1
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Kotaki R, Moriyama S, Oishi S, Onodera T, Adachi Y, Sasaki E, Ishino K, Morikawa M, Takei H, Takahashi H, Takano T, Nishiyama A, Yumoto K, Terahara K, Isogawa M, Matsumura T, Shinkai M, Takahashi Y. Repeated Omicron exposures redirect SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cell evolution toward the latest variants. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadp9927. [PMID: 39167666 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adp9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunological imprinting by ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains is thought to impede the robust induction of Omicron-specific humoral responses by Omicron-based booster vaccines. Here, we analyzed the specificity and neutralization activity of memory B (Bmem) cells after repeated BA.5 exposure in individuals previously imprinted by ancestral strain-based mRNA vaccines. After a second BA.5 exposure, Bmem cells with BA.5 spike protein-skewed reactivity were promptly elicited, correlating with preexisting antibody titers. Clonal lineage analysis identified BA.5-skewed Bmem cells that had redirected their specificity from the ancestral strain to BA.5 through somatic hypermutations. Moreover, Bmem cells with redirected BA.5 specificity exhibited accelerated development compared with de novo Bmem cells derived from naïve repertoires. This redirected BA.5 specificity demonstrated greater resilience to viral point mutation and adaptation to recent Omicron variants HK.3 and JN.1, months after the second BA.5 exposure, suggesting that existing Bmem cells elicited by older vaccines can redirect their specificity toward newly evolving variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kotaki
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shintaro Oishi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yu Adachi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kota Ishino
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tomohiro Takano
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ayae Nishiyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kohei Yumoto
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Terahara
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
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2
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Springer DN, Camp JV, Aberle SW, Deutsch J, Lammel O, Weseslindtner L, Stiasny K, Aberle JH. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.5 and JN.1 variants after COVID-19 booster-vaccination and infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29801. [PMID: 38988204 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages continue to emerge and evolve into new sublineages, causing infection waves throughout 2022 and 2023, which has been attributed to immune escape. We examined neutralizing antibody responses to the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant in comparison to ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 variants. We tested 79 human sera from cohorts with different combinations of vaccinations and infections, including 23 individuals who had been repeatedly exposed to Omicron. Individuals with a monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine booster or XBB.1.5 breakthrough infection had robust antibody levels against all variants tested; however, JN.1 evaded antibodies in individuals after single Omicron BA.1, BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infections. Moreover, in the non-vaccinated cohort, serum antibodies demonstrated almost no cross-neutralization activities against D614G, XBB.1.5 and JN.1. after infections with earlier Omicron variants. These findings show that SARS-CoV-2-immunity is heterogeneous, depending on different combinations of vaccinations and infections, and emphasize the importance of considering different immune-backgrounds when evaluating novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Springer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Jeremy V Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Oliver Lammel
- Independent Researcher, Ramsau am Dachstein, Austria
| | | | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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3
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da Costa HHM, Silva VO, Amorim GC, Guereschi MG, Sergio LM, Gomes CHR, Hong MA, de Oliveira EL, Brígido LFDM, Lindoso JAL, Prudencio CR. Assessment of an in-house IgG ELISA targeting SARS-CoV-2 RBD: Applications in infected and vaccinated individuals. J Immunol Methods 2024; 530:113683. [PMID: 38759864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The study evoluated an in-house Spike Receptor Binding Domain Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (RBD-IgG-ELISA) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 99.25%, and accuracy of 95.13%. Precision and reproducibility were highly consistent. The RBD-IgG-ELISA was able to detect 96.25% of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed cases for SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating positive and negative predictive values of 99,18% and 91,69%, respectively. In an epidemiological survey, ELISA, lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA), and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) exhibited diagnostic sensitivities of 68.29%, 63.41%, and 70.73%, respectively, along with specificities of 82.93%, 80.49%, and 80.49%, respectively. Agreement between RBD-IgG-ELISA/PCR was moderate (k index 0.512). However, good agreement between different assays (RBD-IgG-ELISA/LFIA k index 0.875, RBD-IgG-ELISA/ECLIA k index 0.901). Test performance on individuals' samples were inferior due to seroconversion time and chronicity. The IgG-RBD-ELISA assay demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring antibody levels among healthcare professionals, revealing significant differences both before and after the administration of the third vaccine dose, with heightened protection levels observed following the third dose in five Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine regimens. In conclusion, the RBD-IgG-ELISA exhibits high reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, making it a suitable assay validated for serosurveillance and for obtaining information about COVID-19 infections or vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Hermes Monteiro da Costa
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Valeria Oliveira Silva
- Virology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Public Health Surveillance of the Disease Control Coordination, State Health Department, São Paulo 02146-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Carvalho Amorim
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marisa Ailin Hong
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
- Institute of Infectology Emilio Ribas, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil; Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Prudencio
- Immunology Center, Institute Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-902, Brazil; Program Interunits in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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4
