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Sato T, Aoki T, Ito Y, Oishi K, Fujishima M, Okumura E, Ishii K. Effects of continuous supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the cardiac autonomic function of community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests: a randomized controlled trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1336676. [PMID: 38525193 PMCID: PMC10957529 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic function (CAF) decreases with aging, and Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) consumption reportedly induces anti-stress effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous supplementation of ASH on CAF during resting and standing tests in the elderly population. Methods This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the morning in a laboratory setting and was carried out between June 2017 and July 2017 at Kambaikan, Doshisha University (Karasuma-higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8580, Japan). In total, 28 community-dwelling elderly individuals (mean ± standard deviation = 72.5 ± 4.5 years) were included. Each subject was instructed to consume ASH or placebo supplements twice daily for 4 weeks. An autonomic reflex orthostatic tolerance recorder was used to measure CAF in pre- and post-intervention phases. Parameters were measured in a seated position and included coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVRR), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR). Changes in each parameter were evaluated before and after standing. All parameters were defined as the difference between the mean value obtained in a standing position for 2 min and that obtained in a 2-min seated position. Results A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant group-time interaction effect on CVRR, HF, and ΔLF/HF ratio. Following the intervention, CVRR, HF, LF/HF ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), HR, ΔLF/HF ratio, ΔSBP, and ΔHR improved significantly in the ASH group only. Conclusions Four-week supplementation of ASH improved CAF in community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests. Clinical Trial Registration https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031218, UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000027251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Sato
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
| | - Takumi Aoki
- Faculty of Education, Miyagi Gakuin Women’s University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kan Oishi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
| | | | | | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
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2
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A. Shirsath M, O'Connor JD, Boyle R, Newman L, Knight SP, Hernandez B, Whelan R, Meaney JF, Kenny RA. Slower speed of blood pressure recovery after standing is associated with accelerated brain aging: Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100212. [PMID: 38445293 PMCID: PMC10912350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Impaired recovery of blood pressure (BP) in response to standing up is a prevalent condition in older individuals. We evaluated the relationship between the early recovery of hemodynamic responses to standing and brain health in adults over 50. Methods Participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) (n=411; age 67.6 ± 7.3 years; 53.4 % women) performed an active stand challenge while blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored. The recovery of these parameters was determined as the slope of the BP and HR response, following the initial drop/rise after standing. We have previously reported a novel and validated measure of brain ageing using MRI data, which measures the difference between biological brain age and chronological age, providing a brain-predicted age difference (brainPAD) score. Results Slower recovery of systolic and diastolic BP was found to be significantly associated with higher brainPAD scores (i.e., biologically older brains), where a one-year increase in brainPAD was associated with a decrease of 0.02 mmHg/s and 0.01 mmHg/s in systolic and diastolic BP recovery, respectively, after standing. Heart rate (HR) recovery was not significantly associated with brainPAD score. Conclusion These results demonstrate that slower systolic and diastolic BP recovery in the early phase after standing is associated with accelerated brain aging in older individuals. This suggests that the BP response to standing, measured using beat-to-beat monitoring, has the potential to be used as a marker of accelerated brain aging, relying on a simple procedure and devices that are easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana A. Shirsath
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
| | - John D. O'Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
- School of Engineering, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rory Boyle
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
| | - Silvin P. Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
| | - Belinda Hernandez
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
| | - Robert Whelan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F. Meaney
- National Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of, Ireland
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Left ventricular mechanical, cardiac autonomic and metabolic responses to a single session of high intensity interval training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:383-394. [PMID: 34738196 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) produces significant health benefits. However, the acute physiological responses to HIIT are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to measure the acute cardiac autonomic, haemodynamic, metabolic and left ventricular mechanical responses to a single HIIT session. METHODS Fifty young, healthy participants completed a single HIIT session, comprising of three 30-s maximal exercise intervals on a cycle ergometer, interspersed with 2-min active recovery. Cardiac autonomics, haemodynamics and metabolic variables were measured pre-, during and post-HIIT. Conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography was used to record standard and tissue Doppler measures of left ventricular (LV) structure, function and mechanics pre- and post-HIIT. RESULTS Following a single HIIT session, there was significant post-exercise systolic hypotension (126 ± 13 to 111 ± 10 mmHg, p < 0.05), parallel to a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance (1640 ± 365 to 639 ± 177 dyne⋅s⋅cm5, p < 0.001) and significant increases in baroreceptor reflex sensitivity and baroreceptor effectiveness index (9.2 ± 11 to 24.8 ± 16.7 ms⋅mmHg-1 and 41.8 ± 28 to 68.8 ± 16.2, respectively) during recovery compared to baseline. There was also a significant increase in the low- to high-frequency heart rate variability ratio in recovery (0.7 ± 0.48 to 1.7 ± 1, p < 0.001) and significant improvements in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (- 18.3 ± 1.2% to - 29.2 ± 2.3%, p < 0.001), and myocardial twist mechanics (1.27 ± 0.72 to 1.98 ± 0.72°·cm-1, p = 0.028) post-HIIT compared to baseline. CONCLUSION A single HIIT session is associated with acute improvements in autonomic modulation, haemodynamic cardiovascular control and left ventricular function, structure and mechanics. The acute responses to HIIT provide crucial mechanistic information, which may have significant acute and chronic clinical implications.
