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Krus CB, Patino C, Barrington GM, Burbick C. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in an alpaca. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:37-41. [PMID: 38164383 PMCID: PMC10727155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A 6-year-old female huacaya alpaca was referred to the clinic for evaluation with a 1-month history of rapid weight loss, inappetence, lethargy, and severe leukocytosis refractory to medical management. Physical examination revealed a body condition score of 1 out of 5 and a large, firm structure palpable in the right caudoventral abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed 3 masses with hyperechoic, swirling centers. The largest mass measured 15 cm in diameter with a 2-centimeter capsule, and extended from right of midline into the left inguinal region. Transrectal ultrasonography identified a small uterus and clear delineation between the abdominal masses. Complete blood (cell) count findings were consistent with marked systemic inflammation. Based on initial examination and laboratory findings, exploratory laparotomy was elected. Multiple mesenteric masses strongly adhered to the jejunum were observed within the abdomen. Due to the inoperable conditions and the poor long-term prognosis, the alpaca was euthanized under general anesthesia. Bacterial culture of fluid aspirated from the largest mass revealed Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Key clinical message: Clinical progression and attempted treatment of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in camelids have not been previously described and the bacterium should be considered as a differential diagnosis for abscessation and persistent leukocytosis. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is also considered a zoonotic agent and proper precautions should be taken when handling cases of abdominal abscessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Krus); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patino, Barrington) and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (Burbick), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Cristian Patino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Krus); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patino, Barrington) and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (Burbick), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - George M Barrington
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Krus); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patino, Barrington) and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (Burbick), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Claire Burbick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Krus); Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patino, Barrington) and Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (Burbick), Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Savin C, Le Guern AS, Chereau F, Guglielmini J, Heuzé G, Demeure C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. First Description of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Clonal Outbreak in France, Confirmed Using a New Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Method. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114522. [PMID: 35863020 PMCID: PMC9431522 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01145-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric pathogen causing mild enteritis that can lead to mesenteric adenitis in children and septicemia in elderly patients. Most cases are sporadic, but outbreaks have already been described in different countries. We report for the first time a Y. pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak in France, that occurred in 2020. An epidemiological investigation based on food queries pointed toward the consumption of tomatoes as the suspected source of infection. The Yersinia National Reference Laboratory (YNRL) developed a new cgMLST scheme with 1,921 genes specific to Y. pseudotuberculosis that identified the clustering of isolates associated with the outbreak and allowed to perform molecular typing in real time. In addition, this method allowed to retrospectively identify isolates belonging to this cluster from earlier in 2020. This method, which does not require specific bioinformatic skills, is now used systematically at the YNRL and proves to display an excellent discriminatory power and is available to the scientific community. IMPORTANCE We describe in here a novel core-genome MLST method that allowed to identify in real time, and for the first time in France, a Y. pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak that took place during the summer 2020 in Corsica. Our method allows to support epidemiological and microbiological investigations to establish a link between patients infected with closely associated Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates, and to identify the potential source of infection. In addition, we made this method available for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Savin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Le Guern
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Chereau
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Julien Guglielmini
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Demeure
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
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Cold Enrichment Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Yersiniosis: Friend or Foe? Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020278. [PMID: 35215220 PMCID: PMC8875810 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are important causes of enteric illness worldwide. Rapid response to suspected foodborne outbreaks is hampered by the widespread use of cold enrichment methods that require incubation periods of 10–21 days. Although these species grow faster at elevated temperatures, part of the rationale for cold enrichment is that a key pathogenicity marker (pYV virulence plasmid) is said to be lost at elevated temperatures. Experimental data on this claim seems scarce. We previously described an approach involving an enrichment step at 37 °C for Yersinia detection, applied this approach to additional strains, and examined the presence of plasmids in reisolates, as well as those recovered in our original study. Plasmids were recovered from every reisolate examined; the presence of marker genes yadA and virF denoted the virulence plasmid in 10 of the 11 strains examined. Use of an enrichment step at 37 °C does not appear to promote loss of the pYV or other plasmids harboured by foodborne pathogenic Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis; wider adoption of this approach may assist the development of more rapid detection methods.
