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Barber MF, Fitzgerald JR. Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae019. [PMID: 39003250 PMCID: PMC11308195 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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2
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Cullum E, Perez-Betancourt Y, Shi M, Gkika E, Schneewind O, Missiakas D, Golovkina T. Deficiency in non-classical major histocompatibility class II-like molecule, H2-O confers protection against Staphylococcus aureus in mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012306. [PMID: 38843309 PMCID: PMC11185455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human-adapted pathogen that replicates by asymptomatically colonizing its host. S. aureus is also the causative agent of purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as bloodstream infections that result in the metastatic seeding of abscess lesions in all organ tissues. Prolonged colonization, infection, disease relapse, and recurrence point to the versatile capacity of S. aureus to bypass innate and adaptive immune defenses as well as the notion that some hosts fail to generate protective immune responses. Here, we find a genetic trait that provides protection against this pathogen. Mice lacking functional H2-O, the equivalent of human HLA-DO, inoculated with a mouse-adapted strain of S. aureus, efficiently decolonize the pathogen. Further, these decolonized animals resist subsequent bloodstream challenge with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. A genetic approach demonstrates that T-cell dependent B cell responses are required to control S. aureus colonization and infection in H2-O-deficient mice. Reduced bacterial burdens in these animals correlate with increased titers and enhanced phagocytic activity of S. aureus-specific antibodies. H2-O negatively regulates the loading of high affinity peptides on major histocompatibility class II (MHC-II) molecules. Thus, we hypothesize that immune responses against S. aureus are derepressed in mice lacking H2-O because more high affinity peptides are presented by MHC-II. We speculate that loss-of-function HLA-DO alleles may similarly control S. aureus replication in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cullum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yunys Perez-Betancourt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eirinaios Gkika
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Olaf Schneewind
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Howard T. Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Golovkina
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and System Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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3
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Piewngam P, Otto M. Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and strategies for decolonisation. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e606-e618. [PMID: 38518792 PMCID: PMC11162333 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of death by infectious diseases worldwide. Treatment of S aureus infections is difficult due to widespread antibiotic resistance, necessitating alternative approaches and measures for prevention of infection. Because S aureus infections commonly arise from asymptomatic colonisation, decolonisation is considered a key approach for their prevention. Current decolonisation procedures include antibiotic-based and antiseptic-based eradication of S aureus from the nose and skin. However, despite the widespread implementation and partial success of such measures, S aureus infection rates remain worrisome, and resistance to decolonisation agents is on the rise. In this Review we outline the epidemiology and mechanisms of S aureus colonisation, describe how colonisation underlies infection, and discuss current and novel approaches for S aureus decolonisation, with a focus on the latest findings on probiotic strategies and the intestinal S aureus colonisation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pipat Piewngam
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Tuffs SW, Dufresne K, Rishi A, Walton NR, McCormick JK. Novel insights into the immune response to bacterial T cell superantigens. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:417-434. [PMID: 38225276 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial T cell superantigens (SAgs) are a family of microbial exotoxins that function to activate large numbers of T cells simultaneously. SAgs activate T cells by direct binding and crosslinking of the lateral regions of MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells with T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells; these interactions alter the normal TCR-peptide-MHC class II architecture to activate T cells in a manner that is independent of the antigen specificity of the TCR. SAgs have well-recognized, central roles in human diseases such as toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever through their quantitative effects on the T cell response; in addition, numerous other consequences of SAg-driven T cell activation are now being recognized, including direct roles in the pathogenesis of endocarditis, bloodstream infections, skin disease and pharyngitis. In this Review, we summarize the expanding family of bacterial SAgs and how these toxins can engage highly diverse adaptive immune receptors. We highlight recent findings regarding how SAg-driven manipulation of the adaptive immune response may operate in multiple human diseases, as well as contributing to the biology and life cycle of SAg-producing bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Tuffs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karine Dufresne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aanchal Rishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Walton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Arleevskaya MI, Novikov AA, Valeeva AR, Korovina MO, Serdiuk IL, Popov VA, Carlé C, Renaudineau Y. At Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Stage, the Infectious Spectrum Is Driven by Non-Familial Factors and Anti-CCP Immunization. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2796. [PMID: 38792338 PMCID: PMC11122272 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are prone to develop infections. Methods: Accordingly, 195 untreated early (e)RA patients and 398 healthy controls were selected from women in Tatarstan's cohort to study infectious history in the anamnesis (four criteria) and in the previous year (16 criteria). Information about annual infections was collected face-to-face from year to year by a qualified rheumatologist/general practitioner and included the active use of information from medical records. Results: In the anamnesis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, and in the previous year, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and herpes simplex virus reactivation incidence were reported to be increased in eRA patients, as well as the event number and duration of acute and chronic tonsillitis. Moreover, more bacterial-suspected upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections were retrieved in sporadic eRA patients as compared to familial eRA patients. An elevated immunization against CCP prevented respiratory tract infection in those with HSV exacerbation. Finally, associations were retrieved between infection (event number/delay) and RA indices: (i) chronic tonsillitis exacerbations with disease activity and health assessment (HAQ) in familial eRA; (ii) bacterial-suspected upper respiratory infections with the number of swollen and tender joints in sporadic eRA; and (iii) HSV exacerbation with inflammation in eRA patients with negative/low response against CCP. Here, we demonstrate the complex nature of the interplay of RA with specific infections. Conclusions: For the first time, differences in the patterns of annual trivial infections and their links with RA indices were found in cohorts of familial and sporadic cases of the disease. Additionally, for the first time, we identified a remarkable relationship between early RA and exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis, as well as tuberculosis in the patient's history. Altogether, this study supports the existence of a complex interplay between infections and RA at onset driven by familial status and the presence of anti-CCP Ab at elevated levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I. Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.V.); (M.O.K.); (I.L.S.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrej A. Novikov
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Innopolis University, 420500 Innopolis, Russia;
| | - Anna R. Valeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.V.); (M.O.K.); (I.L.S.)
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina O. Korovina
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.V.); (M.O.K.); (I.L.S.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor L. Serdiuk
- Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.V.); (M.O.K.); (I.L.S.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Popov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Caroline Carlé
- Department of Immunology, Hôspital Purpan, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Université Toulouse IIII, 31062 Toulouse, France; (C.C.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Department of Immunology, Hôspital Purpan, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Université Toulouse IIII, 31062 Toulouse, France; (C.C.); (Y.R.)
