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Skoblow HF, Proulx CM, Akpolat R, Palermo F. Early-life socioeconomic position and later-life cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 359:117267. [PMID: 39321663 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the association between childhood SEP and later-life cognitive functioning and identify possible moderators. METHOD We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of 39 reports, contributing 49 independent subsamples from 229,824 respondents. Moderators were analyzed using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. RESULTS There was a small, positive correlation between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cognitive functioning in older adulthood across the overall summary effect (r = 0.161), global cognitive functioning (r = 0.183), verbal episodic memory (r = 0.148), verbal fluency (r = 0.196), and processing speed (r = 0.130), but not inhibition (r = 0.058). An older mean sample age was linked with a weaker correlation for the overall summary effect and verbal episodic memory. Higher sample education was a significant moderator for verbal episodic memory only, such that the association between childhood SEP and verbal episodic memory was weaker at higher levels of education. Across all domains, mother's education was more strongly linked with cognitive functioning than other SEP constructs were. There was no significant moderation by gender, national income inequality, study design (whether prospective or retrospective), or the age of the childhood SEP measure (ages 0-4 or 9-15). Minimal publication bias was present. DISCUSSION The socioeconomic conditions of one's childhood are related to cognitive performance in older adulthood. Policymakers should consider legislation and programs to improve circumstances for low-income children and families, particularly those that increase women's educational access, as targets for improving cognitive outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanamori F Skoblow
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, 102 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Christine M Proulx
- Department of Counseling, Human Development and Family Science, University of Vermont, 201 Mann Hall, 208 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Rahmet Akpolat
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, 102 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Francisco Palermo
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, 102 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Chiou KS, Feiger JA, Snyder RL, Davila CA, Gocci Carrasco N, Bennett SJ, Dombrowski K, Fernando S, Major AM, Valentín-Acevedo A, West JT, Wood C. Cognitive Intraindividual variability in injection drug use among Hispanic residents of Puerto Rico. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39180514 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2389564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite a high prevalence of injection drug use (IDU) in Puerto Rico, little is known about how it affects neuropsychological functioning in this population. Investigations of intra-individual variability (IIV) have alluded to its utility as a potential indicator of neural decline. The purpose of this study was to characterize IIV among Hispanic residents of Puerto Rico who engage in IDU. Injectors and non-injectors completed the Neuropsí Atención y Memoria battery. Measures of IIV were calculated for the overall test battery (OTB), the three battery indices, and three domains of attention, memory, and executive functioning. The injector group showed significantly greater IIV than the non-injector group on all measures (OTB, indices, and individual domains). Additionally, injectors showed significantly higher IIV in the domain of executive functioning compared to other cognitive domains and battery indices. In contrast, non-injectors did not show any significant within-group differences on any IIV measures. The higher performance variability observed in the IDU group suggests a negative influence of IDU on cognition, with executive functioning being more susceptible to these effects. These findings support the need for continued investigations into the clinical application of IIV for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in the Hispanic IDU population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy S Chiou
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jeremy A Feiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rachael L Snyder
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Carmen A Davila
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nova Gocci Carrasco
- Method and Evaluation Core Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sydney J Bennett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Samodha Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Angel M Major
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - Aníbal Valentín-Acevedo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico
| | - John T West
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles Wood
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Fu C, Liu X, Hou X, Niu H, Li T, Guo C, Li A, Chen B, Jin X. Diabetes and vascular mild cognitive impairment among Chinese ≥50 years: A cross-sectional study with 2020 participants. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3477. [PMID: 38680021 PMCID: PMC11056693 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the decline of cognitive function in vascular cognitive impairment, the burden on the family and society will increase. Therefore, early identification of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is crucial. The focus of early identification of VaMCI is on the attention of risk factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes and VaMCI among the Chinese, hoping to predict the risk of VaMCI by diabetes and to move the identification of vascular cognitive impairment forward. METHODS We collected data from seven clinical centers and nine communities in China. All participants were over 50 years of age and had cognitive complaints. We collected basic information of the participants, and cognitive function was professionally assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale. Finally, logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and VaMCI. RESULTS A total of 2020 participants were included, including 1140 participants with VaMCI and 880 participants with normal cognition. