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Shisler S, Lee JK, Schlienz NJ, Hawk LW, Thanos PK, Kong KL, Leising MC, Eiden RD. Prenatal tobacco and tobacco-cannabis co-exposure: Relationship with attention and memory in middle childhood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 104:107371. [PMID: 38971339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
We examined associations between prenatal tobacco exposure (with and without cannabis exposure) and children's performance on laboratory measures of sustained attention, attentional set shifting, and working memory in middle childhood (9-12 years of child age). Participants were recruited in the first trimester of pregnancy and oversampled for prenatal tobacco exposure; with a smaller sample (n = 133; n = 34 non-substance exposed, n = 37 exposed to tobacco only, n = 62 co-exposed) invited (oversampled for co-exposure) to participate in the middle-childhood assessment (M age = 10.6, SD = 0.77; 68% Black, 20% Hispanic). Results for sustained attention indicated lower attention (percent hits) at the first epoch for tobacco only exposed compared to non-exposed and co-exposed; a trend (p = .07) towards increases in impulsive responding across time (a total of 8 epochs) for tobacco exposed (with and without cannabis) compared to non-exposed children; and a significant association between higher number of cigarettes in the first trimester and greater increases in impulsive responding across epochs. However, children prenatally exposed to tobacco (with and without cannabis) demonstrated greater short-term memory compared to children not prenatally exposed, and this difference was driven by higher scores for children prenatally co-exposed to tobacco and cannabis compared to those who were non-exposed. Overall, results suggest that prenatal tobacco exposure, especially in the first trimester, may increase risk for impulsive responding on tasks requiring sustained attention, and that co-use of cannabis did not exacerbate these associations. The higher short-term memory scores among children who were co-exposed compared to non-exposed are perplexing and need replication, particularly in studies with larger sample sizes and samples exposed only to cannabis to examine this more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Shisler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Jin-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology and the Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Nicolas J Schlienz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Larry W Hawk
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kai Ling Kong
- Baby Health Behavior Lab, Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri- Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Meghan Casey Leising
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology and the Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
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Tangviriyapaiboon D, Thaineua V, Sirithongthaworn S, Kanshana S, Damrongtamwattana S, Prasitwattanaseree S, Srikummoon P, Thongsak N, Thumronglaohapun S, Traisathit P. Factors Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay in Thai Children Born with Low Birth Weight or Asphyxia. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:631-640. [PMID: 37938440 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand. METHODS We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314). RESULTS The high-risk children who had a gestational age at birth of < 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.39-1.70) and/or had a birth weight < 2500 g (1.22; 1.02-1.45), or had mothers who were not government officers (1.46; 1.11-1.93), had a low education level (1.36; 1.19-1.55), had a poor nutritional status (1.34; 1.09-1.65), and/or who were living in a high-altitude area (1.59; 1.32-1.91) were at a higher risk of SDD. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Children with a low birth weight and/or asphyxia during birth had a high risk of DD. SDD monitoring of children by community health workers and/or by developing outreach strategies, especially in underserved regions, should be considered. In addition, developing policies and guidelines, and intervention for high-risk children ought to be conducted to reduce the subsequent problems caused by the late detection of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangkamol Tangviriyapaiboon
- Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Vallop Thaineua
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Siripon Kanshana
- Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Pimwarat Srikummoon
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthapat Thongsak
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Patrinee Traisathit
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Puga TB, Dai HD, Wang Y, Theye E. Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy and Child Neurocognitive Development. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2355952. [PMID: 38349651 PMCID: PMC10865146 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy (MTDP) persists across the globe. Longitudinal assessment of the association of MTDP with neurocognitive development of offspring at late childhood is limited. Objectives To examine whether MTDP is associated with child neurocognitive development at ages 9 to 12 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included children aged 9 and 10 years at wave 1 (October 2016 to October 2018) and aged 11 to 12 years at a 2-year follow-up (wave 2, August 2018 to January 2021) across 21 US sites in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Data were analyzed from June 2022 to December 2023. Exposure MTDP. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest were neurocognition, measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery, and morphometric brain measures through the region of interest (ROI) analysis from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Results Among 11 448 children at wave 1 (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 5990 [52.3%] male), 1607 children were identified with MTDP. In the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) exhibited lower scores on the oral reading recognition (mean [SE] B = -1.2 [0.2]; P < .001), picture sequence memory (mean [SE] B = -2.3 [0.6]; P < .001), and picture vocabulary (mean [SE] B = -1.2 [0.3]; P < .001) tests and the crystallized cognition composite score (mean [SE] B = -1.3 [0.3]; P < .001) at wave 1. These differential patterns persisted at wave 2. In sMRI, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) had smaller cortical areas in precentral (mean [SE] B = -104.2 [30.4] mm2; P = .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = -153.9 [43.4] mm2; P < .001), and entorhinal (mean [SE] B = -25.1 [5.8] mm2; P < .001) regions and lower cortical volumes in precentral (mean [SE] B = -474.4 [98.2] mm3; P < .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = -523.7 [136.7] mm3; P < .001), entorhinal (mean [SE] B = -94.1 [24.5] mm3; P < .001), and parahippocampal (mean [SE] B = -82.6 [18.7] mm3; P < .001) regions at wave 1. Distinct cortical volume patterns continued to be significant at wave 2. Frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes exhibited differential ROI, while there were no notable distinctions in the occipital lobe and insula cortex. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, MTDP was associated with enduring deficits in childhood neurocognition. Continued research on the association of MTDP with cognitive performance and brain structure related to language processing skills and episodic memory is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy B. Puga
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Yingying Wang
- Neuroimaging for Language, Literacy & Learning Laboratory, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln
| | - Elijah Theye
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Rodriguez Rivera PJ, Liang H, Isaiah A, Cloak CC, Menken MS, Ryan MC, Ernst T, Chang L. Prenatal tobacco exposure on brain morphometry partially mediated poor cognitive performance in preadolescent children. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:375-386. [PMID: 38058999 PMCID: PMC10696570 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate whether prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) is related to poorer cognitive performance, abnormal brain morphometry, and whether poor cognitive performance is mediated by PTE-related structural brain differences. Methods The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study dataset was used to compare structural MRI data and neurocognitive (NIH Toolbox®) scores in 9-to-10-year-old children with (n=620) and without PTE (n=10,989). We also evaluated whether PTE effects on brain morphometry mediated PTE effects on neurocognitive scores. Group effects were evaluated using Linear Mixed Models, covaried for socio-demographics and prenatal exposures to alcohol and/or marijuana, and corrected for multiple comparisons using the false-discovery rate (FDR). Results Compared to unexposed children, those with PTE had poorer performance (all p-values <0.05) on executive function, working memory, episodic memory, reading decoding, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and overall cognition. Exposed children also had thinner parahippocampal gyri, smaller surface areas in the posterior-cingulate and pericalcarine cortices; the lingual and inferior parietal gyri, and smaller thalamic volumes (all p-values <0.001). Furthermore, among children with PTE, girls had smaller surface areas in the superior-frontal (interaction-FDR-p=0.01), precuneus (interaction-FDR-p=0.03) and postcentral gyri (interaction-FDR-p=0.02), while boys had smaller putamen volumes (interaction-FDR-p=0.02). Smaller surface areas across regions of the frontal and parietal lobes, and lower thalamic volumes, partially mediated the associations between PTE and poorer neurocognitive scores (p-values <0.001). Conclusions Our findings suggest PTE may lead to poorer cognitive performance and abnormal brain morphometry, with sex-specific effects in some brain regions, in pre-adolescent children. The poor cognition in children with PTE may result from the smaller areas and subcortical brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Rodriguez Rivera
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huajun Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amal Isaiah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine C. Cloak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miriam S. Menken
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghann C. Ryan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Koutra K, Margetaki K, Kampouri M, Kyriklaki A, Roumeliotaki T, Vafeiadi M, Bitsios P, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Maternal sleep disturbances during late pregnancy and child neuropsychological and behavioral development in early childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2139-2150. [PMID: 35927528 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the association of maternal sleep disturbances during late pregnancy on child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years. The study included 638 mother-child pairs from the prospective Rhea mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece. Information on antenatal sleep disturbances was collected through a computer-assisted interview. Children's neuropsychological and behavioral development was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA), the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate analysis showed that maternal sleep duration less than 8 h was associated with reduced scores in the general cognitive scale (β = -2.28, 95% CI -4.54, -0.02, R2 = 0.417) and memory span (β = -3.24, 95% CI -5.72, -0.77, R2 = 0.304), while mild-severe daytime sleepiness was associated with reduced scores in the memory scale (β = -5.42, 95% CI -10.47, -0.37, R2 = 0.304), memory span (β = -5.44, 95% CI -10.68, -0.21, R2 = 0.304), nd functions of posterior cortex (β = -5.55, 95% CI -10.40, -0.70, R2 = 0.393) of MSCA. Snoring in late pregnancy was related to higher child hyperactivity scores in SDQ (β = 1.05, 95% CI 0.16, 1.95, R2 = 0.160). An interaction between child sex and maternal sleep duration in response to ADHD symptoms was also found (p for interaction < 0.05). Stratified analysis revealed increased hyperactivity, inattention, and ADHD total scores for girls of mothers with sleep duration less than 8 h. Maternal sleep disturbances during pregnancy may be associated with impaired child neuropsychological and behavioral development during the preschool years. Early detection and intervention is necessary to reduce sleep disturbances habits in pregnancy and improve child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Gallos Campus Crete, 74100, Rethymno, Greece.
