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Yu X, Li L, Ning A, Wang H, Guan C, Ma X, Xia H. Primary cilia abnormalities participate in the occurrence of spontaneous abortion through TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31292. [PMID: 38704705 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication in early pregnancy, the exact etiology of most cases cannot be determined. Emerging studies suggest that mutations in ciliary genes may be associated with progression of pregnancy loss. However, the involvement of primary cilia on spontaneous abortion and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. We observed the number and length of primary cilia were significantly decreased in decidua of spontaneous abortion in human and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced abortion mice model, accompanied with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The length of primary cilia in human endometrial stromal cell (hESC) was significantly shortened after TNF-α treatment. Knocking down intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), involved in cilia formation and maintenance, promoted the expression of TNF-α. There was a reverse regulatory relationship between cilia shortening and TNF-α expression. Further research found that shortened cilia impair decidualization in hESC through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/SMAD2/3 signaling. Primary cilia were impaired in decidua tissue of spontaneous abortion, which might be mainly caused by inflammatory injury. Primary cilia abnormalities resulted in dysregulation of TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling transduction and decidualization impairment, which led to spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yu
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Li
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anfeng Ning
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Guan
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei D, Su Y, Leung PCK, Li Y, Chen ZJ. Roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in endometrial remodeling during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:215-237. [PMID: 38037193 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy, the endometrium undergoes a series of dynamic remodeling processes to adapt to physiological changes. Insufficient endometrial remodeling, characterized by inadequate endometrial proliferation, decidualization and spiral artery remodeling, is associated with infertility, endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and miscarriage. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a subset of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines that regulate diverse cellular activities, such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix synthesis, are now understood as integral to multiple reproductive processes in women. Investigations using human biological samples have shown that BMPs are essential for regulating human endometrial remodeling processes, including endometrial proliferation and decidualization. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review summarizes our current knowledge on the known pathophysiological roles of BMPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms in regulating human endometrial proliferation and decidualization, with the goal of promoting the development of innovative strategies for diagnosing, treating and preventing infertility and adverse pregnancy complications associated with dysregulated human endometrial remodeling. SEARCH METHODS A literature search for original articles published up to June 2023 was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases, identifying studies on the roles of BMPs in endometrial remodeling during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Articles identified were restricted to English language full-text papers. OUTCOMES BMP ligands and receptors and their transduction molecules are expressed in the endometrium and at the maternal-fetal interface. Along with emerging technologies such as tissue microarrays, 3D organoid cultures and advanced single-cell transcriptomics, and given the clinical availability of recombinant human proteins and ongoing pharmaceutical development, it is now clear that BMPs exert multiple roles in regulating human endometrial remodeling and that these biomolecules (and their receptors) can be targeted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Moreover, dysregulation of these ligands, their receptors, or signaling determinants can impact endometrial remodeling, contributing to infertility or pregnancy-related complications (e.g. preeclampsia and miscarriage). WIDER IMPLICATIONS Although further clinical trials are needed, recent advancements in the development of recombinant BMP ligands, synthetic BMP inhibitors, receptor antagonists, BMP ligand sequestration tools, and gene therapies have underscored the BMPs as candidate diagnostic biomarkers and positioned the BMP signaling pathway as a promising therapeutic target for addressing infertility and pregnancy complications related to dysregulated human endometrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daimin Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaxin Su
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hu C, Deng J, Liu M, Ni T, Chen ZJ, Yan J, Li Y. Endometrial BMP2 Deficiency Impairs ITGB3-Mediated Trophoblast Invasion in Women With Repeated Implantation Failure. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae002. [PMID: 38195194 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated implantation failure (RIF) leads to a waste of high-quality embryos and remains a challenge in assisted reproductive technology. During early human placentation, the invasion of trophoblast cells into the decidua is an essential step for the establishment of maternal-fetal interactions and subsequent successful pregnancy. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) has been reported to regulate endometrial receptivity and promote trophoblast invasion. However, whether there is dysregulation of endometrial BMP2 expression in patients with RIF remains unknown. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of BMP2 on human trophoblast invasion and early placentation remain to be further elucidated. METHODS Midluteal phase endometrial samples were biopsied from patients with RIF and from routine control in vitro fertilization followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses. Human trophoblast organoids, primary human trophoblast cells, and an immortalized trophoblast cell line (HTR8/SVneo) were used as study models. RESULTS We found that BMP2 was aberrantly low in midluteal phase endometrial tissues from patients with RIF. Recombinant human BMP2 treatment upregulated integrin β3 (ITGB3) in a SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling-dependent manner in both HTR8/SVneo cells and primary trophoblast cells. siRNA-mediated integrin β3 downregulation reduced both basal and BMP2-upregulated trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry in HTR8/SVneo cells. Importantly, shRNA-mediated ITGB3 knockdown significantly decreased the formation ability of human trophoblast organoids. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate endometrial BMP2 deficiency in patients with RIF. ITGB3 mediates both basal and BMP2-promoted human trophoblast invasion and is essential for early placentation. These findings broaden our knowledge regarding the regulation of early placentation and provide candidate diagnostic and therapeutic targets for RIF clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Hu
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianye Deng
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Tianxiang Ni
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Unit of Gametogenesis and Health of ART-Offspring, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2021RU001), Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Wu L, Huang X, Wang R, Li Y, Zhu H, Ouyang Y, Huang W. Increased Expression of TGF-β1 Contributes to the Downregulation of Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Eutopic Endometrium of Infertile Women with Minimal/Mild Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3578-3589. [PMID: 37531067 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disease associated with impaired immunoregulation. In our recent study, we have characterized the trascriptomic transformation of eutopic endometrium from patients with minimal/mild endometriosis and controls across the menstrual cycle. However, the regulatory mechanism of altered immune microenvironment in eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) remains unclear. Here, we want to explore the regulation of immune cell to progesterone resistance and endometrial receptivity in the eutopic ESCs by cytokine (TGF-β1), and to understand the effect of TGF-β1 on the decidualization of the eutopic ESCs. Primary culture of eutopic ESCs was performed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of Smad and progesterone receptor (PR) and the in vitro decidualization. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to explore the direct interaction between Smad and PR. We found an attenuate expression of PRB protein (p=0.026) after using TGF-β1 in eutopic ESCs, although the difference of PRA before and after treatment was not significant (p=0.678). Similarly, the results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA level of PR (p<0.001), PRB (p=0.003) and HOXA10 (p<0.001) decreased significantly after TGF-β1 treatment, but that increased (p<0.023, for all) after SB431542 treatment in the eutopic ESCs. Moreover, TGF-β1 has a negative effect on the in vitro decidualization of eutopic ESCs (p=0.003). And the group with treatment of both TGF-β1 and SB435142 in eutopic ESCs showed significant decidual-like changes with increased prolactin level (p=0.01). We did not observe any physical interaction between the PR and p-Smad3/Smad3 proteins by using Co-IP. By activating TGF-β/Smad signaling in eutopic ESCs, elevated TGF-β1 from CD45+ immune cells could attenuate expression of PR, and further decrease endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukanxuan Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunwei Ouyang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Wen B, Liao H, Lin W, Li Z, Ma X, Xu Q, Yu F. The Role of TGF-β during Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16882. [PMID: 38069201 PMCID: PMC10706464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines closely related to pregnancy. It plays significant roles in hormone secretion, placental development, and embryonic growth during pregnancy. TGF-β is implicated in embryo implantation and inhibits the invasion of extraepithelial trophoblast cells. It also moderates the mother-fetus interaction by adjusting the secretion pattern of immunomodulatory factors in the placenta, consequently influencing the mother's immune cells. The TGF-β family regulates the development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems by regulating gene expression. Furthermore, TGF-β has been associated with various pregnancy complications. An increase in TGF-β levels can induce the occurrences of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, while a decrease can lead to recurrent miscarriage due to the interference of the immune tolerance environment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-β in embryo implantation and development, providing new insights for the clinical prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Wen
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Huixin Liao
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Weilin Lin
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Zhikai Li