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O'Connor JD, O'Connell MDL, Romero-Ortuno R, Hernández B, Newman L, Reilly RB, Kenny RA, Knight SP. Functional Analysis of Continuous, High-Resolution Measures in Aging Research: A Demonstration Using Cerebral Oxygenation Data From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:261. [PMID: 32765238 PMCID: PMC7379867 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A shift towards the dynamic measurement of physiologic resilience and improved technology incorporated into experimental paradigms in aging research is producing high-resolution data. Identifying the most appropriate analysis method for this type of data is a challenge. In this work, the functional principal component analysis (fPCA) was employed to demonstrate a data-driven approach to the analysis of high-resolution data in aging research. Methods: Cerebral oxygenation during standing was measured in a large cohort [The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA)]. FPCA was performed on tissue saturation index (TSI) data. A regression analysis was then conducted with the functional principal component (fPC) scores as the explanatory variables and transition time as the response. Results: The mean ± SD age of the analysis sample was 64 ± 8 years. Females made up 54% of the sample and overall, 43% had tertiary education. The first PC explained 96% of the variance in cerebral oxygenation upon standing and was related to a baseline shift. Subsequent components described the recovery to before-stand levels (fPC2), drop magnitude and initial recovery (fPC3 and fPC4) as well as a temporal shift in the location of the minimum TSI value (fPC5). Transition time was associated with components describing the magnitude and timing of the nadir. Conclusions: Application of fPCA showed utility in reducing a large amount of data to a small number of parameters which summarize the inter-participant variation in TSI upon standing. A demonstration of principal component regression was provided to allow for continued use and development of data-driven approaches to high-resolution data analysis in aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew D L O'Connell
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Romero-Ortuno
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Belinda Hernández
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louise Newman
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard B Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvin P Knight
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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O'Connor JD, O'Connell MDL, Nolan H, Newman L, Knight SP, Kenny RA. Impact of Standing Speed on the Peripheral and Central Hemodynamic Response to Orthostasis: Evidence From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Hypertension 2019; 75:524-531. [PMID: 31838912 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular response to standing has prognostic value for a range of outcomes in the older adult population. Studies generally attempt to control for standing speed differences by asking participants to stand in a specified time but little is known about the range of transition times observed. This study aimed to characterize how standing speed associates with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular measures following transition from supine to standing. Continuous cerebral oxygenation, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored for 3 minutes after transitioning from supine to standing. An algorithm was used to calculate the time taken to transition from existing Finometer data (from the height correction unit). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the influence of transition time on each of the signals while adjusting for covariates. Transition time ranged from 2 to 27 s with 17% of participants taking >10 s to stand. Faster transition was associated with a more extreme decrease 10 s after standing but improved recovery at 20 s for cerebral oxygenation and blood pressure. Standing faster was associated with an elevated heart rate on initiation of stand and a quicker recovery 10 to 20 s after standing. The speed of transitioning from supine to standing position is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular response in the early period after standing (<40 s). Care should be taken in the interpretation of findings which may be confounded by standing speed and statistical adjustment for standing time should be applied where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Connor
- From Department of Medical Gerontology, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland (J.D.O., H.N., L.N., S.P.K., R.A.K.)
| | | | - Hugh Nolan
- From Department of Medical Gerontology, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland (J.D.O., H.N., L.N., S.P.K., R.A.K.)
| | - Louise Newman
- From Department of Medical Gerontology, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland (J.D.O., H.N., L.N., S.P.K., R.A.K.)
| | - Silvin P Knight
- From Department of Medical Gerontology, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland (J.D.O., H.N., L.N., S.P.K., R.A.K.)
