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Mehta G, Riva A, Ballester MP, Uson E, Pujadas M, Carvalho-Gomes Â, Sahuco I, Bono A, D’Amico F, Viganò R, Diago E, Lanseros BT, Inglese E, Vazquez DM, Sharma R, Tsou HLP, Harris N, Broekhoven A, Kikkert M, Morales SPT, Myeni SK, Riveiro-Barciela M, Palom A, Zeni N, Brocca A, Cussigh A, Cmet S, Escudero-García D, Stocco M, Natola LA, Ieluzzi D, Paon V, Sangiovanni A, Farina E, di Benedetto C, Sánchez-Torrijos Y, Lucena-Varela A, Román E, Sánchez E, Sánchez-Aldehuelo R, López-Cardona J, Canas-Perez I, Eastgate C, Jeyanesan D, Morocho AE, Di Cola S, Lapenna L, Zaccherini G, Bongiovanni D, Zanaga P, Sayaf K, Hossain S, Crespo J, Robles-Díaz M, Madejón A, Degroote H, Fernández J, Korenjak M, Verhelst X, García-Samaniego J, Andrade RJ, Iruzubieta P, Wright G, Caraceni P, Merli M, Patel VC, Gander A, Albillos A, Soriano G, Donato MF, Sacerdoti D, Toniutto P, Buti M, Duvoux C, Grossi PA, Berg T, Polak WG, Puoti M, Bosch-Comas A, Belli L, Burra P, Russo FP, Coenraad M, Calleja JL, Perricone G, Berenguer M, Claria J, Moreau R, Arroyo V, Angeli P, Sánchez C, Ampuero J, Piano S, Chokshi S, Jalan R. Serological response and breakthrough infection after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and post-liver transplant. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0273. [PMID: 37870985 PMCID: PMC10586829 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy and lack of access remain major issues in disseminating COVID-19 vaccination to liver patients globally. Factors predicting poor response to vaccination and risk of breakthrough infection are important data to target booster vaccine programs. The primary aim of the current study was to measure humoral responses to 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Secondary aims included the determination of factors predicting breakthrough infection. METHODS COVID-19 vaccination and Biomarkers in cirrhosis And post-Liver Transplantation is a prospective, multicenter, observational case-control study. Participants were recruited at 4-10 weeks following first and second vaccine doses in cirrhosis [n = 325; 94% messenger RNA (mRNA) and 6% viral vaccine], autoimmune liver disease (AILD) (n = 120; 77% mRNA and 23% viral vaccine), post-liver transplant (LT) (n = 146; 96% mRNA and 3% viral vaccine), and healthy controls (n = 51; 72% mRNA, 24% viral and 4% heterologous combination). Serological end points were measured, and data regarding breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected. RESULTS After adjusting by age, sex, and time of sample collection, anti-Spike IgG levels were the lowest in post-LT patients compared to cirrhosis (p < 0.0001), AILD (p < 0.0001), and control (p = 0.002). Factors predicting reduced responses included older age, Child-Turcotte-Pugh B/C, and elevated IL-6 in cirrhosis; non-mRNA vaccine in AILD; and coronary artery disease, use of mycophenolate and dysregulated B-call activating factor, and lymphotoxin-α levels in LT. Incident infection occurred in 6.6%, 10.6%, 7.4%, and 15.6% of cirrhosis, AILD, post-LT, and control, respectively. The only independent factor predicting infection in cirrhosis was low albumin level. CONCLUSIONS LT patients present the lowest response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. In cirrhosis, the reduced response is associated with older age, stage of liver disease and systemic inflammation, and breakthrough infection with low albumin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Mehta
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Heath, University College London, London, UK
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Pilar Ballester
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Uson
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pujadas
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ângela Carvalho-Gomes
- Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology & Liver Transplant Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Ciberehd, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Sahuco
- Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology & Liver Transplant Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Ciberehd, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Bono
- Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology & Liver Transplant Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Ciberehd, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico D’Amico
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Infectious Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaela Viganò
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Diago
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
- Central Unit of Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tormo Lanseros
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Inglese
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Milan, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Rajni Sharma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Hio Lam Phoebe Tsou
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Nicola Harris
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
| | - Annelotte Broekhoven
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Shessy P. Torres Morales
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Adriana Palom
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Zeni
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Brocca
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cussigh
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Cmet
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Stocco
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Veronica Paon
- Azienda Ospedaiera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona Italy
| | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Farina
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara di Benedetto
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Yolanda Sánchez-Torrijos
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Lucena-Varela
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eva Román
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- EUI-Sant Pau School of Nursing, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sánchez
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Sánchez-Aldehuelo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia López-Cardona
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Dhaarica Jeyanesan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Simone Di Cola
