1
|
Espino-Gonzalez E, Dalbram E, Mounier R, Gondin J, Farup J, Jessen N, Treebak JT. Impaired skeletal muscle regeneration in diabetes: From cellular and molecular mechanisms to novel treatments. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1204-1236. [PMID: 38490209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes represents a major public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and healthcare expenditures. It is now well established that diabetes is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology that limits functional capacity and quality of life. Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes is also one of the most prevalent disorders characterized by impaired skeletal muscle regeneration, yet underlying mechanisms and therapeutic treatments remain poorly established. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular alterations currently known to occur during skeletal muscle regeneration in people with diabetes and animal models of diabetes, including its associated comorbidities, e.g., obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. We describe the role of myogenic and non-myogenic cell types on muscle regeneration in conditions with or without diabetes. Therapies for skeletal muscle regeneration and gaps in our knowledge are also discussed, while proposing future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ever Espino-Gonzalez
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Emilie Dalbram
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, Inserm U1315, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prado CM, Batsis JA, Donini LM, Gonzalez MC, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:261-277. [PMID: 38321142 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is characterized by a concurrent decline in muscle mass and function, along with increased adipose tissue. Sarcopenic obesity is a growing concern in older adults owing to significant health consequences, including implications for mortality, comorbidities and risk of developing geriatric syndromes. A 2022 consensus statement established a new definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity. The pathophysiology of this condition involves a complex interplay between muscle, adipose tissue, hormonal changes, inflammation, oxidative stress and lifestyle factors, among others. Sarcopenic obesity is treated with a range of management approaches, such as lifestyle interventions, exercise, nutrition and medical therapies. Emerging therapies that were developed for treating other conditions may be relevant to sarcopenic obesity, including novel pharmacological agents and personalized approaches such as precision medicine. In this Review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the clinical importance of sarcopenic obesity, its assessment and diagnosis, along with current and emerging management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, Pelotas, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Dementia Centre of Excellence, enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaudiano MC, Aureli F, Manna L, Borioni A, Maccelli A, Raimondo M, De Giorgi D, Bartolomei M. Illegal products containing selective androgen receptor modulators purchased online from Italy: health risks for consumers. Sex Med 2024; 12:qfae018. [PMID: 38560649 PMCID: PMC10973938 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small synthetic drug molecules that are still not approved as medicine in Europe or the United States but are sold on illegal websites to improve sport performance, particularly bodybuilding. Aim To address the quality issues of illegal SARM products and their increasing diffusion in Italy with their potential health risks for consumers. Methods Web-based tools were used to investigate retail websites, trending searches, and information exchange via social media. Thirteen SARM products, purchased on retail websites accessible from Italy, were subject to visual inspection and chemical analysis by mass spectrometry and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Outcomes The primary outcome was demonstration of additional health risks due to the illicit presence of other active ingredients, contamination, and misdosage in SARM products sold on the internet. The secondary outcome was to show the increasing trend of interest in Italy for these products. Results Most websites reported misleading information; specifically, the statement "for research only" was reported notwithstanding indications on dosage and training phases. The trending search showed that interest toward SARMs increased in Italy in the last years. The use of these products is clearly encouraged by the emerging phenomenon of "broscience" as revealed in socials. Visual inspection evidenced nonconform labeling. Qualitative analysis confirmed the presence of the stated SARM in about 70% of samples. In 23% of samples, the expected SARM was not detected but a different one instead, and in 1 sample, no SARMs were detected. Other undeclared pharmaceutical substances (tamoxifen, clomifene, testosterone, epimethandienone, tadalafil) were measured in 30% of samples. The copresence of >1 active substance was observed in >60% of samples. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance data showed nonuniform content ranging from 30% to 90% of the label claim. Clinical Implications The use of SARMs, in the presence of unexpected life-threatening reactions in persons using the products to increase sport performance, should be assessed. Strengths and Limitations This investigation involved an integrated approach to study SARM products and related sociologic aspects. The main shortcomings are the limited number of samples and retail websites in the clear web investigated. Conclusion SARMs sold online as food supplement-like products represent a health hazard due to the presence of unapproved and undeclared active substances. The presence of contaminants clearly indicates the absence of good manufacturing practices in the production, which increases the health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Gaudiano
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Federica Aureli
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Livia Manna
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Anna Borioni
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maccelli
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Mariangela Raimondo
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Donato De Giorgi
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Monica Bartolomei
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Slíž K, Piešťanský J, Mikuš P. An Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method with Online Solid-Phase Extraction Sample Preparation for the High-Throughput and Sensitive Determination of Ostarine in Human Urine. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:10. [PMID: 38392684 PMCID: PMC10892632 DOI: 10.3390/mps7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ostarine is frequently misused as a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) in sports. Consequently, there is a pressing need for reliable and simple approaches to monitor its presence in biological systems. In this work, we developed a two-dimensional analytical method utilizing online solid-phase extraction (online-SPE) in conjunction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole). This automated 2D separation approach is characterized by minimum manual steps in the sample preparation (only dilute-and-shoot), reflecting high sample throughput and the reliability of analytical data. It provides favorable performance parameters, including a limit of detection of 0.5 pg/mL, high accuracy (relative error = 1.6-7.5%), precision (relative standard deviation = 0.8-4.5%), and sensitivity. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9999) in the calibration range of 0.05 to 25 ng/mL and robustness, with no carryover effects observed. This comparative study revealed a two-decadic-order-lower LOD of the SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method to the corresponding UHPLC-MS/MS method and the lowest one in the group of currently published LC-MS methods. The World Anti-Doping Agency screening and confirmation criteria were met through the analysis of spiked urine samples from ten healthy volunteers. Accordingly, the proposed method is suitable for routine use in antidoping laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristián Slíž
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Toxicologic and Antidoping Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Piešťanský
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Toxicologic and Antidoping Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwiatkowska D, Wicka M, Grucza K, Konarski P, Drapała A, Kaliszewski P. Variation of Sequential Ligandrol (LGD-4033) Metabolite Levels in Routine Anti-Doping Urine Samples Detected with or without Other Xenobiotics. Molecules 2023; 28:6486. [PMID: 37764261 PMCID: PMC10535477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligandrol, also known as LGD-4033, belongs to the group of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Ligandrol was first included in the WADA Prohibited List in 2018. This work presents a method that allows for the detection and identification of ligandrol and its metabolite in athletes' urine and in dietary supplements by means of ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Samples were prepared according to an approach involving acid hydrolysis and double liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Furthermore, due to the lack of reference material for ligandrol metabolites, the urine collected from the control excretion study was analyzed. The presented method is appropriate to monitor ligandrol and its metabolites. The samples collected for doping control purpose contained multiple metabolites, which may potentially rule out the hypothesis of ingesting a single 1 µg or 10 µg dose only. Another aspect to take into account is that ligandrol can be applied together with SARMs, steroids, and GHSs. This will also affect the substances' metabolism and elimination. It is also worth noting that dietary supplements may contain ligandrol as an official ingredient or as a contaminant. The described method may be usefully applied by other anti-doping or toxicological laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kwiatkowska
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Wicka
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Grucza
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Patryk Konarski
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Drapała
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kaliszewski
- Polish Anti-Doping Laboratory, Ksiecia Ziemowita 53 Bud. 4, 03-885 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (K.G.); (P.K.); (A.D.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correa-de-Araujo R. The Public Health Need and Strategic Opportunities for the Accelerated Development of Function-Promoting Therapies for Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1-3. [PMID: 37325964 PMCID: PMC10272975 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|