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- From Department of Medical Gerontology, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland (J.D.O., H.N., L.N., S.P.K., R.A.K.)
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Mol A, Reijnierse EM, Trappenburg MC, van Wezel RJA, Maier AB, Meskers CGM. Rapid Systolic Blood Pressure Changes After Standing Up Associate With Impaired Physical Performance in Geriatric Outpatients. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010060. [PMID: 30608209 PMCID: PMC6404215 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Orthostatic hypotension is a prevalent condition in older adults and is associated with impaired physical performance and falls. The ability of older adults to compensate for rapid changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP; ie, SBP decline rate and SBP variability) may be important for physical performance. This study investigates the association of rapid SBP changes after standing up with physical performance. Methods and Results Consecutive patients who visited the Center of Geriatrics Amsterdam in 2014 and 2015 were included. The following SBP parameters were computed in 2 intervals (0–15 and 15–180 seconds) after standing up: steepness of steepest SBP decline; ratio of standing/supine SBP variability; and magnitude of largest SBP decline. Physical performance was assessed using the following measures: chair stand time, timed up and go time, walking speed, handgrip strength, and tandem stance performance. A total of 109 patients (45% men; age, mean, 81.7 years [standard deviation, 7.0 years]) were included. Steepness of steepest SBP decline (0–15 seconds) was associated with slower chair stand time (P<0.001), timed up and go time (P=0.022), and walking speed (P=0.024). Ratio of standing/supine SBP variability (0–15 seconds) was associated with slower chair stand time (P=0.005). Magnitude of largest SBP decline was not associated with physical performance. Conclusions SBP parameters reflecting rapid SBP changes were more strongly associated with physical performance compared with SBP decline magnitude in geriatric outpatients. These results support the hypothesis of an inadequate cerebral autoregulation during rapid SBP changes and advocate the use of continuous blood pressure measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Mol
- 1 Department of Human Movement Sciences @AgeAmsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.,2 Department of Biophysics Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Esmee M Reijnierse
- 3 Department of Medicine and Aged Care @AgeMelbourne The Royal Melbourne Hospital The University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Marijke C Trappenburg
- 4 Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics Department of Internal Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.,5 Department of Internal Medicine Amstelland Hospital Amstelveen the Netherlands
| | - Richard J A van Wezel
- 2 Department of Biophysics Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen the Netherlands.,6 Biomedical Signals and Systems Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- 1 Department of Human Movement Sciences @AgeAmsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.,3 Department of Medicine and Aged Care @AgeMelbourne The Royal Melbourne Hospital The University of Melbourne Australia
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- 1 Department of Human Movement Sciences @AgeAmsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands.,7 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine VU University Medical Center Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
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7
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Mol A, Woltering JHH, Colier WNJM, Maier AB, Meskers CGM, van Wezel RJA. Sensitivity and reliability of cerebral oxygenation responses to postural changes measured with near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1117-1125. [PMID: 30771059 PMCID: PMC6469633 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cerebral oxygenation as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) might be useful to discriminate between physiological and pathological responses after standing up in individuals with orthostatic hypotension. This study addressed the physiological sensitivity of the cerebral oxygenation responses as measured by NIRS to different types and speeds of postural changes in healthy adults and assessed the reliability of these responses. Methods Cerebral oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) and tissue saturation index (TSI) were measured bilaterally on the forehead of 15 healthy individuals (12 male, age range 18–27) using NIRS. Participants performed three repeats of sit to stand, and slow and rapid supine to stand movements. Responses were defined as the difference between mean, minimum and maximum O2Hb, HHb and TSI values after standing up and baseline. Test–retest, interobserver and intersensor reliabilities were addressed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results The minimum O2Hb response was most sensitive to postural changes and showed significant differences (− 4.09 µmol/L, p < 0.001) between standing up from sitting and supine position, but not between standing up at different speeds (− 0.31 µmol/L, p = 0.70). The minimum O2Hb response was the most reliable parameter (ICC > 0.6). Conclusions In healthy individuals, NIRS-based cerebral oxygenation parameters are sensitive to postural change and discriminate between standing up from supine and sitting position with minimum O2Hb response as the most sensitive and reliable parameter. The results underpin the potential value for future clinical use of NIRS in individuals with orthostatic hypotension. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-019-04101-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Mol
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeffrey H H Woltering
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, City Campus, Level 6 North, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J A van Wezel
- Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Zuidhorst Building, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Assessment of cerebral autoregulation using continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy during squat-stand maneuvers in subjects with symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13257. [PMID: 30185974 PMCID: PMC6125591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic lightheadedness in healthy young adults often leads to syncope in severe cases. One suggested underlying mechanism of orthostatic lightheadedness is a drop in transient blood pressure (BP); however, a decrease in BP does not always lead to a drop in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to cerebral autoregulation (CA). We present a direct assessment method of CA using a multichannel continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) device that measures the temporal changes in oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex. Twenty healthy young adults were recruited. During the experiment, continuous beat-to-beat BP and heart rate were simultaneously measured during repetitive squat-stand maneuvers. We introduce a new metric termed 'time-derivative hemodynamic model (DHbT)', which is the time-derivative of total-hemoglobin concentration change that reflects the changes of cerebral blood volume and CBF. Although the absolute levels and the variations of systolic and diastolic BPs and mean arterial pressure showed no significant difference between the two groups, the proposed model showed a distinct difference in slope variation and response time of DHbT between the subjects with frequent symptom of orthostatic intolerance and the healthy control subjects. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of using CW-NIRS devices as a CA performance assessment tool.
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Silva RMFLD, Miranda CEDS, Barbosa MT, Bicalho MAC. Heart Rate and its Variability Assessed by Spectral Analysis in Elderly Subjects with Orthostatic Hypotension: A Case-Control Study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:303-311. [PMID: 29561965 PMCID: PMC5941951 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) increases with age and is associated with changes in autonomic regulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). OBJECTIVE to assess HR and HR variability (HRV) in elderly subjects with OH and determine OH predictors. METHODS a total of 105 patients aged ≥ 60 years, 39 with OH (case group) and 66 without OH (control group) (age-matched) were studied. Patients underwent clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, biochemistry tests and Holter monitoring for spectral analysis of HRV (Fourier transform) in the supine and orthostatism positions to identify low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components, as well as the LF/HF ratio. RESULTS median age was 73.0 years, 64 patients were women. In all participants, there was a reduction in HF (133.0 versus 76.0 ms2, p = 0.001) and increase in LF/HF (1.6 vs 2.1; p < 0.001) and no change in LF (233.0 versus 218.0 ms2, p = 0.080). Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in the median values of HR in the supine position (62.0 vs. 69.0 bpm, p = 0.001) and LF in the supine position (157.0 in case group vs. 275.0 ms2 in the control group, p = 0.014). Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.27 was found between the groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that HR in the supine position was an independent variable for OH (p = 0.001- 95%CI = -0.022 and -0.006). Using the operating characteristic curve, the best cutoff point was 61 bpm, with a sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 51.3%, positive predictive value of 61.3%, and negative predictive value 69.3%. Odds ratio was 3.23 for OH in patients with a HR lower than 61 bpm. CONCLUSIONS lower LF and HR in the supine position were found in patients with OH, regardless of age and gender. The independent predictor for OH was HR in the supine position, with an odds ratio of 3.23 for values lower than 61 bpm.