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bromley RL, Bickle Graz M, Bluett-Duncan M, Chambers C, Damkier P, Dietrich K, Dolk H, Grant K, Mattson S, Meador KJ, Nordeng H, Oberlander TF, Ornoy A, Revet A, Richardson J, Rovet J, Schuler-Faccini L, Smearman E, Simms V, Vorhees C, Wide K, Wood A, Yates L, Ystrom E, Supraja TA, Adams J. Expert consensus on neurodevelopmental outcomes in pregnancy pharmacovigilance studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1094698. [PMID: 37332344 PMCID: PMC10270323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1094698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure in utero to certain medications can disrupt processes of fetal development, including brain development, leading to a continuum of neurodevelopmental difficulties. Recognizing the deficiency of neurodevelopmental investigations within pregnancy pharmacovigilance, an international Neurodevelopmental Expert Working Group was convened to achieve consensus regarding the core neurodevelopmental outcomes, optimization of methodological approaches and barriers to conducting pregnancy pharmacovigilance studies with neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: A modified Delphi study was undertaken based on stakeholder and expert input. Stakeholders (patient, pharmaceutical, academic and regulatory) were invited to define topics, pertaining to neurodevelopmental investigations in medication-exposed pregnancies. Experts were identified for their experience regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes following medicinal, substances of misuse or environmental exposures in utero. Two questionnaire rounds and a virtual discussion meeting were used to explore expert opinion on the topics identified by the stakeholders. Results: Twenty-five experts, from 13 countries and professionally diverse backgrounds took part in the development of 11 recommendations. The recommendations focus on the importance of neurodevelopment as a core feature of pregnancy pharmacovigilance, the timing of study initiation and a core set of distinct but interrelated neurodevelopmental skills or diagnoses which require investigation. Studies should start in infancy with an extended period of investigation into adolescence, with more frequent sampling during rapid periods of development. Additionally, recommendations are made regarding optimal approach to neurodevelopmental outcome measurement, comparator groups, exposure factors, a core set of confounding and mediating variables, attrition, reporting of results and the required improvements in funding for potential later emerging effects. Different study designs will be required depending on the specific neurodevelopmental outcome type under investigation and whether the medicine in question is newly approved or already in widespread use. Conclusion: An improved focus on neurodevelopmental outcomes is required within pregnancy pharmacovigilance. These expert recommendations should be met across a complementary set of studies which converge to form a comprehensive set of evidence regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes in pregnancy pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Bromley
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester Academic Sciences Park, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M. Bickle Graz
- Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Bluett-Duncan
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C. Chambers
- Division of Environmental Science and Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - P. Damkier
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - K. Dietrich
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - H. Dolk
- Maternal, Fetal and Infant Research Unit, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - K. Grant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - S. Mattson
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - K. J. Meador
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - H. Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - T. F. Oberlander
- Department Pediatrics and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Ornoy
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A. Revet
- INSERM University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - J. Richardson
- UK Teratology Information Service, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - J. Rovet
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L. Schuler-Faccini
- Genetics Department, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - E. Smearman
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - V. Simms
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - C. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - K. Wide
- Department of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Wood
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L. Yates
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- KRISP, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - E. Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T. A. Supraja
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - J. Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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Archie SR, Sifat AE, Zhang Y, Villalba H, Sharma S, Nozohouri S, Abbruscato TJ. Maternal e-cigarette use can disrupt postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and deteriorates motor, learning and memory function: influence of sex and age. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 36899432 PMCID: PMC9999561 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also commonly known as electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are considered in most cases as a safer alternative to tobacco smoking and therefore have become extremely popular among all age groups and sex. It is estimated that up to 15% of pregnant women are now using e-cigs in the US which keeps increasing at an alarming rate. Harmful effects of tobacco smoking during pregnancy are well documented for both pregnancy and postnatal health, however limited preclinical and clinical studies exist to evaluate the long-term effects of prenatal e-cig exposure on postnatal health. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of maternal e-cig use on postnatal blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and behavioral outcomes of mice of varying age and sex. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice (E5) were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine) until postnatal day (PD) 7. Weight of the offspring was measured at PD0, PD7, PD15, PD30, PD45, PD60 and PD90. The expression of structural elements of the BBB, tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin), astrocytes (GFAP), pericytes (PDGFRβ) and the basement membrane (laminin α1, laminin α4), neuron specific marker (NeuN), water channel protein (AQP4) and glucose transporter (GLUT1) were analyzed in both male and female offspring using western blot and immunofluorescence. Estrous cycle was recorded by vaginal cytology method. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated using open field test (OFT), novel object recognition test (NORT) and morris water maze test (MWMT) at adolescence (PD 40-45) and adult (PD 90-95) age. In our study, significantly reduced expression of tight junction proteins and astrocyte marker were observed in male and female offspring until PD 90 (P < 0.05). Additionally, prenatally e-cig exposed adolescent and adult offspring showed impaired locomotor, learning, and memory function compared to control offspring (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that prenatal e-cig exposure induces long-term neurovascular changes of neonates by disrupting postnatal BBB integrity and worsening behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rahman Archie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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Maharani A, Didikoglu A, O'Neill TW, Pendleton N, Canal MM, Payton A. Education mediating the associations between early life factors and frailty: a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e057511. [PMID: 36863735 PMCID: PMC9990643 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposures in utero and during infancy may impact the development of diseases later in life. They may be linked with development of frailty, although the mechanism is unclear. This study aims to determine the associations between early life risk factors and development of frailty among middle-aged and older adults as well as potential pathways via education, for any observed association. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS This study used data from UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS 502 489 individuals aged 37-73 years were included in the analysis. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Early life factors in this study included being breast fed as a baby, maternal smoking, birth weight, the presence of perinatal diseases, birth month and birth place (in or outside the UK). We developed a frailty index comprising 49 deficits. We used generalised structural equation modelling to examine the associations between early life factors and development of frailty and whether any observed association was mediated via educational attainment. RESULTS A history of breast feeding and normal birth weight were associated with a lower frailty index while maternal smoking, the occurrence of perinatal diseases and birth month with a longer day length were associated with a higher frailty index. Educational level mediated the relationship between these early life factors and frailty index. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that biological and social risk occurring at different stages of life are related to the variations in frailty index in later life and suggests opportunities for prevention across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asri Maharani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Nursing, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Altug Didikoglu
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Terence W O'Neill
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- UK & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Mercè Canal
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Duko B, Gebremedhin AT, Tessema GA, Alati R, Pereira G. Average treatment effect of maternal prenatal tobacco smoking on offspring developmental vulnerability in early childhood. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 78:35-43. [PMID: 36584811 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood developmental vulnerability has been closely related to the predictors of relatively good health, social and educational outcomes later in adulthood. However, the impacts of prenatal tobacco exposure on childhood developmental vulnerability have been rarely examined. Further, a few of the studies that have investigated maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and child developmental vulnerability have reported mixed results and there are currently no published estimates derived from causal epidemiological methods. METHODS We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between maternal prenatal tobacco smoking and developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia (WA). De-identified individual-level maternal, infant and birth records were obtained from the Midwives Notification System (MNS), a statutory record of all births in WA. WA register for Developmental Anomalies (WARDA) were also obtained from the WA Data Linkage. Records on early childhood developmental vulnerability at the median age of 5 years were obtained from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). We used a doubly robust estimator to estimate the causal effects. RESULTS Complete data were available for 64,558 mothers-children's pairs. Approximately 16% of children were exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking. Children exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco smoking were more likely to be classified as developmentally vulnerable/at-risk on the physical health and wellbeing (RR = 1.40, 95%CI:1.36-1.45), social competence (RR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.38-1.47), emotional maturity (RR = 1.34, 95%CI:1.30-1.39), language and cognitive skills (RR = 1.50, 95%CI:1.45-1.54), and communication skills and general knowledge (RR = 1.37, 95%CI:1.33-1.42) domains. CONCLUSION Maternal prenatal exposure to tobacco may influence early childhood developmental vulnerability. Early intervention to quit tobacco smoking before becoming pregnant could potentially reduce later childhood developmental vulnerability on multiple domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia.
| | - Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia; Institute for Social Sciences Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Sania A, Myers MM, Pini N, Lucchini M, Nugent JD, Shuffrey LC, Rao S, Barbosa J, Angal J, Elliott AJ, Odendaal HJ, Fifer WP. Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with altered newborn autonomic functions. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:242-252. [PMID: 35440768 PMCID: PMC9579213 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal smoking and drinking are associated with sudden infant death syndrome and neurodevelopmental disorders. Infants with these outcomes also have altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. We examined the effects of prenatal smoking and drinking on newborn ANS function. METHODS Pregnant women were enrolled in Northern Plains, USA (NP) and Cape Town (CT), South Africa. Daily drinking and weekly smoking data were collected prenatally. Physiological measures were obtained during sleep 12-96 h post-delivery. RESULTS In all, 2913 infants from NP and 4072 from CT were included. In active sleep, newborns of mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy, compared to non-smokers, had higher breathing rates (2.2 breaths/min; 95% CI: 0.95, 3.49). Quit-early smoking was associated with reductions in beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV) in active (-0.08 s) and quiet sleep (-0.11 s) in CT. In girls, moderate-high continuous smoking was associated with increased systolic (3.0 mmHg, CI: 0.70, 5.24) and diastolic blood pressure (2.9 mmHg, CI: 0.72, 5.02). In quiet sleep, low-continuous drinking was associated with slower heart rate (-4.5 beat/min). In boys, low-continuous drinking was associated with a reduced ratio of low-to-high frequency HRV (-0.11, CI: -0.21, -0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight potential ANS pathways through which prenatal drinking and smoking may contribute to neurodevelopment outcomes. IMPACT In this prospective cohort study of 6985 mother-infant dyads prenatal drinking and smoking were associated with multiple ANS parameters. Smoking was associated with increased neonatal breathing rates among all infants, and heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) among girls. Drinking was associated with reductions in HR and BP among all newborns, and reductions in the ratio of low to-high frequency HRV among boys. These findings suggest that prenatal smoking and drinking alter newborn ANS which may presage future neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sania
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Michael M. Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Nicolò Pini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - J David Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lauren C. Shuffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
| | - Shreya Rao
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jennifer Barbosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jyoti Angal
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57108,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57108,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105
| | - Hein J. Odendaal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa 7530
| | - William P. Fifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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11
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Abrishamcar S, Chen J, Feil D, Kilanowski A, Koen N, Vanker A, Wedderburn CJ, Donald KA, Zar HJ, Stein DJ, Hüls A. DNA methylation as a potential mediator of the association between prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposure and child neurodevelopment in a South African birth cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:418. [PMID: 36180424 PMCID: PMC9525659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have been associated with an increased risk of delayed neurodevelopment in children as well as differential newborn DNA methylation (DNAm). However, the biological mechanisms connecting PTE and PAE, DNAm, and neurodevelopment are largely unknown. Here we aim to determine whether differential DNAm mediates the association between PTE and PAE and neurodevelopment at 6 (N = 112) and 24 months (N = 184) in children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study. PTE and PAE were assessed antenatally using urine cotinine measurements and the ASSIST questionnaire, respectively. Cord blood DNAm was measured using the EPIC and 450 K BeadChips. Neurodevelopment (cognitive, language, motor, adaptive behavior, socioemotional) was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. We constructed methylation risk scores (MRS) for PTE and PAE and conducted causal mediation analysis (CMA) with these MRS as mediators. Next, we conducted a high-dimensional mediation analysis to identify individual CpG sites as potential mediators, followed by a CMA to estimate the average causal mediation effects (ACME) and total effect (TE). PTE and PAE were associated with neurodevelopment at 6 but not at 24 months. PTE MRS reached a prediction accuracy (R2) of 0.23 but did not significantly mediate the association between PTE and neurodevelopment. PAE MRS was not predictive of PAE (R2 = 0.006). For PTE, 31 CpG sites and eight CpG sites were identified as significant mediators (ACME and TE P < 0.05) for the cognitive and motor domains at 6 months, respectively. For PAE, 16 CpG sites and 1 CpG site were significant mediators for the motor and adaptive behavior domains at 6 months, respectively. Several of the associated genes, including MAD1L1, CAMTA1, and ALDH1A2 have been implicated in neurodevelopmental delay, suggesting that differential DNAm may partly explain the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between PTE and PAE and child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Abrishamcar
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dakotah Feil
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Kilanowski
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aneesa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine J Wedderburn
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kirsten A Donald
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J Zar
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Maurer JJ, Wimmer ME, Turner CA, Herman RJ, Zhang Y, Ragnini K, Ferrante J, Kimmey BA, Crist RC, Christopher Pierce R, Schmidt HD. Paternal nicotine taking elicits heritable sex-specific phenotypes that are mediated by hippocampal Satb2. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3864-3874. [PMID: 35595980 PMCID: PMC9675874 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine intake, whether through tobacco smoking or e-cigarettes, remains a global health concern. An emerging preclinical literature indicates that parental nicotine exposure produces behavioral, physiological, and molecular changes in subsequent generations. However, the heritable effects of voluntary parental nicotine taking are unknown. Here, we show increased acquisition of nicotine taking in male and female offspring of sires that self-administered nicotine. In contrast, self-administration of sucrose and cocaine were unaltered in male and female offspring suggesting that the intergenerational effects of paternal nicotine taking may be reinforcer specific. Further characterization revealed memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behaviors in drug-naive male, but not female, offspring of nicotine-experienced sires. Using an unbiased, genome-wide approach, we discovered that these phenotypes were associated with decreased expression of Satb2, a transcription factor known to play important roles in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, in the hippocampus of nicotine-sired male offspring. This effect was sex-specific as no changes in Satb2 expression were found in nicotine-sired female offspring. Finally, increasing Satb2 levels in the hippocampus prevented the escalation of nicotine intake and rescued the memory deficits associated with paternal nicotine taking in male offspring. Collectively, these findings indicate that paternal nicotine taking produces heritable sex-specific molecular changes that promote addiction-like phenotypes and memory impairments in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Maurer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Christopher A Turner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rae J Herman
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kael Ragnini
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Ferrante
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Blake A Kimmey
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Brain Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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13
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Knopik VS, Micalizzi L, Marceau K, Loviska AM, Yu L, Bien A, Rolan E, Evans AS, Palmer RHC, Heath AC. The roles of familial transmission and smoking during pregnancy on executive function skills: A sibling-comparison study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-13. [PMID: 36039978 PMCID: PMC10710697 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200075x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This research examines maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk for poorer executive function in siblings discordant for exposure. Data (N = 173 families) were drawn from the Missouri Mothers and Their Children study, a sample, identified using birth records (years 1998-2005), in which mothers changed smoking behavior between two pregnancies (Child 1 [older sibling]: M age = 12.99; Child 2 [younger sibling]: M age = 10.19). A sibling comparison approach was used, providing a robust test for the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and different aspects of executive function in early-mid adolescence. Results suggested within-family (i.e., potentially causal) associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and one working memory task (visual working memory) and one response inhibition task (color-word interference), with increased exposure associated with decreased performance. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not associated with stop-signal reaction time, cognitive flexibility/set-shifting, or auditory working memory. Initial within-family associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and visual working memory as well as color-word interference were fully attenuated in a model including child and familial covariates. These findings indicate that exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with poorer performance on some, but not all skills assessed; however, familial transmission of risk for low executive function appears more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, USA, IN, 47906
| | - Lauren Micalizzi
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Box G-S121-5 Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Box G-S121-5, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, USA, IN, 47906
| | - Amy M Loviska
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, USA, IN, 47906
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, USA, IN, 47906
| | - Alexandra Bien
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, 1202 West State St, West Lafayette, USA, IN, 47906
| | - Emily Rolan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Allison S Evans
- Concord Comprehensive Neuropsychological Services, 86 Baker Avenue Extension #301, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Dzhambov AM, Lercher P, Rüdisser J, Browning MH, Markevych I. Home gardens and distances to nature associated with behavior problems in alpine schoolchildren: Role of secondhand smoke exposure and biomarkers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 243:113975. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Sherrey J, Biggs S, Dorrian J, Martin J, Gold M, Kennedy D, Lushington K. Allergic disease, sleep problems and psychological distress in children recruited from the general community. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:366-372. [PMID: 35598883 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear which allergic disease is most strongly related to which sleep problem and whether sleep problems may mediate the association between allergic disease and psychological distress. There is also a need for more community-based studies using non-referred samples. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between individual allergic diseases and sleep problems and test whether the association between allergic disease and psychological distress is mediated through sleep problems. METHODS Parents of 1449 Australian children aged 6-10y recruited from the general community completed measures of sleep problems (Pediatric Sleep Survey Instrument), psychological distress (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), and frequency of allergic disease. RESULTS Sleep and psychological distress scores were in the normal range. After controlling for co-existing allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis was associated with sleep routine problems, morning tiredness, night arousals, sleep disordered breathing and restless sleep; asthma with sleep routine problems, sleep disordered breathing and restless sleep; and eczema with restless sleep. Path analyses revealed that sleep problems mediated the association between asthma and allergic rhinitis but not eczema with psychological distress. CONCLUSION In this non-referred community sample, the frequency of sleep problems and psychological distress was lower than that typically reported in children referred to specialized centres. However, allergic rhinitis was associated with a broad range of sleep problems and to a lesser extent in children with asthma and least in children with eczema. Path analysis revealed that the association between allergic disease and psychological distress was mediated through sleep problems highlighting the importance of assessing sleep health in children with allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Sherrey
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society Unit, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah Biggs
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society Unit, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Kurt Lushington
- University of South Australia, Justice and Society Unit, Adelaide, Australia.
