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Hubbard IC, Thompson JS, Else KJ, Shears RK. Another decade of Trichuris muris research: An update and application of key discoveries. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 121:1-63. [PMID: 37474238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The mouse whipworm, Trichuris muris, has been used for over 60 years as a tractable model for human trichuriasis, caused by the related whipworm species, T. trichiura. The history of T. muris research, from the discovery of the parasite in 1761 to understanding the lifecycle and outcome of infection with different doses (high versus low dose infection), as well as the immune mechanisms associated with parasite expulsion and chronic infection have been detailed in an earlier review published in 2013. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of whipworm biology, host-parasite interactions and basic immunology brought about using the T. muris mouse model, focussing on developments from the last decade. In addition to the traditional high/low dose infection models that have formed the mainstay of T. muris research to date, novel models involving trickle (repeated low dose) infection in laboratory mice or infection in wild or semi-wild mice have led to important insights into how immunity develops in situ in a multivariate environment, while the use of novel techniques such as the development of caecal organoids (enabling the study of larval development ex vivo) promise to deliver important insights into host-parasite interactions. In addition, the genome and transcriptome analyses of T. muris and T. trichiura have proven to be invaluable tools, particularly in the context of vaccine development and identification of secreted products including proteins, extracellular vesicles and micro-RNAs, shedding further light on how these parasites communicate with their host and modulate the immune response to promote their own survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Hubbard
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob S Thompson
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J Else
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca K Shears
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Phuong-Nguyen K, McNeill BA, Aston-Mourney K, Rivera LR. Advanced Glycation End-Products and Their Effects on Gut Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020405. [PMID: 36678276 PMCID: PMC9867518 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed when reducing sugars are heated with proteins, amino acids, or lipids at high temperatures for a prolonged period. The presence and accumulation of AGEs in numerous cell types and tissues are known to be prevalent in the pathology of many diseases. Modern diets, which contain a high proportion of processed foods and therefore a high level of AGE, cause deleterious effects leading to a multitude of unregulated intracellular and extracellular signalling and inflammatory pathways. Currently, many studies focus on investigating the chemical and structural aspects of AGEs and how they affect the metabolism and the cardiovascular and renal systems. Studies have also shown that AGEs affect the digestive system. However, there is no complete picture of the implication of AGEs in this area. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the first and principal site for the digestion and absorption of dietary AGEs but also one of the most susceptible organs to AGEs, which may exert many local and systemic effects. In this review, we summarise the current evidence of the association between a high-AGE diet and poor health outcomes, with a special focus on the relationship between dietary AGEs and alterations in the gastrointestinal structure, modifications in enteric neurons, and microbiota reshaping.
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Li X, Ma H, Sun Y, Li T, Wang C, Zheng H, Chen G, Du G, Ji G, Yang H, Xiao W, Qiu Y. Effects of fecal stream deprivation on human intestinal barrier after loop ileostomy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1119-1130. [PMID: 35437816 PMCID: PMC9323512 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal homeostasis is closely associated with the normal intestinal luminal physiological environment. Temporary loop ileostomy changes the intestinal structure and diverts the fecal stream, thereby disturbing the intestinal environment. This study aimed to clarify the changing situation of the human intestinal mucosa barrier in the absence of a fecal stream after loop ileostomy. METHODS We obtained paired samples from the fed (fecal stream maintained) and unfed (no fecal stream) portions of the loop ileostomy and subjected these samples to RNA sequencing. We also determined transepithelial electrical resistance. The mucus layer thickness and content of MUC2, tight junction proteins, and common antimicrobial peptides in ileum mucosa were studied. RESULTS Transcriptome data revealed that genes associated with enhancing the intestinal barrier function of the unfed ileum were significantly decreased and genes associated with immune defense response were significantly increased. The transepithelial electrical resistance was lower and the mucus layer thickness was thinner in the unfed ileal mucosa than in the fed ileum. The MUC2, Occludin, and zonula occludens 1 content was lower in the unfed ileum than in the fed ileum. α-Defensin 5, α-defensin 6, and lysozyme content was higher in the unfed ileum than in the enterally fed ileum. CONCLUSION Intestinal barrier function is weakened after long-term fecal diversion, but antimicrobiota defense function is strengthened. Thus, the intestinal mucosa barrier adopts an alternative stable state during fecal diversion, which may explain the clinical paucity of cases of enterogenic infection caused by loop ileostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Preventive MedicineArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangyan Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Yousefi Y, Haq S, Banskota S, Kwon YH, Khan WI. Trichuris muris Model: Role in Understanding Intestinal Immune Response, Inflammation and Host Defense. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080925. [PMID: 34451389 PMCID: PMC8399713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several parasites have evolved to survive in the human intestinal tract and over 1 billion people around the world, specifically in developing countries, are infected with enteric helminths. Trichuris trichiura is one of the world’s most common intestinal parasites that causes human parasitic infections. Trichuris muris, as an immunologically well-defined mouse model of T. trichiura, is extensively used to study different aspects of the innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Studies on T. muris model offer insights into understanding host immunity, since this parasite generates two distinct immune responses in resistant and susceptible strains of mouse. Apart from the immune cells, T. muris infection also influences various components of the intestinal tract, especially the gut microbiota, mucus layer, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Here, we reviewed the different immune responses generated by innate and adaptive immune components during acute and chronic T. muris infections. Furthermore, we discussed the importance of studying T. muris model in understanding host–parasite interaction in the context of alteration in the host’s microbiota, intestinal barrier, inflammation, and host defense, and in parasite infection-mediated modulation of other immune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Yousefi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Room 3N7, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.Y.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (Y.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Room 3N7, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.Y.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (Y.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Room 3N7, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.Y.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (Y.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Room 3N7, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.Y.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (Y.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre Room 3N7, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (Y.Y.); (S.H.); (S.B.); (Y.H.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-521-2100 (ext. 22846)
