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Ansel M, Ramachandran K, Dey G, Brunet T. Origin and evolution of microvilli. Biol Cell 2024:e2400054. [PMID: 39233537 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Microvilli are finger-like, straight, and stable cellular protrusions that are filled with F-actin and present a stereotypical length. They are present in a broad range of cell types across the animal tree of life and mediate several fundamental functions, including nutrient absorption, photosensation, and mechanosensation. Therefore, understanding the origin and evolution of microvilli is key to reconstructing the evolution of animal cellular form and function. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on microvilli evolution and perform a bioinformatic survey of the conservation of genes encoding microvillar proteins in animals and their unicellular relatives. RESULTS We first present a detailed description of mammalian microvilli based on two well-studied examples, the brush border microvilli of enterocytes and the stereocilia of hair cells. We also survey the broader diversity of microvilli and discuss similarities and differences between microvilli and filopodia. Based on our bioinformatic survey coupled with carefully reconstructed molecular phylogenies, we reconstitute the order of evolutionary appearance of microvillar proteins. We document the stepwise evolutionary assembly of the "molecular microvillar toolkit" with notable bursts of innovation at two key nodes: the last common filozoan ancestor (correlated with the evolution of microvilli distinct from filopodia) and the last common choanozoan ancestor (correlated with the emergence of inter-microvillar adhesions). CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE We conclude with a scenario for the evolution of microvilli from filopodia-like ancestral structures in unicellular precursors of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylan Ansel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Evolutionary Cell Biology and Evolution of Morphogenesis Unit, Paris, France
- Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Master BioSciences, Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Kaustubh Ramachandran
- Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gautam Dey
- Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thibaut Brunet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Evolutionary Cell Biology and Evolution of Morphogenesis Unit, Paris, France
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2
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Vlashi R, Sun F, Zheng C, Zhang X, Liu J, Chen G. The molecular biology of NF2/Merlin on tumorigenesis and development. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23809. [PMID: 38967126 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400019rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene, known for encoding the tumor suppressor protein Merlin, is central to the study of tumorigenesis and associated cellular processes. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted role of NF2/Merlin, detailing its structural characteristics, functional diversity, and involvement in various signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, TGF-β, RTKs, mTOR, Notch, and Hedgehog. These pathways are crucial for cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. NF2 mutations are specifically linked to the development of schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas, although the precise mechanisms of tumor formation in these specific cell types remain unclear. Additionally, the review explores Merlin's role in embryogenesis, highlighting the severe developmental defects and embryonic lethality caused by NF2 deficiency. The potential therapeutic strategies targeting these genetic aberrations are also discussed, emphasizing inhibitors of mTOR, HDAC, and VEGF as promising avenues for treatment. This synthesis of current knowledge underscores the necessity for ongoing research to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of NF2/Merlin and develop effective therapeutic strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the prognosis and quality of life for individuals with NF2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexhina Vlashi
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuju Sun
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Surgery in Orthopaedics & Skeletal Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Castañeda S, Adeniyi-Ipadeola G, Wu Y, Suarez-Reyes C, Jain A, Ramírez JD, Weatherhead JE. Characterizing Excretory-Secretory Products Proteome Across Larval Development Stages in Ascaris suum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.03.601870. [PMID: 39005370 PMCID: PMC11245028 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.601870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum are parasitic nematodes that primarily infest the small intestines of humans and pigs, respectively. Ascariasis poses a significant threat to human health and swine health. Understanding Ascaris larval development is crucial for developing novel therapeutic interventions that will prevent ascariasis in both humans and pigs. This study aimed to characterize the excretory-secretory (ES) proteome of different Ascaris suum larval stages (L3-egg, L3-lung, L3-trachea) to identify potential targets for intervention to prevent Ascaris -induced global morbidity. Methods Stage-specific larvae were isolated, cultured in vitro and ES-product was collected. Third-stage Ascaris larvae (L3) were isolated from embryonated eggs (L3-egg), isolated from the lungs of Balb/c mice infected with Ascaris suum eggs at day 8 post infection (L3-lungs) and isolated from the trachea of Balb/c mice infected with Ascaris suum eggs at day 12 post infection (L3-trachea). ES products were obtained by culturing larvae. Proteomic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatic tools including MaxQuant, Perseus, and Andromeda, following a detailed protocol available on GitHub. The analysis encompassed peptide identification, scoring, and quantification against an organism-specific database, with subsequent quality control, correlation assessment, and differential abundance determination using the Amica algorithm. Results A total of 58 unique proteins were identified in the ES products. Fourteen proteins were common across all stages, while others were stage-specific. Principal component analysis revealed distinct protein profiles for each stage, suggesting qualitatively different proteomes. Gene ontology analysis indicated stage-specific GO enrichment of specific protein classes, such as nuclear proteins in L3-egg ES products and metabolic enzymes in L3-lung and L3-trachea ES products. Discussion This study revealed stage-specific differences in the composition of Ascaris ES products. Further investigation into the functional roles of these proteins and their interactions with host cells is crucial for developing novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies against ascariasis.