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Hammerl JA, Barac A, Bienert A, Demir A, Drüke N, Jäckel C, Matthies N, Jun JW, Skurnik M, Ulrich J, Hertwig S. Birds Kept in the German Zoo "Tierpark Berlin" Are a Common Source for Polyvalent Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Phages. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:634289. [PMID: 35046908 PMCID: PMC8762354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an important animal pathogen, particularly for birds, rodents, and monkeys, which is also able to infect humans. Indeed, an increasing number of reports have been published on zoo animals that were killed by this species. One option to treat diseased animals is the application of strictly lytic (virulent) phages. However, thus far relatively few phages infecting Y. pseudotuberculosis have been isolated and characterized. To determine the prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis phages in zoo animals, fecal samples of birds and some primates, maras, and peccaries kept in the Tierpark Berlin were analyzed. Seventeen out of 74 samples taken in 2013 and 2017 contained virulent phages. The isolated phages were analyzed in detail and could be allocated to three groups. The first group is composed of 10 T4-like phages (PYps2T taxon group: Myoviridae; Tevenvirinae; Tequatrovirus), the second group (PYps23T taxon group: Chaseviridae; Carltongylesvirus; Escherichia virus ST32) consists of five phages encoding a podovirus-like RNA polymerase that is related to an uncommon genus of myoviruses (e.g., Escherichia coli phage phiEcoM-GJ1), while the third group is comprised of two podoviruses (PYps50T taxon group: Autographiviridae; Studiervirinae; Berlinvirus) which are closely related to T7. The host range of the isolated phages differed significantly. Between 5.5 and 86.7% of 128 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains belonging to 20 serotypes were lysed by each phage. All phages were additionally able to lyse Y. enterocolitica B4/O:3 strains, when incubated at 37°C. Some phages also infected Y. pestis strains and even strains belonging to other genera of Enterobacteriaceae. A cocktail containing two of these phages would be able to lyse almost 93% of the tested Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. The study indicates that Y. pseudotuberculosis phages exhibiting a broad-host range can be isolated quite easily from zoo animals, particularly birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Barac
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bienert
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aslihan Demir
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Drüke
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Jäckel
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Matthies
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juliane Ulrich
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hertwig
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Role of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence Plasmid in Pathogen-Phagocyte Interactions in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes. EcoSal Plus 2021; 9:eESP00142021. [PMID: 34910573 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0014-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an Enterobacteriaceae family member that is commonly transmitted by the fecal-oral route to cause infections. From the small intestine, Y. pseudotuberculosis can invade through Peyer's patches and lymph vessels to infect the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Infection of MLNs by Y. pseudotuberculosis results in the clinical presentation of mesenteric lymphadenitis. MLNs are important for immune responses to intestinal pathogens and microbiota in addition to their clinical relevance to Y. pseudotuberculosis infections. A characteristic of Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in MLNs is the formation of pyogranulomas. Pyogranulomas are composed of neutrophils, inflammatory monocytes, and lymphocytes surrounding extracellular microcolonies of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Key elements of the complex pathogen-host interaction in MLNs have been identified using mouse infection models. Y. pseudotuberculosis requires the virulence plasmid pYV to induce the formation of pyogranulomas in MLNs. The YadA adhesin and the Ysc-Yop type III secretion system (T3SS) are encoded on pYV. YadA mediates bacterial binding to host receptors, which engages the T3SS to preferentially translocate seven Yop effectors into phagocytes. The effectors promote pathogenesis by blocking innate immune defenses such as superoxide production, degranulation, and inflammasome activation, resulting in survival and growth of Y. pseudotuberculosis. On the other hand, certain effectors can trigger immune defenses in phagocytes. For example, YopJ triggers activation of caspase-8 and an apoptotic cell death response in monocytes within pyogranulomas that limits dissemination of Y. pseudotuberculosis from MLNs to the bloodstream. YopE can be processed as an antigen by phagocytes in MLNs, resulting in T and B cell responses to Y. pseudotuberculosis. Immune responses to Y. pseudotuberculosis in MLNs can also be detrimental to the host in the form of chronic lymphadenopathy. This review focuses on interactions between Y. pseudotuberculosis and phagocytes mediated by pYV that concurrently promote pathogenesis and host defense in MLNs. We propose that MLN pyogranulomas are immunological arenas in which opposing pYV-driven forces determine the outcome of infection in favor of the pathogen or host.