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6
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Yang J. Using nutrigenomics to guide personalized nutrition supplementation for bolstering immune system. Health Inf Sci Syst 2023; 11:4. [PMID: 36660409 PMCID: PMC9846659 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity refers to the ability of the human immune system to resist pathogen infection. Immune system has the basic functions of immune defense, immune self stabilization and immune surveillance. Balanced nutrition is the cornerstone of the immune system to play its immune function, and nutritional intervention is also an important means to maintain and improve immunity. Previous studies have confirmed that T cells have individual differences in recognizing viral antigens of virus infected cells, and the body's response to antigens is controlled by a variety of genetic genes, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, immune response (Ir) genes, etc. In this paper, through immunity genetic testing, we screen out genetically susceptible people with low immunity and people with the risk of nutrient metabolism disorders; through using lifestyle questionnaire and physical examination results, we analyze people's physical condition, dietary habits, and exercise habits to evaluate people's nutrient deficiency degree. Then, combining multi-dimensional health data, we evaluate users' immune status and nutritional deficiency risk comprehensively, further, we implemented personalized nutrition intervention on the types and doses of nutritional supplements to improve immunity. We also validated the effectiveness of our personalized nutrition solution through a population-based cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Yang
- School of Information Science, Beijing Language and Culture University, 15 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083 China
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7
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Rivera JJ, Aristizábal-Guzmán C, Isaza-Ruget MA, Álvarez-Moreno CA. Host Transcriptional Regulatory Genes and Microbiome Networks Crosstalk through Immune Receptors Establishing Normal and Tumor Multiomics Metafirm of the Oral-Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16638. [PMID: 38068961 PMCID: PMC10706695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has shown a correlation with the diet and lifestyle of each population in health and disease, the ability to communicate at the cellular level with the host through innate and adaptative immune receptors, and therefore an important role in modulating inflammatory process related to the establishment and progression of cancer. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment, allowing the entry of an important number of microorganisms and their passage across the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In this review, the contribution of the microbiome network to the establishment of systemic diseases like cancer is analyzed through their synergistic interactions and bidirectional crosstalk in the oral-gut-lung axis as well as its communication with the host cells. Moreover, the impact of the characteristic microbiota of each population in the formation of the multiomics molecular metafirm of the oral-gut-lung axis is also analyzed through state-of-the-art sequencing techniques, which allow a global study of the molecular processes involved of the flow of the microbiota environmental signals through cancer-related cells and its relationship with the establishment of the transcription factor network responsible for the control of regulatory processes involved with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Javier López-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Specialized Laboratory, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Claudia Aristizábal-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Mario Arturo Isaza-Ruget
- Keralty, Sanitas International Organization, Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
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8
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Kapp KL, Ji Choi M, Bai K, Du L, Yende S, Kellum JA, Angus DC, Peck-Palmer OM, Robinson RAS. PATHWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH POSITIVE SEPSIS SURVIVAL OUTCOMES IN AFRICAN AMERICAN/BLACK AND NON-HISPANIC WHITE PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION. Shock 2023; 60:362-372. [PMID: 37493584 PMCID: PMC10527228 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of sepsis worldwide. Annually, more than 60,000 US deaths can be attributed to sepsis secondary to UTIs, and African American/Black adults have higher incidence and case-fatality rates than non-Hispanic White adults. Molecular-level factors that may help partially explain differences in sepsis survival outcomes between African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White adults are not clear. In this study, patient samples (N = 166) from the Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock cohort were analyzed using discovery-based plasma proteomics. Patients had sepsis secondary to UTIs and were stratified according to self-identified racial background and sepsis survival outcomes. Proteomics results suggest patient heterogeneity across mechanisms driving survival from sepsis secondary to UTIs. Differentially expressed proteins (n = 122, false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05) in Non-Hispanic White sepsis survivors were primarily in immune system pathways, while differentially expressed proteins (n = 47, false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05) in African American/Black patients were mostly in metabolic pathways. However, in all patients, regardless of racial background, there were 16 differentially expressed proteins in sepsis survivors involved in translation initiation and shutdown pathways. These pathways are potential targets for prognostic intervention. Overall, this study provides information about molecular factors that may help explain disparities in sepsis survival outcomes among African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White patients with primary UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Kapp
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 32732, USA
| | - Min Ji Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kun Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sachin Yende
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - John A. Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Derek C. Angus
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Octavia M. Peck-Palmer
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Renã A. S. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 32732, USA
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9
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Chen X, Wang Y, Cappuccio A, Cheng WS, Zamojski FR, Nair VD, Miller CM, Rubenstein AB, Nudelman G, Tadych A, Theesfeld CL, Vornholt A, George MC, Ruffin F, Dagher M, Chawla DG, Soares-Schanoski A, Spurbeck RR, Ndhlovu LC, Sebra R, Kleinstein SH, Letizia AG, Ramos I, Fowler VG, Woods CW, Zaslavsky E, Troyanskaya OG, Sealfon SC. Mapping disease regulatory circuits at cell-type resolution from single-cell multiomics data. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:644-657. [PMID: 37974651 PMCID: PMC10653299 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Resolving chromatin-remodeling-linked gene expression changes at cell-type resolution is important for understanding disease states. Here we describe MAGICAL (Multiome Accessibility Gene Integration Calling and Looping), a hierarchical Bayesian approach that leverages paired single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing from different conditions to map disease-associated transcription factors, chromatin sites, and genes as regulatory circuits. By simultaneously modeling signal variation across cells and conditions in both omics data types, MAGICAL achieved high accuracy on circuit inference. We applied MAGICAL to study Staphylococcus aureus sepsis from peripheral blood mononuclear single-cell data that we generated from subjects with bloodstream infection and uninfected controls. MAGICAL identified sepsis-associated regulatory circuits predominantly in CD14 monocytes, known to be activated by bacterial sepsis. We addressed the challenging problem of distinguishing host regulatory circuit responses to methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections. Although differential expression analysis failed to show predictive value, MAGICAL identified epigenetic circuit biomarkers that distinguished methicillin-resistant from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Antonio Cappuccio
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wan-Sze Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Venugopalan D. Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clare M. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aliza B. Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - German Nudelman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicja Tadych
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Chandra L. Theesfeld
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alexandria Vornholt
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Dagher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel G. Chawla
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Elena Zaslavsky, Olga G. Troyanskaya, Stuart C. Sealfon
| | - Olga G. Troyanskaya
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Elena Zaslavsky, Olga G. Troyanskaya, Stuart C. Sealfon
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Elena Zaslavsky, Olga G. Troyanskaya, Stuart C. Sealfon
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10
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Parsons JB, Westgeest AC, Conlon BP, Fowler VG. Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Host, Pathogen, and Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:455. [PMID: 36978320 PMCID: PMC10044482 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a devastating pathogen responsible for a variety of life-threatening infections. A distinctive characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to persist in the bloodstream for several days despite seemingly appropriate antibiotics. Persistent MRSA bacteremia is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The etiology of persistent MRSA bacteremia is a result of the complex interplay between the host, the pathogen, and the antibiotic used to treat the infection. In this review, we explore the factors related to each component of the host-pathogen interaction and discuss the clinical relevance of each element. Next, we discuss the treatment options and diagnostic approaches for the management of persistent MRSA bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Annette C. Westgeest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Saarentaus EC, Karjalainen J, Rämö JT, Kiiskinen T, Havulinna AS, Mehtonen J, Hautakangas H, Ruotsalainen S, Tamlander M, Mars N, Toppila-Salmi S, Pirinen M, Kurki M, Ripatti S, Daly M, Palotie T, Mäkitie A, Palotie A. Inflammatory and infectious upper respiratory diseases associate with 41 genomic loci and type 2 inflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:83. [PMID: 36653354 PMCID: PMC9849224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33626-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and infectious upper respiratory diseases (ICD-10: J30-J39), such as diseases of the sinonasal tract, pharynx and larynx, are growing health problems yet their genomic similarity is not known. We analyze genome-wide association to eight upper respiratory diseases (61,195 cases) among 260,405 FinnGen participants, meta-analyzing diseases in four groups based on an underlying genetic correlation structure. Aiming to understand which genetic loci contribute to susceptibility to upper respiratory diseases in general and its subtypes, we detect 41 independent genome-wide significant loci, distinguishing impact on sinonasal or pharyngeal diseases, or both. Fine-mapping implicated non-synonymous variants in nine genes, including three linked to immune-related diseases. Phenome-wide analysis implicated asthma and atopic dermatitis at sinonasal disease loci, and inflammatory bowel diseases and other immune-mediated disorders at pharyngeal disease loci. Upper respiratory diseases also genetically correlated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune hypothyroidism, and psoriasis. Finally, we associated separate gene pathways in sinonasal and pharyngeal diseases that both contribute to type 2 immunological reaction. We show shared heritability among upper respiratory diseases that extends to several immune-mediated diseases with diverse mechanisms, such as type 2 high inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo C Saarentaus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tuomo Kiiskinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Mehtonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hautakangas
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Tamlander
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sanna Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tuula Palotie
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Kapp KL, Arul AB, Zhang KC, Du L, Yende S, Kellum JA, Angus DC, Peck-Palmer OM, Robinson RAS. Proteomic changes associated with racial background and sepsis survival outcomes. Mol Omics 2022; 18:923-937. [PMID: 36097965 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection is a common cause of sepsis, and intra-abdominal sepsis leads to ∼156 000 U.S. deaths annually. African American/Black adults have higher incidence and mortality rates from sepsis compared to Non-Hispanic White adults. A limited number of studies have traced survival outcomes to molecular changes; however, these studies primarily only included Non-Hispanic White adults. Our goal is to better understand molecular changes that may contribute to differences in sepsis survival in African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White adults with primary intra-abdominal infection. We employed discovery-based plasma proteomics of patient samples from the Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock (ProCESS) cohort (N = 107). We identified 49 proteins involved in the acute phase response and complement system whose expression levels are associated with both survival outcome and racial background. Additionally, 82 proteins differentially-expressed in survivors were specific to African American/Black or Non-Hispanic White patients, suggesting molecular-level heterogeneity in sepsis patients in key inflammatory pathways. A smaller, robust set of 19 proteins were in common in African American/Black and Non-Hispanic White survivors and may represent potential universal molecular changes in sepsis. Overall, this study identifies molecular factors that may contribute to differences in survival outcomes in African American/Black patients that are not fully explained by socioeconomic or other non-biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Kapp
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5423 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 32732, USA.
