiment.
Methods
The data from the Finnish Helsinki Health Study included three cohorts of employees of the City of Helsinki [2000/2002–07 (N = 2927), 2007–12 (N = 1686) and 2012–17 (N = 1118), altogether 5731 observations]. First, we estimated the propensity score of favourable changes (reduction in exposures) in physical workload and environmental factors during each 5-year follow-up period on the baseline survey characteristics using logistic regression. Second, we created and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights for each participant using the propensity scores. Lastly, we used generalized linear model and fitted negative binomial regression models for over-dispersed count data to estimate whether the favourable changes decrease the risk of short-term (1–3 days), intermediate-term (4–14 days) and long-term (>14 days) SA using employer’s register data.
Results
During a 5-year follow-up, 11% of the participants had favourable changes in physical workload factors, 13% in environmental factors and 8% in both factors. The incidence of short-term, intermediate-term and long-term SA were lower in employees with favourable workplace changes compared with those without such changes. The reductions were largest for long-term SA. Reporting favourable changes in both workload and environmental factors reduced the number of SA days by 41% within 1 year after the changes and by 32% within 2 years after the changes.
Conclusion
This pseudo-experimental study suggests that improving physical working conditions reduces SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aapo Hiilamo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Research, Development and Innovation, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Lallukka T, Kaila-Kangas L, Mänty M, Koskinen S, Haukka E, Kausto J, Leino-Arjas P, Kaikkonen R, Halonen JI, Shiri R. Work-Related Exposures and Sickness Absence Trajectories: A Nationally Representative Follow-up Study among Finnish Working-Aged People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122099. [PMID: 31200553 PMCID: PMC6616391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of physically demanding work to the developmental trajectories of sickness absence (SA) has seldom been examined. We analyzed the associations of 12 physical work exposures, individually and in combination, with SA trajectories among the occupationally active in the Finnish nationally representative Health 2000 survey. We included 3814 participants aged 30–59 years at baseline, when exposure history to work-related factors was reported. The survey and interview responses were linked with the annual number of medically confirmed SA spells through 2002–2008 from national registries. Trajectory analyses identified three SA subgroups: 1 = low (54.6%), 2 = slowly increasing (33.7%), and 3 = high (11.7%). After adjustments, sitting or use of keyboard >1 year was inversely associated with the high SA trajectory (odds ratio, OR, 0.57; 95% 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.43–0.77). The odds of belonging to the trajectory of high SA increased with an increasing number of risk factors, and was highest for those with ≥4 physical workload factors (OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.99–3.69). In conclusion, these findings highlight the need to find ways to better maintain the work ability of those in physically loading work, particularly when there occurs exposure to several workload factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Leena Kaila-Kangas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- City of Vantaa, Asematie 7, 01300 Vantaa, Finland.
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Unit of Statistics and research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eija Haukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Johanna Kausto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Päivi Leino-Arjas
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Risto Kaikkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Nielsen K, Yarker J, Munir F, Bültmann U. IGLOO: An integrated framework for sustainable return to work in workers with common mental disorders. WORK AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2018.1438536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Nielsen
- Institute of Work Psychology, Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanna Yarker
- Department of Management, Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
| | - Fehmidah Munir
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ute Bültmann
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Occupational Class Differences in Trajectories of Working Conditions in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMCID: PMC5551228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine occupational class differences in trajectories of working conditions in ageing female municipal employees. Longitudinal survey data were collected among 40 to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. The 2000–2002 baseline survey (N = 8960, response rate 67%) was followed up in 2007 and 2012. Only those female participants who remained employed through all three phases were included (n = 2540). The effects of age, occupational class, and time period on physical and psychosocial working conditions were estimated using a mixed linear growth model. Physical workload decreased with age, except for manual workers, for whom there was no change. Manual workers also had less control over their work than managers and professionals, semi-professionals, or routine non-manual employees. Job control declined similarly in all occupational classes. Although occupational class differences in the levels of job demands were found, with the managers and professionals reporting the most increased demands, job demands were fairly stable and there was virtually no age or period associated linear change in them. Age trajectories in physical workload differ by occupational class, and the differences in psychosocial working conditions between occupational classes do not converge with age.
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12
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Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Lallukka T, Pietiläinen O, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions and psychotropic medication in ageing public sector employees: a record-linkage follow-up study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015573. [PMID: 28706097 PMCID: PMC5734573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions are associated with subsequent psychotropic medication in ageing employees. METHODS Data were from the Helsinki Health Study, a cohort study of Finnish municipal employees, aged 40-60 years at phase 1 (2000-2002). Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions were measured between phase 1 and phase 2 (2007). Survey data were longitudinally linked to data on prescribed, reimbursed psychotropic medication purchases (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) obtained from the registers of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland between the phase 2 survey and December 2013 (N=3587; 80% women). Outcomes were any psychotropic medication; antidepressants (N06A); anxiolytics (N05B); and sedatives and hypnotics (N05C). Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS During the follow-up, 28% of the participants were prescribed psychotropic medication. Repeated exposures to low job control, high job demands and high physical work load were associated with an increased risk of subsequent antidepressant and anxiolytic medication. Increased and repeated exposure to high physical work load, increased job control and repeated high job demands were associated with subsequent sedative and hypnotic medication. Age and sex-adjusted HR varied from 1.18 to 1.66. Improvement in job control was associated with a lower risk of anxiolytic, but with a higher risk of sedatives and hypnotic medication. Decreased physical work load was associated with a lower risk of antidepressant and anxiolytic medications. CONCLUSION Improvement in working conditions could lower the risk of mental ill-health indicated by psychotropic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- Administrative Data Research Centre (Northern Ireland), Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Minna Mänty
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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