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Lapenna
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccherini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Deborah Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Zanaga
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università’ di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università’ di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabir Hossain
- Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, UK
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Clinical and Traslational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robles-Díaz
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Madejón
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Degroote
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Belgium
- European Reference Network (ERN)RARE-LIVER
| | - Javier Fernández
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Belgium
- European Reference Network (ERN)RARE-LIVER
| | - Javier García-Samaniego
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
- Clinical and Traslational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Gavin Wright
- Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, UK
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Merli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Vishal C Patel
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amir Gander
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Soriano
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Francesca Donato
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - David Sacerdoti
- Azienda Ospedaiera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona Italy
| | - Pierluigi Toniutto
- Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Duvoux
- Department of Hepatogy-Liver Transplant Unit, Henri Mondor Hospital-APHP, Paris Est University, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Antonio Grossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, ASST Sette Laghim, Varese, Italy
| | - Thomas Berg
- European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL)
| | - Wojciech G. Polak
- Department of Surgery, Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Massimo Puoti
- University of Milano Bicocca, Infectious Diseases Niguarda Great Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Bosch-Comas
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Belli
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università’ di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Units, Azienda Ospedale Università’ di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Minneke Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis Calleja
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Perricone
- ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Berenguer
- Hepatology, HBP Surgery and Transplantation, Hepatology & Liver Transplant Unit, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
- Ciberehd, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Claria
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERehd) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Moreau
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
- INSERM and Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche sur l’inflammation (CRI), Paris, France
- APHP, Service d’hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Angeli
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Sánchez
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF CLIF), EASL-CLIF Consortium and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvatore Piano
- Department of Medicine - DIMED, Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Heath, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Song Y, You Q, Chen X. Transition Metal-Based Therapies for Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212102. [PMID: 36863722 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory disease (ID) is a general term that covers all diseases in which chronic inflammation performs as the major manifestation of pathogenesis. Traditional therapies based on the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs are palliative with the short-term remission. The emergence of nanodrugs has been reported to solve the potential causes and prevent recurrences, thus holding great potential for the treatment of IDs. Among various nanomaterial systems, transition metal-based smart nanosystems (TMSNs) with unique electronic structures possess therapeutic advantages owing to their large surface area to volume ratio, high photothermal conversion efficiency, X-ray absorption capacity, and multiple catalytic enzyme activities. In this review, the rationale, design principle, and therapeutic mechanisms of TMSNs for treatments of various IDs are summarized. Specifically, TMSNs can not only be designed to scavenge danger signals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cell-free DNA, but also can be engineered to block the mechanism of initiating inflammatory responses. In addition, TMSNs can be further applied as nanocarriers to deliver anti-inflammatory drugs. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of TMSNs are discussed, and the future directions of TMSN-based ID treatment for clinical applications are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Qing You
- Departments of Diagnostic, Radiology Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic, Radiology Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program NUS center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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Hung HC, Tsai SF, Chou HW, Tsai MJ, Hsu PL, Kuo YM. Dietary fatty acids differentially affect secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human THP-1 monocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5511. [PMID: 37016048 PMCID: PMC10073224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a major population of circulating immune cells that play a crucial role in producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. The actions of monocytes are known to be influenced by the combinations and concentrations of certain fatty acids (FAs) in blood and dietary fats. However, systemic comparisons of the effects of FAs on cytokine secretion by monocytes have not be performed. In this study, we compared how six saturated FAs (SFAs), two monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and