| | - Albert B Arul
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5423 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kevin C Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sachin Yende
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Derek C Angus
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Octavia M Peck-Palmer
- The Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illnesses (CRISMA) Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 5423 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.,The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 32732, USA.
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13
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Bian N, Chen X, Ren X, Yu Z, Jin M, Chen X, Liu C, Luan Y, Wei L, Chen Y, Song W, Zhao Y, Wang B, Jiang T, Zhang C, Shu Z, Su X, Wang L. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone attenuates the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting alpha-hemolysin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:200. [PMID: 35995893 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacteria, is an incurable cause of hospital and community-acquired infections. Inhibition bacterial virulence is a viable strategy against S. aureus infections based on the multiple virulence factors secreted by S. aureus. Alpha-hemolysin (Hla) plays a crucial role in bacteria virulence without affecting bacterial viability. Here, we identified that 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a natural compound, was able to decrease the expression of and did not affect the in vitro growth of S. aureus USA300 at a concentration of 32 μg/mL. It was verified by western blot and RT-qPCR that the natural compound could inhibit the transcription and translation of Hla. Further mechanism studies revealed that 7,8-DHF has a negative effect on transcriptional regulator agrA and RNAIII, preventing the upregulation of virulence gene. Cytotoxicity assays showed that 7,8-DHF did not produce significant cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Animal experiments showed that the combination of 7,8-DHF and vancomycin had a more significant therapeutic effect on S. aureus infection, reflecting the synergistic effect of 7,8-DHF with antibiotics. In conclusion, 7,8-DHF was able to target Hla to protect host cells from hemolysis while limiting the development of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiangqian Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xinran Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zishu Yu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Mengli Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yanhe Luan
- The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zunhua Shu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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14
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Takayasu M, Hirayama K, Shimohata H, Kobayashi M, Koyama A. Staphylococcus aureus Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis with Dominant IgA Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137482. [PMID: 35806487 PMCID: PMC9267153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1995, when we reported the case of a patient with glomerulonephritis with IgA deposition that occurred after a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, many reports of MRSA infection-associated glomerulonephritis have accumulated. This disease is being systematized as Staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) in light of the apparent cause of infection, and as immunoglobulin A-dominant deposition infection-related glomerulonephritis (IgA-IRGN) in light of its histopathology. This glomerulonephritis usually presents as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or acute kidney injury with various degrees of proteinuria and microscopic hematuria along with an ongoing infection. Its renal pathology has shown several types of mesangial and/or endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with various degrees of crescent formation and tubulointerstitial nephritis. IgA, IgG, and C3 staining in the mesangium and along the glomerular capillary walls have been observed on immunofluorescence examinations. A marked activation of T cells, an increase in specific variable regions of the T-cell receptor β-chain-positive cells, hypercytokinemia, and increased polyclonal immune complexes have also been observed in this glomerulonephritis. In the development of this disease, staphylococcal enterotoxin may be involved as a superantigen, but further investigations are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this disease. Here, we review 336 cases of IgA-IRGN and 218 cases of SAGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Takayasu
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.T.); (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Kouichi Hirayama
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.T.); (H.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-887-1161
| | - Homare Shimohata
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.T.); (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan; (M.T.); (H.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Akio Koyama
- Emeritus Professor, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan;
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15
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Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) System: Genetics and Association with Bacterial and Viral Infections. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9710376. [PMID: 35664353 PMCID: PMC9162874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9710376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is one of the most crucial host factors influencing disease progression in bacterial and viral infections. This review provides the basic concepts of the structure and function of HLA molecules in humans. Here, we highlight the main findings on the associations between HLA class I and class II alleles and susceptibility to important infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, melioidosis, Staphylococcus aureus infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, coronavirus disease 2019, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in populations worldwide. Finally, we discuss challenges in HLA typing to predict disease outcomes in clinical implementation. Evaluation of the impact of HLA variants on the outcome of bacterial and viral infections would improve the understanding of pathogenesis and identify those at risk from infectious diseases in distinct populations and may improve the individual treatment.