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Tan D, Kang N, Zhu Y, Hou J, Wang H, Xu H, Zu C, Gao Z, Liu M, Liu N, Deng Q, Lu H, Liu J, Xie Y. Construction and efficacy testing of DNA vaccines containing HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:986-996. [PMID: 38655616 PMCID: PMC11322877 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play essential roles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The development and assessment of COVID-19 vaccines have generally focused on the induction and boosting of neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Due to rapid and continuous variation in the S protein, such vaccines need to be regularly updated to match newly emerged dominant variants. T-cell vaccines that target MHC I- or II-restricted epitopes in both structural and non-structural viral proteins have the potential to induce broadly cross-protective and long-lasting responses. In this work, the entire proteome encoded by SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1) is subjected to immunoinformatics-based prediction of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes. The immunogenicity of the predicted epitopes is evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Wuhan-hu-1-infected patients. Furthermore, predicted epitopes that are conserved across major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants are used to construct DNA vaccines expressing multi-epitope polypeptides. Most importantly, two DNA vaccine constructs induce epitope-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in a mouse model of HLA-A*02:01 restriction and protect immunized mice from challenge with Wuhan-hu-1 virus after hACE2 transduction. These data provide candidate T-cell epitopes useful for the development of T-cell vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a strategy for quick T-cell vaccine candidate development applicable to other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Ning Kang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Yuanfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Jia Hou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Huijun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Cheng Zu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Zixiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Mu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai201508China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Diseasesthe Third People’s Hospital of ShenzhenThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518112China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (NHC & MOE & CAMS)Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityDepartment of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghai201508China
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5
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Wang W, Bhushan GL, Paz S, Stauft CB, Selvaraj P, Goguet E, Bishop-Lilly KA, Subramanian R, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Cong Y, Agan B, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Fries A, Fung CK, Conte MA, Holbrook MR, Wang TT, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588359. [PMID: 38712124 PMCID: PMC11071293 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gitanjali L. Bhushan
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Paz
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles B. Stauft
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Prabhu Selvaraj
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian K. Fung
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A. Conte
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony T. Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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6
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Matusali G, Vergori A, Cimini E, Mariotti D, Mazzotta V, Lepri AC, Colavita F, Gagliardini R, Notari S, Meschi S, Fusto M, Tartaglia E, Girardi E, Maggi F, Antinori A. Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster dose in persons with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29598. [PMID: 38624044 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We estimated the dynamics of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages and T cell response in persons with HIV (PWH) with previous AIDS and/or CD4 < 200/mm3 receiving the bivalent original strain/BA.4-5 booster dose in fall 2022. Samples were collected before the shot (Day 0), 15 days, 3, and 6 months after. PWH were stratified by immunization status: hybrid immunity (HI; vaccination plus COVID-19) versus nonhybrid immunity (nHI; vaccination only). Fifteen days after the booster, 16% and 30% of PWH were nonresponders in terms of anti-XBB.1.16 or anti-EG.5.1 nAbs, respectively. Three months after, a significant waning of anti-XBB.1.16, EG.5.1 and -XBB.1 nAbs was observed both in HI and nHI but nAbs in HI were higher than in nHI. Six months after both HI and nHI individuals displayed low mean levels of anti-XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 nAbs. Regarding T cell response, IFN-γ values were stable over time and similar in HI and nHI. Our data showed that in PWH, during the prevalent circulation of the XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and other XBB sublineages, a mRNA bivalent vaccine might not confer broad protection against them. With a view to the 2023/2024 vaccination campaign, the use of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine should be urgently warranted in PWH to provide adequate protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vergori
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Immunology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cozzi Lepri
- Institute for Global Health, University College of London, Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modeling and Evaluation (CREME), London, UK
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gagliardini
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Immunology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Fusto
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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7
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Zhao T, Tani Y, Makino-Okamura C, Takita M, Yamamoto C, Kawahara E, Abe T, Sugiura S, Yoshimura H, Uchiyama T, Yamazaki I, Ishigame H, Ueno T, Okuma K, Wakui M, Fukuyama H, Tsubokura M. Diminished neutralizing activity against the XBB1.5 strain in 55.9% of individuals post 6 months COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination: insights from a pseudovirus assay on 1,353 participants in the Fukushima vaccination community survey, Japan. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1337520. [PMID: 38562937 PMCID: PMC10983612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1337520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the neutralizing activity against the XBB1.5 variant and the ancestral strain in a population post-bivalent vaccination using a pseudo virus assay validated with authentic virus assay. While bivalent booster vaccination and past infections enhanced neutralization against the XBB 1.5 strain, individuals with comorbidities showed reduced responses. The study suggests the need for continuous vaccine updates to address emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and highlights the importance of monitoring real-world immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Zhao
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Makino-Okamura
- Division of Immunology, Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Morihito Takita
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eiki Kawahara
- Division of Immunology, Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cell Integrative Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Abe
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sota Sugiura
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshimura
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchiyama
