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Taniguchi M, Okumura R, Matsuzaki T, Nakatani A, Sakaki K, Okamoto S, Ishibashi A, Tani H, Horikiri M, Kobayashi N, Yoshikawa HY, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Nakamura S, Kida T, Kameyama A, Takeda K. Sialylation shapes mucus architecture inhibiting bacterial invasion in the colon. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:624-641. [PMID: 37385587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In the intestine, mucin 2 (Muc2) forms a network structure and prevents bacterial invasion. Glycans are indispensable for Muc2 barrier function. Among various glycosylation patterns of Muc2, sialylation inhibits bacteria-dependent Muc2 degradation. However, the mechanisms by which Muc2 creates the network structure and sialylation prevents mucin degradation remain unknown. Here, by focusing on two glycosyltransferases, St6 N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 (St6galnac6) and β-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5 (B3galt5), mediating the generation of desialylated glycans, we show that sialylation forms the network structure of Muc2 by providing negative charge and hydrophilicity. The colonic mucus of mice lacking St6galnac6 and B3galt5 was less sialylated, thinner, and more permeable to microbiota, resulting in high susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Mice with a B3galt5 mutation associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also showed the loss of desialylated glycans of mucus and the high susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, suggesting that the reduced sialylation of Muc2 is associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. In mucins of mice with reduced sialylation, negative charge was reduced, the network structure was disturbed, and many bacteria invaded. Thus, sialylation mediates the negative charging of Muc2 and facilitates the formation of the mucin network structure, thereby inhibiting bacterial invasion in the colon to maintain gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugen Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Matsuzaki
- Center for Future Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Sakaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Okamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Airi Ishibashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruka Tani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Momoka Horikiri
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naritaka Kobayashi
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Visser C, Lashmar SF, Reding J, Berry DP, van Marle-Köster E. Pedigree and genome-based patterns of homozygosity in the South African Ayrshire, Holstein, and Jersey breeds. Front Genet 2023; 14:1136078. [PMID: 37007942 PMCID: PMC10063850 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1136078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The erosion of genetic diversity limits long-term genetic gain and impedes the sustainability of livestock production. In the South African (SA) dairy industry, the major commercial dairy breeds have been applying estimated breeding values (EBVs) and/or have been participating in Multiple Across Country Evaluations (MACE). The transition to genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) in selection strategies requires monitoring of the genetic diversity and inbreeding of current genotyped animals, especially considering the comparatively small population sizes of global dairy breeds in SA. This study aimed to perform a homozygosity-based evaluation of the SA Ayrshire (AYR), Holstein (HST), and Jersey (JER) dairy cattle breeds. Three sources of information, namely 1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes (3,199 animals genotyped for 35,572 SNPs) 2) pedigree records (7,885 AYR; 28,391 HST; 18,755 JER), and 3) identified runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments were used to quantify inbreeding related parameters. The lowest pedigree completeness was for the HST population reducing from a value of 0.990 to 0.186 for generation depths of one to six. Across all breeds, 46.7% of the detected ROH were between 4 megabase pairs (Mb) and 8 Mb in length. Two conserved homozygous haplotypes were identified in more than 70% of the JER population on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7. The JER breed displayed the highest level of inbreeding across all inbreeding coefficients. The mean (± standard deviation) pedigree-based inbreeding coefficient (FPED) ranged from 0.051 (±0.020) for AYR to 0.062 (±0.027) for JER, whereas SNP-based inbreeding coefficients (FSNP) ranged from 0.020 (HST) to 0.190 (JER) and ROH-based inbreeding coefficients, considering all ROH segment coverage (FROH), ranged from 0.053 (AYR) to 0.085 (JER). Within-breed Spearman correlations between pedigree-based and genome-based estimates ranged from weak (AYR: 0.132 between FPED and FROH calculated for ROH <4Mb in size) to moderate (HST: 0.584 between FPED and FSNP). Correlations strengthened between FPED and FROH as the ROH length category was considered lengthened, suggesting a dependency on breed-specific pedigree depth. The genomic homozygosity-based parameters studied proved useful in investigating the current inbreeding status of reference populations genotyped to implement genomic selection in the three most prominent South African dairy cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Visser
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Frederick Lashmar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jason Reding
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Donagh P. Berry
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Esté van Marle-Köster
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Okada K, Takezawa K, Tsujimura G, Imanaka T, Kuribayashi S, Ueda N, Hatano K, Fukuhara S, Kiuchi H, Fujita K, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Koyama Y, Shimada S, Nonomura N. Localization and potential role of prostate microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1048319. [PMID: 36569206 PMCID: PMC9768196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1048319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to clarify the presence and localization of the prostate microbiota and examine its association with benign prostate enlargement (BPE). Methods The microbiota of prostate tissues and catheterized urine from 15 patients were analyzed by 16S metagenomic analysis and compared to show that the prostate microbiota was not a contaminant of the urinary microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and in situ hybridization (ISH) using the specific probe for eubacteria was performed on prostate tissue to show the localization of bacteria in the prostate. The BPE group was defined as prostate volume ≥30 mL, and the non-BPE group as prostate volume <30 mL. The microbiota of the two groups were compared to clarify the association between prostate microbiota and BPE. Results Faith's phylogenetic diversity index of prostate tissue was significantly higher than that of urine (42.3±3.8 vs 25.5±5.6, P=0.01). Principal coordinate analysis showed a significant difference between the microbiota of prostate tissue and catheterized urine (P<0.01). FISH and ISH showed the presence of bacteria in the prostatic duct. Comparison of prostate microbiota between the BPE and non-BPE groups showed that the Chao1 index of the BPE group was significantly lower than that of the latter [142 (50-316) vs 169 (97-665), P=0.047] and the abundance of Burkholderia was significantly higher in the BPE group than in the latter. Conclusions We demonstrated that the prostate microbiota was located in the prostatic duct and reduced diversity of prostate microbiota was associated with BPE, suggesting that prostate microbiota plays a role in BPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Okada