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16
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Henning M, Hother CE, Banasik K, Ibler KS, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, Ullum H, Hjalgrim H, Hansen TF, Kaspersen KA, Sørensen BS, Saekmose SG, Jemec GBE, Pedersen OB. Hyperhidrosis and human leucocyte antigens in the Danish Blood Donor Study. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13150. [PMID: 35212011 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Familial clustering of the skin disease primary hyperhidrosis suggests a genetic component to the disease. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is implicated in a range of diseases, including many comorbidities to hyperhidrosis. No study has investigated whether the HLA genes are involved in the pathogenesis of hyperhidrosis. We, therefore, compared HLA alleles in individuals with and without hyperhidrosis in this study of 65,000 blood donors. In this retrospective cohort study, we retrieved information on individuals with and without hyperhidrosis using self-reported questionnaires, the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish National Prescription Registry on participants recruited to the Danish Blood Donor Study between 2010 and 2019. Association tests using logistic regression were conducted for each HLA allele corrected for sex, age, body mass index, smoking and principal components. Overall, 145 of 65,795 (0.2%) participants had hospital diagnosed hyperhidrosis. Similarly, 1,379 of 15,530 (8.9%) participants had moderate-severe self-reported hyperhidrosis, of whom 447 (2.9%) had severe self-reported hyperhidrosis. Altogether 28 participants had both hospital diagnosed and moderate-severe self-reported hyperhidrosis. Severe self-reported hyperhidrosis was associated with HLA-A*80:01 (adjusted odds ratio 26.97; 95% confidence interval 5.32-136.70; n=7; p<0.001). Moderate-severe self-reported hyperhidrosis and hospital diagnosed hyperhidrosis were not associated with any HLA. The association between hyperhidrosis and HLA-A*80:01 was based on a very small number of cases and not replicated in other patient subsets, and therefore likely a chance finding. Thus, this study suggests that genes other than the HLA are involved in the pathogenesis of hyperhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Henning
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Karina Banasik
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina S Ibler
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Betina S Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
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17
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Wong Fok Lung T, Chan LC, Prince A, Yeaman MR, Archer NK, Aman MJ, Proctor RA. Staphylococcus aureus adaptive evolution: Recent insights on how immune evasion, immunometabolic subversion and host genetics impact vaccine development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1060810. [PMID: 36636720 PMCID: PMC9831658 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1060810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite meritorious attempts, a S. aureus vaccine that prevents infection or mitigates severity has not yet achieved efficacy endpoints in prospective, randomized clinical trials. This experience underscores the complexity of host-S. aureus interactions, which appear to be greater than many other bacterial pathogens against which successful vaccines have been developed. It is increasingly evident that S. aureus employs strategic countermeasures to evade or exploit human immune responses. From entering host cells to persist in stealthy intracellular reservoirs, to sensing the environmental milieu and leveraging bacterial or host metabolic products to reprogram host immune responses, S. aureus poses considerable challenges for the development of effective vaccines. The fact that this pathogen causes distinct types of infections and can undergo transient genetic, transcriptional or metabolic adaptations in vivo that do not occur in vitro compounds challenges in vaccine development. Notably, the metabolic versatility of both bacterial and host immune cells as they compete for available substrates within specific tissues inevitably impacts the variable repertoire of gene products that may or may not be vaccine antigens. In this respect, S. aureus has chameleon phenotypes that have alluded vaccine strategies thus far. Nonetheless, a number of recent studies have also revealed important new insights into pathogenesis vulnerabilities of S. aureus. A more detailed understanding of host protective immune defenses versus S. aureus adaptive immune evasion mechanisms may offer breakthroughs in the development of effective vaccines, but at present this goal remains a very high bar. Coupled with the recent advances in human genetics and epigenetics, newer vaccine technologies may enable such a goal. If so, future vaccines that protect against or mitigate the severity of S. aureus infections are likely to emerge at the intersection of precision and personalized medicine. For now, the development of S. aureus vaccines or alternative therapies that reduce mortality and morbidity must continue to be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liana C Chan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Alice Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Loss Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Richard A Proctor
- Department of Medicine and Medical Microbiology/Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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18
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Rogne T, Damås JK, Flatby HM, Åsvold BO, DeWan AT, Solligård E. The Role of FER rs4957796 in the Risk of Developing and Dying from a Bloodstream Infection: A 23-Year Follow-up of the Population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e297-e303. [PMID: 32699877 PMCID: PMC8282309 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infection and sepsis are major causes of health loss worldwide, and it is important to identify patients at risk of developing and dying from these conditions. The single-nucleotide polymorphism most strongly associated with sepsis mortality is FER rs4957796. However, it is not known how this variant is associated with bloodstream infection incidence and mortality. METHODS We used prospective data from 1995-2017 from the population-based HUNT Study. Genotypes were ascertained from blood samples, and additional genotypes were imputed. Information on bloodstream infection and diagnosis codes at hospitalization were collected through record linkage with all hospitals in the area. RESULTS A total of 69 294 patients were included. Patients with the rs4957796 CC genotype had an increased risk of developing a bloodstream infection compared with the TT genotype (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.43). However, there was a protective additive effect of the C allele in terms of mortality in the total study population (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, .64-.92 per copy of the C allele) and among bloodstream infection patients (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, .58-.85 per copy of the C allele). The results did not appear to be affected by selection bias. CONCLUSIONS The rs4957796 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of contracting a bloodstream infection but with a reduced risk of dying from one. The latter finding is in line with studies of sepsis case fatality, while the former expands our understanding of the immunoregulatory role of this polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod Rogne
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damås
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helene Marie Flatby
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew Thomas DeWan
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erik Solligård
- Gemini Center for Sepsis Research, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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19
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Choi SH, Dagher M, Ruffin F, Park LP, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Souli M, Morse AM, Eichenberger EM, Hale L, Kohler C, Warren B, Hansen B, Medie FM, McIntyre LM, Fowler VG. Risk Factors for Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:1891-1899. [PMID: 32564065 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the clinical, bacterial, and host characteristics associated with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (R-SAB), patients with R-SAB were compared to contemporaneous patients with a single episode of SAB (S-SAB). METHODS All SAB isolates underwent spa genotyping. All isolates from R-SAB patients underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE-indistinguishable pairs from 40 patients underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS). Acute phase plasma from R-SAB and S-SAB patients was matched 1:1 for age, race, sex, and bacterial genotype, and underwent cytokine quantification using 25-analyte multiplex bead array. RESULTS R-SAB occurred in 69 (9.1%) of the 756 study patients. Of the 69 patients, 30 experienced relapse (43.5%) and 39 reinfection (56.5%). Age, race, hemodialysis dependence, presence of foreign body, methicillin-resistant Staphyloccus aureus, and persistent bacteremia were individually associated with likelihood of recurrence. Multivariate risk modeling revealed that black hemodialysis patients were nearly 2 times more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 9.652 [95% confidence interval [CI], 5.402-17.418]) than white hemodialysis patients (OR = 4.53 [95% CI, 1.696-10.879]) to experience R-SAB. WGS confirmed PFGE interpretations in all cases. Median RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) levels in acute phase plasma from the initial episode of SAB were higher in R-SAB than in matched S-SAB controls (P = .0053, false discovery rate < 0.10). CONCLUSION This study identified several risk factors for R-SAB. The largest risk for R-SAB is among black hemodialysis patients. Higher RANTES levels in R-SAB compared to matched controls warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Maria Souli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison M Morse
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Emily M Eichenberger
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Celia Kohler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bobby Warren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brenda Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Felix Mba Medie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,University of Florida Genetics Institute University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Taylor HB, Klaeger S, Clauser KR, Sarkizova S, Weingarten-Gabbay S, Graham DB, Carr SA, Abelin JG. MS-Based HLA-II Peptidomics Combined With Multiomics Will Aid the Development of Future Immunotherapies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100116. [PMID: 34146720 PMCID: PMC8327157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have emerged to treat diseases by selectively modulating a patient's immune response. Although the roles of T and B cells in adaptive immunity have been well studied, it remains difficult to select targets for immunotherapeutic strategies. Because human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) peptides activate CD4+ T cells and regulate B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, these peptide antigens represent a class of potential immunotherapy targets and biomarkers. To better understand the molecular basis of how HLA-II antigen presentation is involved in disease progression and treatment, systematic HLA-II peptidomics combined with multiomic analyses of diverse cell types in healthy and diseased states is required. For this reason, MS-based innovations that facilitate investigations into the interplay between disease pathologies and the presentation of HLA-II peptides to CD4+ T cells will aid in the development of patient-focused immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Taylor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shira Weingarten-Gabbay
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of the Risk of Contracting a Bloodstream Infection in 47 Pedigrees Followed for 23 Years Assembled From a Population-Based Cohort (the HUNT Study). Crit Care Med 2021; 48:1580-1586. [PMID: 32885941 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bloodstream infection is an important cause of death worldwide. The main objective of this study was to identify genetic loci linked to risk of contracting a bloodstream infection. DESIGN Genome-wide linkage analysis. SETTING Population-based, Norwegian cohort, followed between 1995 and 2017. SUBJECTS Among 69,423 genotyped subjects, there were 47 families with two or more second-degree relatives with bloodstream infection in the follow-up period. There were 365 subjects in these families, of which 110 were affected. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The cohort was genotyped using Illumina HumanCoreExome (Illumina, San Diego, CA) arrays. Before linkage analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms were pruned and clumped. In nonparametric linkage analysis using an exponential model, we found three loci with a suggestive linkage to bloodstream infection, all on chromosome 4, at 46.6 centimorgan (logarithm of odds, 2.3), 57.7 centimorgan (logarithm of odds, 3.2), and 70.0 centimorgan (logarithm of odds, 2.1). At the peak of the lead region are three genes: TLR10, TLR1, and TLR6. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the TLR10/1/6 locus appear to be linked with the risk of contracting a bloodstream infection.