seven polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) modulate human THP-1 monocyte secretion of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide. SFAs generally stimulated resting THP-1 cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, with stearic acid being the most potent species. In contrast, MUFAs and PUFAs inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the inhibitory potentials of MUFAs and PUFAs followed U-shaped (TNF and IL-1β) or inverted U-shaped (IL-6) dose-response curves. Among the MUFAs and PUFAs that were analyzed, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) exhibited the largest number of double bonds and was found to be the most potent anti-inflammatory compound. Together, our findings reveal that the chemical compositions and concentrations of dietary FAs are key factors in the intricate regulation of monocyte-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Wen Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, An-Nan-Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709204, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Zinatizadeh MR, Zarandi PK, Ghiasi M, Kooshki H, Mohammadi M, Amani J, Rezaei N. Immunosenescence and inflamm-ageing in COVID-19. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101818. [PMID: 36516928 PMCID: PMC9741765 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The destructive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the elderly and people with cardiovascular disease have been proven. New findings shed light on the role of aging pathways on life span and health age. New therapies that focus on aging-related pathways may positively impact the treatment of this acute respiratory infection. Using new therapies that boost the level of the immune system can support the elderly with co-morbidities against the acute form of COVID-19. This article discusses the effect of the aging immune system against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the pathways affecting this severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghiasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Kooshki
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Picard E, Armstrong S, Andrew MK, Haynes L, Loeb M, Pawelec G, Kuchel GA, McElhaney JE, Verschoor CP. Markers of systemic inflammation are positively associated with influenza vaccine antibody responses with a possible role for ILT2(+)CD57(+) NK-cells. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:26. [PMID: 35619117 PMCID: PMC9134679 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background With increasing age, overall health declines while systemic levels of inflammatory mediators tend to increase. Although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, there is a wealth of data suggesting that this so-called “inflammaging” contributes to the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults. We sought to determine whether markers of systemic inflammation were associated with antibody responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine. Results Over four seasons, hemagglutination inhibition antibody titres and ex vivo bulk peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to live influenza viruses assessed via interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-10 production, were measured pre- and 4-weeks post-vaccination in young adults (n = 79) and older adults randomized to standard- or high-dose inactivated vaccine (n = 612). Circulating tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also measured pre-vaccination. Post-vaccination antibody titres were significantly associated with systemic inflammatory levels; specifically, IL-6 was positively associated with A/H3N2 titres in young adults (Cohen’s d = 0.36), and in older high-dose, but not standard-dose recipients, all systemic inflammatory mediators were positively associated with A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B titres (d = 0.10–0.45). We further show that the frequency of ILT2(+)CD57(+) CD56-Dim natural killer (NK)-cells was positively associated with both plasma IL-6 and post-vaccination A/H3N2 titres in a follow-up cohort of older high-dose recipients (n = 63). Pathway analysis suggested that ILT2(+)CD57(+) Dim NK-cells mediated 40% of the association between IL-6 and A/H3N2 titres, which may be related to underlying participant frailty. Conclusions In summary, our data suggest a complex relationship amongst influenza vaccine responses, systemic inflammation and NK-cell phenotype in older adults, which depends heavily on age, vaccine dose and possibly overall health status. While our results suggest that “inflammaging” may increase vaccine immunogenicity in older adults, it is yet to be determined whether this enhancement contributes to improved protection against influenza disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00284-x.
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6
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Cersosimo A, Riccardi M, Amore L, Cimino G, Arabia G, Metra M, Vizzardi E. Varicella zoster virus and cardiovascular diseases. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022; 93. [PMID: 36128930 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a Herpesviridae family double-stranded DNA virus that only affects humans. The first clinical manifestation appears to be varicella, typical of childhood. VZV, on the other hand, becomes latent in ganglion neurons throughout the neuroaxis after primary infection. The VZV reactivates and travels along peripheral nerve fibers in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals, resulting in Zoster. It can, however, spread centrally and infect cerebral and extracranial arteries, resulting in vasculopathy, which can lead to transient ischemic attacks, strokes, aneurysms, cavernous sinus thrombosis, giant cell arteritis, and granulomatous aortitis. Although the mechanisms of virus-induced pathological vascular remodeling are not fully understood, recent research indicates that inflammation and dysregulation of ligand-1 programmed death play a significant role. Few studies, on the other hand, have looked into the role of VZV in cardiovascular disease. As a result, the purpose of this review is to examine the relationship between VZV and cardiovascular disease, the efficacy of the vaccine as a protective mechanism, and the target population of heart disease patients who could benefit from vaccination.