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age, heavy smoking, and diabetes had a positive correlation with VaMCI. At the same time, being married, high education, and light smoking had a negative correlation with VaMCI. After correction, only diabetes (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.05) had a positive correlation with VaMCI, and high education (OR = 0.60, 95% CI:.45-.81, p = 0.001) had a negative correlation with VaMCI. CONCLUSION In our study, we found that diabetes had a positive correlation with VaMCI, and high education had a negative correlation with VaMCI. Therefore, early identification and timely intervention of diabetes may reduce the risk of VaMCI and achieve early prevention of VaMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wenna Liu
- Clinical Trial InstitutionDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Chen Fu
- Central LaboratoryDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central LaboratoryDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobing Hou
- Department of NeurologyBeijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Huanmin Niu
- Department of NeurologyBeijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Tao Li
- Department of GerontologyShanxi Traditional Chinese Medicinal HospitalTaiyuanChina
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Aixun Li
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Baoxin Chen
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of NeurologyDongfang HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Matos-Moreno A, Verdery AM, Mendes de Leon CF, De Jesús-Monge VM, Santos-Lozada AR. Aging and the Left Behind: Puerto Rico and Its Unconventional Rapid Aging. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:964-973. [PMID: 35696667 PMCID: PMC9372893 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerto Rico is aging more rapidly than almost any country, with 2020 estimates placing its population share of adults older than 65 as being the 10th highest in the world. Unlike most locales, Puerto Rico's aging is driven by both (a) the culmination of long-running fertility and mortality trends and (b) high levels of outmigration of working-age adults, which contributes both directly (removal of young people) and indirectly (reduced births) to its pace of population aging. This article offers an overview of the main issues surrounding population aging in Puerto Rico. Policymakers and government leaders must plan for Puerto Rico's unconventional population aging, which will exacerbate traditional concerns about the sustainability of government services and long-term economic prospects. Additional concerns emerge related to reduced social support networks and their impact on caregiving dynamics and implications for health. Puerto Rico's unique history and political relationship with the United States present challenges and benefits for its aging population. Research on aging in Puerto Rico and public health policies must adapt to the needs of the country's aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amílcar Matos-Moreno
- Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashton M Verdery
- Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carlos F Mendes de Leon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Alexis R Santos-Lozada
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fröhlich S, Müller K, Voelcker-Rehage C. Normative Data for the CERAD-NP for Healthy High-Agers (80-84 years) and Effects of Age-Typical Visual Impairment and Hearing Loss. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34823624 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617721001284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to establish reference data for nondemented adults between 80 and 84 years of age based on the German version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease Neuropsychological (CERAD-NP) test battery and to assess the possible influence of hearing and vision impairments on CERAD-NP performance. METHODS Two hundred one volunteers were examined with the German CERAD-NP test battery, and 18 test scores were calculated from the data. The sample included 99 men (49%), the mean age was 81.8 years (SD = 1.3), and the mean years of education were 13.9 (SD = 3.1). Percentiles for continuous and percentile ranks for discrete test scores were calculated separately for four norm groups. The groups were classified according to gender and education. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict cognitive performance from visual acuity and hearing ability. RESULTS The normative data obtained were consistent with other findings from younger and older age groups. Worse visual acuity predicted slower performance in the Trail Making Test (TMT). None of the other CERAD-NP tests were correlated to sensory functions. CONCLUSIONS Using age-appropriate reference data, such as that established here for the 80-84 year age group can help to improve the detection of cognitive decline and prevent biases that arise when old-old adults are compared to younger old adults. Visual acuity should be considered an influencing factor on TMT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fröhlich
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Psychology & Sport Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Psychology (With Focus on Prevention and Rehabilitation), Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katrin Müller
- Department of Sports Psychology (With Focus on Prevention and Rehabilitation), Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
- Department of Social Science of Physical Activity and Health, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Psychology & Sport Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Psychology (With Focus on Prevention and Rehabilitation), Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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