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22
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Bourgeois JS, Smith CM, Ko DC. These Are the Genes You're Looking For: Finding Host Resistance Genes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:346-362. [PMID: 33004258 PMCID: PMC7969353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Humanity's ongoing struggle with new, re-emerging and endemic infectious diseases serves as a frequent reminder of the need to understand host-pathogen interactions. Recent advances in genomics have dramatically advanced our understanding of how genetics contributes to host resistance or susceptibility to bacterial infection. Here we discuss current trends in defining host-bacterial interactions at the genome-wide level, including screens that harness CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, natural genetic variation, proteomics, and transcriptomics. We report on the merits, limitations, and findings of these innovative screens and discuss their complementary nature. Finally, we speculate on future innovation as we continue to progress through the postgenomic era and towards deeper mechanistic insight and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Bourgeois
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clare M Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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23
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Teymournejad O, Montgomery CP. Evasion of Immunological Memory by S. aureus Infection: Implications for Vaccine Design. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633672. [PMID: 33692805 PMCID: PMC7937817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent S. aureus infections are common, suggesting that natural immune responses are not protective. All candidate vaccines tested thus far have failed to protect against S. aureus infections, highlighting an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms by which the bacterium interacts with the host immune system to evade or prevent protective immunity. Although there is evidence in murine models that both cellular and humoral immune responses are important for protection against S. aureus, human studies suggest that T cells are critical in determining susceptibility to infection. This review will use an “anatomic” approach to systematically outline the steps necessary in generating a T cell-mediated immune response against S. aureus. Through the processes of bacterial uptake by antigen presenting cells, processing and presentation of antigens to T cells, and differentiation and proliferation of memory and effector T cell subsets, the ability of S. aureus to evade or inhibit each step of the T-cell mediated response will be reviewed. We hypothesize that these interactions result in the redirection of immune responses away from protective antigens, thereby precluding the establishment of “natural” memory and potentially inhibiting the efficacy of vaccination. It is anticipated that this approach will reveal important implications for future design of vaccines to prevent these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Teymournejad
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher P Montgomery
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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24
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Miller LS, Fowler VG, Shukla SK, Rose WE, Proctor RA. Development of a vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus invasive infections: Evidence based on human immunity, genetics and bacterial evasion mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:123-153. [PMID: 31841134 PMCID: PMC7053580 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital and community settings, especially with the widespread emergence of virulent and multi-drug resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. There is an urgent and unmet clinical need for non-antibiotic immune-based approaches to treat these infections as the increasing antibiotic resistance is creating a serious threat to public health. However, all vaccination attempts aimed at preventing S. aureus invasive infections have failed in human trials, especially all vaccines aimed at generating high titers of opsonic antibodies against S. aureus surface antigens to facilitate antibody-mediated bacterial clearance. In this review, we summarize the data from humans regarding the immune responses that protect against invasive S. aureus infections as well as host genetic factors and bacterial evasion mechanisms, which are important to consider for the future development of effective and successful vaccines and immunotherapies against invasive S. aureus infections in humans. The evidence presented form the basis for a hypothesis that staphylococcal toxins (including superantigens and pore-forming toxins) are important virulence factors, and targeting the neutralization of these toxins are more likely to provide a therapeutic benefit in contrast to prior vaccine attempts to generate antibodies to facilitate opsonophagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Miller
- Immunology, Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Cancer Research Building 2, Suite 209, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, 315 Trent Drive, Hanes House, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sanjay K Shukla
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA.,Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 425 Henry Mall, Room 3445, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Warren E Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Pharmacy Practice Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, 4123 Rennebohm Hall, Madison, WI, 53705 USA
| | - Richard A Proctor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1550 Linden Drive, Microbial Sciences Building, Room 1334, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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25
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Genetic variation of DNA methyltransferase-3A contributes to protection against persistent MRSA bacteremia in patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20087-20096. [PMID: 31527248 PMCID: PMC6778225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909849116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity and duration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia varies widely between individuals. Host factors predisposing to persistent MRSA bacteremia are poorly understood, although genetic association studies are beginning to identify potentially influential variants. We found an association between the A/C heterozygous genotype in the DNMT3A correlating with shorter time to resolution of MRSA bacteremia. Using in vitro macrophage assays and murine sepsis models, we demonstrated that DNMT3A variants may alter host response to infection through increased methylation of key regulatory genes, resulting in reduced interleukin-10 production and in turn, allowing for a more protective immune response that clears infection. An improved understanding of the factors predisposing to persistent MRSA bacteremia may help to discover better treatment options. The role of the host in development of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is not well understood. A cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with persistent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia (PB) and resolving methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia (RB) matched by sex, age, race, hemodialysis status, diabetes mellitus, and presence of implantable medical device was studied to gain insights into this question. One heterozygous g.25498283A > C polymorphism located in the DNMT3A intronic region of chromosome 2p with no impact in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was more common in RB (21 of 34, 61.8%) than PB (3 of 34, 8.8%) patients (P = 7.8 × 10−6). Patients with MRSA bacteremia and g.25498283A > C genotype exhibited significantly higher levels of methylation in gene-regulatory CpG island regions (Δmethylation = 4.1%, P < 0.0001) and significantly lower serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) than patients with MRSA bacteremia without DNMT3A mutation (A/C: 9.7038 pg/mL vs. A/A: 52.9898 pg/mL; P = 0.0042). Expression of DNMT3A was significantly suppressed in patients with S. aureus bacteremia and in S. aureus-challenged primary human macrophages. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of DNMT3A expression in human macrophages caused increased IL-10 response upon S. aureus stimulation. Treating macrophages with methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in increased levels of IL-10 when challenged with S. aureus. In the murine sepsis model, methylation inhibition increased susceptibility to S. aureus. These findings indicate that g.25498283A > C genotype within DNMT3A contributes to increased capacity to resolve MRSA bacteremia, potentially through a mechanism involving increased methylation of gene-regulatory regions and reduced levels of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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26
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Elevated risk of invasive group A streptococcal disease and host genetic variation in the human leucocyte antigen locus. Genes Immun 2019; 21:63-70. [PMID: 31462703 PMCID: PMC7039814 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease is uncommon but carries a high case-fatality rate relative to other infectious diseases. Given the ubiquity of mild GAS infections, it remains unclear why healthy individuals will occasionally develop life-threatening infections, raising the possibility of host genetic predisposition. Here, we present the results of a case–control study including 43 invasive GAS cases and 1540 controls. Using HLA imputation and linear mixed models, we find each copy of the HLA-DQA1*01:03 allele associates with a twofold increased risk of disease (odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.3–4.4, P = 0.009), an association which persists with classical HLA typing of a subset of cases and analysis with an alternative large control dataset with validated HLA data. Moreover, we propose the association is driven by the allele itself rather than the background haplotype. Overall this finding provides impetus for further investigation of the immunogenetic basis of this devastating bacterial disease.