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
| | - Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (B.W.); (H.L.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (X.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Jia Y, Bi B, Fang L, Cheng JC. GDF-11 downregulates placental human chorionic gonadotropin expression by activating SMAD2/3 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:179. [PMID: 37480123 PMCID: PMC10362589 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by the placental trophoblast cells is essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy. Aberrant hCG levels are associated with reproductive disorders. The protein of hCG is a dimer consisting of an α subunit and a β subunit. The β subunit is encoded by the CGB gene and is unique to hCG. Growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, is expressed in the human placenta and can stimulate trophoblast cell invasion. However, whether the expression of CGB and the production of hCG are regulated by GDF-11 remains undetermined. METHODS Two human choriocarcinoma cell lines, BeWo and JEG-3, and primary cultures of human cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells were used as experimental models. The effects of GDF-11 on CGB expression and hCG production, as well as the underlying mechanisms, were explored by a series of in vitro experiments. RESULTS Our results show that treatment of GDF-11 downregulates the expression of CGB and the production of hCG in both BeWo and JEG-3 cells as well as in primary CTB cells. Using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA-mediated approach, we reveal that both ALK4 and ALK5 are required for the GDF-11-induced downregulation of CGB expression. In addition, treatment of GDF-11 activates SMAD2/3 but not SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathways. Moreover, both SMAD2 and SMAD3 are involved in the GDF-11-downregulated CGB expression. ELISA results show that the GDF-11-suppressed hCG production requires the ALK4/5-mediated activation of SMAD2/3 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study not only discovers the biological function of GDF-11 in the human placenta but also provides important insights into the regulation of the expression of hCG. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Beibei Bi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40, Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Barrero JA, Villamil-Camargo LM, Imaz JN, Arciniegas-Villa K, Rubio-Romero JA. Maternal Serum Activin A, Inhibin A and Follistatin-Related Proteins across Preeclampsia: Insights into Their Role in Pathogenesis and Prediction. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2023; 27:119-133. [PMID: 37595293 PMCID: PMC10438925 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20232701.d-23-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the endocrine-paracrine signalling network at the maternal-foetal interface, the activin-inhibin-follistatin system modulates extravillous trophoblast invasion, suggesting a potential role in preeclampsia pathogenesis. This study aimed to compile the evidence published in the last decade regarding the variation in maternal serum activins, inhibin- and follistatin-related proteins in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to healthy pregnancies, and to discuss their role in predicting and understanding the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS A scoping review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS databases to identify studies published within the last ten years (2012-2022). RESULTS Thirty studies were included. None of the studies addressed maternal serum changes of isoforms different from activin A, inhibin A, follistatin, and follistatin-like 3. Sixteen studies evaluated the potential of these isoforms in predicting preeclampsia through the area under the curve from a receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSIONS In preeclampsia, inhibin A is upregulated in all trimesters, whereas activin A increases exclusively in the late second and third trimesters. Serum follistatin levels are reduced in women with preeclampsia during the late second and third trimesters. However, changes in follistatin-like 3 remain inconclusive. Inhibin A and activin A can potentially serve as biomarkers of early-onset preeclampsia based on the outcomes of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Further investigations are encouraged to explore the feasibility of quantifying maternal serum levels of activin A and inhibin A as a clinical tool in early preeclampsia prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Barrero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jose N. Imaz
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jorge A. Rubio-Romero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bogotá, Colombia
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Cao Z, Jiang Y, Xu M, Liu J, Zhou J, Yan G, Sun H. Downregulated INHBB in endometrial tissue of recurrent implantation failure patients impeded decidualization through the ADCY1/cAMP signalling pathway. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1135-1146. [PMID: 36913138 PMCID: PMC10239411 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify the mechanism of Inhibin Subunit Beta B (INHBB), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family involved in the regulation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) decidualization in recurrent implantation failure (RIF). METHODS RNA-seq was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes in the endometria from control and RIF patients. RT-qPCR, WB, and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyse the expression levels of INHBB in endometrium and decidualised HESCs. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect changes in the decidual marker genes and cytoskeleton after knockdown INHBB. Then, RNA-seq was used to dig out the mechanism of INHBB regulating decidualization. The cAMP analogue (forskolin) and si-INHBB were used to investigate the involvement of INHBB in the cAMP signalling pathway. The correlation of INHBB and ADCY expression was analysed by Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS Our results showed significantly reduced expression of INHBB in endometrial stromal cells of women with RIF. In addition, INHBB was increased in the endometrium of the secretory phase and significantly induced in in-vitro decidualization of HESCs. Notably, with RNA-seq and siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches, we demonstrated that the INHBB-ADCY1-mediated cAMP signalling pathway regulates the reduction of decidualization. We found a positive association between the expression of INHBB and ADCY1 in endometria with RIF (R2 = 0.3785, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS The decline of INHBB in HESCs suppressed ADCY1-induced cAMP production and cAMP-mediated signalling, which attenuated decidualization in RIF patients, indicating that INHBB is an essential component in the decidualization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manlin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jidong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guijun Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Center for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Zubrzycka A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Jędrzejczyk S, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. Assessment of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 Expression Profile and Regulatory miRNA-542-3p in Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076637. [PMID: 37047609 PMCID: PMC10095043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression of numerous genes and the miRNAs that are recognized as their regulators in the endometrial cells of women with endometriosis may disrupt the intracellular signaling pathways associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). So far, the functional role of BMP7 in endometrial physiology has been confirmed, especially in the context of fertility, but the role of the activation of a specific mechanism operating through the BMP–SMAD–CDH1 axis in the formation of endometrial lesions remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression profile of miR-542-3p and the EMT markers (BMP7, SMAD4, CDH1) in matched eutopic endometrium (EUE) and ectopic endometrium (ECE) samples from women with endometriosis in relation to healthy women. The levels of expression of the studied genes and miRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from women diagnosed with endometriosis and those without the disease were also evaluated. Fifty-four patients (n = 54: with endometriosis—n = 29 and without endometriosis—n = 25) were included in the study. A comparative analysis of the relative mean expression values (RQ) of the studied mRNA and miRNA assessed by RT-qPCR demonstrated downregulation of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 expression in ectopic lesions and upregulation in the eutopic endometrium compared with the control group. In the eutopic tissue of women with endometriosis, miR-542-3p expression was similar to that of the control but significantly lower than in endometrial lesions. We also confirmed a trend towards a negative correlation between miR-542-3p and BMP7 in ectopic tissue, and in PBMC, a significant negative correlation of miR-542-3p with further BMP signaling genes, i.e., SMAD4 and CDH1, was observed. These results indicate that the miRNA selected by us may be a potential negative regulator of BMP7-SMAD4-CDH1 signaling associated with EMT. The different patterns of BMP7, SMAD4, and CDH1 gene expression in ECE, EUE, and the control endometrium observed by us suggests the loss of the endometrial epithelium phenotype in women with endometriosis and demonstrates their involvement in the pathogenesis and pathomechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zubrzycka
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jędrzejczyk
- Institute of Medical Expertises, St. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205 Lodz, Poland
- Operative and Conservative Gynecology Ward, Dr. K. Jonscher Municipal Medical Centre, St. Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, St. Pomorska 251, C-5, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Luo J, Wang Y, Chang HM, Zhu H, Yang J, Leung PCK. ID3 mediates BMP2-induced downregulation of ICAM1 expression in human endometiral stromal cells and decidual cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1090593. [PMID: 36910152 PMCID: PMC9998904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1090593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains an unsolved problem in obstetrics and gynecology, and up to 50% of RPL cases are unexplained. Unexplained RPL (uRPL) is widely considered to be related to an aberrant endometrial microenvironment. BMP2 is an important factor involved in endometrial decidualization and embryo implantation, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) is a critical inflammatory regulator in the endometrium. In this study, we found that endometrial samples obtained from Unexplained RPL patients have significantly lower BMP2 and higher ICAM1 levels than fertile controls. For further research on the relationship between BMP2 and ICAM1 and the potential molecular mechanisms in Unexplained RPL, immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and primary human decidual stromal cells (HDSCs) were used as study models. Our results showed that BMP2 significantly decreased ICAM1 expression by upregulating DNA-binding protein inhibitor 3 (ID3) in both HESCs and HDSCs. Using kinase receptor inhibitors (dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH-1) and dorsomorphin) and siRNA transfection, it has been found that the upregulation of ID3 and the following downregulation of ICAM1 induced by BMP2 is regulated through the ALK3-SMAD4 signaling pathway. This research gives a hint of a novel mechanism by which BMP2 regulates ICAM1 in the human endometrium, which provides insights into potential therapeutics for unexplained RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Roberts RM, Ezashi T, Temple J, Owen JR, Soncin F, Parast MM. The role of BMP4 signaling in trophoblast emergence from pluripotency. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:447. [PMID: 35877048 PMCID: PMC10243463 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway has established roles in early embryonic morphogenesis, particularly in the epiblast. More recently, however, it has also been implicated in development of extraembryonic lineages, including trophectoderm (TE), in both mouse and human. In this review, we will provide an overview of this signaling pathway, with a focus on BMP4, and its role in emergence and development of TE in both early mouse and human embryogenesis. Subsequently, we will build on these in vivo data and discuss the utility of BMP4-based protocols for in vitro conversion of primed vs. naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSC) into trophoblast, and specifically into trophoblast stem cells (TSC). PSC-derived TSC could provide an abundant, reproducible, and ethically acceptable source of cells for modeling placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, CO, 80124, USA