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Sannino G, Melillo P, Stranges S, De Pietro G, Pecchia L. Blood Pressure Drop Prediction by using HRV Measurements in Orthostatic Hypotension. J Med Syst 2015; 39:143. [PMID: 26345451 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Orthostatic Hypotension is defined as a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing, and may cause dizziness and loss of balance. Orthostatic Hypotension has been considered an important risk factor for falls since 1960. This paper presents a model to predict the systolic blood pressure drop due to orthostatic hypotension, relying on heart rate variability measurements extracted from 5 minute ECGs recorded before standing. This model was developed and validated with the leave-one-out cross-validation technique involving 10 healthy subjects, and finally tested with an additional 5 healthy subjects, whose data were not used during the training and cross-validation process. The results show that the model predicts correctly the systolic blood pressure drop in 80 % of all experiments, with an error rate below the measurement error of a sphygmomanometer digital device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sannino
- Institute of High Performance Computing and Networking (ICAR - CNR), via pietro castellino, 111-80131, Naples, Italy,
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11
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Goeres LM, Williams CD, Eckstrom E, Lee DSH. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in older adults: a systematic review. Drugs Aging 2015; 31:897-910. [PMID: 25323058 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-014-0219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension increases with increasing age. Optimal treatment of hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular disease. Recent guidelines for hypertension have made recommendations for older adults but are supported by evidence that includes younger individuals. This systematic review evaluates the benefits and harms of antihypertensive agents in adults aged ≥65 years. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies from 1996 to 2014. Eligible studies included participants aged ≥65 years with hypertension. Eligible studies had clearly defined treatment assignments, blood pressure (BP) targets, and evaluated endpoints of cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and/or harms of antihypertensive medications. We abstracted study characteristics, cardiovascular benefits, and harms. RESULTS Thirty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies compared different antihypertensive agents and/or placebo groups. These studies consistently demonstrated reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality compared with no treatment. Seven studies examined optimal BP targets. Strict control [systolic BP (SBP)<140 mmHg] was not consistently better than mild control (SBP<150 mmHg) for adults aged ≥65 years. Mild SBP control benefitted subjects in all age ranges over 65 years. Few studies assessed and explicitly reported harms. CONCLUSIONS In this review, older adults with hypertension had decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with antihypertensives compared with no treatment. Strict control was not consistently better than mild control in older adults. There was enormous heterogeneity in these studies, and reporting of harms stratified by age is lacking. The current evidence is insufficient to determine the safest, most beneficial hypertension regimen in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Goeres
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA,
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Annweiler C, Schott AM, Rolland Y, Beauchet O. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with orthostatic hypotension in oldest-old women. J Intern Med 2014; 276:285-95. [PMID: 24444004 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthostatic hypotension, a condition that mostly affects 'oldest-old' (i.e. ≥80 years) adults, is primarily explained by age-related dysfunction of blood pressure control. Vitamin D may contribute to blood pressure control. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with orthostatic hypotension in oldest-old adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis at baseline of the EPIDOS study. SETTING Five French areas. PARTICIPANTS A total of 329 community-dwelling oldest-old women (mean age 83.3 ± 0.2 years). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a systolic blood pressure drop of ≥20 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure drop of ≥10 mmHg within 3 min of standing. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration ≤10 ng mL(-1) . Covariates included in the models were age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, supine mean arterial pressure, number of drugs taken per day, use of antihypertensive or psychoactive drugs, cognition, quadriceps strength, current smoking, alcohol consumption, serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcium and creatinine and season of testing. RESULTS Diastolic orthostatic hypotension was observed more often among women with vitamin D deficiency (19.2%) compared to those without (10.0%; P = 0.03). There was an inverse linear association between 25OHD concentration and change in diastolic blood pressure after 3 min of standing (adjusted β = -0.07, P = 0.046). Similarly, 25OHD deficiency was associated with orthostatic hypotension [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.36, P = 0.004], specifically with diastolic orthostatic hypotension (adjusted OR 3.81, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS 25OHD deficiency was associated with orthostatic hypotension in oldest-old women, due to a greater drop in diastolic blood pressure on standing. This finding may lead to better understanding of the pathophysiology of falls in oldest-old adults with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; UPRES EA4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Evaluation of mental stress by physiological indices derived from finger plethysmography. J Physiol Anthropol 2013; 32:17. [PMID: 24119254 PMCID: PMC3854451 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-32-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative evaluation of mental stress is important to prevent stress-related disorders. Finger plethysmography (FPG) is a simple noninvasive method to monitor peripheral circulation, and provides many physiological indices. Our purpose is to investigate how FPG-derived indices reflect on mental stress, and to clarify any association between these physiological indices and subjective indices of mental stress. Methods Thirty-one healthy women (mean age, 22 years ± 2) participated. The participants rested by sitting on a chair for 10 min. They then performed a computerized version of the Stroop color-word conflict test (CWT) for 10 min. Finally, they rested for 10 min. FPG was recorded throughout the experiment. The participants completed a brief form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire before and after the test. Using the FPG data, we conducted chaos analysis and fast Fourier transform analysis, and calculated chaotic attractors, the largest Lyapunov exponent, a high-frequency (HF) component, a low-to-high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, finger pulse rate and finger pulse wave amplitude. Results The HF component decreased and the LF/HF ratio increased significantly during the test (P < 0.01), while the confusion subscale of POMS increased after the test (P < 0.05). During testing, finger pulse rate significantly increased (P < 0.001), and the finger pulse wave amplitude decreased (P < 0.001). The attractor size reduced during testing and returned to a baseline level afterwards. Although the largest Lyapunov exponent showed no significant change during testing, significant negative correlation with the tension-anxiety subscale of POMS was observed at the beginning (P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between the LF/HF ratio and two subscales was also observed in the beginning and middle of the test (P < 0.05). There were no correlations during the rest periods. Conclusions The physiological indices derived from FPG were changed by mental stress. Our findings indicate that FPG is one of the easiest methods to evaluate mental stress quantitatively. In particular, the largest Lyapunov exponent and the LF/HF ratio might be associated with acute mental stress. Farther examination is needed to find any association between the physiological indices and various types of mental stress.