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takezawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan,*Correspondence: Kentaro Takezawa,
| | - Go Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Imanaka
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Sohei Kuribayashi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norichika Ueda
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiuchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University of Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Fu Q, Song T, Ma X, Cui J. Research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and intestinal bowel disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:297-310. [PMID: 35962562 PMCID: PMC9434592 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microecology is the main component of human microecology. Intestinal microecology consists of intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal mucosal immune system. These components are interdependent and establish a complex interaction network that restricts each other. According to the impact on the human body, there are three categories of symbiotic bacteria, opportunistic pathogens, and pathogenic bacteria. The intestinal microecology participates in digestion and absorption, and material metabolism, and inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. It also acts as the body's natural immune barrier, regulates the innate immunity of the intestine, controls the mucosal barrier function, and also participates in the intestinal epithelial cells' physiological activities such as hyperplasia or apoptosis. When the steady‐state balance of the intestinal microecology is disturbed, the existing core intestinal microbiota network changes and leads to obesity, diabetes, and many other diseases, especially irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal malignancy. Intestinal diseases, including tumors, are particularly closely related to intestinal microecology. This article systematically discusses the research progress on the relationship between IBD and intestinal microecology from the pathogenesis, treatment methods of IBD, and the changes in intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Du C, Zhao Y, Wang K, Nan X, Chen R, Xiong B. Effects of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the Colonic Transcriptome and Proteome in Murine Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153057. [PMID: 35893911 PMCID: PMC9332160 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that effective nutritional intervention can prevent or mitigate the risk and morbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs), a major bioactive constituent of milk, play an important role in maintaining intestinal health. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of mEV pre-supplementation on the colonic transcriptome and proteome in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis, in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of mEV protection against acute colitis. Our results revealed that dietary mEV supplementation alleviated the severity of acute colitis, as evidenced by the reduced disease activity index scores, histological damage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, transcriptome profiling analysis found that oral mEVs significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33), chemokine ligands (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3 and CCL11) and chemokine receptors (CXCR2 and CCR3). Moreover, oral mEVs up-regulated 109 proteins and down-regulated 150 proteins in the DSS-induced murine model, which were involved in modulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Collectively, this study might provide new insights for identifying potential targets for the therapeutic effects of mEVs on colitis.
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Akahoshi DT, Bevins CL. Flagella at the Host-Microbe Interface: Key Functions Intersect With Redundant Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828758. [PMID: 35401545 PMCID: PMC8987104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria and other microbes achieve locomotion via flagella, which are organelles that function as a swimming motor. Depending on the environment, flagellar motility can serve a variety of beneficial functions and confer a fitness advantage. For example, within a mammalian host, flagellar motility can provide bacteria the ability to resist clearance by flow, facilitate access to host epithelial cells, and enable travel to nutrient niches. From the host’s perspective, the mobility that flagella impart to bacteria can be associated with harmful activities that can disrupt homeostasis, such as invasion of epithelial cells, translocation across epithelial barriers, and biofilm formation, which ultimately can decrease a host’s reproductive fitness from a perspective of natural selection. Thus, over an evolutionary timescale, the host developed a repertoire of innate and adaptive immune countermeasures that target and mitigate this microbial threat. These countermeasures are wide-ranging and include structural components of the mucosa that maintain spatial segregation of bacteria from the epithelium, mechanisms of molecular recognition and inducible responses to flagellin, and secreted effector molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems that directly inhibit flagellar motility. While much of our understanding of the dynamics of host-microbe interaction regarding flagella is derived from studies of enteric bacterial pathogens where flagella are a recognized virulence factor, newer studies have delved into host interaction with flagellated members of the commensal microbiota during homeostasis. Even though many aspects of flagellar motility may seem innocuous, the host’s redundant efforts to stop bacteria in their tracks highlights the importance of this host-microbe interaction.
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Yang W, Xie D, Liang Y, Chen N, Xiao B, Duan L, Wang M. Multi-responsive fibroin-based nanoparticles enhance anti-inflammatory activity of kaempferol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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