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7
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Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Renna M, Peng J, Sheridan J, Lustberg M, Ramaswamy B, Wesolowski R, VanDeusen JB, Williams NO, Sardesai SD, Noonan AM, Reinbolt RE, Stover DG, Cherian MA, Malarkey WB, Andridge R. Breast cancer survivors' typhoid vaccine responses: Chemotherapy, obesity, and fitness make a difference. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:1-9. [PMID: 35378230 PMCID: PMC9149127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate breast cancer survivors' inflammatory responses to typhoid vaccine as a window into their innate immune response to novel pathogens. METHODS This double-blind crossover trial randomized 158 breast cancer survivors to either the vaccine/saline placebo or the placebo/vaccine sequence. The relative contributions of age, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), type of cancer treatment, central obesity, and depression to interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and WBC vaccine responses were assessed pre-injection and 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 h post-injection. RESULTS The vaccine produced larger IL-6, IL-1Ra, and WBC responses than placebo, ps < 0.0001. Prior chemotherapy, higher central obesity, and lower VO2peak were associated with smaller vaccine responses after controlling for baseline inflammation. Vaccine response was summarized by the percent increase in area under the curve (IL-6, WBC) or average post-injection mean (IL-1Ra) for vaccine relative to placebo. Women who received chemotherapy had smaller vaccine responses than women who did not for both IL-6 (44% vs 78%, p <.001) and WBC (26% vs 40%, p <.001); IL-1ra response was not significantly moderated by chemotherapy. Women whose central adiposity was one standard deviation above the mean had smaller vaccine responses than women with average adiposity for IL-6 (33% vs 54%, p <.001), WBC (20% vs 30%, p <.001), and IL-1Ra (2.0% vs 3.2%, p <.001). Women with an average level of VO2peak had smaller vaccine responses than women whose VO2peak was one standard deviation above the mean for IL-6 (54% vs 73%, p <.001), WBC (30% vs 40%, p <.001), and IL-1Ra (3.2% vs. 4.1%, p = 0.01). Age and depression did not significantly moderate vaccine responses. CONCLUSIONS This study provided novel data on chemotherapy's longer-term adverse immune consequences. The data also have an important public health message: even relatively low levels of fitness can benefit the innate immune response to a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Megan Renna
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Juan Peng
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - John Sheridan
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeffrey B. VanDeusen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Nicole O. Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sagar D. Sardesai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Anne M. Noonan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Raquel E. Reinbolt
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Mathew A. Cherian
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - William B. Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Kim JW, Kwon KW, Kim MY, Cho JY. Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. Ethanol Extract Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Suppression of the Src/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131750. [PMID: 35807703 PMCID: PMC9269291 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that protects against harmful stimuli. However, severe inflammation can cause many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and arthritis. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. ethanol extract (Pp-EE) as a new strategy for controlling the inflammatory response. Cellular activities and the molecular target of Pp-EE were identified in RAW264.7 cells and HEK293T cells. The effect of Pp-EE was analyzed using the Griess assay, the luciferase assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. To evaluate the in vivo effects, an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mouse model was used. NO production and pro-inflammatory gene (iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α) mRNA levels were decreased by Pp-EE in a concentration-dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity. The activation of the transcription factor, particularly NF-κB, was effectively suppressed by Pp-EE. It was also found that Pp-EE directly inhibits the activation of Src in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells and in Src-overexpressed HEK293 cells by Western blotting analysis and cellular thermal shift assay. Experiments in the gastritis mouse model indicated that Pp-EE suppresses HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions, the expression levels of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the phosphorylation of p65, p50, and Src. Taken together, these results suggest that Pp-EE can be applied as an anti-inflammatory remedy with a Src/NF-κB inhibitory property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.W.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Ki Woong Kwon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.W.K.); (K.W.K.)
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.W.K.); (K.W.K.)
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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9
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Peled Y, Ram E, Lavee J, Segev A, Matezki S, Wieder-Finesod A, Halperin R, Mandelboim M, Indenbaum V, Levy I, Sternik L, Raanani E, Afek A, Kreiss Y, Lustig Y, Rahav G. Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant recipients: Immunogenicity and clinical experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:148-157. [PMID: 34565682 PMCID: PMC8397500 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repeated waves of the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the necessity to optimize vaccine responses in immunocompromised populations. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a third, booster, dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant (HT) patients. METHODS The cohort comprised 96 adult HT patients who received a third homologous dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine 168 days after the second dose. The vaccine-induced antibody responses of both receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibodies were assessed in all patients, with a positive antibody response being defined as the presence of either IgG anti-RBD or neutralizing antibodies. For a subset of patients, T cell response was also studied. RESULTS The third dose was associated with a low rate of adverse events, mostly mild pain at the injection site. No serious adverse events were recorded, and there were no episodes of rejection. At 18 days following the third dose of the vaccine, the positive antibody response increased from 23% to 67%, with a corresponding increase in neutralizing capacity. The third dose elicited SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers >9-fold and IgG anti-RBD antibodies >3-fold of the range achieved after the two primary doses. Mycophenolate use, lower eGFR and higher C-reactive protein were independently associated with a reduced likelihood of generating an immune response. Importantly, a specific T-cell response following the third dose was evident in the majority of transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS An homologous third booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine gave overall consistent tolerability and a good safety profile, while eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Peled