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On SLW, Zhang Y, Gehring A, Patsekin V, Chelikani V, Flint S, Wang H, Billington C, Fletcher GC, Lindsay J, Robinson JP. Elastic Light Scatter Pattern Analysis for the Expedited Detection of Yersinia Species in Pork Mince: Proof of Concept. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641801. [PMID: 33679677 PMCID: PMC7928378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of the pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from foods typically rely on slow (10–21 day) “cold enrichment” protocols before confirmed results are obtained. We describe an approach that yields results in 39 h that combines an alternative enrichment method with culture on a non-selective medium, and subsequent identification of suspect colonies using elastic light scatter (ELS) analysis. A prototype database of ELS profiles from five Yersinia species and six other bacterial genera found in pork mince was established, and used to compare similar profiles of colonies obtained from enrichment cultures from pork mince samples seeded with representative strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. The presumptive identification by ELS using computerised or visual analyses of 83/90 colonies in these experiments as the target species was confirmed by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition to seeded cultures, our method recovered two naturally occurring Yersinia strains. Our results indicate that modified enrichment combined with ELS is a promising new approach for expedited detection of foodborne pathogenic yersiniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L W On
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Gehring
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Venkata Chelikani
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Craig Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Lindsay
- Agricultural Research Service, Office of National Programs, USDA, Washington, DC, United States
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Rivas L, Strydom H, Paine S, Wang J, Wright J. Yersiniosis in New Zealand. Pathogens 2021; 10:191. [PMID: 33578727 PMCID: PMC7916520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A "One-Health" approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rivas
- Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand;
| | - Hugo Strydom
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
| | - Shevaun Paine
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Kenepuru Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Porirua, Wellington 5022, New Zealand; (S.P.); (J.W.)
| | - Jackie Wright
- National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited, Upper Hutt, Wellington 5018, New Zealand;
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Heuvelmans M, Lammertink MHA, Kusters JG, Bruns AHW, Monkelbaan JF. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection with severe localised inflammation and ulceration of the ileum in a heart transplant patient. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e236343. [PMID: 33318266 PMCID: PMC7737070 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case, we present an uncommon gastrointestinal infection in an immunocompromised patient that was solely diagnosed because of close collaboration between treating physicians and microbiologists. The patient is a 42-year-old male who underwent heart transplantation 5 years earlier. He presented with fever, weight loss, diarrhoea and tiredness. Initial investigations could not elucidate the aetiology of his symptoms. The patient was referred to the department of infectious diseases for further evaluation. Serology for Yersinia species was ordered and the result was suggestive for the possibility of a Yersinia species infection. Close collaboration between treating physicians and microbiologists followed and led to additional investigations, which revealed the diagnosis of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection with extensive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with ciprofloxacin resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and healing of the gastrointestinal lesions. In conclusion, this case underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to complex patients of which symptoms have yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Heuvelmans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke H A Lammertink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H W Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F Monkelbaan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lorusso A, Addante L, Capozzi L, Bianco A, Del Sambro L, Gallitelli ME, Parisi A. Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in bovine mastitis: A potential milk-borne hazard. Ital J Food Saf 2020; 9:8527. [PMID: 33532369 PMCID: PMC7844581 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2020.8527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the first confirmed case of a subclinical mastitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a dairy cow from Italy. Milk samples from an adult cow of the Bruna breed were analyzed accordingly to standard milk cultivation protocols. Bacteriological examinations allowed to isolate atypical Gram-negative rods identified as Y. pseudotuberculosis using biochemical tests. The isolate was subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and the species identification was confirmed using rMLST. Moreover, the virulence and antibacterial susceptibility of the isolate have been also determined. The most common virulence genes were screened through WGS, showing the presence of inv, ail, pil and HPI genes. No antibiotic resistance was found. Even though scarcely described as causal agent of subclinical mastitis, the detection of Y. pseudotubercolusosis suggests that this pathogen could be spread to humans through raw milk, representing a potential food safety hazard
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luciana Addante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Loredana Capozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelica Bianco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Del Sambro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
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Nguyen SV, Muthappa DM, Eshwar AK, Buckley JF, Murphy BP, Stephan R, Lehner A, Fanning S. Comparative genomic insights into Yersinia hibernica - a commonly misidentified Yersinia enterocolitica-like organism. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000411. [PMID: 32701425 PMCID: PMC7643974 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-associated outbreaks linked to enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica are of concern to public health. Pigs and their meat are recognized risk factors for transmission of Y. enterocolitica. This study aimed to describe the comparative genomics of Y. enterocolitica along with a number of misclassified Yersinia isolates, now constituting the recently described Yersinia hibernica. The latter was originally cultured from an environmental sample taken at a pig slaughterhouse. Unique features were identified in the genome of Y. hibernica, including a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE), denoted as ICEYh-1 contained within a 255 kbp region of plasticity. In addition, a zebrafish embryo infection model was adapted and applied to assess the virulence potential among Yersinia isolates including Y. hibernica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Van Nguyen