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Peixinho J, Toseeb U, Mountford HS, Bermudez I, Newbury DF. The effects of prenatal smoke exposure on language development ‐ a systematic review. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Peixinho
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford UK
| | - Umar Toseeb
- Department of Education University of York York UK
| | - Hayley S. Mountford
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford UK
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford UK
| | - Dianne F. Newbury
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus Oxford UK
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17
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Huang T, Huang X, Li H, Qi J, Wang N, Xu Y, Zeng Y, Xiao X, Liu R, Chan YL, Oliver BG, Yi C, Li D, Chen H. Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Exaggerates the Behavioral Defects and Neuronal Loss Caused by Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Female Offspring. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:818536. [PMID: 35250486 PMCID: PMC8894648 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.818536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affects ∼6 in 1,000 preterm neonates, leading to significant neurological sequela (e.g., cognitive deficits and cerebral palsy). Maternal smoke exposure (SE) is one of the common causes of neurological disorders; however, female offspring seems to be less affected than males in our previous study. We also showed that maternal SE exaggerated neurological disorders caused by neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adolescent male offspring. Here, we aimed to examine whether female littermates of these males are protected from such insult.MethodsBALB/c dams were exposed to cigarette smoke generated from 2 cigarettes twice daily for 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation. To induce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, half of the pups from each litter underwent left carotid artery occlusion, followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (92% nitrogen) at postnatal day (P) 10. Behavioral tests were performed at P40–44, and brain tissues were collected at P45.ResultsMaternal SE worsened the defects in short-term memory and motor function in females with hypoxic-ischemic injury; however, reduced anxiety due to injury was observed in the control offspring, but not the SE offspring. Both hypoxic-ischemic injury and maternal SE caused significant loss of neuronal cells and synaptic proteins, along with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.ConclusionOxidative stress and inflammatory response due to maternal SE may be the mechanism of worsened neurological outcomes by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in females, which was similar to their male littermates shown in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhua Qi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxin Zeng
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruide Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chenju Yi,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Dan Li,
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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De Angelis F, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Tylee DS, Goswami A, Gelernter J, Polimanti R. Drinking and smoking polygenic risk is associated with childhood and early-adulthood psychiatric and behavioral traits independently of substance use and psychiatric genetic risk. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:586. [PMID: 34775470 PMCID: PMC8590689 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are hazardous behaviors associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes. In this study, we explored the association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) related to drinks per week, age of smoking initiation, smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation with 433 psychiatric and behavioral traits in 4498 children and young adults (aged 8-21) of European ancestry from the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort. After applying a false discovery rate multiple testing correction accounting for the number of PRS and traits tested, we identified 36 associations related to psychotic symptoms, emotion and age recognition social competencies, verbal reasoning, anxiety-related traits, parents' education, and substance use. These associations were independent of the genetic correlations among the alcohol-drinking and tobacco-smoking traits and those with cognitive performance, educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and psychopathology. The removal of participants endorsing substance use did not affect the associations of each PRS with psychiatric and behavioral traits identified as significant in the discovery analyses. Gene-ontology enrichment analyses identified several neurobiological processes underlying mechanisms of the PRS associations we report. In conclusion, we provide novel insights into the genetic overlap of smoking and drinking behaviors in children and young adults, highlighting their independence from psychopathology and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aranyak Goswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder and Prenatal or Early Life Exposure to Pesticides: A Short Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010991. [PMID: 34682738 PMCID: PMC8535369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses have rapidly increased globally. Both environmental and genetic factors appear to contribute to the development of ASD. Several studies have shown a potential association between prenatal or postnatal pesticide exposure and the risk of developing ASD. Methods: We reviewed the available literature concerning the relationship between early life exposure to pesticides used in agriculture, such as organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids, and ASD onset in childhood. We searched on Medline and Scopus for cohort or case–control studies published in English from 1977 to 2020. Results: A total of seven articles were selected for the review. We found a remarkable association between the maternal exposure to pyrethroid, as well as the exposure to organophosphate during pregnancy or in the first years of childhood, and the risk of ASD onset. This association was found to be less evident with organochlorine pesticides. Pregnancy seems to be the time when pesticide exposure appears to have the greatest impact on the onset of ASD in children. Conclusions: Among the different environmental pollutants, pesticides should be considered as emerging risk factors for ASD. The potential association identified between the exposure to pesticides and ASD needs to be implemented and confirmed by further epidemiological studies based on individual assessment both in outdoor and indoor conditions, including multiple confounding factors, and using statistical models that take into account single and multiple pesticide residues.
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Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18949. [PMID: 34556740 PMCID: PMC8460647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy impairs fetal body size, including head circumference (HC) at birth; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. This analysis using a large prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of maternal tobacco exposure on their offspring's HC and the relationship with placental weight ratio (PWR) and placental abnormalities. Parents-children pairs (n = 84,856) were included from the 104,065 records of the Japan Environmental and Children's Study. Maternal perinatal clinical and social information by self-administered questionnaires, offspring's body size, and placental information were collected. Data were analyzed with binominal logistic regression analysis and path analysis. Logistic regression showed significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.653, 95% CI 1.387-1.969) for the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on their offspring's smaller HC at birth. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the non-smoking group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC. Path analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased the offspring's HC directly, but not indirectly via PWR or placental abnormalities. The quitting smoking during pregnancy group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC than the non-smoking group, suggesting that quitting smoking may reduce their offspring's neurological impairment even after pregnancy.
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21
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Developmental nicotine exposure impairs memory and reduces acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:1-7. [PMID: 34358612 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a strong psychoactive and addictive compound found in tobacco. Use of nicotine in the form of smoking, vaping or other less common methods during pregnancy has been shown to be related to poor health conditions, including cognitive problems, in babies and children. However, mechanisms of such cognitive deficits are not fully understood. In this study we analyzed hippocampus dependent cognitive deficits using a mouse model of developmental nicotine exposure. Pregnant dams were exposed to nicotine and experiments were performed in one month old offspring. Our results show that nicotine exposure did not affect locomotor behavior in mice. Hippocampus dependent working memory and object location memory were diminished in nicotine exposed mice. Furthermore, acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of nicotine exposed mice were reduced along with reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Analysis of transcripts for proteins that are known to regulate acetylcholine levels revealed a decline in mRNA levels of high affinity choline transporters in the hippocampus of nicotine exposed mice but those of vesicular acetylcholine transporter, choline acetyltransferase, and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were not altered. These results suggest that developmental nicotine exposure impairs hippocampus dependent memory forms and this effect is likely mediated by altered cholinergic function.
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22
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Srivastava P, Trinh TA. The effect of parental smoking on children's cognitive and non-cognitive skills. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 41:100978. [PMID: 33610090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Economic research emphasises the importance of cognitive and non-cognitive skills in children for long-term labour market, health and social outcomes. In contrast to previous studies that focus on the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy, we contribute to the literature by examining whether parental current smoking impacts on children's cognitive and non-cognitive development. We exploit data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children and address potential endogeneity and self-selectivity bias using robust estimation methods. Overall, we find evidence that parental smoking results in worse development outcomes in children. Specifically, our fixed-effects estimates indicate that children living with parents who are smokers exhibit lower cognitive outcomes ranging between 0.09 and 0.17 standard deviation, while the impacts on non-cognitive outcomes range between 0.06 and 0.80 standard deviation. We also provide insights on some of the mechanisms of transmission. Our findings suggest that campaigns, programs and policies that reduce tobacco consumption may have positive externalities in terms of improving children's cognitive and non-cognitive development, and long-term labour market outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Srivastava
- School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Trong-Anh Trinh
- School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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23
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Venkatesh KK, Leviton A, Fichorova RN, Joseph RM, Douglass LM, Frazier JA, Kuban K, Santos HP, Fry RC, O'Shea TM. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and neurological impairment at 10 years of age among children born extremely preterm: a prospective cohort. BJOG 2021; 128:1586-1597. [PMID: 33682301 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between prenatal tobacco smoke exposure and neurological impairment at 10 years of age among children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation). DESIGN The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study, a prospective cohort. SETTING Ten-year follow-up of extremely preterm infants born at 14 US hospitals between 2002 and 2004. METHODS Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure was defined as a mother's report at enrolment of active (i.e. maternal) and passive smoking during pregnancy. Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used. Models adjusted for mother's age, race/ethnicity, education, insurance, pre-pregnancy body mass index, US region, multiple gestation and infant's sex; and in sensitivity analysis, gestational age at delivery and clinical subtype of preterm birth, given their classification as intermediate and non-confounding variables. MAIN OUTCOMES Neurological impairment at 10 years, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Of 1200 ELGAN study survivors, 856 were assessed at 10 years of age with neurological outcomes, of whom 14% (118/856) had active tobacco exposure during pregnancy and 24% (207/852) had passive tobacco exposure. Compared with children who were not exposed prenatally to tobacco, children exposed to active tobacco use during pregnancy had a higher risk of epilepsy (14% versus 5%; adjusted relative risk: 1.68, 95% CI 1.45-1.92). This risk remained after adjustment for gestational age at delivery and clinical subtype of preterm birth. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure was not associated with other assessed neurological outcomes, including cerebral palsy and multiple measures of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Among children born extremely preterm, prenatal active tobacco smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy at 10 years of life. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Among infants born before 28 weeks of gestation, prenatal active tobacco smoke exposure was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy at 10 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Venkatesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Leviton
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R N Fichorova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Joseph
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L M Douglass
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA, USA
| | - Kck Kuban
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H P Santos
- Biovehavioral Laboratory, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T M O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Imbriani G, Panico A, Grassi T, Idolo A, Serio F, Bagordo F, De Filippis G, De Giorgi D, Antonucci G, Piscitelli P, Colangelo M, Peccarisi L, Tumolo MR, De Masi R, Miani A, De Donno A. Early-Life Exposure to Environmental Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Available Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031204. [PMID: 33572907 PMCID: PMC7908547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has rapidly increased globally. Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to the development of ASD. Several studies showed linkage between prenatal, early postnatal air pollution exposure and the risk of developing ASD. We reviewed the available literature concerning the relationship between early-life exposure to air pollutants and ASD onset in childhood. We searched on Medline and Scopus for cohort or case-control studies published in English from 1977 to 2020. A total of 20 articles were selected for the review. We found a strong association between maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy or in the first years of the children’s life and the risk of the ASD. This association was found to be stronger with PM2.5 and less evident with the other pollutants. Current evidence suggest that pregnancy is the period in which exposure to environmental pollutants seems to be most impactful concerning the onset of ASD in children. Air pollution should be considered among the emerging risk factors for ASD. Further epidemiological and toxicological studies should address molecular pathways involved in the development of ASD and determine specific cause–effect associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Imbriani
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Giovanni De Filippis
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Medical Professional Association (OMCEO), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Donato De Giorgi
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Medical Professional Association (OMCEO), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Antonucci
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Medical Professional Association (OMCEO), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Medical Professional Association (OMCEO), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuela Colangelo
- Italian Association of Health, Environment and Society (AISAS), via De Gasperi 22, Lizzanello, 73023 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Luigi Peccarisi
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Medical Professional Association (OMCEO), 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Tumolo
- Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Piazza Di Summa, 72100 Brindisi, Italy;
- c/o Campus Ecotekne via Monteroni, Branch of Lecce, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberto De Masi
- Local Health Authority ASL Le, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.D.F.); (D.D.G.); (G.A.); (P.P.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, “Francesco Ferrari” Hospital, 73042 Casarano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miani
- Italian Society of Environmental Medicine, 02100 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, 02100 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (G.I.); (A.P.); (A.I.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (A.D.D.)