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eilon Ram
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Lavee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Segev
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Matezki
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Wieder-Finesod
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Rebecca Halperin
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Itzchak Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leonid Sternik
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Raanani
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Leviev Cardiothoracic and Vascular Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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10
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Bartleson JM, Radenkovic D, Covarrubias AJ, Furman D, Winer DA, Verdin E. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the Ageing Immune System. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:769-782. [PMID: 34746804 PMCID: PMC8570568 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in the science of ageing have highlighted how ageing pathways control not only lifespan but also healthspan, the healthy years of life. Here, we discuss the ageing immune system and its ability to respond to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We specifically focus on the intersect of severe COVID-19 and immunosenescence to highlight pathways that may be determinant for the risk of complications and death following infection with SARS-CoV-2. New or adapted therapeutics that target ageing-associated pathways may be important tools to reduce the burden of death and long-term disability caused by this pandemic. Proposed interventions aimed at immunosenescence could enhance immune function not only in the elderly but in susceptible younger individuals as well, ultimately improving complications of severe COVID-19 for all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dina Radenkovic
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
- Hooke, Health, Longevity Optimisation, London W1J 5RG, UK
| | - Anthony J. Covarrubias
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work
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11
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Attenuation of age-elevated blood factors by repositioning plasmapheresis: A novel perspective and approach. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103162. [PMID: 34083162 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the impairment of stem cell activation, leading to the functional decline of tissues and increasing the risk for age-associated diseases. The old, damaged or unrepaired tissues disturb distant tissue homeostasis by secreting factors into the circulation, which may not only serve as biomarkers for specific age-associated pathologies but also induce a variety of degenerative phenotypes. In this review, we summarize and discuss systemic determinants that perpetuate age-related tissue dysfunction. We further elaborate on the effects of attenuating these circulating factors by highlighting recent advances which utilize plasmapheresis in a pre-clinical or clinical setting. Overall, we postulate that repositioning therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to dilute the systemic factors, which become deleterious at their age-elevated levels, could be a rapidly effective rejuvenation therapy that recalibrates crucial signaling pathways to a youthful state.
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12
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Lee EE, Song KH, Hwang W, Ham SY, Jeong H, Kim JH, Oh HS, Kang YM, Lee EB, Kim NJ, Chin BS, Park JK. Pattern of inflammatory immune response determines the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19: unbiased clustering analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8080. [PMID: 33850271 PMCID: PMC8044143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify distinct patterns in inflammatory immune responses of COVID-19 patients and to investigate their association with clinical course and outcome. Data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrieved from electronic medical record. Supervised k-means clustering of serial C-reactive protein levels (CRP), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) was used to assign immune responses to one of three groups. Then, relationships between patterns of inflammatory responses and clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 were assessed in a discovery and validation cohort. Unbiased clustering analysis grouped 105 patients of a discovery cohort into three distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (hyper-inflammatory immune response) was characterized by high CRP levels, high ANC, and low ALC, whereas Cluster 3 (hypo-inflammatory immune response) was associated with low CRP levels and normal ANC and ALC. Cluster 2 showed an intermediate pattern. All patients in Cluster 1 required oxygen support whilst 61% patients in Cluster 2 and no patient in Cluster 3 required supplementary oxygen. Two (13.3%) patients in Cluster 1 died, whereas no patient in Clusters 2 and 3 died. The results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort of 116 patients. We identified three different patterns of inflammatory immune response to COVID-19. Hyper-inflammatory immune responses with elevated CRP, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia are associated with a severe disease and a worse outcome. Therefore, targeting the hyper-inflammatory response might improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Emily Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woochang Hwang
- Data Science for Knowledge Creation Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Young Ham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyeonju Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeong-Han Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hong Sang Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yu Min Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Myongji Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Sik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Euljiro 245, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04564, Korea.
| | - Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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13
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Picard E, Bowdish DME, McElhaney JE, Pawelec G, Loeb M, Verschoor CP. The frequency of interleukin-1β-producing monocytes is significantly associated with varicella-zoster responses of nursing home residents. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:63-74. [PMID: 33714219 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the status of the T cell compartment and inflammation-related factors are associated with the immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in older adults; however, little is known about the roles of other immune cell subsets known to influence the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. Responses to a live-attenuated VZV vaccine were studied in relation to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) composition and function in a sample of 30 nursing home residents (aged 80-99 years). Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) was used to measure VZV responses at baseline and 6 weeks following vaccination, and associations were sought with the frequencies of monocytes and T, B and natural killer (NK) cells and the production and secretion of cytokines following their ex-vivo stimulation with different agents. While only the frequency of interleukin (IL)-6+ CD14+ monocytes was inversely associated with post-vaccination VZV response, amounts of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by PBMCs and the frequency of IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes was positively correlated with pre-vaccination VZV response. Furthermore, both bivariate correlation and causal mediation analyses supported the notion that IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes were significant mediators of the associations between IL-1β and TNF secretion by PBMCs and pre-vaccination VZV responses. Our findings implicate a strong cytokine response mediated by inflammatory IL-1β+ monocytes in coordinating responses of long-lived VZV-reactive memory T cells, but with an opposing effect of IL-6+ CD14+ monocytes. Whether monocyte status promotes or inhibits the induction and/or maintenance of these memory T cells later in life has yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Picard
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - D M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J E McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - G Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - C P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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14
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Rossi JF, Lu ZY, Massart C, Levon K. Dynamic Immune/Inflammation Precision Medicine: The Good and the Bad Inflammation in Infection and Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:595722. [PMID: 33708198 PMCID: PMC7940508 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.595722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal or “good” inflammation process starts from a local cellular response against injury or any infectious agent, with the activation of neutrophils, macrophages, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, and innate immune cells. Cytokines and chemokines are produced to amplify the local inflammatory process followed by the migration of immune cells to the regional lymph nodes where adaptive immune response is initiated. Systemic inflammation enhances the biological response to mobilize additional cells from central and peripheral immune/hematopoietic system. Local mechanisms to limit inflammation are initiated and lead to healing. During the normal inflammatory process, there is a balance between the production of inflammatory chemokines/cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 and the production of compounds that limit inflammation and have an immune suppressive effect, such as IL-10 and Transforming Factor (TGF) β. IL-6 and IL-6/soluble IL-6 Receptor (R) complex stimulate liver cells to produce inflammatory proteins, which represents the systemic inflammation response. The magnitude and the duration of the systemic inflammatory response are linked to the cause, under genetic and epigenetic control. Significant inflammation as seen in septic shock, in severe forms of infections or in certain active cancers, represents the “bad inflammation”, correlated with a poor prognosis. In addition, the persistence of a chronic smoldering inflammation may lead to pathological situations which are observed in the majority of inflammatory, degenerative, dysmetabolic, or dysimmune diseases and cancer. Chronic smoldering inflammation is a cross between different pathological situations possibly linked. In addition, within the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory process results from different cellular mechanisms modulated by metabolic and vascular changes. On the contrary, a limited and balanced inflammation initiates the normal immune response, including the adaptive response which amplifies any immunotherapy, including vaccines. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are associated with cytokine release syndrome, a clinical risk leading to the use of anti-cytokine drugs. Nowadays, it is time to monitor the dynamic inflammatory process for a better immune precision medicine in both infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Hématologie-Immunothérapie, Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France.,Faculté de médecine Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhao Yang Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Montpellier Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Kalle Levon
- New York University (NYU) Tandon School of Engineering, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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15
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McElhaney JE, Verschoor C, Pawelec G. Zoster Vaccination in Older Adults: Efficacy and Public Health Implications. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1239-1243. [PMID: 30945744 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shingles and its most common disabling complication, post-herpetic neuralgia, represent a serious public health challenge in the older population. The decline in the T-cell-mediated immune response to varicella zoster virus after age 50 is clearly associated with increased risk of viral reactivation, causing an acutely painful zoster rash, which may have a severe prodrome of dermatomal pain and persist as seriously debilitating post-herpetic neuralgia well beyond the resolution of the rash. However, new vaccines and adjuvants are being developed and trialed and are now more effective in preventing shingles and the sequelae of post-herpetic neuralgia. Those vaccines that possess the ability to enhance antigen presentation and reverse memory T-cell exhaustion, as well as diminish the immune suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, are most likely to be effective in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario.,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario.,Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Yudin NS, Belyavskaya VA, Maksimov VN, Ivanoshchuk DE, Orlov PS, Voevoda MI. Association between leukocyte telomere length and specific antibody levels after vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Yudin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine