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27
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Casimiro-Soriguer CS, Loucera C, Perez Florido J, López-López D, Dopazo J. Antibiotic resistance and metabolic profiles as functional biomarkers that accurately predict the geographic origin of city metagenomics samples. Biol Direct 2019; 14:15. [PMID: 31429791 PMCID: PMC6701120 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-019-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of hundreds of city microbiome profiles allows the development of increasingly accurate predictors of the origin of a sample based on its microbiota composition. Typical microbiome studies involve the analysis of bacterial abundance profiles. RESULTS Here we use a transformation of the conventional bacterial strain or gene abundance profiles to functional profiles that account for bacterial metabolism and other cell functionalities. These profiles are used as features for city classification in a machine learning algorithm that allows the extraction of the most relevant features for the classification. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that the use of functional profiles not only predict accurately the most likely origin of a sample but also to provide an interesting functional point of view of the biogeography of the microbiota. Interestingly, we show how cities can be classified based on the observed profile of antibiotic resistances. REVIEWERS Open peer review: Reviewed by Jin Zhuang Dou, Jing Zhou, Torsten Semmler and Eran Elhaik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S. Casimiro-Soriguer
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, c/Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, c/Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Perez Florido
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, c/Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, c/Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, c/Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Functional Genomics Node (INB), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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28
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Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes of infection-associated glomerulonephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 16:32-50. [PMID: 31399725 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For over a century, acute 'post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis' (APSGN) was the prototypical form of bacterial infection-associated glomerulonephritis, typically occurring after resolution of infection and a distinct infection-free latent period. Other less common forms of infection-associated glomerulonephritides resulted from persistent bacteraemia in association with subacute bacterial endocarditis and shunt nephritis. However, a major paradigm shift in the epidemiology and bacteriology of infection-associated glomerulonephritides has occurred over the past few decades. The incidence of APSGN has sharply declined in the Western world, whereas the number of Staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) cases increased owing to a surge in drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, both in the hospital and community settings. These Staphylococcus infections range from superficial skin infections to deep-seated invasive infections such as endocarditis, which is on the rise among young adults owing to the ongoing intravenous drug use epidemic. SAGN is markedly different from APSGN in terms of its demographic profile, temporal association with active infection and disease outcomes. The diagnosis and management of SAGN is challenging because of the lack of unique histological features, the frequently occult nature of the underlying infection and the older age and co-morbidities in the affected patients. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains further complicates patient treatment.
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29
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Oestergaard LB, Schmiegelow MDS, Bruun NE, Skov R, Andersen PS, Larsen AR, Gerds TA, Dahl A, Petersen A, Lauridsen TK, Nygaard U, Torp-Pedersen C. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children Aged 5-18 Years-Risk Factors in the New Millennium. J Pediatr 2018; 203:108-115.e3. [PMID: 30244992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between comorbidities and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children aged 5-18 years, thus, in children with a matured immune system. Further, we aimed to identify presumably healthy children acquiring bacteremia. STUDY DESIGN By cross-linking nationwide registries, we consecutively included all children born from 1995 onward at their 5-year birthday or date of immigration during 2000-2015. We examined incidence rate ratios (IRR) between preselected exposures and microbiologically verified S aureus bacteremia (reference = children without exposure) using Poisson regression models. RESULTS We followed 1 109 169 children in 2000-2015 during which 307 children (incidence rate: 3.7 per 100 000 person-years) acquired S aureus bacteremia (methicillin-resistant S aureus = 8; 2.6%). Children without known comorbidities or recent contact with the healthcare system comprised 37.1% of infected children. The highest IRRs were observed in children undergoing dialysis or plasmapheresis (IRR = 367.2 [95% CI) = 188.5-715.3]), children with organ transplantation (IRR = 149.5 [95% CI = 73.9-302.2]), and children with cancer (IRR = 102.9 [95% CI = 74.4-142.2]). Positive associations also were observed in children with chromosomal anomalies (IRR = 7.16 [95% CI = 2.96-17.34]), atopic dermatitis (IRR = 4.89 [95% CI = 3.11-7.69]), congenital heart disease (IRR = 3.14 [95% CI = 1.92-5.11]), and in children undergoing surgery (IRR = 3.34 [95% CI = 2.59-4.28]). Neither premature birth nor parental socioeconomic status was associated with increased disease rates. CONCLUSIONS S aureus bacteremia is uncommon in children between 5 and 18 years of age. Risk factors known from the adult population, such as dialysis, plasmapheresis, organ transplantation, and cancer, were associated with the highest relative rates. However, prematurity and parental socioeconomic status were not associated with increased rates. Approximately one-third of infected children were presumably healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bruun Oestergaard
- The Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; The Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Niels E Bruun
- Clinical Institute, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Robert Skov
- The Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paal S Andersen
- The Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders R Larsen
- The Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerds
- The Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Dahl
- The Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Petersen
- The Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine K Lauridsen
- The Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrikka Nygaard
- The Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- The Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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30
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Scott WK, Medie FM, Ruffin F, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Cyr DD, Guo S, Dykxhoorn DM, Skov RL, Bruun NE, Dahl A, Lerche CJ, Petersen A, Larsen AR, Lauridsen TK, Johansen HK, Ullum H, Sørensen E, Hassager C, Bundgaard H, Schønheyder HC, Torp-Pedersen C, Østergaard LB, Arpi M, Rosenvinge F, Erikstrup LT, Chehri M, Søgaard P, Andersen PS, Fowler VG. Human genetic variation in GLS2 is associated with development of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007667. [PMID: 30289878 PMCID: PMC6192642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of host genetic variation in the development of complicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is poorly understood. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to examine the cumulative effect of coding variants in each gene on risk of complicated SAB in a discovery sample of 168 SAB cases (84 complicated and 84 uncomplicated, frequency matched by age, sex, and bacterial clonal complex [CC]), and then evaluated the most significantly associated genes in a replication sample of 240 SAB cases (122 complicated and 118 uncomplicated, frequency matched for age, sex, and CC) using targeted sequence capture. In the discovery sample, gene-based analysis using the SKAT-O program identified 334 genes associated with complicated SAB at p<3.5 x 10−3. These, along with eight biologically relevant candidate genes were examined in the replication sample. Gene-based analysis of the 342 genes in the replication sample using SKAT-O identified one gene, GLS2, significantly associated with complicated SAB (p = 1.2 x 10−4) after Bonferroni correction. In Firth-bias corrected logistic regression analysis of individual variants, the strongest association across all 10,931 variants in the replication sample was with rs2657878 in GLS2 (p = 5 x 10−4). This variant is strongly correlated with a missense variant (rs2657879, p = 4.4 x 10−3) in which the minor allele (associated here with complicated SAB) has been previously associated with lower plasma concentration of glutamine. In a microarray-based gene-expression analysis, individuals with SAB exhibited significantly lower expression levels of GLS2 than healthy controls. Similarly, Gls2 expression is lower in response to S. aureus exposure in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compared to wild-type cells, RAW 264.7 cells with Gls2 silenced by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing have decreased IL1-β transcription and increased nitric oxide production after S. aureus exposure. GLS2 is an interesting candidate gene for complicated SAB due to its role in regulating glutamine metabolism, a key factor in leukocyte activation. Complications from bloodstream infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are important causes of hospitalization, significant illness, and death. The causes of these complications are not well understood, but likely involve genetic factors rendering people more susceptible to such infections, differences in the bacteria that cause the infection, and the interactions between them. We examined the parts of the human genome that code for proteins to find variations that were more common in people with complicated S. aureus bacteremia (SAB), and identified one gene, called GLS2, in which variation is more common in complicated SAB cases than uncomplicated cases. Expression of GLS2 is lower in people with SAB than controls and in mouse white blood cells exposed to S. aureus. GLS2 encodes a protein that regulates the metabolism of glutamine, a regulatory process that activates white blood cells. These cells are very important in the immune response to S. aureus infection, and therefore genetic variants that might influence their growth are important potential genetic risk factors for complicated SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WKS); (PSA); (VGF)