| | - Jasmine Temple
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R Owen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mana M Parast
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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12
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Ramhorst R, Grasso E, Vota D, Gori S, Hauk V, Paparini D, Calo G, Leirós CP. From decidualization to pregnancy progression: An overview of immune and metabolic effects of VIP. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13601. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Ramhorst
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Esteban Grasso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Soledad Gori
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Guillermina Calo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN‐CONICET) Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires Argentina
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13
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Wu Z, Fang L, Yang S, Gao Y, Wang Z, Meng Q, Dang X, Sun YP, Cheng JC. GDF-11 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by increasing ID2-mediated MMP2 expression. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:89. [PMID: 35705978 PMCID: PMC9202197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein-11, belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. GDF-11 was first identified as an important regulator during embryonic development. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that GDF-11 regulates the development of various organs and its aberrant expressions are associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells invasion is a critical event for placenta development and needs to be finely regulated. However, to date, the biological function of GDF-11 in the human EVT cells remains unknown. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo, a human EVT cell line, and primary cultures of human EVT cells were used to examine the effect of GDF-11 on matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression. Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assay was used to examine cell invasiveness. A series of in vitro experiments were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms that mediate the effect of GDF-11 on MMP2 expression and cell invasion. RESULTS Treatment with GDF-11 stimulates MMP2 expression, in the HTR-8/SVneo and primary human EVT cells. Using a pharmacological inhibitor and siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches, our results demonstrated that the stimulatory effect of GDF-11 on MMP2 expression was mediated by the ALK4/5-SMAD2/3 signaling pathways. In addition, the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 2 (ID2) was upregulated by GDF-11 and that was required for the GDF-11-stimulated MMP2 expression and EVT cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS These findings discover a new biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of GDF-11 in the regulation of human EVT cell invasion. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Sizhu Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xuan Dang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Chang H, Zhu H, Leung PCK. BMP2 suppresses the production of pentraxin 3 in human endometrial stromal and decidual stromal cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22319. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200081rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Hsun‐Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Reproductive Medicine Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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15
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Follistatin dysregulation impaired trophoblast biological functions by GDF11-Smad2/3 axis in preeclampsia placentas. Placenta 2022; 121:145-154. [PMID: 35339026 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the main causes of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality. So far, the underlying mechanism of this pregnancy-specific syndrome remains unelucidated. The expression of Follistatin (FST) decreased in maternal serum (especially early onset severe PE) and placental trophoblasts of PE patients. However, whether FST-deficiency in preeclamptic placentas alters trophoblast function remains to be determined. METHODS Trophoblast cell lines were cultured in vitro and LV3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to silence FST. Growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) expression level in placentas and serum were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay, respectively. To verify the effect of reduced FST expression on trophoblasts, microRNA-24-3p, which was predicted to target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of FST, was screened out, and miR-24-3p mimic, inhibitor was used to regulate FST expression in trophoblasts. RESULTS Downregulation of FST significantly enhanced the apoptosis and impaired migration and invasion of trophoblast. Reduced FST caused the upregulation of GDF11 in trophoblasts. Interestingly, GDF11 reduced in preeclamptic placental microvascular endothelial cells. Dysregulation of FST-GDF11-Smad2/3 signaling pathway, leading to increased apoptosis of trophoblast. Expression levels of miR-24-3p, was significantly elevated in preeclamptic placentas. Trophoblast cells transfected with miR-24-3p mimics displayed impaired migration and invasion and increased apoptosis. Treated by miR-24-3p inhibitor, trophoblast cells exhibited rescued function. DISCUSSION FST-deficiency impaired trophoblast function by upregulating GDF11 levels in trophoblasts. The regulation of FST-GDF11-Smad2/3 axis by microRNAs mimic or inhibitor may be critical to trophoblast function regulation and helps to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of PE.
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16
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Ahmed FA, Klausen C, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Myostatin increases human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 Signaling. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1267-1277. [PMID: 35020826 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency disorders are major obstetric complications that share a common phenomenon of poor placental trophoblast cell invasion and remodeling of uterine tissues. Myostatin is a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily member well-known for its important role in muscle growth control. Myostatin is also produced in the placenta and has been shown to regulate some trophoblast functions. However, its roles in placental development are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that myostatin increases trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling. Primary and immortalized (HTR8/SVneo) trophoblast cells were used as study models. Matrigel-coated transwell invasion assays were used to study the effects of recombinant human myostatin on trophoblast cell invasion. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to measure myostatin effects on N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Small inhibitor molecules as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown were used to block myostatin receptor and downstream signaling, respectively. Data were analyzed either by unpaired Student T test or one-way ANOVA followed by Newman Keuls test for multiple group comparisons. Myostatin significantly increased primary and HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell invasion. Moreover, myostatin upregulated N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels in a time dependent manner in both study models. These effects were blocked by inhibition of TGF-β type I receptors as well as siRNA-mediated knockdown of SMAD2/3 combined or common SMAD4. Importantly, myostatin-induced trophoblast cell invasion was abolished by knockdown of N-cadherin, SMAD2/3 or SMAD4. Myostatin may increase human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten AbdelHafez Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Abnormal ciliogenesis in decidual stromal cellsin recurrent miscarriage. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 150:103486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Participation of Selected Soluble BMP-2 and BMP-7 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Soluble Type I ALK-1 and Type II BMPR2 Receptors in Formation and Development of Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101292. [PMID: 34680408 PMCID: PMC8533551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered to be one of the key stages in the development of endometriosis. Recent studies indicate that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPR) may play an important role in the angiogenesis process. In the literature, however, there is a lack of publications concerning binding BMPs and their receptors with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of the study was to determine the role of soluble bone morphogenetic proteins, BMP-2 and BMP-7, and their receptors, ALK-1 and BMPR2, in the process of the formation and development of endometriosis. Peritoneal fluid was collected in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, from 80 women aged 21-49 years (mean age 31.3 ± 6.7 years) undergoing laparoscopy to determine the causes of primary infertility. The study involved 60 women in the I, II, III, and IV stages of the disease. The reference group consisted of 20 women who did not have endometriosis or other lesions in the pelvic area. The concentration in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis was compared to the concentration of this parameter in the reference group, and a statistically significant reduction in the concentration of the BMP-2 molecule was found, as well as increasing concentrations of BMP-7, ALK-1, and BMPR2. BMP-2 and BMP-7 and their soluble receptors, ALK-1 and BMPR2, are involved in the formation of endometriosis. The changes in the concentrations of most of the tested parameters demonstrated in the study, especially in the early stages of the disease, may indicate the more effective formation of new blood vessels in this period.