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4
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Krishnamoorthy V, Foglizzo M, Dilley RL, Wu A, Datta A, Dutta P, Campbell LJ, Degtjarik O, Musgrove LJ, Calabrese AN, Zeqiraj E, Greenberg RA. The SPATA5-SPATA5L1 ATPase complex directs replisome proteostasis to ensure genome integrity. Cell 2024; 187:2250-2268.e31. [PMID: 38554706 PMCID: PMC11055677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent unfolding of the CMG helicase by VCP/p97 is required to terminate DNA replication. Other replisome components are not processed in the same fashion, suggesting that additional mechanisms underlie replication protein turnover. Here, we identify replisome factor interactions with a protein complex composed of AAA+ ATPases SPATA5-SPATA5L1 together with heterodimeric partners C1orf109-CINP (55LCC). An integrative structural biology approach revealed a molecular architecture of SPATA5-SPATA5L1 N-terminal domains interacting with C1orf109-CINP to form a funnel-like structure above a cylindrically shaped ATPase motor. Deficiency in the 55LCC complex elicited ubiquitin-independent proteotoxicity, replication stress, and severe chromosome instability. 55LCC showed ATPase activity that was specifically enhanced by replication fork DNA and was coupled to cysteine protease-dependent cleavage of replisome substrates in response to replication fork damage. These findings define 55LCC-mediated proteostasis as critical for replication fork progression and genome stability and provide a rationale for pathogenic variants seen in associated human neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Martina Foglizzo
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robert L Dilley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
| | - Angela Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Parul Dutta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Lisa J Campbell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Oksana Degtjarik
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Musgrove
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antonio N Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Roger A Greenberg
- Department of Cancer Biology, Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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5
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Mishra J, Chakraborty S, Niharika, Roy A, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra SK. Mechanotransduction and epigenetic modulations of chromatin: Role of mechanical signals in gene regulation. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30531. [PMID: 38345428 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces may be generated within a cell due to tissue stiffness, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the changes (even subtle) in the cell's physical surroundings. These changes of forces impose a mechanical tension within the intracellular protein network (both cytosolic and nuclear). Mechanical tension could be released by a series of protein-protein interactions often facilitated by membrane lipids, lectins and sugar molecules and thus generate a type of signal to drive cellular processes, including cell differentiation, polarity, growth, adhesion, movement, and survival. Recent experimental data have accentuated the molecular mechanism of this mechanical signal transduction pathway, dubbed mechanotransduction. Mechanosensitive proteins in the cell's plasma membrane discern the physical forces and channel the information to the cell interior. Cells respond to the message by altering their cytoskeletal arrangement and directly transmitting the signal to the nucleus through the connection of the cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton before the information despatched to the nucleus by biochemical signaling pathways. Nuclear transmission of the force leads to the activation of chromatin modifiers and modulation of the epigenetic landscape, inducing chromatin reorganization and gene expression regulation; by the time chemical messengers (transcription factors) arrive into the nucleus. While significant research has been done on the role of mechanotransduction in tumor development and cancer progression/metastasis, the mechanistic basis of force-activated carcinogenesis is still enigmatic. Here, in this review, we have discussed the various cues and molecular connections to better comprehend the cellular mechanotransduction pathway, and we also explored the detailed role of some of the multiple players (proteins and macromolecular complexes) involved in mechanotransduction. Thus, we have described an avenue: how mechanical stress directs the epigenetic modifiers to modulate the epigenome of the cells and how aberrant stress leads to the cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samir K Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Kovács Z, Bajusz C, Szabó A, Borkúti P, Vedelek B, Benke R, Lipinszki Z, Kristó I, Vilmos P. A bipartite NLS motif mediates the nuclear import of Drosophila moesin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1206067. [PMID: 38450250 PMCID: PMC10915024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The ERM protein family, which consists of three closely related proteins in vertebrates, ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM), is an ancient and important group of cytoplasmic actin-binding and organizing proteins. With their FERM domain, ERMs bind various transmembrane proteins and anchor them to the actin cortex through their C-terminal F-actin binding domain, thus they are major regulators of actin dynamics in the cell. ERMs participate in many fundamental cellular processes, such as phagocytosis, microvilli formation, T-cell activation and tumor metastasis. We have previously shown that, besides its cytoplasmic activities, the single ERM protein of Drosophila melanogaster, moesin, is also present in the cell nucleus, where it participates in gene expression and mRNA export. Here we study the mechanism by which moesin enters the nucleus. We show that the nuclear import of moesin is an NLS-mediated, active process. The nuclear localization sequence of the moesin protein is an evolutionarily highly conserved, conventional bipartite motif located on the surface of the FERM domain. Our experiments also reveal that the nuclear import of moesin does not require PIP2 binding or protein activation, and occurs in monomeric form. We propose, that the balance between the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated protein pools determines the degree of nuclear import of moesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kovács