| | - Felix Mba Medie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Derek D. Cyr
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Shengru Guo
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Derek M. Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Skov
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E. Bruun
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Dahl
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Christian J. Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Petersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Rhod Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik C. Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Louise Bruun Østergaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Magnus Arpi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Flemming Rosenvinge
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lise T. Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mahtab Chehri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Peter Søgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paal S. Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (WKS); (PSA); (VGF)
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WKS); (PSA); (VGF)
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31
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Greenberg JA, Hrusch CL, Jaffery MR, David MZ, Daum RS, Hall JB, Kress JP, Sperling AI, Verhoef PA. Distinct T-helper cell responses to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia reflect immunologic comorbidities and correlate with mortality. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:107. [PMID: 29695270 PMCID: PMC5916828 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulated host immune response that defines sepsis varies as a function of both the immune status of the host and the distinct nature of the pathogen. The degree to which immunocompromising comorbidities or immunosuppressive medications affect the immune response to infection is poorly understood because these patients are often excluded from studies about septic immunity. The objectives of this study were to determine the immune response to a single pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) among a diverse case mix of patients and to determine whether comorbidities affect immune and clinical outcomes. METHODS Blood samples were drawn from 95 adult inpatients at multiple time points after the first positive S. aureus blood culture. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine the associations between admission neutrophil counts, admission lymphocyte counts, cytokine levels, and 90-day mortality. A nested case-control flow cytometric analysis was conducted to determine T-helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets among a subgroup of 28 patients. In a secondary analysis, we categorized patients as either having immunocompromising disorders (human immunodeficiency virus and hematologic malignancies), receiving immunosuppressive medications, or being not immunocompromised. RESULTS Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratios and higher Th17 cytokine responses relative to Th1 cytokine responses early after infection were independently associated with mortality and did not depend on the immune state of the patient (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.17-3.17, p = 0.01; and HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27, p = 0.03, respectively). On the basis of flow cytometric analysis of CD4 T-helper subsets, an increasing Th17/Treg response over the course of the infection was most strongly associated with increased mortality (HR 4.41, 95% CI 1.69-11.5, p < 0.01). This type of immune response was most common among patients who were not immunocompromised. In contrast, among immunocompromised patients who died, a decreasing Th1/Treg response was most common. CONCLUSIONS The association of both increased Th17 responses and increased neutrophil counts relative to lymphocyte counts with mortality suggests that an overwhelming inflammatory response is detrimental. However, the differential responses of patients according to immune state suggest that immune status is an important clinical indicator that should be accounted for in the management of septic patients, as well as in the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Greenberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 054, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Cara L Hrusch
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad R Jaffery
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Z David
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Daum
- Section of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jesse B Hall
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John P Kress
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip A Verhoef
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Moreau K, Clemenceau A, Le Moing V, Messika-Zeitoun D, Andersen PS, Bruun NE, Skov RL, Couzon F, Bouchiat C, Erpelding ML, van Belkum A, Bossé Y, Duval X, Vandenesch F. Human Genetic Susceptibility to Native Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis in Patients With S. aureus Bacteremia: Genome-Wide Association Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:640. [PMID: 29670602 PMCID: PMC5893849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (SaIE) is a severe complication of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) occurring in up to 22% of patients. Bacterial genetic factors and host conditions for SaIE have been intensely studied before; however, to date no study has focused on predisposing host genetic factors to SaIE. The present study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with SaIE by a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of 67 patients with definite native valve SaIE (cases) and 72 matched native valve patients with SAB but without IE (controls). All patients were enrolled in the VIRSTA cohort (Le Moing et al., 2015) study. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on chromosome 3 were associated with SaIE (P < 1 × 10-5) without reaching conventional genome-wide significance. For all, the frequency of the minor allele was lower in cases than in controls, suggesting a protective effect of the minor allele against SaIE. The same association was observed using an independent Danish verification cohort of SAB with (n = 57) and without (n = 123) IE. Ex vivo analysis of aortic valve tissues revealed that SaIE associated SNPs mentioned above were associated with significantly higher mRNA expression levels of SLC7A14, a predicted cationic amino acid transporter protein. Taken together, our results suggest an IE-protective effect of SNPs on chromosome 3 during the course of SAB. The effects of protective minor alleles may be mediated by increasing expression levels of SLC7A14 in valve tissues. We conclude that occurrence of SaIE may be the combination of a well-adapted bacterial genotype to a susceptible host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Moreau
- International Center for Infectiology Research, CNRS UMR5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Alisson Clemenceau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Le Moing
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM U698 and University Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | - Niels E Bruun
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Institute, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Florence Couzon
- International Center for Infectiology Research, CNRS UMR5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Bouchiat
- International Center for Infectiology Research, CNRS UMR5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie L Erpelding
- INSERM, CIC-1433 Clinical Epidemiology, CHRU Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Data Analytics Unit, bioMerieux, La Balme-les-Grottes, France
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Duval
- INSERM, UMR1138 IAME, CIC 1425, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Francois Vandenesch
- International Center for Infectiology Research, CNRS UMR5308, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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33
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Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:286-307. [PMID: 28951201 PMCID: PMC7106304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes > 2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens. Relatively few GWASs for infectious diseases were performed. Phenotype heterogeneity and case/control misclassification can affect GWAS power. Adaptive and innate immunity loci were identified in several infectious disease GWASs. Unexpected loci (e.g., lncRNAs) were also associated with infection susceptibility. GWASs should integrate host and pathogen diversity and use complex association models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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34
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Yan Q, Ahn SH, Medie FM, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Park LP, Scott WK, Deshmukh H, Tsalik EL, Cyr DD, Woods CW, Yu CHA, Adams C, Qi R, Hansen B, Fowler VG. Candidate genes on murine chromosome 8 are associated with susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice and are involved with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179033. [PMID: 28594911 PMCID: PMC5464679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that chromosome 8 of A/J mice was associated with susceptibility to S. aureus infection. However, the specific genes responsible for this susceptibility are unknown. Chromosome substitution strain 8 (CSS8) mice, which have chromosome 8 from A/J but an otherwise C57BL/6J genome, were used to identify the genetic determinants of susceptibility to S. aureus on chromosome 8. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of S. aureus-infected N2 backcross mice (F1 [C8A] × C57BL/6J) identified a locus 83180780–88103009 (GRCm38/mm10) on A/J chromosome 8 that was linked to S. aureus susceptibility. All genes on the QTL (n~ 102) were further analyzed by three different strategies: 1) different expression in susceptible (A/J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) mice only in response to S. aureus, 2) consistently different expression in both uninfected and infected states between the two strains, and 3) damaging non-synonymous SNPs in either strain. Eleven candidate genes from the QTL region were significantly differently expressed in patients with S. aureus infection vs healthy human subjects. Four of these 11 genes also exhibited significantly different expression in S. aureus-challenged human neutrophils: Ier2, Crif1, Cd97 and Lyl1. CD97 ligand binding was evaluated within peritoneal neutrophils from A/J and C57BL/6J. CD97 from A/J had stronger CD55 but weaker integrin α5β1 ligand binding as compared with C57BL/6J. Because CD55/CD97 binding regulates immune cell activation and cytokine production, and integrin α5β1 is a membrane receptor for fibronectin, which is also bound by S. aureus, strain-specific differences could contribute to susceptibility to S. aureus. Down-regulation of Crif1 with siRNA was associated with increased host cell apoptosis among both naïve and S. aureus-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages. Specific genes in A/J chromosome 8, including Cd97 and Crif1, may play important roles in host defense against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yan