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Dechamma Mundanda Muthappa
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Athmanya K. Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James F. Buckley
- Veterinary Food Safety Laboratory, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, Co. Cork and Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brenda P. Murphy
- Veterinary Food Safety Laboratory, Cork County Council, Inniscarra, Co. Cork and Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 N2E5, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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Byvalov AA, Konyshev IV. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-derived adhesins. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2019-3-4-437-448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Around fifteen surface components referred to adhesins have been identified in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis combining primarily microbiological, molecular and genetic, as well as immunochemical and biophysical methods. Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived adhesins vary in structure and chemical composition but they are mainly presented by protein molecules. Some of them were shown to participate not only in adhesive but in other pathogen-related physiological functions in the host-parasite interplay. Adhesins can mediate bacterial adhesion to eukaryotic cell either directly or via the extracellular matrix components. These adhesion molecules are encoded by chromosomal DNA excepting YadA protein which gene is located in the calcium-dependence plasmid pYV common for pathogenic yersisniae. An optimum temperature for adhesin biosynthesis is located close to the body temperature of warm-blooded animals; however, at low temperature only invasin InvA, full-length smooth lipopolysaccharide and porin OmpF are produced in Y. pseudotuberculosis. Several adhesins (Psa, InvA) can be expressed at low pH (corresponds to intracellular content), thereby defining pathogenic yersiniae as facultative intracellular parasites. Three human Yersinia genus pathogens differ by ability to produce adhesins. Y. pseudotuberculosis adherence to host cells or extracellular matrix components is determined by a cumulative adhesion-based activity, which expression depends on chemical composition and physicochemical environmental conditions. It’s proposed that at the initial stage of infectious process adherence of Y. pseudotuberculosis to intestinal epithelium is mediated by InvA protein and “smooth” LPS form. These adhesins are produced in bacterial cells at low (lower than 30°С) temperature occurring in environment from which a pathogen invades into the host. At later stages of pathogenesis, after penetrating through intestinal epithelium, bacterial cells produce other adhesins, which promote survival and dissemination primarily into the mesenteric lymph nodes and, possibly, liver and spleen. At later stages of pathogenesis, after penetrating through intestinal epithelium, bacterial cells produce other adhesins, which promote survival and dissemination primarily into the mesenteric lymph nodes and, perhaps, liver and spleen. Qualitative and quantitative spectrum of Y. pseudotuberculosis adhesins is determined by environmental parameters (intercellular space, intracellular content within the diverse eukaryotic cells).
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Castro H, Jaakkonen A, Hakakorpi A, Hakkinen M, Isidro J, Korkeala H, Lindström M, Hallanvuo S. Genomic Epidemiology and Phenotyping Reveal on-Farm Persistence and Cold Adaptation of Raw Milk Outbreak-Associated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31156582 PMCID: PMC6528616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Packaged raw milk contaminated with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mediated a large yersiniosis outbreak in southern Finland in 2014. The outbreak was traced back to a single dairy farm in southern Finland. Here we explore risk factors leading to the outbreak through epidemiologic investigation of the outbreak farm and through genomic and phenotypic characterization of the farm’s outbreak and non-outbreak associated Y. pseudotuberculosis strains. We show that the outbreak strain persisted on the farm throughout the 7-month study, whereas the non-outbreak strains occurred sporadically. Phylogenomic analysis illustrated that the outbreak strain was related to previously published genomes of wild animal isolates from Finland, implying that wild animals were a potential source of the outbreak strain to the farm. We observed allelic differences between the farm’s outbreak and non-outbreak strains in several genes associated with virulence, stress response and biofilm formation, and found that the outbreak strain formed biofilm in vitro and maintained better growth fitness during cold stress than the non-outbreak strains. Finally, we demonstrate the rapid growth of the outbreak strain in packaged raw milk during refrigerated storage. This study provides insight of the risk factors leading to the Y. pseudotuberculosis outbreak, highlights the importance of pest control to avoid the spread of pathogens from wild to domestic animals, and demonstrates that the cold chain is insufficient as the sole risk management strategy to control Y. pseudotuberculosis risk associated with raw drinking milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Castro
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Jaakkonen
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hakakorpi
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Hakkinen
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joana Isidro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Innovation and Technology Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hannu Korkeala
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Lindström
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Hallanvuo
- Microbiology Unit, Laboratory and Research Division, Finnish Food Authority, Helsinki, Finland