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Cao L, Tang Y, Niu X, Guo Q, Huang L. Mifepristone regulates macrophage-mediated natural killer cells function in decidua. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100541. [PMID: 34365238 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mifepristone has been used for first-trimester abortion and contraception. Nevertheless, its functional mechanism still needs to be elucidated. Decidua tissues were collected from 40 pregnant women who received (20 patients) or did not receive (20 patients) mifepristone. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the effect of mifepristone on the quantity of CD56 and CD206 in decidua. in vitro assay, NK cells were isolated from decidua tissue and macrophages were induced from THP-1 cells. NK cells were co-cultured with macrophages pre-treated different concentrations of mifepristone (0 nmol/L, 200 nmol/L, 1800 nmol/L, and 25000 nmol/L); the cells' cytotoxicity and migration ability were analyzed using MTT assay and transwell assay, respectively. Si-TGF-β1, which was utilized to knock down the TGF-β1 expression in macrophages and human recombinant TGF-β1 were used to verify whether TGF-β1 was involved in the mifepristone regulation of NK cells function. The quantity of CD56 and CD206 decreased after mifepristone treatment. Moreover, the NK cells' cytotoxicity and migration ability were significantly increased by macrophages pre-treated with mifepristone in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared with the si-NC group, the MTT absorbance rate of NK cells was significantly increased in the si-TGF-β1 group and was decreased in the human recombinant TGF-β1 group. Our data suggest that mifepristone, which regulates NK cells function through macrophages, was associated with the changes in TGF-β1 secreted by macrophages. This may be one of the mechanisms of mifepristone acting as contraceptive and abortion drugs at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Tang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocen Niu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Inchanalkar S, Balasubramanian N. Adhesion-growth factor crosstalk regulates AURKB activation and ERK signalling in re-adherent fibroblasts. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Yan J, Chang HM, Chen ZJ, Leung PCK. Roles of TGF-β Superfamily Proteins in Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:170-189. [PMID: 33478870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following embryo implantation, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the maternal decidua to a certain extent during early pregnancy, which is critical for normal placentation and successful pregnancy in humans. Although sharing a similar protein structure, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members exert divergent functions in regulating EVT invasion, which contributes to a relative balance of TGF-β superfamily proteins in precisely modulating this process at the maternal-fetal interface during the first trimester of pregnancy. This review details recent advances in our understanding of the functions of TGF-β superfamily members and their corresponding receptors, signaling pathways, and downstream molecular targets in regulating human EVT invasion from studies using various in vitro or ex vivo experimental models. Also, the relevance of these discoveries about TGF-β superfamily members to adverse pregnancy outcomes is summarized. The application of 3D culture trophoblast organoids, single-cell sequencing, and microfluidic assays in EVT invasion studies will help better reveal the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β superfamily members regulate human EVT invasion, shedding light on the development of innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, treating, and preventing adverse human pregnancy outcomes related to EVT invasion dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200000, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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22
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Hajipour H, Farzadi L, Latifi Z, Keyhanvar N, Navali N, Fattahi A, Nouri M, Dittrich R. An update on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in endometrium and ovary related infertilities: clinical and molecular aspects. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 67:177-188. [PMID: 33632047 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1862357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the well-recommended strategies for the treatment of endometrium- and ovary-associated infertility. Due to the autologous source of PRP, minimal risks for disease transmission and immunogenic and allergic responses are expected in this method. Despite the extensive use of PRP in medicine, its precise mechanism of action in endometrial and ovarian tissues is still unknown. Nevertheless, the induction of cell proliferation, chemotaxis, regeneration, extracellular matrix synthesis, remodeling, angiogenesis, and epithelialization are the main pathways for PRP to affect female reproductive organs. Given the promising results of previous studies, it is necessary to standardize PRP preparation protocols for different therapeutic purposes and also clearly determine appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria for recruiting patients. In the current review, we presented a summary of studies on PRP therapy for endometrium- and ovary-associated infertility with a focus on the possible mechanisms by which PRP enhances endometrial receptivity and regenerates ovarian function.Abbreviations: PRP: platelet-rich plasma; ART: assisted reproductive technology; POF: premature ovarian failure; TGF: transforming growth factors; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factors; IGF-I: insulin-like growth factor-1; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; EGF: epidermal growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ADP: adenosine diphosphate, ATP: adenosine triphosphate; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; COX2: cyclooxygenase-2; TP53: tumor protein 53; ER-α: estrogen receptors alpha; ER-β: estrogen receptors beta; PR: progesterone receptor; RIF: recurrent implantation failure; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-kβ: nuclear factor kappa beta; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; Col1a1: collagen type I alpha 1; IL: interleukin; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; GDF-9: growth differentiation factor 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hajipour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Keyhanvar
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Navali
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,OB/GYN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ralf Dittrich
- OB/GYN, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Fang X, Ni N, Gao Y, Lydon JP, Ivanov I, Rijnkels M, Bayless KJ, Li Q. Transforming growth factor beta signaling and decidual integrity in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1186-1198. [PMID: 32902612 PMCID: PMC7711917 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling regulates multifaceted reproductive processes. It has been shown that the type 1 receptor of TGFβ (TGFBR1) is indispensable for female reproductive tract development, implantation, placental development, and fertility. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in decidual development and function remains poorly defined. Our objective is to determine the impact of uterine-specific deletion of Tgfbr1 on decidual integrity, with a focus on the cellular and molecular properties of the decidua during development. Our results show that the developmental dynamics of the decidua is altered in TGFBR1 conditionally depleted uteri from embryonic day (E) 5.5 to E8.5, substantiated by downregulation of genes associated with inflammatory responses and uterine natural killer cell abundance, reduced presence of nondecidualized fibroblasts in the antimesometrial region, and altered decidual cell development. Notably, conditional ablation of TGFBR1 results in the formation of decidua containing more abundant alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)-positive cells at the peripheral region of the antimesometrial side versus controls at E6.5-E8.5. This finding is corroborated by upregulation of a subset of smooth muscle marker genes in Tgfbr1 conditionally deleted decidua at E6.5 and E8.5. Moreover, increased cell proliferation and enhanced decidual ERK1/2 signaling were found in Tgfbr1 conditional knockout mice upon decidual regression. In summary, conditional ablation of TGFBR1 in the uterus profoundly impacts the cellular and molecular properties of the decidua. Our results suggest that TGFBR1 in uterine epithelial and stromal compartments is important for the integrity of the decidua, a transient but crucial structure that supports embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Luo J, Zhu H, Chang HM, Lin YM, Yang J, Leung PCK. The regulation of IGFBP3 by BMP2 has a role in human endometrial remodeling. FASEB J 2020; 34:15462-15479. [PMID: 32975335 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000508r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a critical regulator of endometrial decidualization and early implantation. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) is highly expressed in the endometrium and at the maternal-fetal interface in multiple species, including humans. BMP2-induced IGFBP3 signaling has been confirmed to have a role in trophoblast cell invasion; however, the involvement of this signaling pathway in endometrial remodeling remains poorly understood. To determine the roles of BMP2 in regulating IGFBP3 expression during the transformation of endometrial stromal cells, we employed immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and primary human decidual stromal cells (HDSCs) as study models. We showed that BMP2 significantly increased the expression of IGFBP3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both HESCs and primary HDSCs. Additionally, the BMP2-induced upregulation of IGFBP3 is mediated by the inhibitor of DNA-binding 1 (ID1), and knockdown of ALK3 completely abolished BMP2-induced upregulation of ID1. Moreover, BMP2 increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and promoted cell migration in HESCs and primary HDSCs. Knockdown of either IGFBP3 or ID1 significantly suppressed the basal and the BMP2-induced increase in MMP2 expression as well as the cell migration in both cell models. These data demonstrated that BMP2 upregulated the expression of ID1, which in turn induced the expression of IGFBP3, and these BMP2-induced cell activities were most likely mediated by the ALK3 type I receptor. The increased expression of IGFBP3 promoted the MMP2 expression and cell migration in both HESCs and HDSCs. These findings deepen our understanding of a newly identified mechanism by which BMP2 and IGFBP3 regulate endometrial remodeling in humans, which provides insight into potential therapies for endometrium-related diseases and pregnancy-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yung-Ming Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Zhang Y, Zhu H, Chang HM, Leung PCK. ALK3-SMAD1/5 Signaling Mediates the BMP2-Induced Decrease in PGE2 Production in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells and Decidual Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573028. [PMID: 33043005 PMCID: PMC7523465 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP2 is a critical factor that is involved in the processes of embryo implantation and uterine decidualization. The expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and subsequent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production are critical for successful pregnancy. However, it is not clear whether BMP2 can regulate the production of PG during endometrial decidualization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BMP2 on COX-1 expression and PGE2 production as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in the human endometrium. Immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and human decidual stromal cells (HDSCs) were used as the study model to investigate the effects of BMP2-induced cellular activities. Our results showed that BMP2 treatment significantly decreased PGE2 production by downregulating COX-1 expression in both human endometrial stromal and decidual stromal cells. Additionally, BMP2 induced an increase in the levels of phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8, and this effect was completely abolished by the addition of the inhibitors DMH-1 and dorsomorphin, but not by SB431542. Knocking down ALK3 completely reversed the BMP2-induced downregulation of COX-1. Moreover, concomitantly knocking down SMAD1 and SMAD5 completely reversed the BMP2-induced downregulation of COX-1. Our results indicated that BMP2 decreased PGE2 production by downregulating COX-1 expression, most likely through the ALK3/SMAD1-SMAD5 signaling pathway in human endometrial stromal and human decidual stromal cells. These findings deepen our understanding of the functional role of BMP2 in the regulation of endometrial decidualization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Huang X, Liu L, Xu C, Peng X, Li D, Wang L, Du M. Tissue-resident CD8 + T memory cells with unique properties are present in human decidua during early pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13254. [PMID: 32329123 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Resident memory T (TRM ) cells reside in the uterus during pregnancy may play an important role in balancing maternal-fetal tolerance with anti-infectious immunity. Although CD8+ TRM and decidual CD8+ T cells have been extensively characterized, the properties of decidual CD8+ TRM (dTRM ) cells remain poorly defined. METHOD OF STUDY We investigated the heterogeneity, phenotypes, and functions of dTRM cells, and compared the proportion of dTRM cells between normal pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) using flow cytometry. Moreover, we cocultured peripheral CD8+ T (CD8+ pT) cells with trophoblast, or decidual stomal cells (DSCs) in the presence or absence of anti-TGF-β antibody or TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor to explore the effects of maternal-fetal environment on decidual CD8+ TRM cell formation. RESULTS We found that CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells were abundant in CD8+ dT cells but not in CD4+ dT cells with effector-memory (EM, CD45RA- CCR7- ) phenotypes. The percentage of dTRM cells from RSA patients was significantly higher than that from normal pregnancy. Furthermore, dTRM cells showed increased expressions of chemokine receptors, T-cell exhaustion-related molecules, and produced more anti-inflammatory cytokines and effector cytokines upon stimulation. Moreover, DSCs produced a considerable level of TGF-β and upregulated CD103 expression on CD69+ CD8+ pT cells, which can be significantly reversed by blocking TGF-β receptor. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that TRM cells with unique properties are present in the decidua during human early pregnancy. They possess an enhanced capacity to produce effector cytokines and regulatory molecules, which might be important in the balance between maternal-fetal immune tolerance and the capacity to aggressively respond to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiandong Peng