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Moradi- Pourghavam Z, Karimi-shahanjarini A, Barati M, Doosti-Irani A, Nouri S. Associated Factors with Developmental Delay of under 5 Year Old Children in Hamadan, Iran: A Case-Control Study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jech.7.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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26
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Melough MM, Murphy LE, Graff JC, Derefinko KJ, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Enquobahrie DA, Loftus CT, Kocak M, Sathyanarayana S, Tylavsky FA. Maternal Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D during Gestation Is Positively Associated with Neurocognitive Development in Offspring at Age 4-6 Years. J Nutr 2020; 151:132-139. [PMID: 33136167 PMCID: PMC7779214 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is critical to embryonic neuronal differentiation and other developmental processes that may affect future neurocognitive function. However, observational studies have found inconsistent associations between gestational vitamin D and neurocognitive outcomes. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of gestational 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with children's IQ at 4-6 y, and explored whether associations differed by race. METHODS This study used data from the CANDLE (Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood) cohort. Between 2006 and 2011, CANDLE recruited 1503 women in their second trimester of healthy singleton pregnancies. Inclusion criteria for this analysis were gestation of ≥34 wk and availability of 25(OH)D and IQ data. Associations between second-trimester 25(OH)D plasma concentration and Stanford-Binet IQ scores in offspring at 4-6 y were examined using multivariable linear regression; interaction terms were used to explore possible effect modification by race. RESULTS Mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration among 1019 eligible dyads was 21.6 ± 8.4 ng/mL, measured at a mean ± SD gestational age of 23.0 ± 3.0 wk. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was observed in 45.6%. Maternal 25(OH)D differed by race with a mean ± SD of 19.8 ± 7.2 ng/mL in Blacks sand 25.9 ± 9.3 ng/mL in Whites ( P < 0.001). In adjusted models a 10-ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 1.17-point higher Full Scale IQ (95% CI: 0.27, 2.06 points), a 1.17-point higher Verbal IQ (95% CI: 0.19, 2.15 points), and a 1.03-point higher Nonverbal IQ (95% CI: 0.10, 1.95 points). We observed no evidence of effect modification by race. CONCLUSIONS Second-trimester maternal 25(OH)D was positively associated with IQ at 4-6 y, suggesting that gestational vitamin D status may be an important predictor of neurocognitive development. These findings may help inform prenatal nutrition recommendations and may be especially relevant for Black and other dark-skinned women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA,Boling Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Carolyn Graff
- Boling Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA,College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Karen J Derefinko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Association of placental concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals with cognitive functioning in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113597. [PMID: 32795877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and other phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may affect child neurodevelopment, but data on the effects of prenatal exposure to phenols on cognitive function remain sparse. Our aim was to examine the association of placental concentrations of several phenolic EDCs, including BPA, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BzPs), with cognitive development in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project in Spain. Concentrations of BPA, four PBs (methylparaben [MePB], ethylparaben [EtPB], propylparaben [PrPB], and butylparaben [BuPB]), and six BzPs (BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OH-BzP]) were measured in 490 placenta samples randomly selected from five INMA cohorts collected between 2000 and 2008. Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive and motor function was performed with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at the age of 4-5 years. Associations were assessed in a sub-sample of 191 mother-child pairs using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. PB compounds were detected in more than 71% of placentas, BPA in 62%, 4-OH-BzP in 50%, and the remaining BzPs in <9% of the samples. Because of the low detection frequency of BzP compounds, only 4-OH-BzP was included in the exposure-outcome analyses. After adjustment for confounders, BPA was associated with greater odds of scoring lower (below the 20th percentile) in the verbal (third vs. first exposure tertile: odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00; 5.81, p-trend = 0.05) and gross motor (detected vs. undetected: OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.06; 9.29) areas, and these associations were only significant for boys. Regarding PB compounds, PrPB was associated with lower scores in memory (detected vs. undetected: β = -4.96, 95%CI = -9.54; -0.31), span memory (OR = 2.50, 95%CI = 0.95; 6.92 and 2.71, 95%CI = 0.97; 6.64, respectively for second and third tertiles, p-trend = 0.03), and motor function (β = -5.15, 95%CI = -9.26; -0.01 for third vs. first exposure tertile, p-trend = 0.04). EtPB and total PBs concentrations in the second tertile were also associated with poorer visual function of posterior cortex and worse quantitative performance, respectively, but linear trends were not statistically significant. The associations of BPA and PrPB with poorer verbal, memory, and motor skills are novel observations that warrant further attention. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm whether prenatal exposure to BPA and other phenolic EDCs is associated with impaired cognitive development.
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28
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Nilsen FM, Ruiz JD, Tulve NS. A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children's General Cognitive Ability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155451. [PMID: 32751096 PMCID: PMC7432904 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Nilsen
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-541-2574
| | - Jazmin D.C. Ruiz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
- Honeywell International, Buffalo, NY 14210, USA
| | - Nicolle S. Tulve
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (J.D.C.R.); (N.S.T.)
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DHA supplementation in infants born preterm and the effect on attention at 18 months' corrected age: follow-up of a subset of the N3RO randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:420-431. [PMID: 32660658 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Infants born preterm miss out on the peak period of in utero DHA accretion to the brain during the last trimester of pregnancy which is hypothesised to contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental deficits in this population. This study aimed to determine whether DHA supplementation in infants born preterm improves attention at 18 months' corrected age. This is a follow-up of a subset of infants who participated in the N3RO randomised controlled trial. Infants were randomised to receive an enteral emulsion of high-dose DHA (60 mg/kg per d) or no DHA (soya oil - control) from within the first days of birth until 36 weeks' post-menstrual age. The assessment of attention involved three tasks requiring the child to maintain attention on toy/s in either the presence or absence of competition or a distractor. The primary outcome was the child's latency of distractibility when attention was focused on a toy. The primary outcome was available for seventy-three of the 120 infants that were eligible to participate. There was no evidence of a difference between groups in the latency of distractibility (adjusted mean difference: 0·08 s, 95 % CI -0·81, 0·97; P = 0·86). Enteral DHA supplementation did not result in improved attention in infants born preterm at 18 months' corrected age.
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Le Lous M, Torchin H. [Smoking and Breastfeeding - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines on the management for Smoking Management During Pregnancy]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2020; 48:612-618. [PMID: 32247096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consequences of smoking have been studied more during pregnancy than during breastfeeding. There is a passage of nicotine and other substances in breast milk and some modifications of milk composition. The objectives of this chapter are to study the benefits of breastfeeding in women who smoke, and the adaptation of smoking, medication and behavioral habits in case of incomplete withdrawal to better guide women. METHODS The Medline database, the Cochrane Library and foreign guidelines from 1999 to 2019 have been consulted. RESULTS The conservation of the benefit of breastfeeding in smokers with regard to the prevention of respiratory infections, infantile colic, cognitive deficits, obesity, sudden infant death, is not known to date. It is therefore not recommended to include smoking status in the choice of feeding mode for the newborn (professional agreement). However, since breastfeeding is a factor associated with a reduction in smoking and/or withdrawal (NP2), it is recommended to promote breastfeeding in non-weaned women in order to limit smoking (grade B). The use of nicotine replacement therapy is possible during breastfeeding (professional agreement). In the absence of data, bupropion (Zyban®) and varenicline (Champix®) are not recommended for women who are breastfeeding (professional agreement). A free interval between smoking and breastfeeding reduces the concentration of nicotine in milk (NP4). For non-weaned women who are breastfeeding, it is therefore recommended not to smoke just before breastfeeding (professional agreement). CONCLUSION The results indicate that breastfeeding is possible in smokers, although less often initiated by them. If the conservation of its benefits for the child is not demonstrated to date, breastfeeding allows the mother to limit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Le Lous
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, 35200 Rennes, France; UMR 1099, LTSI-Inserm, université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - H Torchin
- Groupe hospitalier Cochin-hôtel dieu, service de médecine et réanimation néonatale de Port-Royal, Assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris, 123, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France; Inserm, Inra, centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, université de Paris, 75004 Paris, France
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Wei CF, Chen MH, Lin CC, Guo YL, Lin SJ, Liao HF, Hsieh WS, Chen PC. Association between maternal shift work and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: results from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study with propensity-score-matching analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1545-1555. [PMID: 30927436 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal shift work is associated with preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age new-borns, childhood obesity and future behavioural problems. However, the adverse effects on and interactions of maternal shift work with infant neurodevelopment remain uncertain. Therefore, we examined the associations between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental parameters. METHODS The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study is a nationwide birth cohort study following representatively sampled mother-infant pairs in 2005. The participants' development and exposure conditions were assessed by home interviews with structured questionnaires at 6 and 18 months of age. Propensity scores were calculated with predefined covariates for 1:1 matching. Multivariate conditional logistic regression and the Cox proportional-hazards model were used to examine the association between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental-milestone-achievement status. RESULTS In this study, 5637 term singletons were included, with 2098 cases selected in the propensity-score-matched subpopulation. Persistent maternal shift work was associated with increased risks of delays in gross-motor neurodevelopmental milestones [aOR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.76 for walking steadily], fine-motor neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07-1.80 for scribbling) and social neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.76 for coming when called upon). Moreover, delayed gross-motor and social development were identified in the propensity-score-matched sub-cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study shows negative associations between maternal shift work and delayed neurodevelopmental-milestone achievement in the gross-motor, fine-motor and social domains at 18 months. Future research is necessary to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fu Wei
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueliang Leon Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shio-Jean Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Fang Liao
- School of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.,Office of Occupational Safety and Health, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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Attention behavior and hyperactivity and concurrent neurocognitive and social competence functioning in 4-year-olds from two population-based birth cohorts. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 26:381-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveWe studied the associations between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the neurobehavioral status in two population-based birth cohorts.MethodsChildren (n = 467) were assessed by psychologists and teachers for neuropsychological functioning (McCarthy Scales, MCSA), inattention-hyperactivity symptoms (ADHD-DSM-IV form list) and social behavior (California Preschool Social Competence Scale, CPSCS). Regression models were used with covariate adjustment.ResultsSixteen percent of children had ADHD-DSM-IV symptoms. MCSA scores were linearly associated with ADHD symptom scores (general cognitive Beta = −0.6 [−1.0; −0.3] per symptom), specifically inattention scores (general cognitive Beta = −1.8 [−2.3; −1.2]). CPSCS scores were associated with ADHD symptoms (Beta = −2.19 [−2.5; −1.9]). MCSA scores of executive function, perceptive-performance and quantitative sub-areas had stronger associations with ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsPreschooler ADHD symptoms are associated with concurrent decrements in neurocognitive and social competence functioning. The association patterns are similar to those found in older children with ADHD symptomology (Marks et al., 2005 [36], Seidman, 2006 [46], Sonuga-Barke et al., 2003 [48], Yochman et al., 2006 [53]).