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Alagiakrishnan K, Patel K, Desai RV, Ahmed MB, Fonarow GC, Forman DE, White M, Aban IB, Love TE, Aronow WS, Allman RM, Anker SD, Ahmed A. Orthostatic hypotension and incident heart failure in community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:223-30. [PMID: 23846416 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of orthostatic hypotension with incident heart failure (HF) in older adults. METHODS Of the 5,273 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older free of baseline prevalent HF in the Cardiovascular Health Study, 937 (18%) had orthostatic hypotension, defined as ≥20 mmHg drop in systolic or ≥10 mmHg drop in diastolic blood pressure from supine to standing position at 3 minutes. Of the 937, 184 (20%) had symptoms of dizziness upon standing and were considered to have symptomatic orthostatic hypotension. Propensity scores for orthostatic hypotension were estimated for each of the 5,273 participants and were used to assemble a cohort of 3,510 participants (883 participants with and 2,627 participants without orthostatic hypotension) who were balanced on 40 baseline characteristics. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of orthostatic hypotension with centrally adjudicated incident HF and other outcomes during 13 years of follow-up. RESULTS Participants (n = 3,510) had a mean (±standard deviation) age of 74 (±6) years, 58% were women, and 15% nonwhite. Incident HF occurred in 25% and 21% of matched participants with and without orthostatic hypotension, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.45; p = .007). Among matched participants, hazard ratios for incident HF associated with symptomatic (n = 173) and asymptomatic (n = 710) orthostatic hypotension were 1.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.11; p = .003) and 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.39; p = .069), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling older adults with orthostatic hypotension have higher independent risk of developing new-onset HF, which appeared to be more pronounced in those with symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, CH-19, Suite 219, Birmingham, AL 35294-2041, USA.
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Advanced Chronic Venous Insufficiency is Associated with Increased Calf Muscle Deoxygenation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39:787-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yamaki T, Nozaki M, Sakurai H, Kikuchi Y, Soejima K, Kono T, Hamahata A, Kim K. Prognostic impact of calf muscle near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1506-13. [PMID: 19552633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk factors that affect the development of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) are not fully recognized, and it is difficult to reliably predict which patients are likely to develop PTS in acute phase of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). AIMS To investigate changes in calf muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) levels after DVT, and to determine the indicative parameters reflecting the progression of PTS. METHODS Seventy-six consecutive patients with a first episode of unilateral DVT were prospectively enrolled. Clinical manifestations were categorized according to the CEAP (Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomical, and Pathophysiologic) classification, and the patients were divided into no-PTS (C(0-3)E(s),A(s,d,p),P(r,o)) and PTS (C(4-6)E(s),A(s,d,p),P(r,o)) groups. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to measure calf muscle HHb levels at 6 months after diagnosis of DVT. The calf venous blood filling index (HHbFI) was calculated on standing, and the venous ejection index and the venous retention index (HHbRI) were then obtained after exercise. All patients were followed up for more than 24 months after the diagnosis of DVT. RESULTS Of 76 patients evaluated, 20 (26.3%) had PTS. The NIRS-derived HHbFI and HHbRI were significantly increased in patients who developed PTS in comparison with those who did not (P = 0.04 and P = 0.0001, respectively). HHbRI was significantly increased in patients with iliofemoral DVT in comparison with patients with calf DVT (P = 0.041). An optimal cut-off point of 2.9 for HHbRI showed the strongest ability to predict the development of PTS, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 82.1%. CONCLUSIONS HHbRI as measured by NIRS is significantly increased in patients with iliofemoral DVT as compared with those with calf DVT. Furthermore, HHbRI > 2.9 is a strong predictor of the development of PTS at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Peng T, Ainslie PN, Cotter JD, Murrell C, Thomas K, Williams MJA, George K, Shave R, Rowley AB, Payne SJ. The effects of age on the spontaneous low-frequency oscillations in cerebral and systemic cardiovascular dynamics. Physiol Meas 2008; 29:1055-69. [PMID: 18756026 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/29/9/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of ageing on cardiovascular control and particularly the response to orthostatic stress have been the subject of many studies, the interaction between the cardiovascular and cerebral regulation mechanisms is still not fully understood. Wavelet cross-correlation is used here to assess the coupling and synchronization between low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) observed in cerebral hemodynamics, as measured using cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and cerebral oxygenation (O2Hb), and systemic cardiovascular dynamics, as measured using heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), in both old and young healthy subjects undergoing head-up tilt table testing. Statistically significant increases in correlation values are found in the interaction of cerebral and cardiovascular LFOs for young subjects (P<0.01 for HR-ABP, P<0.001 for HR-O2Hb and ABP-O2Hb), but not in old subjects under orthostatic stress. The coupling between the cerebrovascular and wider cardiovascular systems in response to orthostatic stress thus appears to be impaired with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingying Peng