- Shanghai Jiai Genetics & IVF Institute, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meirong Du
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 induces the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and human trophoblast invasion through up-regulating BAMBI. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Warren J, Im M, Ballesteros A, Ha C, Moore T, Lambert F, Lucas S, Hinz B, Dveksler G. Activation of latent transforming growth factor-β1, a conserved function for pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:602-612. [PMID: 30371828 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do all 10 human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoproteins (PSGs) and murine PSG23 activate latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)? SUMMARY ANSWER All human PSGs and murine PSG23 activated latent TGF-β1. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Two of the 10 members of the PSG1 family, PSG1 and PSG9, were previously shown to activate the soluble small latent complex of TGF-β1, a cytokine with potent immune suppressive functions. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Recombinant PSGs were generated and tested for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1 in a cell-free ELISA-based assay and in a bioassay. In addition, we tested the ability of PSG1 and PSG4 to activate latent TGF-β bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on the membranes of the Jurkat human T-cell line. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Recombinant PSGs were generated by transient transfection and purified with a His-Trap column followed by gel filtration chromatography. The purified PSGs were compared to vehicle (PBS) used as control for their ability to activate the small latent complex of TGF-β1. The concentration of active TGF-β was measured in an ELISA using the TGF-β receptor II as capture and a bioassay using transformed mink epithelial cells that express luciferase in response to active TGF-β. The specificity of the signal was confirmed using a TGF-β receptor inhibitor. We also measured the binding kinetics of some human PSGs for the latent-associated peptide (LAP) of TGF-β using surface plasmon resonance and determined whether PSG1 and PSG4 could activate the large latent complex of TGF-β1 bound to the ECM and latent TGF-β1 bound to the cell membrane. All experiments were performed in triplicate wells and repeated three times. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All human PSGs activated the small latent complex of TGF-β1 (P < 0.05 vs. control) and showed similar affinities (KD) for LAP. Despite the lack of sequence conservation with its human counterparts, the ability to activate latent TGF-β1 was shared by a member of the murine PSG family. We found that PSG1 and PSG4 activated the latent TGF-β stored in the ECM (P < 0.01) but did not activate latent TGF-β1 bound to glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) on the surface of Jurkat T cells. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The affinity of the interaction of LAP and PSGs was calculated using recombinant proteins, which may differ from the native proteins in their post-translational modifications. We also utilized a truncated form of murine PSG23 rather than the full-length protein. For the studies testing the ability of PSGs to activate membrane-bound TGF-β1, we utilized the T-cell line Jurkat and Jurkat cells expressing GARP rather than primary T regulatory cells. All the studies were performed in vitro. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Here, we show that all human PSGs activate TGF-β1 and that this function is conserved in at least one member of the rodent PSG family. In vivo PSGs could potentially increase the availability of active TGF-β1 from the soluble and matrix-bound latent forms of the cytokine contributing to the establishment of a tolerogenic environment during pregnancy. LARGE-SCALE DATA None. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The research was supported by a grant from the Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program (CHIRP). No conflicts of interests are declared by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Warren
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Im
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 150 College St., FG234, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS-NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cam Ha
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fanny Lambert
- Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 - B1.74.04, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lucas
- Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75 - B1.74.04, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 150 College St., FG234, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Guo LP, Chen LM, Chen F, Jiang NH, Sui L. Smad signaling coincides with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4726-4737. [PMID: 31497194 PMCID: PMC6731410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a fibrotic disease mainly caused by tissue injury, yet the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of TGF-β1/BMP7/Smad signaling coincident with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in IUA. METHODS Twenty-four female SD rats were divided into IUA and sham groups. For each animal, a mechanical injury or sham operation was performed on the left uterus (IUA-L, Sham-L), and the right uterus (IUA-R, Sham-R) was used as the control. Animals were sacrificed in batches on days 7 and 28. The endometrial morphology, number of endometrial glands, microvascular density (MVD), area of endometrial fibrosis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of biomarkers of EMT, as well as levels of TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3), BMP7, phosphorylated Smad1/5 (pSmad1/5) and estrogen receptor (ER) were evaluated. Besides, the correlation between these IHC markers was also analyzed. RT-PCR and western blot were used to test relevant genes. RESULTS Compared with other groups, the IUA-L group showed a significant decrease in the number of glands and MVD. And it also showed a significant increase in the stromal fibrosis rate and a-SMA level. Moreover, in the IUA-L group, TGF-β1 and pSmad3 levels were consistently high, and levels of BMP7, pSmad1/5 and ER were low. EMT markers E-cadherin was decreased, while N-cadherin was increased. Sham and control groups showed no significant difference in these markers. In addition, E-cadherin with a-SMA, fibrosis rate with BMP7, TGF-β1 with pSmad3 and BMP7 with pSmad1/5 showed correlation in IUA-L group, which had statistical significance. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, a-SMA and ccn2 in 7 d IUA-L was higher than 7 d IUA-R while BMP7 was lower, which had significant difference. The protein expression of BMP7 in 7 d IUA-L was lower than 7 d IUA-R, which had significant difference. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a potential role of Smad signaling together with EMT in endometrial fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Pei Guo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Ning-Hong Jiang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
| | - Long Sui
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, China
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Platelet-rich plasma improves therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in rat model of intrauterine adhesion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:61. [PMID: 30770774 PMCID: PMC6377773 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a major cause of female secondary infertility. We previously demonstrated that menstrual blood-derived stromal cell (MenSC) transplantation helped severe IUA patients have pregnancy and endometrium regeneration. We also initiated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) acted as a beneficial supplement in MenSC culturing and a potential endometrial receptivity regulator. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of combined transplantation of MenSCs with PRP in rat IUA models and the mechanisms of MenSCs in endometrium regeneration. Methods Rat IUA models were established by intrauterine mechanical injured. Nine days later, all rats were randomly assigned to four groups received different treatment: placebo, MenSC transplantation, PRP transplantation, and MenSCs + PRP transplantation. The traces of MenSCs were tracked with GFP label. Endometrial morphology and pathology, tissue proliferation, inflammation, pregnancy outcomes, and mechanism of MenSCs in the regeneration of endometrium were investigated. Results Notably, at days 9 and 18 post-treatment, MenSC transplantation significantly improved endometrial proliferation, angiogenesis, and morphology recovery and decreased collagen fibrosis and inflammation in the uterus. MenSCs had lesion chemotaxis, colonized around the endometrial glands. Gene expression of human-derived secretory protein IGF-1, SDF-1, and TSP-1 was detected in the uterus received MenSCs at day 18. The three treatments can all improve fertility in IUA rats. Moreover, gene expressions of cell proliferation, developmental processes, and other biological processes were induced in MenSC transplantation group. Hippo signaling pathway was the most significantly changed pathway, and the downstream factors CTGF, Wnt5a, and Gdf5 were significantly regulated in treatment groups. PRP enhanced these parameters through a synergistic effect. Conclusions In summary, MenSCs could effectively improve uterine proliferation, markedly accelerate endometrial damage repairment and promote fertility restoration in IUA rats, suggesting a paracrine restorative effect and Hippo signaling pathway stimulation. Our results indicate MenSCs, a valuable source of cells for transplantation in the treatment intrauterine adhesion. Combined with PRP, this cell therapy was more effective. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1155-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Glandular defects in the mouse uterus with sustained activation of TGF-beta signaling is associated with altered differentiation of endometrial stromal cells and formation of stromal compartment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209417. [PMID: 30550590 PMCID: PMC6294433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine gland development, also known as adenogenesis, is a key uterine morphogenic process indispensable for normal uterine function and fertility. Our earlier studies have reported that overactivation of TGFB receptor 1 (TGFBR1) in the mouse uterus using progesterone receptor (Pgr)-Cre recombinase causes female infertility, defective decidualization, and reduced uterine gland formation, a developmental milestone of postnatal uterus. To understand mechanisms that underpin the disrupted uterine gland formation in mice with sustained activation of TGFBR1, we raised the question of whether early postnatal adenogenesis was compromised in these mice. Experiments were designed using mice with constitutive activation of TGFBR1 driven by Pgr-Cre to determine the timing of adenogenic defects and potential mechanisms associated with dysregulation of adenogenic genes, luminal epithelial cell proliferation and endometrial fibrotic changes. Uterine tissues from mice with constitutive activation of TGFBR1 were collected during the critical time window of adenogenesis and analyzed together with age-matched controls. Multiple approaches including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Trichrome staining, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, conditional knockout and human endometrial cell culture were utilized. TGFBR1 activation in the mouse uterus suppressed adenogenesis during postnatal uterine development, concomitant with the aberrant differentiation of uterine stromal cells. Analysis of transcript expression of WNT pathway components revealed dysregulation of adenogenesis-associated genes. Notably, the adenogenic defects occurred in spite of the increased proliferation of uterine luminal epithelial cells, accompanied by increased expression of genes associated with fibrotic changes. Moreover, the adenogenic defects were alleviated in mice where TGFBR1 was activated in presumably half of the complement of uterine cells. Our results suggest that altered differentiation of endometrial stromal cells and formation of stromal compartment promote adenogenic defects.