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bajusz
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Szabó
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Réka Benke
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, MTA SZBK Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Vilmos
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Moustafa A, Hashemi S, Brar G, Grigull J, Ng SHS, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G, McDermott JC. The MEF2A transcription factor interactome in cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:240. [PMID: 37019881 PMCID: PMC10076289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators encoded by the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) gene family play a fundamental role in cardiac development, homeostasis and pathology. Previous studies indicate that MEF2A protein-protein interactions serve as a network hub in several cardiomyocyte cellular processes. Based on the idea that interactions with regulatory protein partners underly the diverse roles of MEF2A in cardiomyocyte gene expression, we undertook a systematic unbiased screen of the MEF2A protein interactome in primary cardiomyocytes using an affinity purification-based quantitative mass spectrometry approach. Bioinformatic processing of the MEF2A interactome revealed protein networks involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, inflammatory responses, actin dynamics and stress signaling in primary cardiomyocytes. Further biochemical and functional confirmation of specific protein-protein interactions documented a dynamic interaction between MEF2A and STAT3 proteins. Integration of transcriptome level data from MEF2A and STAT3-depleted cardiomyocytes reveals that the balance between MEF2A and STAT3 activity exerts a level of executive control over the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte cell survival and experimentally ameliorates Phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Lastly, we identified several MEF2A/STAT3 co-regulated genes, including the MMP9 gene. Herein, we document the cardiomyocyte MEF2A interactome, which furthers our understanding of protein networks involved in the hierarchical control of normal and pathophysiological cardiomyocyte gene expression in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Seneca College, School of Health Sciences, King City, ON, L7B 1B3, Canada
| | - Gurnoor Brar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jörg Grigull
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Siemon H S Ng
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Analytical Development, Notch Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Korkmazhan E, Dunn AR. The membrane-actin linker ezrin acts as a sliding anchor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2779. [PMID: 35930643 PMCID: PMC9355349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein linkages to filamentous (F)-actin provide the cell membrane with mechanical stability and support intricate membrane architectures. However, the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid changes in shape during cell motility and other processes. The molecular mechanisms that generate a mechanically robust yet fluid connection between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here, we adapted a single-molecule optical trap assay to examine how the prototypical membrane-actin linker ezrin acts to anchor F-actin to the cell membrane. We find that ezrin forms a complex that slides along F-actin over micrometer distances while resisting detachment by forces oriented perpendicular to the filament axis. The ubiquity of ezrin and analogous proteins suggests that sliding anchors such as ezrin may constitute an important but overlooked element in the construction of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Corresponding author.
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Ancient Origins of Cytoskeletal Crosstalk: Spectraplakin-like Proteins Precede the Emergence of Cortical Microtubule Stabilization Complexes as Crosslinkers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105594. [PMID: 35628404 PMCID: PMC9145010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the prerequisites for multicellularity, motility, and tissue specialization. Focal adhesions (FAs) are defined as protein complexes that mediate signals from the ECM to major components of the cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments), and their mutual communication determines a variety of cellular processes. In this study, human cytoskeletal crosstalk proteins were identified by comparing datasets with experimentally determined cytoskeletal proteins. The spectraplakin dystonin was the only protein found in all datasets. Other proteins (FAK, RAC1, septin 9, MISP, and ezrin) were detected at the intersections of FAs, microtubules, and actin cytoskeleton. Homology searches for human crosstalk proteins as queries were performed against a predefined dataset of proteomes. This analysis highlighted the importance of FA communication with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, as these crosstalk proteins exhibit the highest degree of evolutionary conservation. Finally, phylogenetic analyses elucidated the early evolutionary history of spectraplakins and cortical microtubule stabilization complexes (CMSCs) as model representatives of the human cytoskeletal crosstalk. While spectraplakins probably arose at the onset of opisthokont evolution, the crosstalk between FAs and microtubules is associated with the emergence of metazoans. The multiprotein complexes contributing to cytoskeletal crosstalk in animals gradually gained in complexity from the onset of metazoan evolution.