| | - V. A. Belyavskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being
| | - V. N. Maksimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine
| | - D. E. Ivanoshchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine
| | - P. S. Orlov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine
| | - M. I. Voevoda
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine
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17
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Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 2019; 25:1822-1832. [PMID: 31806905 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2081] [Impact Index Per Article: 416.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although intermittent increases in inflammation are critical for survival during physical injury and infection, recent research has revealed that certain social, environmental and lifestyle factors can promote systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) that can, in turn, lead to several diseases that collectively represent the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present Perspective we describe the multi-level mechanisms underlying SCI and several risk factors that promote this health-damaging phenotype, including infections, physical inactivity, poor diet, environmental and industrial toxicants and psychological stress. Furthermore, we suggest potential strategies for advancing the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Research in Translational Medicine, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Iuve Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sasha Targ
- Iuve Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Fasano
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rita B Effros
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Oh SJ, Lee JK, Shin OS. Aging and the Immune System: the Impact of Immunosenescence on Viral Infection, Immunity and Vaccine Immunogenicity. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e37. [PMID: 31921467 PMCID: PMC6943173 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by a progressive deterioration of the immune system associated with aging. Multiple components of both innate and adaptive immune systems experience aging-related changes, such as alterations in the number of circulating monocytic and dendritic cells, reduced phagocytic activities of neutrophils, limited diversity in B/T cell repertoire, T cell exhaustion or inflation, and chronic production of inflammatory cytokines known as inflammaging. The elderly are less likely to benefit from vaccinations as preventative measures against infectious diseases due to the inability of the immune system to mount a successful defense. Therefore, aging is thought to decrease the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccines, suggesting aging-associated decline in the immunogenicity induced by vaccination. In this review, we discuss aging-associated changes in the innate and adaptive immunity and the impact of immunosenescence on viral infection and immunity. We further explore recent advances in strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccines in the elderly. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence-related immune dysfunction will provide a crucial insight into the development of effective elderly-targeted vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea
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19
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Acute phase protein response to viral infection and vaccination. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:196-202. [PMID: 31323216 PMCID: PMC7094616 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms respond in multiple ways to microbial infections. Pathogen invasion tipically triggers an inflammatory response where acute phase proteins (APP) have a key role. Pentraxins (PTX) are a family of highly conserved APP that play a part in the host defense against infection. The larger proteins of the family are simply named pentraxins, while c-reactive proteins (CRP) and serum amyloid proteins (SAA, SAP) are known as short pentraxins. Although high APP levels have been broadly associated with bacterial infections, there is a growing body of evidence revealing increased PTX, CRP and SAP expression upon viral infection. Furthermore, CRP, PTX and SAP have shown their potential as diagnostic markers and predictors of disease outcome. Likewise, the measurement of APP levels can be valuable to determine the efficacy of antiviral therapies and vaccines. From the practical point of view, the ability of APP to reduce viral infectivity has been observed in several virus-host models. This has prompted investigation efforts to assess the role of acute phase response proteins as immunoregulatory molecules and their potential as therapeutic reagents. This work aims to present an overview of the APP response to viral infections reviewing the current knowledge in the field.
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20
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Effect of homeostatic T-cell proliferation in the vaccine responsiveness against influenza in elderly people. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:14. [PMID: 31312227 PMCID: PMC6612162 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza virus infection is a significant cause of morbimortality in the elderly. However, there is poor vaccine efficacy in this population due to immunosenescence. We aimed to explore several homeostatic parameters in the elderly that could impact influenza vaccine responsiveness. Methods Subjects (> 60 years old) who were vaccinated against influenza virus were included, and the vaccine response was measured by a haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. At baseline, peripheral CD4 and CD8 T-cells were phenotypically characterized. Thymic function and the levels of different inflammation-related biomarkers, including Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) and anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG antibodies, were also measured. Results Influenza vaccine non-responders showed a tendency of higher frequency of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) before vaccination than responders (1.49 [1.08–1.85] vs. 1.12 [0.94–1.63], respectively, p = 0.061), as well as higher expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in Tregs and different CD4 and CD8 T-cell maturational subsets. The levels of inflammation-related biomarkers correlated with the frequencies of different proliferating T-cell subsets and with thymic function (e.g., thymic function with D-dimers, r = − 0.442, p = 0.001). Conclusions Age-related homeostatic dysregulation involving the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets, including Tregs, was related to a limited responsiveness to influenza vaccination and a higher inflammatory status in a cohort of elderly people. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-019-0154-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Choi JY, Kang MG, Park KU, Park WB, Kim KI, Kim ES, Kim HB, Song KH, Kim CH. Immunogenicity of the Varicella-Zoster Vaccine in Community-Dwelling Non-robust Elderly Individuals Compared to Robust Elderly Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:1225-1230. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