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Visser A, Beijer M, Oudejans CBM, van Dijk M. The effect of maternal NODAL on STOX1 expression in extravillous trophoblasts is mediated by IGF1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202190. [PMID: 30092105 PMCID: PMC6084977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of molecules identified to be involved in communication between placenta and decidua is fast expanding. Previously, we showed that NODAL expressed in maternal endometrial stromal cells is able to affect NODAL and STOX1 expression in placental extravillous trophoblasts. The effect of maternal NODAL on placental NODAL expression is achieved via Activin A, while preliminary data suggests that maternal NODAL affects STOX1 expression in trophoblasts potentially via IGF1. In the current study, T-HESC endometrial stromal cells were treated with siRNAs against NODAL after which IGF1 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR, while IGF1 secretion was measured by ELISA. Recombinant IGF1 and inhibitors of the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways were added to SGHPL-5 extravillous trophoblasts after which the effects on STOX1 mRNA and STOX1 protein expression were determined. The effect of IGF1 and the MAPK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors on the invasive capacity of SGHPL-5 cells was investigated by performing invasion assays. We found that T-HESC cells treated with NODAL siRNAs showed significant upregulation of IGF1 mRNA expression and IGF1 protein secretion. Addition of IGF1 to SGHPL-5 cell media significantly upregulated STOX1 mRNA and protein expression. Using inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway showed that the effect of IGF1 on STOX1 expression is accomplished via MAPK signaling. Secondly, PI3K inhibition independently leads to reduced STOX1 expression which can be rescued by adding IGF1. IGF1 was unable to influence the invasive capacity of SGHPL-5 cells, while inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway did reduce the invasion of these cells. To conclude, here we show that downregulated NODAL expression in endometrial stromal cells, previously associated with pre-eclampsia like symptoms in mice, increases IGF1 secretion. Increased levels of IGF1 lead to increased expression levels of STOX1 in extravillous trophoblasts via the MAPK pathway, hereby identifying a novel signaling cascade involved in maternal-fetal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allerdien Visser
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Beijer
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees B. M. Oudejans
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie van Dijk
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Zhao HJ, Chang HM, Zhu H, Klausen C, Li Y, Leung PCK. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Promotes Human Trophoblast Cell Invasion by Inducing Activin A Production. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2815-2825. [PMID: 29846546 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and activin A belong to the TGF-β superfamily and are highly expressed in human endometrium and placenta. Studies have demonstrated that activin A and BMP2 play essential roles in the process of early embryo implantation by promoting human trophoblast cell invasion. However, whether activin A production can be regulated by BMP2 in human trophoblast cells remains unknown. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of BMP2 on activin A production and its role in human trophoblast invasion. Primary human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells were used as study models. BMP2 treatment significantly increased inhibin βA (INHBA) mRNA levels and activin A production without altering inhibin α and inhibin βB levels. BMP2-induced EVT cell invasion was attenuated by knockdown of INHBA. The increased INHBA transcription and activin A production by BMP2 were blocked by the type I receptor activin receptor (ACVR)-like kinase 2 (ALK2) and activin receptor-like kinase 3 (ALK3) inhibitor dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH-1). BMP2-induced INHBA upregulation was also inhibited by knockdown of type I receptor ALK3 or combined knockdown of type II receptors for BMP2 (BMPR2) and ACVR2A. Whereas BMP2 initiated both canonical SMAD1/5/8 and noncanonical SMAD2/3 signaling, only knockdown of SMAD4, but not SMAD2 and SMAD3, abolished the effects of BMP2 on INHBA. Our results show that BMP2 increases human trophoblast invasion by upregulating INHBA and activin A production via ALK3-BMPR2/ACVR2A-SMAD1/5/8-SMAD4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Adams NR, Vasquez YM, Mo Q, Gibbons W, Kovanci E, DeMayo FJ. WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 regulates human endometrial stromal cell decidualization, proliferation, and migration in part through mitogen-activated protein kinase 7. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:400-412. [PMID: 29025069 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells, termed decidualization, is an integral step in the establishment of pregnancy. The mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog, WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (WNK1), is activated downstream of epidermal growth factor receptor during decidualization. Primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were subjected to small interfering RNA knockdown of WNK1 followed by in vitro decidualization. This abrogated expression of the decidual marker genes, insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and prolactin (PRL), and prevented adoption of decidual cell morphology. Analysis of the WNK1-dependent transcriptome by RNA-Seq demonstrated that WNK1 regulates the expression of 1858 genes during decidualization. Gene ontology and upstream regulator pathway analysis showed that WNK1 regulates cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. WNK1 was required for many of the gene expression changes that drive decidualization, including the induction of the inflammatory cytokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8), interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), and interleukin 15 (IL15), and the repression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway genes, including early growth response 2 (EGR2), SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), integrin subunit alpha 2 (ITGA2), integrin subunit alpha 4 (ITGA4), and integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3). In addition to abrogating decidualization, WNK1 knockdown decreased the migration and proliferation of HESCs. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7), a known downstream target of WNK1, was activated during decidualization in a WNK1-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA knockdown of MAPK7 demonstrated that MAPK7 regulates a subset of WNK1-regulated genes and controls the migration and proliferation of HESCs. These results indicate that WNK1 and MAPK7 promote migration and proliferation during decidualization and regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and TGF-beta pathway genes in HESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa R Adams
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yasmin M Vasquez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Gibbons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ertug Kovanci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Grasso E, Gori S, Paparini D, Soczewski E, Fernández L, Gallino L, Salamone G, Martinez G, Irigoyen M, Ruhlmann C, Pérez Leirós C, Ramhorst R. VIP induces the decidualization program and conditions the immunoregulation of the implantation process. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:63-72. [PMID: 28689770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The decidualization process involves phenotype and functional changes on endometrial cells and the modulation of mediators with immunoregulatory properties as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We investigate VIP contribution to the decidualization program and to immunoregulation throughout the human embryo implantation process. The decidualization of Human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC) with Medroxyprogesterone-dibutyryl-cAMP increased VIP/VPAC-receptors system. In fact, VIP could induce decidualization increasing differentiation markers (IGFBP1, PRL, KLF13/KLF9 ratio, CXCL12, CXCL8 and CCL2) and allowing Blastocyst-like spheroids (BLS) invasion in an in vitro model of embryo implantation. Focus on the tolerogenic effects, decidualized cells induced a semi-mature profile on maternal dendritic cells; restrained CD4+ cells recruitment while increased regulatory T-cells recruitment. Interestingly, the human blastocyst conditioned media from developmentally impaired embryos diminished the invasion and T-regulatory cells recruitment in these settings. These evidences suggest that VIP contributes to the implantation process inducing decidualization, allowing BLS invasion and favoring a tolerogenic micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Grasso
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Soledad Gori
- Institute of Experimental Medicine IMEX-CONICET, National Academy of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Soczewski
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Fernández
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Lucila Gallino
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Salamone
- Institute of Experimental Medicine IMEX-CONICET, National Academy of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Argentina.
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Abstract
Decidualization is an intricate biological process where extensive morphological, functional, and genetic changes take place in endometrial stromal cells to support the development of an implanting blastocyst. Deficiencies in decidualization are associated with pregnancy complications and reproductive diseases. Decidualization is coordinately regulated by steroid hormones, growth factors, and molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily signaling regulates multifaceted reproductive processes. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in uterine decidualization is poorly understood. Recent studies using the Cre-LoxP strategy have shed new light on the critical role of TGFβ signaling machinery in uterine decidualization. Herein, we focus on reviewing exciting findings from studies using both mouse genetics and in vitro cultured human endometrial stromal cells. We also delve into emerging mechanisms that underlie decidualization, such as non-coding RNAs and epigenetic modifications. We envision that future studies aimed at defining the interrelationship among TGFβ signaling circuitries and their potential interactions with epigenetic modifications/non-coding RNAs during uterine decidualization will open new avenues to treat pregnancy complications associated with decidualization deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Role of growth differentiation factor 11 in development, physiology and disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81604-81616. [PMID: 29113418 PMCID: PMC5655313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor (GDF11) is a member of TGF-β/BMP superfamily that activates Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways and regulates expression of its target nuclear genes. Since its discovery in 1999, studies have shown the involvement of GDF11 in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development and erythropoiesis, as well as in the pathophysiology of aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. In addition, there are contradictory reports regarding the role of GDF11 in aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, osteogenesis, skeletal muscle development, and neurogenesis. In this review, we describe the GDF11 signaling pathway and its potential role in development, physiology and disease.