- Department of Engineering Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Demura S, Yamaji S, Kitabashi T, Yamada T, Uchiyama M. Effects of room temperature and body position change on cerebral blood volume and center-of-foot pressure in healthy young adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2008; 27:63-70. [PMID: 18379163 DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.27.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of room temperature and body position changes on cerebral blood volume, blood pressure and center-of-foot pressure (COP). Cerebral oxygenation kinetics and blood pressure were measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and volume-compensation, respectively, in 9 males and 9 females after rapid standing from sitting and supine positions in low (12 degrees C) or normal (22 degrees C) room temperatures. COP was also measured in a static standing posture for 90 s after rapid standing. The total hemoglobin (Hb) decreased just after standing. Blood pressure after standing at normal temperature tended to decrease immediately but at low temperature tended to decrease slightly and then to increase greatly. The decreasing ratio of total Hb and blood pressure upon standing from a supine position at normal room temperatures was the largest of any condition. Total Hb recovered to a fixed level approximately 25 sec after standing from a sitting position and approximately 35 sec after standing from a supine position. All COP parameters after standing tended to change markedly in the supine position compared to the sitting position, especially at normal temperatures. The COP parameters after standing in any condition were not significantly related to the decreasing ratio of total Hb but were related to the recovery time of total Hb after standing. In conclusion, decreasing ratios of total Hb and blood pressure after standing from a supine position at normal temperatures were large and may affect body sway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Demura
- Department of Physical Education, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Rowley AB, Payne SJ, Tachtsidis I, Ebden MJ, Whiteley JP, Gavaghan DJ, Tarassenko L, Smith M, Elwell CE, Delpy DT. Synchronization between arterial blood pressure and cerebral oxyhaemoglobin concentration investigated by wavelet cross-correlation. Physiol Meas 2006; 28:161-73. [PMID: 17237588 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/28/2/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Wavelet cross-correlation (WCC) is used to analyse the relationship between low-frequency oscillations in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measured cerebral oxyhaemoglobin (O(2)Hb) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in patients suffering from autonomic failure and age-matched controls. Statistically significant differences are found in the wavelet scale of maximum cross-correlation upon posture change in patients, but not in controls. We propose that WCC analysis of the relationship between O(2)Hb and MAP provides a useful method of investigating the dynamics of cerebral autoregulation using the spontaneous low-frequency oscillations that are typically observed in both variables without having to make the assumption of stationarity of the time series. It is suggested that for a short-duration clinical test previous transfer-function-based approaches to analyse this relationship may suffer due to the inherent nonstationarity of low-frequency oscillations that are observed in the resting brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Rowley
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Davis R. Postural syncope after marijuana: a transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75:309-18. [PMID: 12873621 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine volunteers participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Cerebral blood velocity (CBV), pulse rate, blood pressure (BP), skin perfusion (SP) on forehead and plasma delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels were quantified during reclining and standing for 10 min before and after THC infusions and marijuana smoking. Both THC and marijuana induced postural dizziness, with 28% reporting severe symptoms. Intoxication and dizziness peaked immediately after drug. The severe dizziness group showed the most marked postural drop in CBV and BP and showed a drop in pulse rate after an initial increase during standing. Postural dizziness was unrelated to plasma levels of THC and other indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J Mathew
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 800 West 4th Street, Odessa, TX 79763, USA.
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