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Cabrera-García AI, Protschka M, Alber G, Kather S, Dengler F, Müller U, Steiner JM, Heilmann RM. Dysregulation of gastrointestinal RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) expression in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110216. [PMID: 33636544 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in dogs involves dysregulated innate immune responses. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a pattern recognition receptor, plays a role in chronic inflammation. Abrogation of proinflammatory RAGE signaling by ligand binding (e.g., S100/calgranulins) to soluble RAGE (sRAGE) might also be a novel therapeutic avenue. Serum sRAGE levels are decreased in canine CIE, but gastrointestinal tissue RAGE expression has not been investigated in dogs. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the gastrointestinal mucosal RAGE expression in dogs with CIE. Further, the potential binding of RAGE to canine S100/calgranulin ligands was investigated. Epithelial RAGE expression was quantified in gastrointestinal (gastric, duodenal, ileal, and colonic) biopsies from 12 dogs with CIE and 9 healthy control dogs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RAGE expression was compared between both groups of dogs and was tested for an association with patient characteristics, clinical variables, histologic lesion severity, and biomarkers of extra-gastrointestinal disease, systemic or gastrointestinal inflammation, function, or protein loss. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RAGE:S100/calgranulin binding was assessed by immunoassay and electrophoretic techniques. RAGE expression was detected in all 59 biopsies from diseased and healthy control dogs evaluated. Epithelial RAGE expression in the duodenum and colon was significantly higher in dogs with CIE than in healthy controls (p < 0.04). Compared to healthy controls, RAGE expression in dogs with CIE also tended to be higher in the ileum but lower in the stomach. A slight (statistically not significant) shift towards more basal intestinal epithelial RAGE expression was detected in CIE dogs. Serum sRAGE was proportional to epithelial RAGE expression in the duodenum (p < 0.04), and RAGE expression in the colon inversely correlated with biomarkers of protein loss in serum (both p < 0.04). Several histologic morphologic and inflammatory lesion criteria and markers of inflammation (serum C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin concentration) were related to epithelial RAGE expression in the duodenum, ileum, and/or colon. in vitro canine RAGE:S100A12 binding appeared more pronounced than RAGE:S100A8/A9 binding. This study showed a dysregulation of epithelial RAGE expression along the gastrointestinal tract in dogs with CIE. Compensatory regulations in the sRAGE/RAGE axis are an alternative explanation for these findings. The results suggest that RAGE signaling plays a role in dogs with CIE, but higher anti-inflammatory decoy receptor sRAGE levels paralleled RAGE overexpression. Canine S100/calgranulins were demonstrated to be ligands for RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Cabrera-García
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - M Protschka
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - G Alber
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - S Kather
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - F Dengler
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - U Müller
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnological-Biomedical Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, SN, Germany.
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Machahua C, Guler SA, Horn MP, Planas-Cerezales L, Montes-Worboys A, Geiser TK, Molina-Molina M, Funke-Chambour M. Serum calprotectin as new biomarker for disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a cross-sectional study in two independent cohorts. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e000827. [PMID: 33451989 PMCID: PMC7813379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive biomarkers for the assessment of disease severity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are urgently needed. Calprotectin belongs to the S-100 proteins produced by neutrophils, which likely contribute to IPF pathogenesis. Calprotectin is a well-established biomarker in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to establish the potential role of calprotectin as a biomarker in IPF. Specifically, we hypothesised that patients with IPF have higher serum calprotectin levels compared with healthy controls, and that calprotectin levels are associated with disease severity. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n=26) and from two independent IPF cohorts (derivation cohort n=26, validation cohort n=66). Serum calprotectin levels were measured with a commercial kit adapted for that purpose and compared between healthy controls and patients with IPF. Clinical parameters, including forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and the Composite Physiologic Index (CPI), were correlated with calprotectin serum levels. RESULTS The IPF derivation cohort showed increased serum calprotectin levels compared with healthy controls (2.47±1.67 vs 0.97±0.53 µg/mL, p<0.001). In addition, serum calprotectin levels correlated with DLCO% predicted (r=-0.53, p=0.007) and with CPI (r=0.66, p=0.007). These findings were confirmed in an independent IPF validation cohort. CONCLUSION Serum calprotectin levels are significantly increased in patients with IPF compared with healthy controls and correlate with DLCO and CPI. Calprotectin might be a potential new biomarker for disease severity in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Machahua
- Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabina A Guler
- Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Horn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lurdes Planas-Cerezales
- Unit of interstitial lung disease, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Bellvitge L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Pneumology Research Group, Institut D'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Montes-Worboys
- Pneumology Research Group, Institut D'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas K Geiser
- Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Molina-Molina
- Unit of interstitial lung disease, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Bellvitge L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Pneumology Research Group, Institut D'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuela Funke-Chambour
- Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland .,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nie C, Li Y, Qian H, Ying H, Wang L. Advanced glycation end products in food and their effects on intestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3103-3115. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1863904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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