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10
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Dudiki T, Mahajan G, Liu H, Zhevlakova I, Bertagnolli C, Nascimento DW, Kothapalli CR, Byzova TV. Kindlin3 regulates biophysical properties and mechanics of membrane to cortex attachment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4003-4018. [PMID: 33783564 PMCID: PMC11071771 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Kindlin3 (K3), a FERM domain containing protein expressed in hematopoietic cells controls integrin activation and thus hemostatic and inflammatory responses. However, its role in the mechanics of plasma membrane remains unclear. Here, we show that genetic knockout of K3 in microglia and macrophages resulted in defective plasma membrane tension and membrane blebbing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of K3-deficient cells revealed a significant loss in membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA), and consequently reduced membrane tension. This loss in MCA is amplified by the mislocalization of the cell cortex proteins-ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM)-to the plasma membrane of microglia and macrophages. Re-expression of K3 in K3-deficient macrophages rescued the defects and localization of ERMs implying a key role for K3 in MCA. Analysis of two K3 mutants, K3int affecting integrin binding and activation, and K3pxn/act disrupting binding to paxillin and actin but not integrin functions, demonstrated that the role of K3 in membrane mechanics is separate from integrin activation. The K3pxn/act mutant substantially diminished both membrane tension and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation to the nucleus, while preserving integrin activation, cell spreading, and migration. Together, our results show that K3 coordinates membrane mechanics, ERM protein recruitment to the membrane, and YAP translocation by linking integrin at the membrane to paxillin and actin of the cytoskeleton. This novel function of K3 is distinct from its role in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejasvi Dudiki
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gautam Mahajan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Irina Zhevlakova
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Chase Bertagnolli
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | | | - Chandrasekhar R Kothapalli
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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11
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Ros-Rocher N, Pérez-Posada A, Leger MM, Ruiz-Trillo I. The origin of animals: an ancestral reconstruction of the unicellular-to-multicellular transition. Open Biol 2021; 11:200359. [PMID: 33622103 PMCID: PMC8061703 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How animals evolved from a single-celled ancestor, transitioning from a unicellular lifestyle to a coordinated multicellular entity, remains a fascinating question. Key events in this transition involved the emergence of processes related to cell adhesion, cell–cell communication and gene regulation. To understand how these capacities evolved, we need to reconstruct the features of both the last common multicellular ancestor of animals and the last unicellular ancestor of animals. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the characterization of these ancestors, inferred by comparative genomic analyses between the earliest branching animals and those radiating later, and between animals and their closest unicellular relatives. We also provide an updated hypothesis regarding the transition to animal multicellularity, which was likely gradual and involved the use of gene regulatory mechanisms in the emergence of early developmental and morphogenetic plans. Finally, we discuss some new avenues of research that will complement these studies in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Ros-Rocher
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Pérez-Posada
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide), Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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12
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Bajusz C, Kristó I, Abonyi C, Venit T, Vedelek V, Lukácsovich T, Farkas A, Borkúti P, Kovács Z, Bajusz I, Marton A, Vizler C, Lipinszki Z, Sinka R, Percipalle P, Vilmos P. The nuclear activity of the actin-binding Moesin protein is necessary for gene expression in Drosophila. FEBS J 2021; 288:4812-4832. [PMID: 33606336 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins play an essential role in the cytoplasm by cross-linking actin filaments with plasma membrane proteins. Research has identified the nuclear localization of ERMs, as well as the involvement of a single Drosophila ERM protein, Moesin, in nuclear mRNA exports. However, the question of how important the nuclear activity of ERM proteins are for the life of an organism has so far not been explored. Here, we present the first attempt to reveal the in vivo relevance of nuclear localization of Moesin in Drosophila. With the help of a nuclear export signal, we decreased the amount of Moesin in the nuclei of the animals. Furthermore, we observed various developmental defects, demonstrating the importance of ERM function in the nucleus for the first time. Transcriptome analysis of the mutant flies revealed that the lack of nuclear Moesin function leads to expression changes in nearly 700 genes, among them heat-shock genes. This result together with additional findings revealed that in Drosophila the expression of protein chaperones requires the nuclear functions of Moesin. DATABASE: GEO accession number: GSE155778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Bajusz
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kristó
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Abonyi
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomáš Venit
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Attila Farkas
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Borkúti
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Izabella Bajusz
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Marton
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lipinszki
- Lendület Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, ELKH, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Sinka
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Péter Vilmos
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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