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Strydom H, Wang J, Paine S, Dyet K, Cullen K, Wright J. Evaluating sub-typing methods for pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica to support outbreak investigations in New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e186. [PMID: 31364520 PMCID: PMC6518587 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of human yersiniosis in New Zealand has increased between 2013 and 2017. For surveillance and outbreak investigations it is essential that an appropriate level of discrimination between pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolates is provided, in order to support epidemiological linking of connected cases. Subtyping of 227 Y. enterocolitica isolates was performed using a range of different typing methods, including biotyping, serotyping and seven loci multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). In addition, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (core SNP) analysis and multi-locus sequence typing were performed on a subset of 69 isolates. Sixty-seven different MLVA types were identified. One MLVA profile was associated with an outbreak in the Bay of Plenty region, supported by epidemiological data. Core SNP analysis showed that all the outbreak-related isolates clustered together. The subtyping and epidemiological evidence suggests that the outbreak of yersiniosis in the Bay of Plenty region between October and December 2016 could be attributed to a point source. However, subtyping results further suggest that the same clone was isolated from several regions between August 2016 and March 2017. Core SNP analysis and MLVA typing failed to differentiate between Y. enterocolitica biotype 2 and biotype 3. For this reason, we propose that these biotypes should be reported as a single type namely: Y. enterocolitica biotype 2/3 and that the serotype should be prioritised as an indicator of prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Strydom
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - S. Paine
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - K. Dyet
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - K. Cullen
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
| | - J. Wright
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research (ESR), Porirua, New Zealand
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Inns T, Flanagan S, Greig DR, Jenkins C, Seddon K, Chin T, Cartwright J. First use of whole-genome sequencing to investigate a cluster of Yersinia enterocolitica, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2017. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1747-1752. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Inns
- 1Field Service, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
- 2Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- 3NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Flanagan
- 4North West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R. Greig
- 5National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Claire Jenkins
- 5National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Keeley Seddon
- 6Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Toong Chin
- 6Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Cartwright
- 4North West Health Protection Team, Public Health England, Liverpool, UK
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Sannö A, Rosendal T, Aspán A, Backhans A, Jacobson M. Distribution of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. and Salmonella spp. in the Swedish wild boar population, and assessment of risk factors that may affect their prevalence. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:40. [PMID: 29970104 PMCID: PMC6029406 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pure Eurasian wild boars and/or hybrids with domestic pigs are present in the wild on most continents. These wild pigs have been demonstrated to carry a large number of zoonotic and epizootic pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Wild boar populations throughout Europe are growing and more and more wild boar meat is being consumed, the majority within the homes of hunters without having passed a veterinary inspection. The aim of this study was to investigate if factors such as population density, level of artificial feeding, time since establishment of a given population, and the handling of animal by-products from slaughtered animals could influence the presence of these pathogens in the wild boar. RESULTS In total, 90 wild boars from 30 different populations in Sweden were sampled and analysed using a protocol combining pre-cultivation and PCR-detection. The results showed that 27% of the sampled wild boars were positive for Salmonella spp., 31% were positive for Y. enterocolitica and 22% were positive for Y. pseudotuberculosis. In 80% of the sampled populations, at least one wild boar was positive for one of these enteropathogens and in total, 60% of the animals carried at least one of the investigated enteropathogens. The presumptive risk factors were analysed using a case-control approach, however, no significant associations were found. CONCLUSION Human enteropathogens are commonly carried by wild boars, mainly in the tonsils, and can thus constitute a risk for contamination of the carcass and meat during slaughter. Based on the present results, the effect of reducing population densities and number of artificial feeding places might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Sannö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Rosendal
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annette Backhans
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Seecharran T, Kalin-Manttari L, Koskela K, Nikkari S, Dickins B, Corander J, Skurnik M, McNally A. Phylogeographic separation and formation of sexually discrete lineages in a global population of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microb Genom 2017; 3:e000133. [PMID: 29177091 PMCID: PMC5695210 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative intestinal pathogen of humans and has been responsible for several nationwide gastrointestinal outbreaks. Large-scale population genomic studies have been performed on the other human pathogenic species of the genus Yersinia, Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica allowing a high-resolution understanding of the ecology, evolution and dissemination of these pathogens. However, to date no purpose-designed large-scale global population genomic analysis of Y. pseudotuberculosis has been performed. Here we present analyses of the genomes of 134 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolated from around the world, from multiple ecosystems since the 1960s. Our data display a phylogeographic split within the population, with an Asian ancestry and subsequent dispersal of successful clonal lineages into Europe and the rest of the world. These lineages can be differentiated by CRISPR cluster arrays, and we show that the lineages are limited with respect to inter-lineage genetic exchange. This restriction of genetic exchange maintains the discrete lineage structure in the population despite co-existence of lineages for thousands of years in multiple countries. Our data highlights how CRISPR can be informative of the evolutionary trajectory of bacterial lineages, and merits further study across bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Seecharran
- 1Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Katja Koskela
- 3Centre for Military Medicine, Tykkikentäntie 1, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Simo Nikkari
- 3Centre for Military Medicine, Tykkikentäntie 1, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Dickins
- 1Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Mikael Skurnik
- 2University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan McNally
- 5Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
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