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Suzuki S, Nakashima N, Kageyama M, Yamagata K. A phytoestrogen supplement prevents the altered gene expression associated with pregnancy implantation induced by IL-1β in endometrial epithelial cells. Reprod Biol 2017. [PMID: 28647515 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens stimulate expression of the uterine estrogen receptor and regulate uterine functions in reproductive tissues. However, comprehensive understanding of the beneficial impacts of phytoestrogens on uterine biology at the molecular level remains unexplored. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression is increased in the inflamed decidua and is associated with first trimester pregnancy loss. AglyMax-Sup has the same composition as that of the phytoestrogen supplement AglyMax but with added vitamins and other components. Expression of genes associated with implantation may be enhanced by AglyMax-Sup compared with AglyMax. We tested the hypothesis that AglyMax-Sup has greater effects on implantation compared with AglyMax, using RT-PCR and Western blotting in the endometrial epithelial cell line. Furthermore, we investigated the protective effect of AglyMax-Sup on IL-1βinduced changes in estrogen-responsive gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the phytoestrogen supplement AglyMax-Sup with those of AglyMax on estrogen-responsive gene expression. AglyMax and AglyMax-Sup significantly (p<0.05) induced gene expression of glycodelin-A, HoxA10, IL-11, LIF, MEG-E8 and TGFβ1. AglyMax-Sup induced high levels of these genes compared with the levels induced by AglyMax. The enhanced expression of LIF, IL-11, integrin αV, and HOXA10 induced by AglyMax-Sup was abolished by the ER antagonist fulvestrant and the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Meanwhile, IL-1β inhibited progesterone plus estrogen-induced TGFβ1, glycodelin-A, HOXA10, and integrin αV expression. IL-1β-induced suppression of these expression was reversed by AglyMax-Sup. These results indicate that expression of genes associated with implantation may be increased by AglyMax-Sup compared with AglyMax. AglyMax-Sup might abrogate IL-1β-mediated changes that can affect embryo implantation via the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Suzuki
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University (NUBS), Japan.
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Celik O, Acet M, Celik S, Sahin L, Koc O, Celik N. Hypothesis: Co-transfer of genuine embryos and implantation-promoting compounds via artificial containers improve endometrium receptivity. Med Hypotheses 2017; 103:65-70. [PMID: 28571815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As with other organs endometrial functions are altered with the advancing age. Age related decrease in reproductive functions leads to decline in the number of oocytes retrieved and the synthesis of endometrial receptivity molecules. Despite the significant improvement in assisted reproductive technologies we do not have so many options to enhance endometrial receptivity. Due to lack of drugs having endometrium receptivity enhancement properties, oocyte donation seems to be the only solution for women with implantation failure. The euploid oocytes come from young and healthy donors may overcome age associated endometrial receptivity defect. Nevertheless, many reasons restrict us from using oocyte donation in women with implantation failure. We, therefore, hypothesized that by mimicking a young blastocyst's effect on endometrium, the transfer of genuine embryos and implantation-promoting compounds together might be the new treatment option for infertile women with recurrent implantation failure. Artificial beads, MI or GV oocytes, and empty zona can be used as a container for intrauterine replacement of implantation-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onder Celik
- Private Clinic, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Usak, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Acet
- Istanbul Medipol University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Levent Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kafkas University School of Medicine, Kars, Turkey
| | - Onder Koc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Memorial Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilufer Celik
- Department of Biochemistry, Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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Carrarelli P, Funghi L, Ciarmela P, Centini G, Reis FM, Dela Cruz C, Mattei A, Vannuccini S, Petraglia F. Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis and Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Express High Levels of Myostatin and Its Receptors Messenger RNAs. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1577-1582. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117698579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Carrarelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Funghi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Centini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fernando M. Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Division of Human Reproduction, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alberto Mattei
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Chen H, Song Y, Yang S, Fu J, Feng X, Huang W. YAP mediates human decidualization of the uterine endometrial stromal cells. Placenta 2017; 53:30-35. [PMID: 28487017 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The decidualization of uterine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is critical for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and involves extensive cell proliferation and differentiation. A newly established signaling pathway, the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway, plays a critical role in these proliferation processes. Our previous study demonstrated that YAP is expressed in human ESCs. However, its role in decidualization remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of YAP in the decidualization of human ESCs. METHODS The expression of YAP was first investigated in the endometrium of non-pregnant women and in the decidua of pregnant women. The role of YAP was investigated by transfecting ESCs with mRNA silencing constructs and observing the negative effects of this action upon decidualization induced in vitro. RESULTS Our results revealed that the expression of YAP was higher in decidual cells from early pregnant decidua compared with ESCs from non-pregnant endometrium. The expression levels of YAP and TEA domain 1 (TEAD1) were both increased in ESCs during in vitro decidualization and the knockdown of YAP in ESCs caused negative effects upon decidualization in vitro. DISCUSSION Our study suggests that YAP is upregulated in human decidual cells compared with ESCs and influences the decidualization of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Richards EG, El-Nashar SA, Schoolmeester JK, Keeney GL, Mariani A, Hopkins MR, Dowdy SC, Daftary GS, Famuyide AO. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Is Associated With Increased BMP7 Expression in Human Endometrium. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:671-681. [PMID: 28142396 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116671218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), a common health concern of women, is a heterogeneous clinical entity that is traditionally categorized into organic and nonorganic causes. Despite varied pharmacologic treatments, few offer sustained efficacy, as most are empiric, unfocused, and do not directly address underlying dysregulated molecular mechanisms. Characterization of such molecular derangements affords the opportunity to develop and use novel, more successful treatments for AUB. Given its implication in other organ systems, we hypothesized that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression is altered in patients with AUB and hence comprehensively investigated dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways by systematically screening 489 samples from 365 patients for differences in the expression of BMP2, 4, 6, and 7 ligands, BMPR1A and B receptors, and downstream SMAD4, 6, and 7 proteins. Expression analysis was correlated clinically with data abstracted from medical records, including bleeding history, age at procedure, ethnicity, body mass index, hormone treatment, and histological diagnosis of fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, hyperplasia, and cancer. Expression of BMP7 ligand was significantly increased in patients with AUB (H-score: 18.0 vs 26.7; P < .0001). Patients reporting heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) as their specific AUB pattern demonstrated significantly higher BMP7 expression. Significantly, no differences in the expression of any other BMP ligands, receptors, or SMAD proteins were observed in this large patient cohort. However, expression of BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and SMAD4 was significantly decreased in cancer compared to benign samples. Our study demonstrates that BMP7 is a promising target for future investigation and pharmacologic treatment of AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott G Richards
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sherif A El-Nashar
- 2 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John K Schoolmeester
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary L Keeney
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Mariani
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Hopkins
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gaurang S Daftary
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Soumya V, Padmanabhan RA, Titus S, Laloraya M. Murine uterine decidualization is a novel function of autoimmune regulator-beyond immune tolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 76:224-34. [PMID: 27432359 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, and ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, APS-1) patients characterized by Aire (autoimmune regulator) mutations and Aire homozygous knockouts (Aire(-/-) ) exhibit infertility. It is not clear as to what contributes to infertility in the above. METHOD OF STUDY This study investigates the expression of "AIRE in the uterus" and its contribution to early pregnancy of mice by using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and in vivo Aire silencing experiments. RESULTS Aire (Isoform 1a) is expressed in the uterus during the "window of implantation" and decidualization. In vivo Aire silencing interfered with formation of implantation sites and stromal cell transformation by regulating bone morphogenetic protein-2,4 (Bmp2, Bmp4), homeobox A10 (Hoxa10), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1(Igfbp1) leading to pregnancy failure. CONCLUSION Our consolidated results on extrathymic uterine expression of AIRE during early pregnancy and decidualization and impaired fertility on in vivo silencing are suggestive of its importance in pregnancy via a role beyond immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi Soumya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Renjini A Padmanabhan
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiny Titus
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Malini Laloraya
- Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Human Decidual Stromal Cells as a Component of the Implantation Niche and a Modulator of Maternal Immunity. J Pregnancy 2016; 2016:8689436. [PMID: 27239344 PMCID: PMC4864559 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8689436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human decidua is a specialized tissue characterized by embryo-receptive properties. It is formed during the secretory phase of menstrual cycle from uterine mucosa termed endometrium. The decidua is composed of glands, immune cells, blood and lymph vessels, and decidual stromal cells (DSCs). In the process of decidualization, which is controlled by oestrogen and progesterone, DSCs acquire specific functions related to recognition, selection, and acceptance of the allogeneic embryo, as well as to development of maternal immune tolerance. In this review we discuss the relationship between the decidualization of DSCs and pathological obstetrical and gynaecological conditions. Moreover, the critical influence of DSCs on local immune cells populations as well as their relationship to the onset and maintenance of immune tolerance is described.