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Pérez-Pereira M, Fernández MP, Gómez-Taibo ML, Martínez-López Z, Arce C. A Follow-Up Study of Cognitive Development in Low Risk Preterm Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2380. [PMID: 32244477 PMCID: PMC7178262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The results of a longitudinal study on the cognitive development of one group of full-term and three groups of low risk preterm children with different gestational ages (GA) are presented. The 181 participants were divided into four GA groups of similar size. The aims were: 1) To check if there are differences in cognitive development (measured through the Batelle scale) among the GA groups. 2) To establish the predictive factors of cognitive development at 22 and 60 months of age, taking into account biomedical, environmental and individual factors. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA performed at 22 and 60 months of age indicated that the cognitive trajectories of the four GA groups were similar. Linear regression analyses showed that the effect of the different predictors changed in relation to the time of measurement of cognitive development. Biological factors and the quality of home environment had a moderate effect on the cognitive development at 22 months of age. Cognitive results obtained at 22 months of age, and, to a lesser extent, working memory had the greatest effect on cognitive development at 60 months. GA does not predict cognitive development. Preterm children do not show cognitive delay if they are healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pérez-Pereira
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - María Pilar Fernández
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15190 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.F.); (M.L.G.-T.)
| | - María Luisa Gómez-Taibo
- Department of Psychology, University of A Coruña, 15190 A Coruña, Spain; (M.P.F.); (M.L.G.-T.)
| | - Zeltia Martínez-López
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Constantino Arce
- Deparment of Social, Basic and Methodological Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Yang Q, Pan L, Shen C, Yao H, Zhu Q, Cheng C, Wang R. Mothers' prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is positively associated with the occurrence of developmental coordination disorder among children aged 3-6 years: A cross-sectional study in a rural area of Shanghai, China. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:25. [PMID: 32292315 PMCID: PMC7152785 DOI: 10.18332/tid/119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is a potential risk factor for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in children, but evidence on the relationship between DCD in children and tobacco smoke exposure in women is limited in China. We conducted a cross-sectional study to understand the prevalence of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure among mothers and the prevalence of DCD among children and to explore if mothers’ prenatal tobacco smoke exposure is positively associated with the occurrence of DCD among children. METHODS During 2018, we sampled 8586 children aged 3–6 years and their mothers in Songjiang district, Shanghai. DCD in children was identified by MABC-2 screening combined with pediatrician confirmation. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure among mothers was classified into firsthand smoke (FHS) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. SAS 9.2 software was applied to calculate the prevalence of DCD in children, the prevalence of prenatal FHS and SHS exposure in mothers and to analyze the differences by chi-squared test and logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 8586 women, the prevalence of prenatal FHS and SHS exposure was 0.94% and 20.79%, respectively. The prevalence of DCD in children was 6.65%, which was significantly higher in boys (7.64%) than in girls (5.51%), and children aged 3 years (9.77%) had a higher prevalence of DCD than children aged 4, 5 or 6 years (7.44%, 5.27% and 4.28%, respectively). In comparison with children whose mother was not exposed to prenatal FHS or SHS, the odds of having DCD was higher in children whose mother was exposed to prenatal FHS (OR=4.42; 95% CI: 2.62–7.44) and SHS (OR=1.77; 95% CI: 1.47–2.14), even after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of DCD among children is positively associated with prenatal tobacco smoke exposure among the mothers. It is crucial to implement tobacco control measures to decrease the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women and SHS exposure at home as well as in the work environment. ABBREVIATIONS DCD: developmental coordination disorder, ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, FHS: firsthand smoke, SHS: secondhand smoke, MABC-2: movement assessment battery for children-2nd edition, GATS: global adult tobacco survey, SD: standard deviation, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, DAGs: directed acyclic graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Pan
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuili Shen
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilin Yao
- Songjiang Huating Kindergarten, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfen Cheng
- Songjiang Maternal and Child Health-care Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Office of Clinical Research Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Moore BF, Shapiro AL, Wilkening G, Magzamen S, Starling AP, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Dabelea D. Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco and Offspring Neurocognitive Development in the Healthy Start Study. J Pediatr 2020; 218:28-34.e2. [PMID: 31759580 PMCID: PMC7042047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between prenatal exposure to tobacco and neurocognitive development, in the absence of prematurity or low birth weight. STUDY DESIGN We followed mother-child pairs within Healthy Start through 6 years of age. Children were born at ≥37 weeks of gestation with a birth weight of ≥2500 g. Parents completed the Third Edition Ages and Stages Questionnaire (n = 246) and children completed a subset of the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (n = 200). The Ages and Stages Questionnaire domains were dichotomized as fail/monitor and pass. Maternal urinary cotinine was measured at approximately 27 weeks of gestation. Separate logistic regression models estimated associations between prenatal exposure to tobacco (cotinine below vs above the limit of detection) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire domains. Separate linear regression models estimated associations between prenatal exposure to tobacco and fully corrected T-scores for inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and receptive language, as assessed by the National Institutes of Health Toolbox. A priori covariates included sex, maternal age, maternal education, daily caloric intake during pregnancy, race/ethnicity, household income, maternal psychiatric disorders, and, in secondary models, postnatal exposure to tobacco. RESULTS Compared with unexposed offspring, exposed offspring were more likely to receive a fail/monitor score for fine motor skills (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-10.3) and decreased inhibitory control (B: -3.0; 95% CI, -6.1 to -0.7). After adjusting for postnatal exposure, only the association with fine motor skills persisted. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal and postnatal exposures to tobacco may influence neurocognitive development, in the absence of preterm delivery or low birth weight. Increased developmental screening may be warranted for exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna F. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA,Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Allison L. Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Greta Wilkening
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Anne P. Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA,Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA
| | - William B. Allshouse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA
| | - John L. Adgate
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA,Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora CO, USA
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Cedillo-Pozos A, Ternovoy SK, Roldan-Valadez E. Imaging methods used in the assessment of environmental disease networks: a brief review for clinicians. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:18. [PMID: 32034587 PMCID: PMC7007482 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Across the globe, diseases secondary to environmental exposures have been described, and it was also found that existing diseases have been modified by exposure to environmental chemicals or an environmental factor that has been found in their pathogenesis. The Institute of Medicine has shared a permanent concern related to the nations environmental health capacity since 1988. Main body Contemporary imaging methods in the last 15 years started reporting alterations in different human systems such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and pulmonary system among others; evidence suggests the existence of a human environmental disease network. The primary anatomic regions, affected by environmental diseases, recently assessed with imaging methods include Brain (lead exposure, cerebral stroke, pesticide neurotoxicity), uses MRI, DTI, carotid ultrasonography and MRS; Lungs (smoke inhalation, organophosphates poisoning) are mainly assessed with radiography; Gastrointestinal system (chronic inflammatory bowel disease), recent studies have reported the use of aortic ultrasound; Heart (myocardial infarction), its link to environmental diseased has been proved with carotid ultrasound; and Arteries (artery hypertension), the impairment of aortic mechanical properties has been revealed with the use of aortic and brachial ultrasound. Conclusions Environmental epidemiology has revealed that several organs and systems in the human body are targets of air pollutants. Current imaging methods that can assess the deleterious effects of pollutants includes a whole spectrum: radiography, US, CT and MRI. Future studies will help to reveal additional links among environmental disease networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime Cedillo-Pozos
- Directorate of Research, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergey K Ternovoy
- Department of Radiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,A.L. Myasnikov Research Institute of Clinical Cardiology of National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ernesto Roldan-Valadez
- Directorate of Research, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico. .,Department of Radiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Al Shoyaib A, Vaidya B, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato T. Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 153:63-79. [PMID: 31883376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e-Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8-9-day-old pups. Short-term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e-Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e-Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e-Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e-Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e-Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e-Cig use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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McQuire C, Daniel R, Hurt L, Kemp A, Paranjothy S. The causal web of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a review and causal diagram. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:575-594. [PMID: 30648224 PMCID: PMC7250957 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a leading cause of developmental disability. Prenatal alcohol use is the sole necessary cause of FASD, but it is not always sufficient. Multiple factors influence a child's susceptibility to FASD following prenatal alcohol exposure. Much of the FASD risk factor literature has been limited to discussions of association, rather than causation. While knowledge of predictor variables is important for identifying who is most at risk of FASD and for targeting interventions, causal knowledge is important for identifying effective mechanisms for prevention and intervention programmes. We conducted a systematic search and narrative synthesis of the evidence and used this to create a causal diagram (directed acyclic graph; DAG) to describe the causal pathways to FASD. Our results show that the aetiology of FASD is multifaceted and complex. FASD risk is determined by a range of lifestyle, sociodemographic, maternal, social, gestational, and genetic factors. The causal diagram that we present in this review provides a comprehensive summary of causal risk factors for FASD and can be used as a tool to inform data collection and statistical modelling strategies to minimise bias in future studies of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl McQuire
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - R. Daniel
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - L. Hurt
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - A. Kemp
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - S. Paranjothy
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, 3rd Floor, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