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Isato Yamazaki
- Division of Immunology, Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cell Integrative Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Harumichi Ishigame
- Division of Immunology, Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ueno
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, School of Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, School of Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukuyama
- Division of Immunology, Near-InfraRed Photo-Immunotherapy Research Institute, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Cell Integrative Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- INSERM EST, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- General Incorporated Association for Comprehensive Disaster Health Management Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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8
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Parry H, Bruton R, Uwenedi G, Roberts T, Sylla P, Cook J, Elzaidi A, Lau M, Drury T, Bray A, Mallick S, Spencer K, Bentley C, McIlroy G, Scott S, Logan N, Zuo J, Willett B, Moss P. Robust generation of neutralising antibodies against Omicron variants following bivalent mRNA booster vaccine in elderly people aged >80 years. J Infect 2024; 88:48-50. [PMID: 37660756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Bruton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grace Uwenedi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas Roberts
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Panagiota Sylla
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Ahmed Elzaidi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - May Lau
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tamsin Drury
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander Bray
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Soumyajit Mallick
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Windmill Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Katie Spencer
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher Bentley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graham McIlroy
- University Hospitals Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sam Scott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nicola Logan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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9
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Heftdal LD, Hansen CB, Hamm SR, Pérez-Alós L, Fogh K, Pries-Heje M, Hasselbalch RB, Møller DL, Gang AO, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Sørensen E, Hilsted L, Bundgaard H, Garred P, Iversen K, Sabin C, Nielsen SD, Grønbæk K. Humoral Immune Responses after an Omicron-Adapted Booster BNT162b2 Vaccination in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies. Viruses 2023; 16:11. [PMID: 38275946 PMCID: PMC10820239 DOI: 10.3390/v16010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
To accommodate waning COVID-19 vaccine immunity to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, variant-adapted mRNA vaccines have been introduced. Here, we examine serological responses to the BA.1 and BA.4-5 Omicron variant-adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in people with lymphoid malignancies. We included 233 patients with lymphoid malignancies (chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia: 73 (31.3%), lymphoma: 89 (38.2%), multiple myeloma/amyloidosis: 71 (30.5%)), who received an Omicron-adapted mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. IgG and neutralizing antibodies specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 were measured using ELISA-based methods. Differences in antibody concentrations and neutralizing capacity and associations with risk factors were assessed using mixed-effects models. Over the period of vaccination with an Omicron-adapted COVID-19 vaccine, the predicted mean concentration of anti-RBD IgG increased by 0.09 log10 AU/mL/month (95% CI: 0.07; 0.11) in patients with lymphoid malignancies across diagnoses. The predicted mean neutralizing capacity increased by 0.9 percent points/month (95% CI: 0.2; 1.6). We found no associations between the increase in antibody concentration or neutralizing capacity and the variant included in the adapted vaccine. In conclusion, a discrete increase in antibody concentrations and neutralizing capacity was found over the course of Omicron-adapted vaccination in patients with lymphoid malignancies regardless of the adapted vaccine variant, indicating a beneficial effect of Omicron-adapted booster vaccination in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloees Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Ole Maaloees Vej 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Ole Maaloees Vej 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mia Pries-Heje
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Anne Ortved Gang
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Linda Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Ole Maaloees Vej 26, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 11, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Caroline Sabin
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation, Institute for Global Health, UCL, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloees Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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10
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Rössler A, Netzl A, Knabl L, Bante D, Wilks SH, Borena W, von Laer D, Smith DJ, Kimpel J. Characterizing SARS-CoV-2 neutralization profiles after bivalent boosting using antigenic cartography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5224. [PMID: 37633965 PMCID: PMC10460376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since emergence of the initial SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 variants, Omicron has diversified substantially. Antigenic characterization of these new variants is important to analyze their potential immune escape from population immunity and implications for future vaccine composition. Here, we describe an antigenic map based on human single-exposure sera and live-virus isolates that includes a broad selection of recently emerged Omicron variants such as BA.2.75, BF.7, BQ, XBB and XBF variants. Recent Omicron variants clustered around BA.1 and BA.5 with some variants further extending the antigenic space. Based on this antigenic map we constructed antibody landscapes to describe neutralization profiles after booster immunization with bivalent mRNA vaccines based on ancestral virus and either BA.1 or BA.4/5. Immune escape of BA.2.75, BQ, XBB and XBF variants was also evident in bivalently boosted individuals, however, cross-neutralization was improved for those with hybrid immunity. Our results indicate that future vaccine updates are needed to induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against currently circulating variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rössler
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonia Netzl
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludwig Knabl
- Tyrolpath Obrist Brunhuber GmbH, Hauptplatz 4, 6511, Zams, Austria
| | - David Bante
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Samuel H Wilks
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wegene Borena
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Derek J Smith
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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