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Bukgu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Felix Mba Medie
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence P. Park
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William K. Scott
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ephraim L. Tsalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Emergency Medicine Service, Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Derek D. Cyr
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher W. Woods
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Section on Infectious Diseases, Durham Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chen-Hsin Albert Yu
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carlton Adams
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brenda Hansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Sampedro GR, Bubeck Wardenburg J. Staphylococcus aureus in the Intensive Care Unit: Are These Golden Grapes Ripe for a New Approach? J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S64-S70. [PMID: 28003353 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of infection in the setting of critical illness and injury. This pathogen causes life-threatening infection in otherwise healthy individuals and also complicates the clinical course of patients requiring intensive care as a result of their primary medical or surgical disease processes. S. aureus infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) most commonly manifests as sepsis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and infection of surgical sites and indwelling medical devices. With the epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, many cases of staphylococcal infection in the ICU are now classified as drug resistant, prompting hospital-based screening for methicillin-resistant S. aureus and implementation of both isolation practices and decolonization strategies in ICU patients. The genetic adaptability of S. aureus, heterogeneity of disease presentation, clinical course, and outcome between individual S. aureus-infected ICU patients remains enigmatic, suggesting a need to define disease classification subtypes that inform disease progression and therapy. We propose that S. aureus infection in the ICU now presents a unique opportunity for individualized risk stratification coupled with the investigation of novel approaches to mitigate disease. Given our increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of S. aureus disease, we suggest that the application of molecular pathological epidemiology to S. aureus infection can usher in a new era of highly focused personalized therapy that may be particularly beneficial in the setting of critical illness and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia R Sampedro
- Departments of 1 Microbiology and.,Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Illinois
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36
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Uren C, Henn BM, Franke A, Wittig M, van Helden PD, Hoal EG, Möller M. A post-GWAS analysis of predicted regulatory variants and tuberculosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174738. [PMID: 28384278 PMCID: PMC5383035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing data from published tuberculosis (TB) genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we use a bioinformatics pipeline to detect all polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with variants previously implicated in TB disease susceptibility. The probability that these variants had a predicted regulatory function was estimated using RegulomeDB and Ensembl's Variant Effect Predictor. Subsequent genotyping of these 133 predicted regulatory polymorphisms was performed in 400 admixed South African TB cases and 366 healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study to fine-map the causal variant. We detected associations between tuberculosis susceptibility and six intronic polymorphisms located in MARCO, IFNGR2, ASHAS2, ACACA, NISCH and TLR10. Our post-GWAS approach demonstrates the feasibility of combining multiple TB GWAS datasets with linkage information to identify regulatory variants associated with this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Uren
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brenna M. Henn
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- SA MRC Centre for TB Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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37
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Cyr DD, Allen AS, Du GJ, Ruffin F, Adams C, Thaden JT, Maskarinec SA, Souli M, Guo S, Dykxhoorn DM, Scott WK, Fowler VG. Evaluating genetic susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in African Americans using admixture mapping. Genes Immun 2017; 18:95-99. [PMID: 28332560 PMCID: PMC5435963 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is significantly higher in African American (AA) than in European-descended populations. We used admixture mapping (AM) to test the hypothesis that genomic variations with different frequencies in European and African ancestral genomes influence susceptibility to SAB in AAs. A total of 565 adult AAs (390 cases with SAB; 175 age-matched controls) were genotyped for AM analysis. A case-only admixture score and a mixed χ2(1df) score (MIX) to jointly evaluate both single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and admixture association (P<5.00e-08) were computed using MIXSCORE. In addition, a permutation scheme was implemented to derive multiplicity adjusted P-values (genome-wide 0.05 significance threshold: P<9.46e-05). After empirical multiplicity adjustment, one region on chromosome 6 (52 SNPs, P=4.56e-05) in the HLA class II region was found to exhibit a genome-wide statistically significant increase in European ancestry. This region encodes genes involved in HLA-mediated immune response and these results provide additional evidence for genetic variation influencing HLA-mediated immunity, modulating susceptibility to SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Cyr
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A S Allen
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - G-J Du
- Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - F Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C Adams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J T Thaden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S A Maskarinec
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Souli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - S Guo
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D M Dykxhoorn
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W K Scott
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - V G Fowler
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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38
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Krogman A, Tilahun A, David CS, Chowdhary VR, Alexander MP, Rajagopalan G. HLA-DR polymorphisms influence in vivo responses to staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in a transgenic mouse model. HLA 2016; 89:20-28. [PMID: 27863161 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) is a potent superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to menstrual and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndromes, TSST-1 is also implicated in the immunopathogenesis of pneumonia, infective endocarditis, neonatal exanthematous disease, and atopic dermatitis among others. Superantigens first bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and then activate a large proportion of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor. As binding to MHC class II molecules is a critical step in the robust activation of the immune system by TSST-1 and other superantigens, polymorphic variations between different HLA-DR alleles could potentially influence the magnitude of immune activation and immunopathology caused by TSST-1. As TSST-1 is highly toxic to humans and given that multiple variations of alleles of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ are expressed in each individual, it is difficult to determine how HLA-DR polymorphisms quantitatively and qualitatively impact immune activation caused by TSST-1 in humans. However, such investigations can be conducted on transgenic mice lacking all endogenous MHC class II molecules and expressing specific HLA class II alleles. Therefore, transgenic mice expressing different HLA-DRB1 alleles (HLA-DRB1*15:01, HLA-DRB1*15:02, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01), and sharing HLA-A1*01:01 chain, were systemically challenged with purified TSST-1 and multiple immune parameters were assessed. Among the HLA-DR alleles, mice expressing HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele elicited a significantly higher serum cytokine/chemokine response; greater splenic T cell expansion and most severe organ pathology. Our study highlights the potential utility of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice in understanding the impact of HLA polymorphisms on the outcomes of diseases caused by TSST-1 and other superantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krogman
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Tilahun
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C S David
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V R Chowdhary
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M P Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Rajagopalan
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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39
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Messina JA, Thaden JT, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Fowler VG. Impact of Bacterial and Human Genetic Variation on Staphylococcus aureus Infections. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005330. [PMID: 26766507 PMCID: PMC4713168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Messina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Thaden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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