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Karakosta P, Margetaki K, Fthenou E, Kampouri M, Kyriklaki A, Koutra K, Chalkiadaki G, Roumeliotaki T, Vafeiadi M, Kogevinas M, Mantzoros C, Chatzi L. Cord Leptin is Associated with Neuropsychomotor Development in Childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1693-1702. [PMID: 31479200 PMCID: PMC6756960 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptin is critical for central nervous system development and maturation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential regulatory role of cord leptin in the neuropsychomotor development of children ages 18 months to 6 years. METHODS This study included 424 children from a prospective mother-child cohort (Rhea Study; Crete, Greece) with available cord leptin levels and data on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition), 4 years (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), and 6 years (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Trail Making Test). Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations. RESULTS Each 10-ng/mL increase in the cord leptin level was associated with increased scores on the gross motor scale at 18 months (β coefficient: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.0-7.5), with decreased scores in the general cognitive performance (β coefficient: -3.0; 95% CI: -5.5 to -0.4), perceptual performance (β coefficient: -3.4; 95% CI: -6.0 to -9.9), working memory (β coefficient: -3.1; 95% CI: -5.7 to -0.4), executive function (β coefficient -3.1; 95% CI: -5.7 to -0.5), and functions of the posterior cortex (β coefficient: -2.7; 95% CI: -5.2 to -0.1) scales at 4 years, and with a 3.7-unit decrease in the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices score at 6 years (β coefficient: -3.7; 95% CI: -6.9 to -0.5). CONCLUSIONS Increased cord leptin levels are associated with enhanced gross motor development at 18 months but decreased cognitive performance in early and middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Karakosta
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University
Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Fthenou
- Qatar Biobank for Medical Research, Qatar Foundation for
Education, Science and Community, Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences,
University of Crete, Rethymnon, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine,
University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental
Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism,
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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40
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Rita Venugopal L, Varghese M T. Using fathers as a negative control exposure: Implications of measurement bias. Scand J Public Health 2019; 48:674-675. [PMID: 31291829 DOI: 10.1177/1403494819850895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Negative control exposure analysis is a very effective tool in evaluating the effect of unmeasured confounding in observational epidemiological studies. Several biases, including recall bias, time-varying confounding factors, measurement bias and so on, can affect the credibility of negative control exposure analysis for causal interpretations. The article focuses on the implications of differential measurement error across exposed group and negative controls to causal interpretations on negative control exposure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Varghese M
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital Calicut, Kerala Government Health Service, India
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41
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Chunxia D, Meifang W, Jianhua Z, Ruijuan Z, Xiue L, Zhuanzhen Z, Linhua Y. Tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16454. [PMID: 31305478 PMCID: PMC6641792 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens known to damage somatic and germ cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS Information about tobacco smoking exposures of the mother before, during, and after pregnancy was collected via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases through November 5, 2018. We performed to evaluate the association between smoking exposure and the risk of childhood ALL and AML. Study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Random effects models were used to obtain summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Nineteen case-control studies of childhood leukemia (age < 15 years) conducted in 9 countries from 1974 to 2018. Maternal smoking exposures did not a significant association with childhood ALL (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 0.953-1.058, P = .881) and AML (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.815-1.038, P = .177) during exposure time windows. However, there was an association with paternal smoking and ALL (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.038-1.275, P = .007). Paternal smoking in AML showed there was no association with smoking exposures and childhood AML (OR = 1.133, 95% CI 0.943-1.362, P = .181). Next, maternal daily cigarettes consumption showed no associations with ALL (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.000-1.168, P = .051) during pregnancy. No association with maternal daily smoking and AML (OR = 0.909, 95% CI 0.682-1.211, P = .514). Paternal daily cigarettes consumption was associated with increased risks of childhood ALL (OR = 1.200, 95% CI 1.112-1.302, P = .000). The higher consumption of paternal smoking (more than 10 per day) was significantly related to childhood ALL. Paternal daily smoking consumption also was related to AML (OR = 1.242, 95% CI 1.031-1.496, P = .022). CONCLUSION Maternal smoking before, during, or after pregnancy was not associated with childhood ALL or AML. However, paternal smoking was related to a significantly elevated risk of childhood ALL during pregnancy, but not for AML. Maternal daily smoking consumption was not associated with ALL or AML during pregnancy. The higher consumption of paternal smoking were, the higher the risk of childhood ALL or AML.
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42
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Ediger K, Hasan SU, Synnes A, Shah J, Creighton D, Isayama T, Shah PS, Lodha A. Maternal smoking and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants <29 weeks gestation: a multicenter cohort study. J Perinatol 2019; 39:791-799. [PMID: 30996278 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-019-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants at 18-21 months corrected age (CA) whose mothers smoked during pregnancy to those whose mothers did not smoke. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants born at <29 weeks of gestation and evaluated at 18-21 months CA were included. Primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). RESULTS Of a total of 2760 infants, 699 met exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 2061 infants, 280 (13.6%) were exposed to maternal smoking and 1781 (86.4%) were not. The odds of the composite outcome of death or NDI (aOR 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03-1.91), NDI alone (aOR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.01-2.03), and Bayley-III motor score <85 (aOR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.31-2.81) were higher in exposed infants. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to maternal smoking was associated with adverse composite outcome of death or NDI, NDI alone and lower motor scores at 18-21 months CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Ediger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shabih U Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dianne Creighton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tetsuya Isayama
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abhay Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Neumann D, Herbert SE, Peterson ER, Underwood L, Morton SMB, Waldie KE. A longitudinal study of antenatal and perinatal risk factors in early childhood cognition: Evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand. Early Hum Dev 2019; 132:45-51. [PMID: 30974313 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor maternal health, disadvantageous exposures during pregnancy and unfavourable perinatal events are associated with adverse trajectories in offspring cognitive development. AIM To examine longitudinal associations between antenatal maternal, perinatal and maternal health characteristics and children's early cognitive development across executive control, motor ability and receptive language domains. STUDY DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES Analyses comprised interview and observational data from 4587 children and their mothers enrolled in the longitudinal Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study. Children's executive control (Luria hand clap task), motor skills (mothers' report) and receptive language ability (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) were assessed at age 4.5 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Smoking pre- and during pregnancy, no folate intake during first trimester and low birth weight were risk factors for poorer executive control. Perceived stress during pregnancy, no folate intake during first trimester and low birth weight were all risk factors for poorer motor ability. Smoking pre-pregnancy, antenatal anxiety and no folate intake during first trimester were risk factors for poorer receptive language ability. CONCLUSION Adverse ante- and perinatal environments are associated with poorer executive control, motor and receptive language abilities in early childhood. Improving maternal education and support especially for more disadvantaged mothers during pregnancy may reduce the potential deleterious impact of adverse ante- and perinatal conditions on children's early cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Neumann
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sarah E Herbert
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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44
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Kyriklaki A, Margetaki K, Kampouri M, Koutra K, Bitsios P, Chalkiadaki G, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Anousaki D, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association between high levels of inflammatory markers and cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age: The Rhea mother-child cohort study, Crete, Greece. Cytokine 2019; 117:1-7. [PMID: 30772773 PMCID: PMC8801160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence associating inflammatory markers in complex, higher order neurological functions, such as cognition and memory. We examined whether high levels of various inflammatory markers are associated with cognitive outcomes at 4 years of age in a mother-child cohort in Crete, Greece (Rhea study). We included 642 children in this cross-sectional study. Levels of several inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17α, IL-10, MIP-1α, TNF-α and the ratios of IL-6 to IL-10 and TNF-α to IL-10) were determined in child serum via immunoassay. Neurodevelopment at 4 years was assessed by means of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations between the exposures and outcomes of interest after adjustment for various confounders. Our results indicate that children with high TNF-α concentrations (≥90th percentile) in serum demonstrated decreased scores in memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.7, -0.2), working memory (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -8.0, -0.1) as well as in memory span scale (adjusted β = -4.0; 95% CI: -7.9, -0.1). We also found that children with high IFN-γ serum levels showed lower scores in memory span scale (adjusted β = -3.4; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.4). Children with elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio demonstrated decreased quantitative (adjusted β = -4.3; 95% CI: -8.2, -0.4), motor (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5), executive function (adjusted β = -4.8; 95% CI: -8.5, -1.1), general cognitive (adjusted β = -3.6; 95% CI: -7.3, -0.1), memory (adjusted β = -3.8; 95% CI: -7.6, -0), working memory (adjusted β = -3.5; 95% CI: -7.5, -0.5) and memory span scores (adjusted β = -5.3; 95% CI: -9.1, -1.4) The findings suggest that high levels of TNF-α may contribute to reduced memory performance at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani Kyriklaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mariza Kampouri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Koutra