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O'Connell AR, McNatty KP, Hurst PR, Spencer TE, Bazer FW, Reader KL, Johnstone PD, Davis GH, Juengel JL. Activin A and follistatin during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in ewes. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:193-203. [PMID: 26733604 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The activin pathway has been postulated to be involved in regulation of multiple reproductive processes important for survival of the conceptus. These processes include luteinisation of the follicular cells and thus function of the corpus luteum, early embryo development and uterine function including implantation of the conceptus. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine whether the concentrations of activin A and follistatin (FST), an activin-binding protein, differed between ewes with a lifetime history of enhanced or reduced embryonic survival (ES). The mRNAs encoding FST and activin A (inhibin beta A subunit; INHBA) were present in the uterus and abundant in the uterine luminal or glandular epithelia by day 18 of gestation. A peak of activin A was observed in the systemic circulation around the time of oestrus, and activin A concentrations were elevated in animals with reduced ES during the oestrous cycle and early gestation. Concentrations of activin A in uterine fluid were approximately twofold greater on day 16 of gestation in ewes with reduced ES compared to those with enhanced ES. No consistent differences in FST were observed between these groups. Treatment of luteinising ovine granulosa cells with activin A in vitro suppressed progesterone secretion providing evidence of a potential pathway whereby increased concentrations of activin A may decrease ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R O'Connell
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Kenneth P McNatty
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Peter R Hurst
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Karen L Reader
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Peter D Johnstone
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - George H Davis
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
| | - Jennifer L Juengel
- Animal ReproductionAgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Puddle Alley Mosgiel, Mosgiel 9092, New ZealandSchool of Biological SciencesVictoria University, Wellington 6021, New ZealandDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Animal SciencesWashington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6353, USADepartment of Animal ScienceCenter for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471, USA
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Carrarelli P, Yen CF, Arcuri F, Funghi L, Tosti C, Wang TH, Huang JS, Petraglia F. Myostatin, follistatin and activin type II receptors are highly expressed in adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:744-52.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tasaki H, Zhao L, Isayama K, Chen H, Yamauchi N, Shigeyoshi Y, Hashimoto S, Hattori MA. Inhibitory role of REV-ERBα in the expression of bone morphogenetic protein gene family in rat uterus endometrium stromal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C528-38. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00220.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uterus circadian rhythms have been implicated in the gestation processes of mammals through entraining of the clock proteins to numerous downstream genes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), having clock-controlled regulatory sites in their gene promoters, are expressed in the uterus during decidualization, but the regulation of the Bmp gene expression is poorly understood. The present study was designed to dissect the physiological roles of the uterus oscillators in the Bmp expression using the uterus endometrial stromal cells (UESCs) isolated from Per2-dLuc transgenic rats on day 4.5 of gestation. The in vitro decidualization of UESCs was induced by medroxyprogesterone acetate and 2-O-dibutyryl cAMP. A significant decline of Per2-dLuc bioluminescence activity was induced in decidual cells, and concomitantly, the expression of canonical clock genes was downregulated. Conversely, the expression of the core Bmp genes Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp6, and Bmp7 was upregulated. In UESCs transfected with Bmal1-specific siRNA, in which Rev-erbα expression was downregulated, Bmp genes, such as Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bmp6 were upregulated. However, Bmp1, Bmp7, and Bmp8a were not significantly affected by Bmal1 silencing. The expression of all Bmp genes was enhanced after treatment with the REV-ERBα antagonist (SR8278), although their rhythmic profiles were differed from each other. The binding of REV-ERBα to the proximal regions of the Bmp2 and Bmp4 promoters was revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR analysis. Collectively, these results indicate that the Bmp genes are upregulated by the attenuation of the cellular circadian clock; in particular, its core component REV-ERBα functions as a transcriptional silencer in the Bmp gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tasaki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lijia Zhao
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keishiro Isayama
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Huatao Chen
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamauchi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; and
| | | | - Masa-aki Hattori
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Leno-Durán E, Ruiz-Magaña MJ, Muñoz-Fernández R, Requena F, Olivares EG, Ruiz-Ruiz C. Human decidual stromal cells secrete soluble pro-apoptotic factors during decidualization in a cAMP-dependent manner. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2269-77. [PMID: 25124667 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there a relationship between decidualization and apoptosis of decidual stromal cells (DSC)? SUMMARY ANSWER Decidualization triggers the secretion of soluble factors that induce apoptosis in DSC. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The differentiation and apoptosis of DSC during decidualization of the receptive decidua are crucial processes for the controlled invasion of trophoblasts in normal pregnancy. Most DSC regress in a time-dependent manner, and their removal is important to provide space for the embryo to grow. However, the mechanism that controls DSC death is poorly understood. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The apoptotic response of DSC was analyzed after exposure to different exogenous agents and during decidualization. The apoptotic potential of decidualized DSC supernatants and prolactin (PRL) was also evaluated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DSC lines were established from samples of decidua from first trimester pregnancies. Apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. PRL production, as a marker of decidualization, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE DSCs were resistant to a variety of apoptosis-inducing substances. Nevertheless, DSC underwent apoptosis during decidualization in culture, with cAMP being essential for both apoptosis and differentiation. In addition, culture supernatants from decidualized DSC induced apoptosis in undifferentiated DSC, although paradoxically these supernatants decreased the spontaneous apoptosis of decidual lymphocytes. Exogenously added PRL did not induce apoptosis in DSC and an antibody that neutralized the PRL receptor did not decrease the apoptosis induced by supernatants. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONS Further studies are needed to examine the involvement of other soluble factors secreted by decidualized DSC in the induction of apoptosis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The present results indicate that apoptosis of DSC occurs in parallel to differentiation, in response to decidualization signals, with soluble factors secreted by decidualized DSC being responsible for triggering cell death. These studies are relevant in the understanding of how the regression of decidua, a crucial process for successful pregnancy, takes place. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía (Grant CTS-6183, Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia 2010 to C.R.-R.) and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain (Grants PS09/00339 and PI12/01085 to E.G.O.). E.L.-D. was supported by fellowships from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain and the University of Granada. The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leno-Durán
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz-Magaña
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - R Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - F Requena
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - E G Olivares
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - C Ruiz-Ruiz
- Unidad de Inmunología, IBIMER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Granada 18016, Spain
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Carrarelli P, Rocha ALL, Belmonte G, Zupi E, Abrão MS, Arcuri F, Piomboni P, Petraglia F. Increased expression of antimüllerian hormone and its receptor in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1353-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Grasso E, Paparini D, Agüero M, Mor G, Pérez Leirós C, Ramhorst R. VIP contribution to the decidualization program: regulatory T cell recruitment. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:121-31. [PMID: 24492467 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During early pregnancy, the human uterus undergoes profound tissue remodeling characterized by leukocyte invasion and production of proinflammatory cytokines, followed by tissue repair and tolerance maintenance induction. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is produced by trophoblast cells and modulates the maternal immune response toward a tolerogenic profile. Here, we evaluated the contribution of the VIP/VPAC to endometrial renewal, inducing decidualization and the recruitment of induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) that accompany the implantation period. For that purpose, we used an in vitro model of decidualization with a human endometrial stromal cell line (HESC) stimulated with progesterone (P4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulating the inflammatory response during implantation and human iTregs (CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+)) differentiated from naïve T cells obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of fertile women. We observed that VIP and its receptor VPAC1 are constitutively expressed in HESCs and that P4 increased VIP expression. Moreover, in HESC VIP induced expression of RANTES (CCL5), one of the main chemokines involved in T cell recruitment, and this effect is enhanced by the presence of P4 and LPS. Finally, assays of the migration of iTregs toward conditioned media from HESCs revealed that endogenous VIP production induced by P4 and LPS and RANTES production were involved, as anti-RANTES neutralizing Ab or VIP antagonist prevented their migration. We conclude that VIP may have an active role in the decidualization process, thus contributing to recruitment of iTregs toward endometrial stromal cells by increasing RANTES expression in a P4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Grasso
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires and IQUIBICEN- CONICET (National Research Council of Science and Technology), Int. Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2 Piso 4, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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