Knobel P, Zhao X, Müller JK, Grigoleit LP. Sun-safe behavior and perceptions during winter sports: an Austrian study based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.
PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023;
28:316-323. [PMID:
35189762 DOI:
10.1080/13548506.2022.2041205]
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Abstract
As a preventable disease, skin cancer is a public health issue in Austria. Most sun-safety studies focus on people's activities in summer, but little is known about sun-protective behavior in winter. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines psychological perceptions among people who engage in winter sports in Austria. Following a TPB-based belief elicitation study, a consequent survey was conducted among 114 participants (51.8% female; Mage = 29.54 years) in South Austria. Intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and risk perception showed strong and significant associations with sun-safe behavior among people who engage in winter sports. The TPB framework explained a large portion of variance in sun-safe behavior (75%) and intention (73%). Gender differences have been identified in TPB-variables as well as several beliefs. Based on the utility of the TPB, our findings suggest guidelines for sun-safety in winter sports settings. Gender differences are in line with previous research, highlighting the vulnerability of men to sun damage during winter sports.
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