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Anousaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Sanderson E, Macdonald-Wallis C, Davey Smith G. Negative control exposure studies in the presence of measurement error: implications for attempted effect estimate calibration. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:587-596. [PMID: 29088358 PMCID: PMC5913619 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Negative control exposure studies are increasingly being used in epidemiological studies to strengthen causal inference regarding an exposure-outcome association when unobserved confounding is thought to be present. Negative control exposure studies contrast the magnitude of association of the negative control, which has no causal effect on the outcome but is associated with the unmeasured confounders in the same way as the exposure, with the magnitude of the association of the exposure with the outcome. A markedly larger effect of the exposure on the outcome than the negative control on the outcome strengthens inference that the exposure has a causal effect on the outcome. Methods We investigate the effect of measurement error in the exposure and negative control variables on the results obtained from a negative control exposure study. We do this in models with continuous and binary exposure and negative control variables using analysis of the bias of the estimated coefficients and Monte Carlo simulations. Results Our results show that measurement error in either the exposure or negative control variables can bias the estimated results from the negative control exposure study. Conclusions Measurement error is common in the variables used in epidemiological studies; these results show that negative control exposure studies cannot be used to precisely determine the size of the effect of the exposure variable, or adequately adjust for unobserved confounding; however, they can be used as part of a body of evidence to aid inference as to whether a causal effect of the exposure on the outcome is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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46
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Ferrer M, García-Esteban R, Iñiguez C, Costa O, Fernández-Somoano A, Rodríguez-Delhi C, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi A, Tonne C, Sunyer J, Julvez J. Head circumference and child ADHD symptoms and cognitive functioning: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:377-388. [PMID: 30027417 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the association between prenatal, newborn and postnatal head circumference (HC) and preschool neurodevelopment in a large population-based birth cohort. The INMA project followed 1795 children from 12 weeks of pregnancy to preschool years. HC measurements were carried out prospectively, and following a standardized protocol during pregnancy (12, 20 and 34 weeks), birth, and child ages of 1-1.5 and 4 years old; and z-scores were further estimated. Prenatal head growth was assessed using conditional z-scores between weeks 12-20 and 20-34. Several neuropsychological tests [MSCA (cognition), CPT (attention)] and behavioral rating scales [DSM-IV-ADHD, CAST (autism), CPSCS (social competence)] were carried out during the last follow-up (5 years old). Multivariable models adjusted for family and child characteristics were applied to analyze associations between HC and neurodevelopment. In fully adjusted models, prenatal HC and head growth showed little or no associations with the neurodevelopment outcomes. Independent associations were observed between HC z-scores at birth, 1-1.5 years and 4 years and MSCA global cognitive scores and DSM-IV inattention symptoms. Specifically, z-score at birth was positively associated with general cognitive scores [β 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59, 1.85], and we observed a protective association with ADHD-DSM-IV total symptoms, mean ratio (MR) 0.85 (0.75, 0.96). Prenatal HC and head growth measurements gave little information about child cognitive abilities and behavior at preschool years. However, HC at birth and early childhood was positively associated with a range of neuropsychological outcomes, including protective associations with ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Ferrer
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat, Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Costa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat, Jaume I-Universitat de València, Av. Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- ISGlobal, Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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47
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Roigé-Castellví J, Murphy M, Hernández-Martínez C, Solé-Navais P, Cavallé-Busquets P, Fernández-Ballart J, Ballesteros M, Canals J. The effect of prenatal smoke exposure on child neuropsychological function: a prospective mother-child cohort study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:25-37. [PMID: 30777448 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1580350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study prospectively the effect of prenatal smoke exposure (PSE) on child neuropsychological function and intelligence quotient (IQ).Background: PSE has been associated with adverse effects on child neurodevelopment. However, some studies reported that these associations disappear after adjustment for potential confounders.Methods: A cohortof 248 mothers-child dyad was followed from the first trimester of pregnancy until children were 7.5 years old. PSE was recorded during pregnancy by questionnaire and plasma cotinine. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions for Children (ENFEN) and the School Neuropsychological Maturity Questionnaire were administered at 7.5 years of age. The effect of PSE on child IQ and neuropsychological function was assessed with ANCOVA, adjusting for obstetric, neonatal and sociodemographic factors.Results: Children whose mothers smoked throughout pregnancy scored lower in interference (ENFEN) compared to unexposed children (F = 4.1; p = .008). The results showed no differences in other executive functions, verbal and visual memory and IQ between the PSE groups.Conclusion: PSE had little effect on child neuropsychological outcome and was limited to mental flexibility. Nevertheless, these findings support further efforts aimed at encouraging mothers to quit smoking in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Roigé-Castellví
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Michelle Murphy
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, URV, IISPV, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Martínez
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pol Solé-Navais
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, URV, IISPV, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Cavallé-Busquets
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Area of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Fernández-Ballart
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, URV, IISPV, Reus, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ballesteros
- Area of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Centre de Recerca en Avaluació i Mesura de la Conducta (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
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Altenhofen S, Nabinger DD, Bitencourt PER, Bonan CD. Dichlorvos alters morphology and behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:1117-1123. [PMID: 30682746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-dimethylphosphate), an organophosphorus pesticide used for indoor insect and livestock parasite control, is among the most common commercially available pesticides. However, there are significant concerns over its toxicity, especially due to its relative stability in water, soil, and air. Zebrafish, an important developmental model, has been used for studying the effects of toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure to dichlorvos at early life stages (1 h postfertilization - 7 days postfertilization) in the zebrafish and its toxicological effects during the development, through morphological (7 days postfertilization), locomotor and social behavior analysis (7, 14, 30, 70, and 120 days postfertilization). Dichlorvos (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) exposure reduced the body length and heartbeat rate at 7 days postfertilization (dpf), as well as the surface area of the eyes (5 and 10 mg/L). The avoidance behavior test showed a significant decrease in escape responses at 7 (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) and 14 (5 and 10 mg/L) dpf zebrafish. The evaluation of larval exploratory behavior showed a reduction in distance traveled, mean speed (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) and time mobile (10 mg/L) between control and dichlorvos groups. In addition, the analysis performed on adult animals showed that the changes in distance traveled and mean speed remained reduced in 30 (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) and 70 dpf (5 and 10 mg/L), recovering values similar to the control at 120 dpf. The social behavior of zebrafish was not altered by exposure to dichlorvos in the early stages of development. Thus, the exposure to organophosphorus compounds at early stages of development induces an increased susceptibility to behavioral and neuronal changes that could be associated with several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani Altenhofen
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Dreher Nabinger
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Eliete Rodrigues Bitencourt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Maternal copper status and neuropsychological development in infants and preschool children. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:503-512. [PMID: 30713056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in biological processes; however, excessive Cu could be harmful because of its reactive nature. Very few studies have evaluated its potential neurotoxic effects. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal Cu levels and children's neuropsychological development. METHODS Study subjects were mother-child pairs from the Spanish INMA (i.e. Childhood and Environment) Project. Cu was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in serum samples taken at the first trimester of pregnancy (2003-2005). Neuropsychological development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) at 12 months (n = 651) and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at 5 years of age (n = 490). Covariates were obtained by questionnaires during pregnancy and childhood. Multivariate linear and non-linear models were built in order to study the association between maternal Cu and child neuropsychological development. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of maternal Cu concentrations was 1606 ± 272 μg/L. In the multivariate analysis, a negative linear association was found between maternal Cu concentrations and both the BSID mental scale (beta = -0.051; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.102, -0.001) and the MSCA verbal scale (beta = -0.044; 95%CI:-0.094, 0.006). Boys obtained poorer scores than girls, with increasing Cu at 12 months (interaction p-value = 0.040 for the mental scale and 0.074 for the psychomotor scale). This effect modification disappeared at 5 years of age. The association between Cu and the MSCA scores (verbal, perceptive performance, global memory and motor, general cognitive, and executive function scales) was negative for those children with lowest maternal iron concentrations (<938μg/L). CONCLUSION The Cu concentrations observed in our study were within the reference range established for healthy pregnant women in previous studies. The results of this study contribute to the body of scientific knowledge with important information on the possible neurotoxic capability of Cu during pregnancy.
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Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Early Development of Children in Rural Guizhou Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122866. [PMID: 30558202 PMCID: PMC6313710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of evidence supporting the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and child development, but the association between prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and early child development has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study examines the association between prenatal exposure to ETS and the development of children in their first two years of life. METHODS We interviewed the primary caregivers of 446 children under two years old in rural Guizhou Province, China. Based on self-reported assessments about whether the mother was exposed to ETS during pregnancy, we divided the children into the ETS-exposed group or the non-exposed group. Sociodemographic information was collected through a questionnaire. The cognitive, language, motor, and socioemotional abilities of children were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III). A multivariate linear regression model adjusting for confounding variables was used to estimate the association of interest. RESULTS About 60% of mothers experienced ETS exposure during pregnancy. Cognitive and language scores were lower among children in the ETS-exposed group. When adjusting for characteristics of the child, the mother, the household, and village fixed effects, prenatal exposure to ETS was associated with lower cognition scores (-3.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.39 to -0.42; p = 0.03) and language scores (-3.01; 95% CI: -5.39 to -0.09; p = 0.04). Frequency of prenatal exposure to ETS was also negatively associated with language development (-0.48; 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.09; p = 0.02) before children reached two years old. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to ETS is negatively associated with the cognitive and language development of rural young children within their first two years of life. The government should take action to raise public awareness about the negative effects of tobacco use, with an emphasis on the protection of pregnant women and their children, in order to carry through comprehensive smoke-free laws in rural areas, while also increasing tobacco taxation.
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