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Oe N, Tadaka E. Development of the Self-efficacy for Social Participation scale (SOSA) for community-dwelling older adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2294. [PMID: 37985978 PMCID: PMC10662651 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social participation is important for the health of older adults and super-aging societies. However, relatively few independent older adults in advanced countries actually participate in society, even though many of them have the capacity to do so. One possible reason for this could be a lack of self-efficacy for social participation. However, few scales have been developed to measure self-efficacy for social participation among community-dwelling independent older adults. Therefore, we developed the "Self-efficacy for Social Participation" scale (SOSA) to assess the self-efficacy of community-dwelling independent older adults, and examined the scale's reliability and validity. METHODS We distributed a self-administered mail survey to approximately 5,000 randomly selected independent older adults throughout Japan. The construct validity of the SOSA was determined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Criterion-related validity was assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and according to subjective health status. RESULTS In total, 1,336 older adults responded to the survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified 12 items distributed among four factors: instrumental self-efficacy, managerial self-efficacy, interpersonal self-efficacy and cultural self-efficacy. The final model had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90, goodness-of-fit index of 0.948, adjusted goodness-of-fit index of 0.915, comparative fit index of 0.952, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.078. Significant correlations existed between the SOSA score and GSES (r = 0.550, p < 0.01) and subjective health status (r = 0.384, p < 0.01) scores. CONCLUSIONS The SOSA showed sufficient reliability and validity to assess self-efficacy for social participation among older adults. This scale could aid efforts to improve the physical and mental health, and longevity, of older adults through increased behavioralizing social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Oe
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tadaka
- Department of Community and Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12-W5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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Huang NC, Kuo PH, Hsu WC, Hu SC. Retirement planning and types of healthy lifestyle after retirement: a Nationwide Survey in Taiwan. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7151548. [PMID: 37140348 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited research has examined the components of retirement planning and the effects on retirees' health behaviors. This study aims to explore whether retirement planning is associated with different types of healthy lifestyles after retirement. We conducted a nationwide Health and Retirement Survey in Taiwan and analyzed the data from 2015 to 2016. A total of 3128 retirees aged 50-74 years were included in the analysis. Twenty items on retirement planning from five categories were administered, and 20 health-related behaviors were used for measuring healthy lifestyles. Results showed that five types of healthy lifestyles were found from the 20 health behaviors by factor analysis. After controlling for all covariates, various components of retirement planning were associated with different types of lifestyles. Retirees having any item of retirement planning would significantly increase the score of 'healthy living'. Those with 1-2 items were also associated with the total score and the type of 'no unhealthy food'. However, those with ≥ 6 items were the only group positively related to the type of 'regular health checkups' but negatively to the type of 'good medication'. In conclusion, retirement planning offers a 'window of opportunity' for promoting healthy lifestyles after retirement. Pre-retirement planning should be advocated in the workplace to improve health-related behaviors, especially for those upcoming retired workers. In addition, a friendly environment and continuous programs should also be incorporated for better retirement life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan-Ching Huang
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Han Kuo
- Department of Medical Service, Standard Chem & Pharm Company, LTD., No. 154, Kaiyuan Rd., Xinying Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Hsu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Susan C Hu
- Healthy City Research Center, Innovation Headquarters, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University. No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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Cai Y, Qiu P, He Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Yang Y. Age-varying relationships between family support and depressive symptoms in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:94-101. [PMID: 37084965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate family support is an important factor in reducing the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults. We aimed to explore the age-varying relationships of family support and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 22,163 person-waves of older adults aged 60 to 85 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Family support was divided into instrumental family support and emotional family support. A Time-Varying Effects Model was utilized to analyze the age-varying relationships. RESULTS There were age-varying relationships between family support and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults. Around age 70 was an important turning point of age. In instrumental family support, access to living care can reduce the risk of depressive symptoms in almost all age groups. At least medium-level financial support was required to be protective against depressive symptoms, and high-level financial support was necessary after age 70. In emotional family support, meeting children with high frequency was significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms before age 70. Contacting children with low or medium frequency added the risk of depressive symptoms before age 70. LIMITATIONS Limited sample size of participants aged 80 years and above, lack of assessment for expectations of family support. CONCLUSIONS Providing the appropriate type and intensity of family support for older adults at a suitable age was encouraged. Future research should further verify and explicate the age-varying relationships longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyuan Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng He
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The Department of Outpatient, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Evidence-based Nursing Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Klusmann V, Gow AJ, Robert P, Oettingen G. Using Theories of Behavior Change to Develop Interventions for Healthy Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S191-S205. [PMID: 34515775 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging requires people to adopt and maintain beneficial behaviors in all stages of the life span. Supporting behavior change, including via the motivation to make and maintain those changes, is therefore important for the promotion of healthy aging. The aim of this overview is to introduce theoretical frameworks from the psychology of motivation that lend themselves to the development of effective interventions promoting behavior change conducive to healthy aging. We discuss theoretical frameworks referring to the determinants, properties, and functionality of goals aimed at behavior change, and consider the implications of the various theories for designing interventions to support healthy aging. We first consider theories that focus on beliefs and attitudes as determinants of goals, then we address theories that focus on the structure and content as important properties of goals, and, finally, we examine theories drawing on conscious and nonconscious processes underlying the functionality of these goals. We will present if-then planning and mental contrasting, as well as nudging and boosting, that is, novel strategies of behavior change that support the creation of scalable interventions for healthy aging across the life span. Against this background, new perspectives emerge for modern, state-of-the-art, and individually tailored interventions with the aim of enhancing older people's healthy living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Klusmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alan J Gow
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences and Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippe Robert
- CoBTEK Lab, IA Association, University Côté d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, New York University, USA
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Freund AM, Hennecke M, Brandstätter V, Martin M, Boker SM, Charles ST, Fishbach A, Gow AJ, Heckhausen J, Hess TM, Isaacowitz DM, Klusmann V, Lachman ME, Mayr U, Oettingen G, Robert P, Roecke C, Rothermund K, Scholz U, Tobler PN, Zacher H, Zadeh RS. Motivation and Healthy Aging: A Heuristic Model. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S97-S104. [PMID: 34228802 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Building on the seminal definition of "healthy aging" by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2015; 2020), we present a model of motivation and healthy aging that is aimed at identifying the central psychological constructs and processes for understanding what older persons value, and how they can attain and maintain these valued aspects of their lives. This model places goals at its center, and then proceeds from motivational processes of goal setting, pursuit, and disengagement, to contextual factors (cultural, social, technological, physical, organizational, and life-history related aspects) that provide opportunities and constraints to the healthy aging of individuals. We briefly introduce each of these constructs and processes, thereby setting the scene for the articles included in this supplement that each address one or more of the facets of the heuristic model of motivation and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Freund
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of HealthyAging", University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research - LIVES
| | | | - Veronika Brandstätter
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of HealthyAging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Martin
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of HealthyAging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven M Boker
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Susan T Charles
- Dept. of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Ayelet Fishbach
- Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Alan J Gow
- Dept. of Psychology, Herriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jutta Heckhausen
- Dept. of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Thomas M Hess
- Dept. of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | | | - Verena Klusmann
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Dept. of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Mayr
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Gabriele Oettingen
- Dept. of Psychology and Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Dept. of Psychology, New York University, New York City, USA
| | - Philippe Robert
- Cognition Behaviour Technology, University Cote D'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Christina Roecke
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of HealthyAging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Rothermund
- Dept. of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - Urte Scholz
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of HealthyAging", University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannes Zacher
- Dept. of Psychology, Wilhelm Wundt University Leipzig, Germany
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