To determine whether immunogenicity of the herpes zoster live-attenuated vaccine (ZVL) in elderly individuals is influenced by frailty status and cytokine levels, individuals aged at least 65 years were prospectively administered ZVL after their frailty status and cytokine levels were assessed. Humoral and cellular immunogenicity were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the varicella-zoster virus–specific IgG antibody and varicella-zoster virus–specific enzyme-linked immunospot assays, before and 6 weeks after vaccination. We enrolled 69 participants (mean age, 74.3 years); 31 were non-robust. Thirty-seven participants had a greater than 2 geometric mean fold rise in IgG antibodies, 22 more participants had at least 10 spot-forming cells/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (from 35 to 57 participants), and 42 experienced a twofold geometric mean fold rise increase of spot-forming cells 6 weeks after vaccination. The geometric mean fold rises of the antibody titers were similar in the robust and non-robust groups; moreover, the baseline enzyme-linked immunospot assay geometric mean values were not significantly different before or 6 weeks after vaccination. We observed no significant correlations between baseline cytokine levels and immunogenicity. Approximately half of the community-dwelling elderly participants in this study experienced a twofold rise in antibodies and one-third more participants showed at least 10 spot-forming cells after ZVL administration, suggesting that the ZVL can boost immunity in non-robust (especially pre-frail) and robust elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Min-gu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Deparment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do
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22
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Improved CD4 T cell profile in HIV-infected subjects on maraviroc-containing therapy is associated with better responsiveness to HBV vaccination. J Transl Med 2018; 16:238. [PMID: 30157873 PMCID: PMC6116502 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maraviroc-containing combined antiretroviral therapy (MVC-cART) improved the response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in HIV-infected subjects younger than 50 years old. We aimed here to explore the effect of this antiretroviral therapy on different immunological parameters that could account for this effect. Methods We analysed baseline samples of vaccinated subjects under 50 years old (n = 41). We characterized the maturational subsets and the expression of activation, senescence and prone-to-apoptosis markers on CD4 T-cells; we also quantified T-regulatory cells (Treg) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets. We used binary logistic regression to evaluate the immunological impact of MVC-cART, correlation with MVC exposure and linear regression for association with the magnitude of the HBV vaccine response. Results HIV-infected subjects on MVC-cART prior to vaccination showed increased recent thymic emigrants levels and reduced myeloid-DC levels. A longer exposure to MVC-cART was associated with lower frequencies of Tregs and activated and proliferating CD4 T-cells. Furthermore, the frequencies of activated and proliferating CD4 T-cells were inversely associated with the magnitude of the HBV vaccine response. Conclusion The beneficial effect of MVC-cART in the HBV vaccine response in subjects below 50 years old could be partially mediated by its reducing effect on the frequencies of activated and proliferating CD4 T-cells prior to vaccination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1617-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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23
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Verschoor CP, Kohli V. Cryopreserved whole blood for the quantification of monocyte, T-cell and NK-cell subsets, and monocyte receptor expression by multi-color flow cytometry: A methodological study based on participants from the canadian longitudinal study on aging. Cytometry A 2018; 93:548-555. [PMID: 29624852 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunophenotyping by multi-color flow cytometry is arguably the best tool to identify and quantify distinct cell lineages from the peripheral blood and other biological fluids/tissues. Effective in both clinical and research settings, it can be used to estimate the frequency of a given cell type or measure its phenotypic or functional properties. Normally, immunophenotyping is performed in fresh or fractionated blood (i.e., PBMCs) the same day, or within 24 hours of collection; however, this may not be feasible for all study designs. We have previously shown that cryopreserved blood, a biospecimen that is simple and inexpensive to prepare, is comparable to fresh blood for the enumeration of major leukocyte cell types. For the following study, we sought to extend these observations to distinct subsets of: monocytes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical), T-cells (CD4/CD8 naïve, central and effector memory, senescent, and terminally differentiated, and regulatory T-cells), and NK-cells (CD56 bright and dim); we also examined the expression of monocyte cell-surface receptors CX3CR1, CCR2, TLR2, and TLR4. Our results indicate that cryopreserved blood is comparable to fresh blood; with exception to relatively rare subsets and lowly expressed receptors, the absolute or relative frequency of cell subsets generally correlated >0.80 between blood types, while monocyte receptor expressed was mostly >0.70. Furthermore, the day-to-day coefficient of variation for most cell subsets and parameters was below 20%. Given these findings, we suggest that cryopreserved peripheral blood be given greater consideration for studies in which the quantification of distinct leukocyte subsets is required. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Verschoor
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Kohli
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), Hamilton, ON, Canada
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